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Derivational patterns (DP) are meaningful arrangements of various types of ICs that can be observed in a set of words based on their mutual interdependence. DPs can be viewed in terms of collocability of each IC.

There are 2 types of DPs: 1) structural that specify base classes and individual affixes.

2) structural-semantic that specify semantic peculiarities of bases and the individual meaning of the affix.

DPs of different levels of generalization signal:

• the class of source unit that motivates the derivative and the direction of motivation between different classes of words.

• The part of speech of the derivative.

• The lexical sets and semantic features of derivatives.

Lecture 7

Ways of forming words (according to A.I. Smirnitskiy):

Word-formation is the system of derivative types of words and the process of creating new words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns.

As a subject of study English word-formation is that branch of English lexicology which studies the derivative structure of words and the patterns on which the English language builds new words. Like any other linguistic phenomenon, word-formation may be studied synchronically and diachronically.

There are 2 types of word-formation in Modern English:

1. word-derivation being of 2 kinds like affixation and conversion

2. word- composition

There is every reason to exclude the shortening of words, lexicalization, blending, acronymy from the system of word-formation and regard them and other word-forming processes as specific means of vocabulary refreshment. Sound-and-stress interchange in Modern English are a means of distinguishing between different words, primarily between words of different pa5rts of speech.

The degree of productivity and factors favouring it make an important aspect in synchronic description of every derivational pattern within the 2 types of word-formation.

Three degrees of productivity are distinguished for derivational patterns and individual derivational affixes:

1. highly productive

2. productive or semi- productive

3. non- productive

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