Technical_English_3_-_WB (564095), страница 17

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That means you can't put wax on an extrudedbase to make it go faster over the snow. So an extruded board ends up withmore surface fri ction than the sintered board. But on the other hand , it'scheaper and it's easier to repair. So the charac teri stics of the si ntered baseare the exact opposite of the extruded base.I think that's ab out all. To finish, I've got a video clip off the internet for you.It shows the kind of machinery you need if you decide to manufacture ...a·uabsorbent, absorbencyductile, ductilitydurable, durabilityelastic, elasticityflammable, flammabilityflexible , flexibilitymalleable, malleabilitynon-flammable, non-flammabilityptastic, plasticityrigid , rigidityUnit 12 Opportunities&?isA:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:Let's get started, then.

There's a lot to discuss. Peter, you've got a list offour technologies that cars can use.Well , five actually, if you look at the report in front of you . First, solarpower. That's an existing technology, w hich is proven . But there will betechnological improvements in the future.Such as?The Chinese are developing lighter panels and also the cos t is comingdown at a rate of about 5% per annum.That's good news. So companies are at the prototype stage. Has anycompany started mass production?No, not yet. Next, battery exchange, which takes place at switchstations.Can you remind m e?Yes. You drive into a service station with a nearly flat battery.

Your batteryis removed and an exchange battery, fully charged, is placed in your car.OK, so a few things to sort out, but possible.Again, the cost of the system is likely to fall, and new generationsof batteries will provid e longer ranges and reduced weight. Butinfrastructure will be needed. And this is a chicken-and-egg situation,Sorry? Chicken-and-egg? What's that?The government won't subsidise investment in infrastructure - that isthe provision of switch stations - until there are enough electric cars touse it, and ..

.And people won' t buy electric cars until the infrastructure is in place. Ofcourse. And companies won't want to make them, either.No, but one switch station scheme is already in operation in Denmark,and more are planned. Now, the third system on my list is movingahead rapidly. That's domestic battery recharging with plug-in systems.The research and development has been done, the prototypes havebeen tested, and one company is already in production.So, it's up and running?And running very well, thank you. The company is planning to produce50,000 units next year and 200,000 units worldwide the year after.It's got a range of 160 k ilometres, and a top speed of 140 kilometresper hour. A small recharging infrastructure exists, but only in a fewcountries .A:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:B:Well, that's better than nothing.

Anything new and fancy, -e noncontact recharging?0, it's simple plug-in recharging. But listen to this: ~""'e go! therecharging speed down_It charges to 80% of capacity in under30 minutes.I'm impressed!ext system, the hydrogen fuel cell car. Now this systern hasn't mademuch progress since we last discussed il TIle R&D has been done andprototypes exist, but nobody has any plans to manufactureAnd of course the same problems with putting an infJastructurein place.ExacUy. That won' t happen for a long time, that' my guess.So, what's the fifth system, then?It's the hybrid petrol-eJectric engine that we all knowaboul All thebig manufacturers have got a hybrid in their range. and the number ofdifferent hybrid models on sale is expected to rise from II to:.2 ,~. soon.52 hybrid models to choose from ' TIlat's a huge change.And the market share of hybrids is predicted to rise from 2...5 to -t.2"I.

inthe next two years.So, everything's in place for servicing and repairs thelL But if no! azero-emission car, is it? It still pumps out emissions.But it's a low-emission car. And until we've got good zero emi.ssioosystems up and running and have got the infrastructure in place to keepthem running, we're going to need those hybrids for a few years longer.It's intermediate low-emissions technology.

but it works.&DA:B:Peter, will you give us a presentation of your predictions for the shortterm, medium-term and long-term use of these cars. please?Sure. If you look at this slide, you'll see I\'e got predictions for threedifferent types of economy, depending on the types of energy thaiare readily available in that WIle- Firsl we ha,'e solar power, whichis the energy of choice in the tropics. of course.

lllen in the next rowdown, we have countries \\ith an abundansupply 0( cheap electricitygenerated by hydro-electric or geoIhennal schemes. or a combinaIionThese are countries like ..-uzerland.. . 'Ofway and 1ce1and.. And ofcourse, there are AfJican COUI1IJ1eS \\illll>ig Il}UIo-eIeCUiC sdlefnes..too. FmaJJy, we ha'-e countries \\ith a de.-eIoped nudeaI PCI'\-efindustry, which c:unently include France, the liSA and Russia.In the tropics, we expect thai solar PCI'\-eT \\ continue as the prirnar\system in the short medium and long eon.

is.. ol COUJSe..the cheapestsystem to run, and it's the best system for the emironmenl..loO!In the second group of countries, there is - ; to be a Iapid \ - ellin the short-term to battery rechaJging, which is the least expensi\-,:,system to buy.

This will initially be \\ith domestic plug-in _ ems,but we may get non-contact systems. too. 1llis .'iIcb w1lplacebecause no additional infrastructure is required.. J-b,-e'Ii'el:. in themedium and long term, we can expect a S\\itcb to bal1~- eu::hangesystems as the infrastructure required for this is builland extended..It's probably the most convenient system forcaI dm-eJS.. as "d..Finally, in the nuclear countries I expect a similar paHem, in oIherwords, a rapid switch in the short-term to batter)' rectldJgillg.in the medium term, there is likely to be a S\\itch 10 batt~· exchangesystems.

However, in the long term, there could be a S\\itch 0hydrogen fuel-cell systems. because of the ~-pe of energy ouIput fromnuclear power stations. This is not a finn prediction, but a ~-,But the major disadvantage of this S} tern is thai it requires the greatestinvestment in infrastructure.-&-''''2-0111Nouns (climate change)atmosphereconcentrationcycloneemissiongigatonneglacierice cappatternpredictiontrendAdjectivesconvenientexceptionalhigh-performancehugemassiverenewablesimilarspectacularstaggeringtechnologicaltremendous/'A udl( b lOPI691 Systems11hI2343523 g46c7d8bemergency beaconcoastguardemergency signalsatelliteI an emergency beacon5678eflaresinflatelife raftwinch2 a sinking fishing33 .5 kilohertz 14,000 feet once per second 30 days6 years in a container of water cylindrical orange2I3I23114~673Operation123-t2I43234Place C5 Release GFasten Finflate ARemove H678Ensure 0Pull, push Bslide Epeople 2 automatic 3 in vin yl bagcan turn upside down 5 can right itselfinflated canop ; insulated floor and canopy;water-activated lights on canopy; system forcollecting rainwaterinflation triggered automatically; two buoyancychambers inflated to make the walls; inflation forcesopen the carrying bag; inflation time :12 secondstwo chambers fill \vith water; upper chamber fillsthrough portholes in the chamber walls; lowerchamber fills through a one-way valve, which letswater in but not oULwaves of > ten metres, winds of > 300 kph; life raftself-rights4Word list1I satellite ignal 2 low-altitude orbit 3 rad iofrequency 4 operating range 5 air-sea rescue6 safety device 7 rescue teamantenna 2 HRU 3 beaconlever arm 5 magnet 6 flareFuture shapesI composite 2 aerospace 3 carbon fibre4 fuselage 5 aircraft 6 plastic 7 deckreport 9 construct 10engineerVertical word: manufacture8bridgeII22fastened 2 detached 3 activatesautomatically 5 transmit 6 float\\inched up..

. lVVA Flight 800, which crashed ...... in a fuel tank, which exploded.... at Boston where the weather was fine.... by another pilot, who was flying ...... at Boston airport, from where he contacted ...... in the area, which lies off the coast ...... by divers, who were guided to it .. .... to the shore, from where it was taken away .. .emergency beacon 2 radio signalground station 4 satellite signalsnational centre 6 rescue centre 7 rescue team2 Processes2 Transmission1I4boat 3 the fishermen's 4 a signal5 a helicopter 6 one of the red flares7 the fishermen 8 the coastguard station4I3Rescue5a223456The government will definitely cancel the mannedspace exploration programme.It's likely that they will provide more money forrobotic exploration of the solar system.Scientists will probably not / probably won't developnew heavy-lift rockets in the near future.They will certainly extend the life of the InternationalSpace Station beyond 2020.They will probably ask commercial firms to playabigger part in future.Space travel to low -Earth orbit will possibly becomemore affordable.2 Solid shapes1215e2c6 g3a7 d4bI E 2 C 3 0 4 B 5 A1 uses 2 is used 3 is loaded 4 is heated5 rotates 6 melts 7 coats 8 is coated /has been coated 9 is cooled 10 cools / iscooled 11 shrinks 12 is removed3Hollow shapes1-ing: blowing, casting, cooling, heating, melting-ion: ejection, expansion, extrusion, inflation, rotation-ment: movement-er: roller-ure: closureno change: transfer2air pump heater mould with holesthermoplastic sheet324123heatinga) heaterb) thermoplastic sheetpositioningc) mould with holes34stretchingvacuum formingd) air pumpsoft, hardair-exhaust holesbelow, above45thinnervacuum4Word list1Suggested answers1 The polymer pellets are transferred from the hopperto the cylinder.2The screw in the extrusion moulder is rotated by anelectric motor.3 The cold polymer pellets are propelled alongthe cylinder.4 The polymer pellets are heated and meltedby heaters.5 The warm, soft molten polymer is propelled alongthe cylinder.6 The molten polymer is extruded into a mould by themachine.7 The two halves of the mould are closed with themolten polymer inside.8 The molten polymer in the mould is inflated andexpanded by compressed air.9 The plastic bottle shape is cooled.10 The plastic bottle is ejected from the open mould (bythe machine) .2323452 Sequence (1)1 I up to a maximum altitude of 100,000 metres2 if there is a problem with the launch 3 the abortengine thrusts the LAS (and the crew cap uJe) away fromthe rocket 4 by the attitude control engine ;) \\ithexplosive bolts 6 the jettison engine must fire 7 toallow the capsule to float down into the ocean 8 oncethe capsule has reached a safe altitudeclose, closure; compress, compression; e~, eroon;expand, eXPilllsion; extrude, extrusion; heat, heater;inflate, inflation; in~, inifftion; mould, mould; rotate,rotation; transfer [verb], transfer [noun]3hopper2 screw3mould4electric motor5 cylinder 6 polymer pellets22 It 3 raced 4 where5 went 6 These!They 7 which8 which 9 fell 10 took 11 hit12 its/ the 13 burst 14 flew 15 ignited3259Ib61234completescapturesavoidstudies3ef7 c11 h10 g56783456Injection moulding: 3 12 6Pressure-die casting: 10 4 7Metal-rolling: 1 I I 8Blow mOUlding: 5 9 2123456SOFTENEXPANSIONCARBON FIBREROLLERPISTONCHAMBER78910111278EJECTCOMPONENTPROPELCOMPRESSINJECTPOLYMER13456789would takewould bewould be10 struck11 would only plan12 was/wereIAfter gi\ing the order for re~ntry.

the pilot fires thethrusters and turns the shuttle tail first.Once the huttle reaches I has reached the upperatmosphere, the pilot fires the thrusters again andWhen the huttle enters has entered the upperatmosphere hot gases surrounding the shuttle causea radio blackout.As soon as it fully re-enters has fully re-entered theEarth's atmosphere, the shuttle is able to IJy -·e anaircraft.After picking up the radio beaCOll at the end of therunway, the pilot takes on!T control from the onboardcomputers.After landing, the pilot deplo} the paIaChute from therear to slow the shuttle.Once the shuttle lands I has 1anded the crew foDo\\the procedure to shut dOv\l1 the shuttleAs soon as the crew leaves I has left the huttle.

theground crew begin servicing it.4are stabiliseddeployingorientejects15bc231 Conditions1 1 have closed2 Has there been 3 collided4 has caught 5 did this happen 6 received7 Have you discovered 8 have not had9 have you drilled 10 We have drilledAfterAfterHoweverow3 Sequence (2)2would only undertakecould bewould the governmentwantdid not knowwould it choosewas/wereOnceturns the shuttle nose fusL4 a8 j12 ddiscoversare transmittedare received(are) convertedABCD123823 Events24 Assoonas3Section 21 and 23When5673Section 1crashed11 kI2 ThenReview Unit A2What will happen if the weather is bad?The pilot will cancel the take-off.What will happen if the launching device failsto function?The jet fighter will remain on the flight deckWhat will the pilot do if the jet engine fail aftertake-off?The pilot will activate the ejection system.What will happen if the pilot ejects aftertake-off?His/Her parachute will open automatically.What will happen if the pilot lands in the ea afterejection?A helicopter will winch the pilot to safety.265678gfdetonatedpropelledrestrainingjettisoned3 d7 h48eaEjection possible at speed: zero - 1,400 kphEjection possible at altitude: zero - 82 000 feetStage I EjectionPilot loses radio contactPilot has emergency oxygen supplyPilot stays in seatStage 2 Drogue parachutePurpose: I) stabilises and 2) slows the fall of the pilotReleased at 8,000 reetStage 3 Main parachutePilot is lifted out of seatStage 4 Landing.ub\\ erke\71Radio signal sent from personal locator b eaconActivated automatically412ord list1234oil rigjet fightercrew capsulelaunch abort system5678abort engineattitude-control enginejettison engineejection systembroke burnt, burned flew focused propelled sankpun struck took thrust4 Careers1EngineerI Martha Sari 2 Italian 3 Robotico4 Research & Development Technician;) Developing ne\ devices for artificial arms and legs6 Degree in Mechanical Engineering; Mastersin Bio-medical Engineering 7 University ofOttawaSpeaks French and Italian2PositionApprentice EngineerResponsibilitiesMachining, finishing and somequality controlName and address ofemployerBAMC pic (was Farley Marine,Long Creek)Type of businessMarine engineering :manufacture of engines andpumpsDates2005-2008QualificationBachelor of Applied SciencesSubjects / Skills covered Physics and MechanicalEngineeringName of instituti on15I234I23456783for : three weeks, seven years, a week, six months, amonth, two hours, 20 minutes, five days, a long timesince: 20 I I , yesterday, last week, January, 8 o'clock,Monday, 12th May, lunchtimedevice 2 hand-held 3 roughly 4 barrelpul e 6 bullet 7 recoil 8 recoilHow long is the line?Hov thick is the line?How strong is the line?What shape is the projectile? / What is the shape ofthe projectile?;.Ho"", far ca.n.

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