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CALL SYSTEM in CLIMBING – Альпинистские Команды
ROCK - Камень
A warning call given by anyone; climber. Delayer or bystander, The call means something (rock, log, piton, etc.) is falling and people below are possibly in danger of being struck.
READY - Готов
An information call given by the climber. The call means the climber is ready to begin climbing, i.e., he is properly equipped and tied into the belay rope. The call requires no answer. The climber does not begin climbing until he receives further instructions.
ON BELAY – На страховке
An information call given by the belayer. The call means the belayer is ready and able to provide a safe belay for the climber. The call requires no answer.
TESTING – Проверка (редко употребляется на русском)
A call given by the climber to inform the belayer that the climber desires to test the belay system. This call requires an answer before any action can be initiated.
TEST – Готов (редко употребляется на русском)
A call given by the belayer in answer to the call TESTING. This call means the belayer is ready for an actual belay system test. The call requires no answer and after hearing this call the climber conducts the test of the belay system,
CLIMBING - Иду
A call given by the climber to notify the belayer he is about to start climbing. The call requires an answer and no action is taken by the cimber until he receives an answer.
CLIMB – Пошел!
A call given by the belayer to notify the climber he may start climbing. The call requires no answer and the actual climbing begins following this call.
UP ROPE - Выбирай
A call given by the climber to notify the belayer to take up the rope. It is important to the climber that no slack develops in the belay rope. The call requires no answer, just action on the part of the belayer.
SLACK - Выдай
A call given by the climber to notify the belayer to let out rope. Slack may be required to make a traverse, negotiate a tricky move, or untangle the belay rope. The call requires no answer, just action on the part of the belayer. (Only a small amount should be let out at one time.)
TENSION – Выбери!
A call given by the climber to notify the belayer to take up as much of the belay rope as his strength will allow. This may be required for a rest stop, a tricky move, or just for the climber's confidence. The call requires no answer, just action on the part of the belayer.
FALLING – Срыв!
A warning call given by the climber to notify the belayer that the climber is falling or that a fall is eminent. The call is given since In many circumstances the belayer cannot feel the fall. The call requires no answer, just a safe belay catch. (The exact wording may vary depending upon the climbers mental attitude at the time.)
OFF BELAY – Вне страховки (редко употребляется на русском)
A call given by the climber to notify the belayer that the climber is secure and is ready to remove the belay rope. The call requires an answer before further action can be taken.
BELAY OFF - Вне страховки (редко употребляется на русском)
A call given by the belayer to notify the climber that the safety of the belay rope is about to be removed. After this call, the climber and belayer may either proceed to remove the belay system or prepare to belay the next climber.
ROPE - Веревка
A call given as a warning to notify climbers and bystanders that a rope is being thrown. The call requires no answer.
OFF RAPPEL – Веревка свободна
A call given by a rappelling climber to notify the climbers remaining above that he has safely rappel led and has completely freed himself of the rappel rope. The call requires no answer but a climber must not begin to rappel until he has received this call from the previous rappeller.
БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
Акишига А.А. Лингвострановедческий словарь. – М., 1991 г.
Волина В.В. Занимательный этимологический словарь. – М., 1996
Гак В.Г. Языковые преобразования. – М., 1998 г.
Девкин В.Д. О «несерьезных словарях» // Сб. «Лексика и лексикография» Вып. 10 М., 1999 г.
Девкин В.Д. Словари, которые не напечатали // «Вопросы языкознания»,-№1,-2001.-с. 85-96
Златоустова Л.В. Структура слова в потоке речи. – Казань, 1962 г.
Маковский М.М. Язык – Миф – Культура. – М., 1996 г.
Норман Б.Ю. Язык: знакомый незнакомец. – Минск, 1987 г.
Словарь новых слов русского языка (1950-1980) / Ред. Н.З. Котелова. Спб. 1995 г.
Словарь структурных слов / Ред. В.В. Морковкин М., 1997 г.
Ступин Л.П. Лексикография английского языка. – Л.: Издательство Ленинградского Университета, 1979 г.
Ступин Л.П. Проблема нормативности в истории английской лексикографии. - М «Высшая Школа», 1985 г.
Коробешко Л. Diamond W. Краткий словарь альпинистской лексики составлен в 1999 г.
1 Партонимы - слова, обозначающие часть целого.
2 Парономазия - стилистический прием столкновения слов, имеющих сходство звучания.
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