Текст ВКР (1190791), страница 11

Просмтор этого файла доступен только зарегистрированным пользователям. Но у нас супер быстрая регистрация: достаточно только электронной почты!

Текст из файла (страница 11)

To maximize profit, it is important not only to sell products more expensively, but also to suffer the minimum possible costs for their manufacture or purchase. In view of the fact that competition prevails on the market, it is not simple to purchase the right product at the best optimal conditions. When choosing the optimal contractual partner, the best results are achieved when using competitive procurement methods, such as public tenders and request for bids. It is important to have as much information about the existing suppliers and proposed products and services as well as be able to make them get interested in participating in the procurement process. Requirements should be met to the fullest extent and acceptable term with the best possible price-quality ratio. To inform the suppliers about procurement process, the customer uses the mass media, including electronic means as well as outsourcing companies that can help find more profitable potential suppliers [12].

For the successful development, competitiveness growth, and attractiveness to investors, it is required to solve the tasks of improving the efficiency and transparency of the performance of the corporation and reduction of the costs. One of the methods to solve these problems is outsourcing, i.e. the transfer of certain functions, technological operations, or business processes to external executors. These companies themselves take on to find the active tenders (information model) and to prepare the documentation for participating in tenders (tender model).

1.3. Outsourcing modelin organizing procurements

Outsourcing is the transfer of the functions of the enterprise that do not refer to the basic production, and the transfer of all related assets to the management of a professional contractor.

For the first time, outsourcing fully began to be used by large companies-manufacturers of mass consumption goods connected with commodity production. Having concentrated the efforts on the main production, outsourcing involves the provision of services by the outsourcing company-client. Growth in outsourcing services, expansion of the activities in which outsourcing finds application, increased amounts of contracts when creating strategic alliances of major corporations outsourcing services change the ratio of manufacturing and services in meeting the needs of society. According to the interpretation of the Russian Standard ISO 9004-2, “service, first and foremost, is the result of interaction between the executor and the consumer services» [10]. Users of outsourcing services are organizations, i.e. the customers of outsourcing companies. Based on the assessment of the Western researchers, there are two main qualitative criterion determining the possibility of outsourcing certain functions or business processes: proximity to the substantive activities of the organization and level of know-how [1].

Today on the world market, outsourcing is the transfer of business processes to outside organizations and is one of the leading sectors of the economy. In compliance with the terms and conditions of contracts for international outsourcing, the customer delegates the right sand technology of producing the science-intensive products to his partner — the outsourcer that provides production and sometimes the product sales under the trademark of the company-customer [20].

Given the trends of the volume growth of information services in all sectors of economy and business, increase in quality requirements for these services, the global market for outsourcing is conventionally divided into two main segments:

1) outsourcing of information technologies (IT-Outsourcing or ITO);

2) outsourcing of business-processes(Business Process Outsourcing or

SAI).

Outsourcing of information technologies encompasses the different types of

services provided by the specialized firms: development and maintenance of software and databases, planning and system integration, e-business consulting, service and maintenance of corporate networks, Internet services and provision of information procurement, etc. The main reason for outsourcing information technology has been, and remains the high cost of electronic data processing, on the one hand, and increasingly complicated process of development and support for applications, on the other hand. Currently, the information technology could be considered as the most developed area of outsourcing with the established principles of mutually beneficial cooperation [20].

Transfer of business processes to an external partner is largely associated with the liability and risk. Building the partnership on the basis of long-term contracts guaranteeing the necessary level of trust, security, and responsibility of the parties is the most important component of the successful outsourcing-project. Developing the idea of outsourcing leads to setting up a new type of organization — virtual and also, to the formation of a new type of industrial relations harmoniously combined with the globalization process of the world economy.

For the organization that uses the outsourcer’s services, it means changing the development strategies: from reduction of costs to formation of qualitatively new business processes based on the new principles of value creation [12].

Unlike foreign companies, the emergence of outsourcing in Russia refers only to the mid 90-ies of the XX century. At the moment, a rather large segment of small and medium-sized businesses uses the services of external specialists. The emergence of entrepreneurship in Russia got through very harsh conditions when the methods of competitive struggle threatened not only business, but also the life and health of its owners. Therefore, the primary objective of the Russian business became the economic and physical survival. The evolvement of the Russian segment of the Internet has given impetus to the active development of outsourcing on the Russian market.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2

Рисунок 1 - Централизованная модель закупок

Рисунок 2 - Децентрализованная модель закупок

43

Характеристики

Список файлов ВКР