CCNA 1. Networking Basics v3.1.1 Student Lab Manual (796248), страница 21
Текст из файла (страница 21)
These statistics are how theThe Expert ViewPIs try to point out potential problems. The underlined options bring up additional detail windows ifthere are any values recorded. The sample for this lab will not show much, but it will look over theoptions for debugging ISL, HSRP, and other types of problems that will be seen in later labs.9 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Step 5 Stop the capture processTo stop the frame capture to look at individual frames use the Stopthe menu.button or Module | Stop frombutton.
With the educationOnce the capture has been stopped, click on the Capture Viewversion, a message box appears announcing that the capture is limited to 250 packets. Just clickOK.The resulting window can be a little overwhelming at first. Maximize the window to hide any otherwindows open in the background.In looking over the results, note that there are actually three horizontal windows open. The top10 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.window lists the captured packets. The middle window shows the detail of the selected packet in thetop window, and the bottom window shows the HEX values for the packet.By positioning the mouse over the borders among the three windows, a line mover or two-headedarrow will appear.
This allows the distribution of space for each window to be changed. It may beadvantageous to make the middle window as large as possible and leave five to six rows in each ofthe other two, as shown above.Look over the packets listed in the top window. DNS, ARP, RTMP, and other types of packets shouldbe found. If using a switch, there should be CDP and Spanning Tree packets. Notice that as rowsare selected in the top window, the contents of the other two windows change.Select information in the middle window, and notice that the HEX display in the bottom windowchanges to show where that specific information is stored.
In the following example, selecting theSource Address (IP) shows HEX values from the packet.Note also the color coding makes it easier to locate information from the middle window in the HEXwindow. In the following example with a DNS packet, the data in the Data Link Control (DLC) sectionof middle window is purple, while the Internet Protocol (IP) section is green. The corresponding HEXvalues are the same colors.Notice in the above example the EtherType is 0x0800. This indicates that it is an IP packet. Noticethe MAC addresses for both the Destination and Source hosts as well as where that data is stored inthe HEX display.In the same example, the next section in the middle window is the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)information, which includes the UDP port numbers.11 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.The structure of the middle window changes for each type of packet.Take a few minutes to select different packet types in the top window, and then look over theresulting display in the other two windows.
Pay particular attention to the EtherType, any portnumbers, as well as source and destination addresses, which include both MAC and network layer.There should be RIP, OSPF, and RTMP or AppleTalk packets in the capture. Make sure that theimportant data can be located and interpreted. In the following RIP capture, notice that this is a RIPversion 2 packet. The multicast destination address is 224.0.0.9,and that the actual route tableentries can be seen.
What would the multicast destination address be in version 1? _____________If there are any CDP packets, figure out the platform. The following is from a Catalyst 1900 switch.Experiment until comfortable with the tools.Step 6 Save the captured dataTo save captured data, use the Save Capturebutton or choose File | Save Capture from themenu system.
Depending on the version of Protocol Expert or Inspector that is being used, the Filemenu may offer "Save Current Section" instead of "Save Capture". Accept the All option by usingthe Continue button. The student can save just a range of captured frames with this window.12 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Use a proper file name and store the file on the appropriate disk. If the CAP extension is showingwhen this window opens, make sure it remains after typing the name.Use the Open Capture Filebutton and open the file called Lab3-2 PI Lab.cap.
If it is notavailable, then open the file that was just saved.The student is now using the Capture View of Capture Files. There is no difference in tools, but thetitle bar at the top of the screen indicates that a file is being viewed rather than a capture in memory.Step 7 Examine framesSelect a frame in the top window and try thebuttons. The arrows bythemselves move up or down one frame. The arrow with single line is top or bottom of the currentwindow, while the arrow with two arrows is the top or bottom of the entire list.
The arrow with the Talso moves to the top of the list.buttons to perform searches. Type text like OSPF in the listUse the Searchbox. Then click on the binoculars, and it will move from one OSPF entry to the next.Experiment until comfortable with the tools.Reflectiona.
How might this tool be used in troubleshooting?___________________________________________________________________________b. Is all of the data on the network being analyzed?___________________________________________________________________________c.What is the impact of being connected to a switch?___________________________________________________________________________13 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Appendix: PI Toolbars14 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.15 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.16 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.17 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.18 - 18CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 7.1.9bCopyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Lab 9.2.7 IP Addressing BasicsObjective•Name the five different classes of IP addresses•Describe the characteristics and use of the different IP address classes•Identify the class of an IP address based on the network number•Determine which part, or octet, of an IP address is the network ID and which part is the host ID•Identify valid and invalid IP host addresses based on the rules of IP addressing•Define the range of addresses and default subnet mask for each classBackground / PreparationThis lab exercise helps develop an understanding of IP addresses and how TCP/IP networksoperate.
It is primarily a written lab exercise. However, it would be worthwhile to review some realnetwork IP addresses using the command line utilities ipconfig for Windows NT/2000/XP orwinipcfg for Windows 9x/ME. IP addresses are used to uniquely identify individual TCP/IPnetworks and hosts, such as computers and printers, on those networks in order for devices tocommunicate. Workstations and servers on a TCP/IP network are called hosts and each has aunique IP address. This address is referred to as its host address. TCP/IP is the most widely usedprotocol in the world.
The Internet or World Wide Web only uses IP addressing. In order for a host toaccess the Internet, it must have an IP address.In its basic form, the IP address has two parts:•A network address•A host addressThe network portion of the IP address is assigned to a company or organization by the InternetNetwork Information Center (InterNIC). Routers use the IP address to move data packets betweennetworks. IP addresses are 32 bits long according to the current version IPv4 and are divided into 4octets of 8 bits each. They operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the Open SystemInterconnection (OSI) model, which is the Internet layer of the TCP/IP model. IP addresses areassigned in the following ways:•Statically – manually, by a network administrator•Dynamically – automatically, by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) serverThe IP address of a workstation, or host is a logical address, meaning it can be changed.
The MediaAccess Control (MAC) address of the workstation is a 48-bit physical address. This address isburned into the network interface card (NIC) and cannot change unless the NIC is replaced. Thecombination of the logical IP address and the physical MAC address helps route packets to theirproper destination.There are five different classes of IP addresses, and depending on the class, the network and hostpart of the address will use a different number of bits. In this lab, different classes of IP addresseswill be worked with and to help become familiar with the characteristics of each.
The understandingof IP addresses is critical to the understanding of TCP/IP and internetworks in general. The followingresources are required:1-4CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 9.2.7Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.•PC workstation with Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP installed•Access to the Windows CalculatorStep 1: Review IP address classes and their characteristicsAddress classesThere are five classes of IP addresses, A through E. Only the first three classes are usedcommercially. A Class A network address is discussed in the table to get started.
The first column isthe class of IP address. The second column is the first octet, which must fall within the range shownfor a given class of addresses. The Class A address must start with a number between 1 and 126.The first bit of a Class A address is always a zero, meaning the High Order Bit (HOB) or the 128 bitcannot be used. 127 is reserved for loopback testing. The first octet alone defines the network ID fora Class A network address.Default subnet maskThe default subnet mask uses all binary ones, decimal 255, to mask the first 8 bits of the Class Aaddress.
The default subnet mask helps routers and hosts determine if the destination host is on thisnetwork or another one. Because there are only 126 Class A networks, the remaining 24 bits, or 324octets, can be used for hosts. Each Class A network can have 2 , or over 16 million hosts. It iscommon to subdivide the network into smaller groupings called subnets by using a custom subnetmask, which is discussed in the next lab.Network and host addressThe network or host portion of the address cannot be all ones or all zeros. As an example, the ClassA address of 118.0.0.5 is a valid IP address.
The network portion, or first 8 bits, which are equal to118, is not all zeros and the host portion, or last 24 bits, is not all zeros or all ones. If the host portionwere all zeros, it would be the network address itself. If the host portion were all ones, it would be abroadcast for the network address. The value of any octet can never be greater than decimal 255 orbinary 11111111.ststClass1 OctetDecimalRange1 OctetHigh OrderBitsNetwork/Host ID(N=Network,H=Host)DefaultSubnet MaskNumber ofNetworksA1 – 126 *0N.H.H.H255.0.0.0126 (2 – 2)16,777,21424(2 – 2)B128 – 19110N.N.H.H255.255.0.016,38214(2 – 2)65,53416(2 – 2)C192 – 223110N.N.N.H255.255.255.02,097,15021(2 – 2)254 (2 – 2)D224 – 2391110Reserved for MulticastingE240 – 25411110Experimental; used for research7Hosts perNetwork(UsableAddresses)8Note: Class A address 127 cannot be used and is reserved for loopback and diagnosticfunctions.2-4CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 9.2.7Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Step 2: Determine basic IP addressingUse the IP address chart and your knowledge of IP address classes to answer the followingquestions:1.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
