диссертация (1169578), страница 46
Текст из файла (страница 46)
September 25. URL: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0003/000333/033313eb.pdf215. Hafez K. The Role of Media in the Arab World’s Transformation Process //Symposium Proceedings Deutsche Welle Media Dialogue. - 2012. – May. Pp. 321339.URL:http://www.uni-erfurt.de/fileadmin/user-docs/philfak/kommunikationswissenschaft/files_publikationen/hafez/inhalt899_bound_hafez.pdf216. Harding, T. MoD account of Iranian kidnap in doubt // The Telegraph. URL:http://web.archive.org/web/20080421011015/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/04/17/wiraq317.xml217.
Howard Ph. The Arab Spring’s Cascading Effects // Pacific Standard. –2011. – February 23. URL: http://www.psmag.com/navigation/politics-andlaw/the-cascading-effects-of-the-arab-spring-28575/218. Johnson Th. Who is Winning the Hearts and Minds of the Arab Public? Anexamination of how Arab viewers judge the credibility of Al-Jazeera, Al-Arabiya,Al-Hurra and local Arab stations // College of Mass Communications. Texas TechUniversity.–2010.-January.URL:222https://www.academia.edu/1984609/The_credibility_of_Al-Jazeera_AlArabiya_Al-Hurra_and_local_Arab_stations219.
Kassim S. Twitter Revolution: How the Arab Spring Was Helped By SocialMedia // Policymic. URL: http://www.policymic.com/articles/10642/twitterrevolution-how-the-arab-spring-was-helped-by-social-media220. Kaya K., Karaveli H. The "Arab Spring" Threatens to Bring Winter toTurkey // Turkey Analyst. – 2012. – August 27.
- Vol. 5, No. 16. URL:https://www.turkeyanalyst.org/publications/turkey-analyst-articles/item/319-thearab-spring-threatens-to-bring-winter-to-turkey.html221. Livingston S. Clarifying the CNN Effect: An Examination of Media EffectsAccording to Type of Military // Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School ofGovernment. Research Paper R-18.
- 1997. URL: http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/1997ClarifyingtheCNNEffect-Livingston.pdf222. Lussato C. Libye: Amnesty conteste le nombre des victimes et accuse lesrebelles//LeNouvelObservateur.–2011.–17juin.URL:http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/actualite/monde/20110914.OBSO223. Media Comparison // Outdoor Advertising Association of America. URL:http://www.oaaa.org/outofhomeadvertising/mediacomparison.aspx224. Media Use in the Middle East: eight nation survey // NorthwesternUniversityinQatar.–2013.-April.URL:http://ru.scribd.com/doc/137906439/Media-Use-in-the-Middle-East-An-EightNation-Survey-NU-Q225. MEDIA: Foreign News Channels Drawing U.S.
Viewers // InterPressServiceNewsAgency.-2010.-January29.URL:http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/01/media-foreign-news-channels-drawing-usviewers/226. Mideast fertile territory for Chinese M&A investments // Al Arabiya. –2014.–February5.URL:http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/economy/2014/02/05/Mideast-fertileterritory-for-Chinese-M-A-investments.html223227. Mourad H. The Muslim Brotherhood and Saudi Arabia // Al-Ahram. – 2013.– May 13.
URL: http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/4/71498/Opinion/TheMuslim-Brotherhood-and-Saudi-Arabia.aspx228. New media and conflict after the Arab spring // United States Institute ofPeace. - 2012. URL: http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PW80.pdf229. Onuf N. Rule and Rules in International Relations // Lecture Series "BeyondAnarchy: Rule and Authority in the International System. -2014. – February 4.URL:http://www.helsinki.fi/eci/Events/Nicholas%20Onuf_Rule%20and%20Rules%20%204-2-14.pdf230. Peritz A. How to Make the 'Turkey Model' Work in the Middle East // USNews. – 2013. – April 17.
URL: https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/worldreport/2013/04/17/secular-turkey-remains-the-model-even-with-islamists-in-power231. Qatar’s emir announces transfer of power to son Sheikh Tamim // AlArabiya. – 2013. – June 25. URL: http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middleeast/2013/06/25/Qatar-s-emir-announces-transfer-of-power-to-son-SheikhTamim.html232. Quarterly Reach Report // Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board.
URL:www.barb.co.uk/viewing/quarterly-channelreach/download/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+4+2013++weeks+2358-2370.pdf233. Radia K. Sec. of State Hillary Clinton: Al Jazeera is ‘Real News’, U.S.Losing ‘Information War’ // ABC News. – 2011. - March 2. URL:http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/03/sec-of-state-hillary-clinton-aljazeera-is-real-news-us-losing-information-war/234. Rahman M.A., Zein S. Dubai Takes on Al-Jazeera: Foes of the MuslimBrotherhood Unite // Al-Akhbar English.
– 2013. -February 21. URL:http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/15042224235. Radsch C. Core to Commonplace: The evolution of Egypt's blogosphere //ArabMediaandSociety.–2008.-September29.URL:http://www.arabmediasociety.com/?article=692236. Reardon S.
Was the Arab Spring really a Facebook revolution? //–NewScientist.–2012.April13.URL:http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21428596.400-was-the-arab-spring-reallya-facebook-revolution.html237. Rubin M. Why is Huffington Promoting Muslim Brotherhood Media? //Commentary–Magazine.2015.–August21.URL:https://www.commentarymagazine.com/foreign-policy/middle-east/ariannahuffington-muslim-brotherhood-media/238.
Sabry M. Muslim Brotherhood's media machinations // Al-Monitor. – 2014.– July 1. URL: http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/07/muslimbrotherhood-media-egypt-propaganda.html239. Shane S. ISIS Media Output Drops as Military Pressure Rises, Report Says//TheNewYorkTimes.–2016.–October10.URL:https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/11/world/middleeast/islamic-state-mediapropaganda-isis.html?_r=1240.
Simpson J. Save Us from Reporters Who Pass Judgement // The DailyTelegraph. – 1997. - September 14.241. Snyder A. Viewpoint: Al-Arabiya as new favorite satellite TV // Middle EastTimes.–2006.-April18.URL:http://www.metimes.com/Opinion/2006/04/18/viewpoint_al_arabiya_as_new_favorite_satellite_tv/8478/242. Stoner E. The role of the Academy of Change in Egypt’s uprising // WagingNon-Violence. - 2011.
- April 19. URL: http://wagingnonviolence.org/2011/04/therole-of-the-academy-of-change-in-egyptsuprising/?fb_action_ids=10202103338887356&fb_action_types=og.likes&fb_source=aggregation&fb_aggregation_id=288381481237582225243. Strobel W. The CNN Effect // AJR. - 1996.
– May. URL:http://ajrarchive.org/article.asp?id=3572244. Study: Reuters Headlines // Honest Reporting. – 2003. – July 14. URL:http://honestreporting.com/study-reuters-headlines/245. Sushentsov A. Lowdown: Making Sense of Russia’s Syria Strategy // TheNationalInterest.–2015.–October15.URL:http://nationalinterest.org/feature/lowdown-making-sense-russias-syria-strategy14047246.
Telesur will have English, French and Portuguese versions // NexTV Latam.- 2014. - January 3. URL: http://nextvlatam.com/telesur-will-have-english-frenchand-portuguese-versions/?lang=en247. The Rise and Influence of Arab Media. A radio documentary from theStanley Foundation in association with KQED Public Radio // Stanley Foundation.- 2006. URL: http://www.stanleyfoundation.org/radiopdf/24_7.pdf248. The role of traditional and new media in the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood’sinternal power struggle // Project on Middle East Political Science. – 2017. –January 23. URL: https://pomeps.org/2017/01/23/the-role-of-traditional-and-newmedia-in-the-egyptian-muslim-brotherhoods-internal-power-struggle/#_ednref2249.
Totten M.J. Arab Spring or Islamist Winter? // World Affairs. - 2012. January/February. URL: http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/arab-spring-orislamist-winter250. Willsher K. France rocked by news of aid to Tunisia and Egypt // LosAngelesTimes.–2011.–February5.URL:http://articles.latimes.com/2011/feb/05/world/la-fg-france-scandal-20110205251. Why ISIS Is Winning the Social Media War // Wired.
URL:https://www.wired.com/2016/03/isis-winning-social-media-war-heres-beat/226ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ1.Основныеглобальныеинформационно-новостные агентства.Самым старым и одним из крупнейших и наиболее надежныхинформационно-новостныхагентстввмиреявляетсяамериканскоеAssociated Press (АР), основанное в 1846 г. как новостной кооперативгазетных издателей. Сегодня АР представляет объединение владельцев более1700 газет и более 5000 радио- и телестанций384 и имеет разветвленную сеть282 международных представительств и 11 региональных центров в 110странах мира.
Потребителями информации, предоставляемой глобальнымагентством, являются более 3,5 млн людей ежедневно. АР предоставляетинформациюдля15тысячразличныхмировых,региональныхинациональных СМИ и интернет-ресурсов, а также сотрудничает дляполучения мультимедиа материалов с более, чем 200 партнерами в разныхчастях света385. Статус надежного и авторитетного информационногоагенства АР заслужило благодаря своей оперативности в представленииважных и срочных новостных сообщений, представляющих наиболее точно иполно картину происходящего, однако деятельность агентства не избегаетобвинений в фальсификации поставляемой на медиа-рынок информации386.АР также имеет свою радиосеть Associated Press Radio Network,основанную в 1974 г., которая дважды в час представляет новостные выпускидля различных спутниковых и теле- и радиоканалов, а в 1994 г.
создало своютеле-сеть APTV для предоставления видеоматериалов различных мировыхСМИ, которое впоследствии слилось с WorldWide Television News и сталоназываться Associated Press Television News (является британской компанией,принадлежащей АР). Аудио и видеоматериалы, которые АР предоставляет384Михайлов С.А. Современная зарубежная журналистика: правила и парадоксы.