Лекция. Квантовый компьютер (Ожигов) (1186109), страница 2
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NOT íà êâàíòîâîé òî÷êå ñ äâóõ-ÿìíûì ïîòåíöèàëîì. Ñîáñòâåííûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ|φ0 i = √12 (|0i + |1i) è |φ1 i = √12 (|0i − |1i).Á. CNOT. Ñîñòîÿíèå òî÷êè x îïðåäåëÿåò âûñîòó áàðüåðà â òî÷êå y (çåëåíûé öâåò), è ñêîðîñòüòóííåëèðîâàíèÿ â y .Êâàíòîâûå òî÷êè íà NV- öåíòðàõ â àëìàçå F.Jelezko, S.Kilin, A.Nizovtsev, J.Wrachtrup, C.Tietz,20 / 25A.Gruber, I.Popa, Single Molecules, 2001, vol.2, 4, 255Íåëèíåéíûé ôàçîâûé ñäâèã â îïòè÷åñêîé ïîëîñòèFigure: NPS: optical cavity, which the two-level atom ies through. The energy of the eld in the cavitydoes not exceed 2ωc .
We choose the appropriate time τ0 = ∆s/v for nding the atom in the cavity forthe realization of NFS: |0i → |0i, |1i → |1i, |2i → −|2iH.Azuma, Quantum computation with the JaynesCummings model, Prog. Theor. Phys. 126 (2011),369385.21 / 25CSign |x, y i → (−1)xy |x, y i íà ôîòîííûõ ñîñòîÿíèÿõ.Äîáðîòíîñòü ìîæíî äîâåñòè äî 90%. Èñïîëüçóåòñÿ 2 ïîëîñòè äëÿ íåëèíåéíûõ ôàçîâûõñäâèãîâ è 2 ëèíåéíûå ñâåòîäåëèòåëè, äåéñòâóþùèå òàê:1|nia1 |mia2 = √n!m!(a1+ )n (a2+ )m |0ia1 |0ia2 −→1[ √12 (a1+ + a2+ )]n [ √12 (a1+ − a2+ )]m |0ia1 |0ia2−→ √n!m!Figure: C-Sign gate array22 / 25(1)Tavis-Cummings-Hubbard modelHamiltonian of TCH model has the form:HTCH =Xihωc ai+ ai +Xhωaij σij+ σij− + ki,jXX+(ai+a + a+ ai+1 ) +µij (ai + ai+ )(σij+ + σij− ) (2)1 iii,jwhere i designes cavity, j - atom, ai(+) are operators of creation-annihilation of photons in i -thcavity, σij(±) are operators of creation-annihilation of excitation of j -th atom in i -th cavity,ωc − ωa = d ωa .
If µij hωa summands not conserving energy can be omitted (RWAapproximation).(+)Inuence of thermal phonons gives the deposit in the form of dephasing bmkare phononoperators, Sikj - Juang-Rhys factors for interaction between j -th atom in i -th cavity with phononmode k :P+H = HTCH + HB + HI , HB =Emk bmk bmk ,m,kpP+HI = 12Sikj ωk (bik+ bik )σij+ σij− + h.c.i,k,j23 / 25(3)Jaynes-Tavis-Cummings-Hubbard-Dick model with dephasing noiseFigure: JC model with noise.24 / 25ÄåêîãåðåíòíîñòüÎòêëîíåíèå îò óíèòàðíîãî çàêîíà â îòñóòñòâèè íàáëþäàòåëÿ íàçûâàåòñÿäåêîãåðåíòíîñòüþ. Åñëè äåêîãåðåíòíîñòü âûçâàíà êîíòàêòîì ñ îêðóæåíèåì, îíàïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ â âèäå ïîäàâëåíèÿ íåäèàãîíàëüíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ â ìàòðèöå ïëîòíîñòè ρ(t),êîòîðàÿ â ñëó÷àå îïðåäåëåííîãî (÷èñòîãî) êâàíòîâîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ èìååò âèä ρ = |ΨihΨ|, àâ ñëó÷àå êëàññè÷åñêîé íåîïðåäåëåííîñòè(íàïðèìåð, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷àñòè÷íîãî èçìåðåíèÿPñîñòîÿíèÿ) - âèä ρmix = i pi |φihφ|, ãäå pi - âåðîÿòíîñòü òîãî, ÷òî ñèñòåìà íàõîäèòñÿ âñîñòîÿíèè |φi.Äèíàìèêà ìàòðèöû ïëîòíîñòè â ñëó÷àå îòñóòñòâèÿ ïàìÿòè ó îêðóæåíèÿ ïîä÷èíÿåòñÿêâàíòîâîé ìàðêîâñêîé äèíàìèêå - óäîâëåòâîðÿåò óðàâíåíèþÊîññàêîâñêîãî-Ëèíäáëàäà-Ãëàóáåðà-Ñóäàðøàíà:ihρ̇ = [H, ρ] + i2 −1NXj=112+gj (Lj ρL+j − {Lj Lj , ρ})ãäå gj ≥ 0, Lj âìåñòå ñ òîæäåñòâåííûì îïåðàòîðîì îáðàçóþò îðòîãîíàëüíûé áàçèñ âîïåðàòîðíîì ïðîñòðàíñòâå Ëèóâèëëÿ.
Äëÿ îñîáî èíòåðåñíîãî ñëó÷àÿ íåìàðêîâñêîéäèíàìèêè íåò ïîäîáíîãî îáùåãî ïîäõîäà, åñòü òîëüêî îòäåëüíûå ÷àñòíûå ðåçóëüòàòû.25 / 25.