The Linguistic Culture-2 (british media) (1157929), страница 5
Текст из файла (страница 5)
The Times publishes influentialweekly magazines, such as the Educational Supplement, the Higher EducationSupplement) and the Literary Supplement.The broadcasting mediaThe broadcasting media consist of radio, terrestrial television andcable/satellite television. Three authorities oversee these services: the BritishBroadcasting Corporation (BBC), the Independent Television Commission(ITC) and the Radio Authority.The BBC is based at Broadcasting House in London, but has stationsthroughout the country, which provide regional networks for radio and television.It was created by Royal Charter and has a board of governors who are responsiblefor supervising its programmes.
They are appointed by the Crown on the advice ofgovernment ministers and are supposed to constitute an independent element in theorganization of the BBC.The BBC is financed by a grant from Parliament, which comes from the saleof television licences (Ј1.6 billion per year). These are payable by anyone whoowns a television set and are relatively cheap in international terms (Ј104 annuallyfor a colour set). The BBC also generates considerable income from selling itsprogrammes abroad and from the sale of a programme guide (Radio Times),books, magazines and videos.The BBC’s external services, which consist of radio broadcasts in English(the World Service) and 42 other languages abroad, were founded in 1932 and arefunded by the Foreign Office.
These have a reputation for objective newsreporting and programmes. The BBC also began commercially funded televisionprogrammes in 1991 by cable to Europe and by satellite links to Africa and Asia;BBC World (news) – now merged with the World Service.The BBC is not a state organization, but it is not as independent on politicalpressures as many in Britain and overseas assume. Its charter has to be renewed byParliament and by its terms government can, and does, intervene in the showing ofprogrammes.. The BBC governors are in fact government appointees.Governments can also exert pressure upon the BBC when the licence fee comes upfor renewal by Parliament.The BBC does try to be neutral in political matters.
The major parties haveequal rights to broadcast on the BBC and independent television.There are 5 national radio channels (to be increased by five new digitalchannels); 39 local stations serving many districts in England; and regional andcommunity services in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.The nationalchannels specialize in different tastes. Radio 1 caters for pop music; Radio 2 haslight music, news, and comedy; Radio 3 provides classical and modern seriousmusic, talks, discussions and plays; Radio 4 concentrates on news reports, analysis,talks and plays; and Radio 5 Live (established 1990) has sport and newsprogrammes.The BBC was certainly affected by the invention of television, which changedBritish entertainment and news habits.
The BBC now has two television channels(BBC1 and BBC2). BBC1 is a mass-appeal channel with an audience share of 28per cent. Its programmes consist of news, plays and drama series, comedy, quizshows, variety performances, sport and documentaries. BBC2, with an audienceshare of 11 per cent, tends to show more serious items such as news analysis anddiscussion, documentaries, adaptations of novels into plays and series, operas,concerts and some sport. It is also provides Open University courses. The Labourgovernment has approved (2001) the expansion of BBC television services by thecreation of a BBC4 channel (culture and the arts) and two channels forchildren under six and over.A large number of the programmes shown on television are made in Britain,although there are also many imported American series.
A few programmes comefrom other English-speaking countries, such as Australia, New Zealand andCanada. But there are relatively few foreign-language productions on Britishtelevision and these are either dubbed or subtitled.British television has a high reputation abroad. News reports, documentariesand current-affairs analyses are generally of a high standard, as are dramatic,educational, sporting, natural history and cultural productions. But there is also awide selection of series, soap operas, films, quizzes and variety shows which are ofdoubtful quality.Voices have been raised about the alleged levels of sex, violence and badlanguage on British television.
The Conservative government considered thatviolence, sex and obscenity on television do affect viewers and was concerned to‘clean up’ television. A Broadcasting Standards Complaints Commissionmonitors programmes, examines complaints, establishes codes of conduct for thebroadcasting organizations.ReutersNewsAgencyisaninternationalnresagencyheadqutered in London.
It operates in more than 200 cities and offersquick and easy access to hot news in about 200 languages.Translate into Russian:Circulation,EditorialsTo eliminateSuperficialTo hinderCensorshipIlliteracyAllegedlyThe Foreign Office Government appointeesRevenueTo exert pressureTo mergeupdated newsTo overseeObscenityAvailabilityAnswer the questions:1. What does term media include?2. What is the reason why the British continue to buy newspapers?3. Which categories are the national British newspapers divided into?4. Do you know any British newspapers or magazines (journals)?5. What are the main British t.v. channels?6.
What is the BBC service?Cultural life, Customs and TraditionsEvery nation and every country has its own traditions and customs. Traditionsmake a nation special. Some of them are old-fashioned and many people rememberthem, others are part of new people’s life.You cannot really imagine Britain without all her traditions.Some British customs andtraditions are known all over the world..Homes and HousesDo you remember R. Kipling’ famous expression: My home is my castle?Is an English man's home really his castle? 82% of British families prefer to live in theirown houses and only 15% live n a flat. Some typical British homes are the smallest in Europe.The report undertaken by the Centre for Economics & Business Research for Bradford &Bingley reveals British living space per home is 12 percent smaller than the average Spanishhome, 14 percent smaller than in Germany and 16 percent smaller than in France.An Englishman's home is as much his castle is it was 100 years ago, though both the roleand the look of the home are changing.National DressUnfortunately the English don't really have a traditional National Dress as such.
KingHenry VIII got on the act and commissioned an artist called Van Dyck to create an EnglishNational Costume, but this failed.The other peoples , living in the UK have their national costumes. For example, in Scotland thereis a tradition for men to wear kilts on holidays mad from tartan cloth.,Welsh National dress is relatively young and not asfamous as Scottish National dress. Still they do have aNational costume.Forthe ladies the typical Welsh costume consists of a hat,madeof black felt, with a high crown and wide brim, which isworn over a lace cap.With the revival of Irish dancing, the traditional Irishcostume has become associated with the brightflamboyant costumes worn by traditional Irish dancers.British FoodA brief history.
British cuisine has always beenmulticultural, in ancient times influenced by the Romansand in medieval times by the French. When the FrankishNormans invaded, they brought with them the spices of theeast. Sugar came to England at that time, and wasconsidered a spice -- rare and expensive.
For centuries the English aristocracy ate French foodwhich distinguished them from the peasants.What should one know coming to England? First – a typical English breakfast different from thecontinental one, a lunch (from 12 o’clock to 1 o’clock), five-o’clock tea, dinner or supper (6-7o”clock).There are some traditional dishes such as roast beef and Yorkshire pudding, Cornishpasti Wesker.Popular British HolidaysGuy Fawkes Day aka Bonfire Night - November 5 th . This popular British rhyme is oftenPPspoken on Bonfire Night, in memory of the Gunpowder Plot: Remember, remember the 5th ofNovemberGunpowder, treason and plot. I see no reason that gunpowder treasonShouldeverbeforgotten.Guy Fawkes was born in Yorkshire in 1570.
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