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International Chamber of Commerce has contacts through the network of branches all over the world and provides information on possible sources of supply.

Usually the purchasing department of the company with the experience of international procurement is willing to share the necessary information with other customers, provided that they are not direct competitors [13].

The current national sources often provide information about the suppliers with whom they do not compete.

Importers and brokers at trade with foreign countries do business on providing information on the latest developments of the countries with which they do business.

Almost all major banks have departments of international trade. In addition to providing information on the currency of payment and procedure documentation, they can help in the search for potential sources of procurement [13].

An important source of information on procurement is also a guide to the suppliers present in every industrialized country.

With these sources of information search international suppliers will not be very difficult. Evaluating a particular supplier is more difficult. Two key sources of estimation information may be the exchange of information among the employees of Procurement, which usually can be found through a simple survey, and during a visit to the company supplier [20].

Whether to carry out purchases directly at suppliers or through intermediaries, depends on such factors as volume of information on specialized international purchases in department of supply, and also on volume and the frequency of the expected purchases. There are several alternatives.

The company may seek the assistance of a broker for the importation or marketing representative. For a fee, agent or representative will assist in the search providers and the shopping cart. Ownership of the goods passes directly to the company-buyer. The buyer, of course, is to make sure the price matches the quality of the services provided [12].

The enterprise can sign the contract with the seller of import which on behalf of the buyer acquires raw materials at the foreign supplier and the right of possession of production, delivers goods to the destination coordinated with the buyer then makes out a bill to the buyer for the stipulated sum. The purchaser pays for the purchase.

There is also a trading company that deal with a wide range of suppliers from one or more countries.

If the volume of international purchases is small, the order can be processed by the buyer, who carries out local procurement. Specialization in purchasing department of the enterprise is for this purpose carried out. Search of the supplier is conducted, his assessment is made, and orders for raw materials are provided to the foreign supplier. However, if the volume of international transfers is sufficient, it is appropriate to teach, or to apply for services to qualified buyers, who can analyze the world markets and suppliers, the documentation related to the import of goods, payment procedures, and exchange rate fluctuations [20].

Many companies have established import department, whose functions include procurement of goods purchased on the world market, from foreign suppliers. Work department can effectively solve a number of important tasks:

1) Selection of experienced suppliers that contribute to the assessment of the goods directly to the enterprise;

2) The search for acceptable prices, because there is no middleman;

3) Quality control by checking the order on the spot;

4) Collection of the complete information under the terms of international purchasing and especially foreign law;

5) To ensure the interests of the buyer and seller in joint transactions.

The effectiveness of international procurement is achieved by considering the main criteria for selecting the optimal supplier.

Long-term cooperation with foreign companies, allows enterprises to purchase raw materials on the international market, reaching a consensus interests of the parties [11].

In practice of the international purchases there is a large number of factors which can lead to a choice of the foreign supplier as a preferable source of supply. Effective solutions for selecting a power supply are the basis for a stable base of raw material procurement company [28].

Thus, the import of an enterprise allows to buy raw materials at favorable conditions at the lowest cost, which requires extensive training and development strategy for its implementation.

Apart from a reliable supplier company needs to find a carrier of goods. Similarly, there are a number of basic criteria, such as:

• Reliable delivery time;

• Transportation costs;

• The total delivery time;

• Willingness to change the tariff;

• Financial stability;

• The presence of additional cargo handling equipment;

• The presence of additional services for the packaging and delivery;

• Preservation of the goods against loss and theft;

• Qualifications of staff;

• Forwarding;

• How to order;

• Willingness to change service;

• Flexibility routes;

• Batch Service;

• Monitoring.

In the analysis of the carrier it is also an important consideration forwarder that fee and the expense of the consignor or consignee shall perform or arrange for the performance of certain services [19].:

♦ organization of traffic on a route;

♦ conclusion of the contract of carriage and software to send and receive goods;

♦ receiving and processing of documents for export and import goods;

♦ perform customs clearance and other formalities;

♦ control of the condition and quantity of the goods;

♦ rendering services information, insurance, etc.;

♦ control over the storage, warehousing, sorting, grouping, etc. goods;

♦ provision of information, insurance, etc. services.

Thus, for the successful implementation of import operations and long-term contracts with foreign companies importing firms need to solve a number of major challenges and develop strategies for its implementation.

1.2 Theoretical bases of the organization and technology import operations

Necessary condition of import operation is solvency of the importer. Its main features are contracting with a foreign counterparty and goods crossing the border of the importing country.

Like any foreign operation import transaction involves three stages: preparation, contracting and implementation. The data import transaction stages have their own characteristics [21].

The basis of preparation of the alleged procurement should be based on a systematic study and forecasting of demand of domestic consumers in the field of industrial and personal consumption or predict their own production and consumption in relation to the real export and production capacity of manufacturers [25].

Market analysis for the importer is also important, as well as for the exporter and is performed in order to identify the modern requirements for goods procurement is planned; identify potential suppliers in terms of product quality, technical level of production and their financial situation; determine the level of prices and the forecast of its change; determine the most appropriate procurement method: directly from the manufacturer, through an intermediary, using various forms of countertrade, etc.

Planning foreign operations, in the first stage of the transaction, it is the development of related in time and content of organizational and commercial activities. It includes: sending requests to suppliers, agents, brokers, the organization of international trading; development of technical specifications for purchased goods; approval requirements and conditions of the procurement of goods to consumers, if the intermediary is a foreign trade organization; negotiations or bidding and contracting; performance of contractual obligations and monitoring [14].

Preparation for the execution of the transaction also provides for an advertising company. At import operations advertizing is of little importance, and quite often and in general is absent, however in some cases and importers resort to it to present themselves in a business community as large buyers, to reveal potential suppliers, and also to aggravate between them the competition [15].

Particular attention during the preparation of the analysis of import transactions received from foreign firms’ offers, as well as the preparation of requests, orders to foreign firms and their direction of recipients.

The purpose of the request - receive competitive bids from exporters, so they sent several companies from different countries. They specify the name of the product, its quantity and quality, delivery time; the price is usually not specified as it determines the seller. As for orders, they are usually sent to permanent counterparts, so they are indicated only individual terms of the deal, but otherwise the parties are guided by the terms of any standard or previously signed contracts [11].

Drawing up the draft contract by the buyer for transfer to the foreign seller or studying of the draft contract presented by the seller finishes the first stage.

In the development of the import contract examined by the relevant regulatory framework to enter into cross-border transactions, the use of model contracts and other general conditions of supply of certain goods. The text of the proposed contract, article by article focuses on the interests of the importer, and therefore must contain a broader interpretation of the subject of the contract, a detailed description of the quality of the goods and the procedure for verification, guarantee the quality requirements for packaging and labeling of the goods, the conditions of acceptance of goods for quality and quantity. Monetary and financial conditions of the contract should reflect favorable to the buyer forms and methods of calculation, a detailed list of the documents against which payment is made to the customer. Article "claims" in its content should ensure the rights of the importer to the statement of claims in quantity and quality, delivery time and other reasons, and effective ways to meet them. The contract must include a list of sanctions to be applied to the seller for breach of contractual obligations and terms of force majeure, limiting the possibility of the fulfillment of obligations by the seller [14].

If in the course of an exchange of written proposals and responses by the parties reached full agreement on the conclusion of the transaction, the signing of the contract is a purely formal act. Otherwise, while maintaining the mutual interest of the parties signing the contract is preceded by direct negotiations.

During the talks the sides discussed in detail the draft contract prepared in advance, the fundamental conditions of sale, to clarify and harmonize positions, develop mutual commitments. Upon reaching the negotiated agreement on all terms of the transaction the parties sign the contract. Since the signing of the contract become effective rights and obligations of the parties to implement it.

In implementing the import of goods to the buyer, the importer must go through the following steps:

1) to obtain the necessary licenses, certificates, permits;

2) to obtain a passport of import deal;

3) to make the required payments under the contract;

4) to take the goods to the exporter with a point or port of destination;

5) to make customs clearance of imported goods bear the costs of customs duties taxes and duties (except for the cases when the supply is subject to conditions DDP).

For clarity, Figure 1.4 shows an example of the passport of the import transaction.

Figure 1.4 – Import Deal Passport

In case of import of excisable production to duties of the buyer acquisition in customs authorities of tax stamps which then go to the export producer, and also their insurance also belongs.

The seller, in turn, has been producing, shipping, customs clearance, transport of goods, draws related to the supply of goods documentation (packing list, invoice road transport, the bill of lading, invoice, insurance policy), as well as preparing for the buyer's request for additional documents necessary for importation of the goods into his country (certificate of origin, and others.);

Technique import operations typically include [14]:

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