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(1982), “Pancreatic Carcinoma Induced by N-methylN¢-nitrosourea in Aged Mice,” Gerontology 28: 114–120.This page intentionally left blankIndexActivated proto-oncogenes, 145–49,150, 160, 162Adaptation, 5, 12–13. See alsoEvolutionAdenomatous polyposis gene. SeeAPC geneAdenosine triphosphate (ATP), 84,192Ad hoc committees, 188–90Agricultural genetics, 37Alcohol consumption, and livercancer, 167, 170Allelomorphs, 27–28, 29Amino acids, 192AMP (a nucleic acid), 192Amphipathic substances/boundaries,78–79, 87Amplification of genes, 160–61Aneuploidy, 146, 148, 202n.2Angelman syndrome, 112Animal taxa, 121–22Ankyrin, 93–94APC (adenomatous polyposis) gene,145, 154, 155, 175–78Aperiodic crystals, 59, 61, 63, 76,99–100. See also DNA; Hereditarycode-scriptApoptosis, 155Archaea, 78Aristotleon adaptation, 5, 6on development, 195epigenetic theory of, 5–6, 8on fibers, 124on the soul, 6–7teleology of, 4, 5, 9Astrocytomas, 145Astronomy, 124ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 84,192Aufderheide, K.
J., 98Autocatalytic cycles, 99–100Autonomous cell theory, 18–19, 22,129–30, 140, 156–58Avery, Oswald Theodore, 54–55Bacteria, SOS system of, 193Bacteriophage, 54–55Baglivi, Giorgio, 124Bahktin, Mikhail, 72Baltimore, David, 134Band 3 molecules, 93–94Barcellos-Hoff, M. H., 173Barr bodies, 202n.4Barrett’s esophageal cancer, 166Bateson, William, 25, 26, 27–28, 29Bauer, K.
H., 130Benjamin, Walter, 68–70Bildungstrieb (organizational urge),10–11, 199n.6Biogenetic laws, 16, 19Biologyas beginning with Darwin, xvcentrality of, xiiiinfluence of, xiiiuse of term, 184, 202n.1218IndexBirthmarks (nevi), 128Bishop, J. Michael, 137, 139–41,162. See also Oncogene model ofcancerBissell, Mina, 172–73Black bile, 118, 119Blau, Helen, 97Blebbing of membranes, 90Blood, 118, 119Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, xvi,125influence of, 12, 120on organizational urge, 10–11,199n.6on reflective judgment, 9on water polyps, regeneration in,10–11Boerhaave, Hermann, 124Bohr, Niels, 54, 55Boll, Franz, 127Bonnet, Charles, 199–200n.7Book of Life, 110Boveri, Theodoreon chromosomes as site ofMendelian factors, 33–34, 35on cytoplasm, 42merogony experiments of, 33–34on somatic mutation, xx, 118, 130,156Brandon, R., 5, 199n.2Breast cancer, 145, 172–73, 182Brockes, J.
P., 163Burdach, Karl Friedrich, 202n.1Burdette, W. J., 132Bureau of Ordinance (U.S. Navy), 64Cadherins, 177CAG trinucleotides, 193–94, 203n.7Cancer, xix–xx, xx, 117–82and activated proto-oncogenes,145–49, 150, 160, 162and age, 165–67and amplification of genes, 160–61aneuploidy in, 146, 148, 202n.2and the APC gene, 145, 154, 155,175–78and autonomous cells as cancercells, 129–30, 140, 156–58of the breast, 145, 172–73, 182carcinogenesis vs. mutagenesis,131–33and cell-adhesion molecules, 161,177, 181cell culture model of, 170–72, 181and cell division, 151and cell fusion, 142–44, 146–48chemical carcinogens, 164–65class 1 vs.
class 2 types of, 166of the colon, 145, 153–54, 160colorectal, 174–81, 182and the DCC gene, 145, 154, 155,176, 178by decree vs. default, 142–45dominant vs. recessive genes for,145–55, 202nn.3–5and dynamic reciprocity, 172–73and ECM, 172–73environmental carcinogens, 127experimental carcinogenesis, 128–31and the fibronectin anti-sense gene,152–53, 202nn.4–5genetic predisposition for, 173–82and heterozygosity loss, 145history of biology of, 118–28, 157initiation/promotion of, 132,168–69and intracellular vs. extracellularfields, 160–61irritant-induced, 129, 180, 181and the Keime und Anlagen, 155–56of the liver, 167–68, 170monoclonal view of, 165, 170, 172multi-hit theory of, 131and normality vs.
pathology, 156oncogene model of, 133–42,145–52, 156, 157–58oncology after the phylogenetic turn,128–33organizational view of, 158–65,167, 170, 181progress on, 173–82reductionist view of, 156–57Indexand regeneration, 162–63and resistant hepatocytes, 167–70retinoblastoma, 144–45somatic mutation hypothesis,117–18, 130–33, 135–36, 144–45,156, 159–60SOS system of, 193and transgenic mouse experiments,148tumor suppressor genes, 142–46,149–52, 154–55, 157–58virally induced, 133–37Cartesian vs. Newtonian matter, 8Celera, 201n.3Cell, 174Cell-adhesion molecules, 161, 177,181Cell culture model of cancer, 170–72,181Cell fusion, 142–44, 146–48Cell theoryand cancer theory, 124and the genesis of genes, 18–19modern, 124–26Omnis cellula a cellula (cells comeonly from cells), 126Center vs.
periphery, 31Chargaff, Erwin, 65Cherry, R. J., 94Child, C. M., 36Chromatin/chromosome marking,xix, 76, 77, 111–14, 200n.8Chromosomes, 19–21, 30–31, 33,113, 202n.4. See also DNA; Genes,genesis ofChunk-of-anlagen, xviCircular causality, 9–10Cirrhosis of the liver, and cancer, 167Classical medicine, 118Clockworks, as dynamical processes,60–61Cloning, 42, 136, 200–201n.14Code-script.
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