А.Н. Кост, Р.С. Сагитуллин, А.П. Терентьев - Упражнения и задачи по органической химии (1125895), страница 8
Текст из файла (страница 8)
Coe.nHlfellHR faKoro ,.Hna H83b1.B3101' notMCTeMe 6 aHepa , a HMeHHO, sbl6HP31OT caMbiA 6onbwoA UHKJI 0 llStUlOfiCTp YKTy pe. Ero aTOMbl HyMep y lOT, lIa'lHHaA C y 3J10DblX , npll'leM ncp BblMaywep y lOT 3TOMbi lIaH60JJee .II,II HHHOro MOCTHKa. n OCJleD.HHMH HYMepylOT8TOMbI. BKyrpe HHero MOCTIiKa . B H33B3HHH yK33hl B31OT llHCJlO UHMOO-'~33{B H3WeM CJlyttae «6mUtKJI~). ttHCJlO aTOtoIOB 8 K3if(.nOtol "3 MOCTHKOB, caeAlHUllOlUHX YSJIOBbie aTOMbl (nepe'lHCJHIIOT MOCTHKH no y6bl8alOU1.eMY 'lHClly 3TOMOS) H, HaKoHeu, 06wee 'lHCJlO yrnepo)l.lIblX aTOM08 8 3TOA 6H1UlK1l1l'lecKOA CHCTeMe'1"]'H-1'H,BH,38,T.
6 .11O6o:SMa-.eMM 4ryHI'QIlOHI "' ''HWII, >I i ~ ).II766w,.. ~ 110 [S, " 0) _S('J'q-<J~m~)<.1- 5TIIOIIoo-COOl<llap(Jol«:H""'"ONI I'JfCAOTl'I-COOR-CI-o.I poK8!JrrIlJlJUl'"@125-l'I"'HIiO- I , 2cyJt~OIl.lUIL ItIlCJtOTl'IJ:1~MTpM./I21HJ••,n16K,3. 4'Tel p l'lrH;lpoxHIIO.lIHIl,lJ,JtR crepoH,nOB, TepneHOlI.ll.OB " HeHOTOphlX JlpyrHx 1U18CC08 Coe.rutHeHHH HCnOJlb3yJOTC}I CnellHaJlbHhle (peflIOH8JlbHble) npaBHn8. TaK, CTepoH!l.bl paCCMaTpH&3IOTCA KaK npoHsBOJUlbie neprHApOUHKJlOneHTau.HaHTpeH3. HYMepYIOTCA see 8TOMhI, KaK llHKJl3, TaK H 6oKOBblX ueneA .CMOWHO~ lIywepauneA no HCTOpH'lCCKH CJI0>KIIBllle....
yCH cncx:06y. A-roMhiyrnepo.na uenO'lKH, npHcoeJlKlleHHOA K Cl7 (TaKHe coe.llHHeHHR THnH'lHbIJLlUI CTepoHAoe), IIYMepylOTCA aHaJJOrH'IHO, npO.ll.OJJ>KaR HYMepaUHlO,HO npe)t(ll.c H)'MepylOTCA WeTHJlbHble rpynl1h1 B nonO>KeHHHX 13 (Cia> HII'y-k·n~~'(&. (1"up6aIlIlAHIITpMJI20Nt-I,10 (C I8 )·KllpOIlIOII..IHlITplUIO8H..J-CH3. ..{;'(\LnItHJlk.pOoKCBJI'T......,-eN-SO. H.il.JHI T8KHX crpYKTYP coxpaliSleTCSI HYMep8uHH 8TOM08, npHHRTaA BapOM8TH'IecKHx ClICTeM.ax.
YSJlOBble aTOMbi HYMepytO'TCA C llOOaBJleHlleMJl8THHCKOA 6YKBbI (HanpllMep sa aTOMON Nt> 4 CJIe)l.yer Y3JlOBOf'I aTOM 4a.Een" c..1e,nYIOIllHA aTOM TO>Ke Y3JlOBOA, TO 08 nonY'lae:r HONep 48).....IIJlKOXCHlllp(joHRJIC. N,,"60 nepl1l'/H1t1'l p6oJroeaJl IlIICllOTI-C<O•mpo.HC-)....u p6aJl.~rIlAo.m'NH-CONH,)l,eurll,llpotlatllTlI,1HU ('jUC' IIIIJIII,.""a.ePI'·DTOOHCoe.AltHeHHAAeKl'IJIHH HJlII...SM IIHq,op"'Hn/Coe.!lHHeliHA C 3aMecTH1"eJI}lMH H33h1BalOT no 06w.HM npaBHJl8M. llnRCClellHHeHHA, KOTOpble RMelOT crpyKTYPY COllJleHeHHhlX WecTlf9BeHHblXKOJIeu H cnocOOHbI 6e3 1!3MelteHHH CKeJIeTa npeapalUaTbCll B apOM8TH'IetIHte crPYKTYPbI, HaSS8UHR crpoSlTCH HCXOD-A H3 H83S3HltA apoMaTH'letKHXHaMHIIO-e<I6.OCCII(IUIJI NlAPC*CII)-CHOII II-..n-..l"Pylm..-Nii.-OH-SHo.qlDlJlO [3, 2, I) <MITAli8 IIr H- It,S41)'111<"'" '"IIIlJYnn no _ _ ayH&pOAII",.
npalll,lUI-' HiKaR npa8 HnO rpyn nbl CH, B MOJleKYJl3X npHpOllHblX crePOH.llOB Uanpa8',IIeHW Ha Ha61110.lL8TeJUI. n YHKTHpOM HapHCOeaHbf Hanpa8JleHIHI C8RSeli ,IJlYlW!x OT Ha6nIOMTeJtH 3a nnOCKOCTb lIepTe>K8. TaKHe H30Mepbl lIaSbfBam :I-H30MepaMH . B AaHHOr.4 CJly'lae 0()03Ha'leHHe I&U rOBopHT 0 TOM,'ITo CTpYKTYpa OTJlH'laeTCSI OT 3nKMepHoro 5 ~ -nperH3I1a H8npaBJtellHeMaUllH Cos C aroMoN BO,nOpO.n,a..\poMaTH'feCKHe yrJleBO.D.opo.D.bI (cape.HW_) H HX npoH3BOnHble. CoeARHeBBR 9TOro Macca Ha3b1BalOT, HCXOllR 1t3 HCTOpltQecKH c..10)Klf8WHXCR..1-RI3saHuil MR IlPOCTci'\WHX crpyK'l:YP (ra6n. 7).
PeKOMeHlI.YeTCR Ha3saI'3ST a6.1 HU 3HI3IIIH •• "n p O IIOJllKehllf'7¢oop .. YM"YIIICpIUIiI. 110,..08 . . _tteAWMX apoMITIII'It<:KIiIX" rC'Tq)OapO"'ITII'W.CIMX CTlIYIIT)"P~3"'J\1MIo:>op .. yJIII... ,'('/\'.~J),,,¢IOp.. y""(Ha4rraJlHH)"1/~J'N,~,~~pAfl Tpauell."7'-"1::,&>('{):Illlen8Tpell<DypaHJv,lXlIllomlll6"/~3CHH WXHHOJIMHN,,0T M.n:U/<nUp830JI4-IoIe1'M JlCTHPD-' IInH.4·NetHncnlptH.)n·loIet llJIC'THpo.!I(KOppeKTltee3, 4-.IIH Ne TOKcltOeIl33J1b.lleM1.11 (OMec'TO.00H)('IIK.p6a.'lbAens~ HCflOJlblyeTC Il Cio.'Ite IlPITItOl' C~H33J1 b·,ll.erHA. 1<t> CH-CH-COOHkOptl'lfllll KHC:JlOTa (3-cjlellfll'lakpnJl08I1I1, ee npoll3·BO.II llble - C11H,U113N8Tbl'),~-COOHCKlkCHCieH30IiMall (paspe.;oeltO npHNeHAn. TpHIIH'm.·floe Huoaollle cCIlJlHUHJJOaa9 KHCJlOTU )'OHO:)NH.H MM.laaonH2-H3¢TllllaMH IIAnKK JlapK JJ KeTOHbI Ha3b1salOT .IlKOO paccMaTpH88H UHKJI KaK 3aMeCTHTeJlb, JlH60 (ecJllI al~lIJ1bflaH rpynna C8A3aHa C HApOM) K8K clX>PM3 JlbHble npOH3BOJUfble KIICJiOT1'-'JvL'CH~O,NnMppo.'1/-'-CH=CH'~?'CHJO-<;-CHOH, ,BeexyrneOO1l,0poJlOfl apoM3TlfliecKoro pHlla OKaH'IHB3Tb CY4$JlKCOM(T.
e. lie «6c1l30.'1' , a «6e113en, : 9TO Tpy,'l.HO BHe)l.PlleTC.SI , HO 9TO norHllHO) . Pa3peWCllO t tCnOJlb30B8Tb TpIlBIf8.'1bHI.>IC H83Salllfll' OCHOll llblX r aMonoroB If npOH3DOAllbiX (TOJIyOJI , KCIfJlOJlbl, 4JeIlOJJ , allilJl" ", TOJI y U,iUfHbIII ,!I,p.) , !{OTOpble CJJY)Ka T OCHOBOH MH nam,'lenOBamtH 6o.Jlee CJI0lKHblXcrp yKTyp.
n o.'10iKeHHe 33MecTllTeJlCI"t y .!1113aMewelllulIx npmI3 B0.!1I1b1X 6cH·SQJJa 0OO3118'18et'CA c nOMOWblO npHCTaBOK orno, MeT8- If napa-,N,' 'IfII.fI"VY.,(}S,nMpHJUUIN'I In ypFIH' ''/'''Nr"•H, ,10<1n'~N,«elf',LlF'•nllpHMH.IIM lI,NF0 ,)N"• •/~M/U~''-(J)o,\tlMlIOJlHIlanD'"~()6eH!KXjlypaHH''#'/~ra:(), /lUeUHNe,lla4rraJl~m¢lopNY.nattuDOllllOTII3.9OJICHa-CH-CO-CH,-CH, 2. 4Je;HHllneIlTanoll·Jt.H.,.C.H,-CD--CHs-CHJ IlponHOCjlenO!l(na3a aHlleKHC./IOTWc OKOH'IIIH UeN.o¢N.'HOIt.
)37:J6IIC.H,CO-CHt--eoc.H.XIIHOHbI paCCMaTpH08IOTCS!Til 'IeeKH X yrneooAopOAOB0_(=>_0KaK npOll3BOAHble COOTBeTCT0YIOlUHX apoMatl·OeH~l'HHotI(TpIUIH,lIb11oe Ha3lliMIte dHlIIOtIt)o,fV"-';>UJ1,2'HaljlTOl'HlIOH (paUHou.m.Hoe HIl9saHlle (O'HII4ITOXHKOO'lCH,CH,-CH 1 ~H.CH,-CH "hp¢lypoJl' -:no,nOBaHO)CH ~-CHJHlIJN'tH,,.pKBlIallbUoe H. 3BaHKe)CH,--&..1.A'.4·nKpHJtKHlCap6oll0BaJI ICHCJlO1"(p.3peweHO " npeA'nO'lTlITenl.ltO HcoOJlb3yeTCli IUI3naHHe CHOOtlHKOTH!IO11111 ICHCJlO'TIJ)2-MeTHnn II PpollKAII8lie.(tta311111Kec2-MeTHmnpa'"l,pOnJlppo.,.pexOMeH.QOBaHO)' N/HCH,--C!--t,'NH'cH -&,&;,nHnePRAHIi (peICOMe:HA08!1fO TpIHHan bHOecl"eKClIrHApoIlHpHAltIU)HlllllllHe,•HeI••N ,N-AH!rtH.,· 2·¢lYP"JlIMHHJj-NIC,H.),HJlMN ,N-AII"-HJI.2-,y,pa tlaNHtl (H.np.18J1eMHe.
HyNcpaIUlH OnpeAeMlIO cpyu .UHOHA.1b1{oA r pynnoi!),OTNH' I NOH ' A:J"lli/CH,/1 '';'cH,2,2,4'TjlHMtTIIJI" ,2'AHrKJlpoxHflonlfllHOKCOC:oeA.HneHHJI rerepoap oMaTH'lecKoro pR.l1a. CYl..LlecTBY'0UUle 80KC()-,• He B OKCH-rpopMe, KMCEOT CJJe.a.ylOtUHe lla3B3HHR:1.3- A1ll1fC'T HJlHHAOJI.,lvU·CHa,1CH,IIV' / ~3382. nHppoJlKII (IU1¢lPa y1C83W8ae"I nOJlO)ICeliHe A8oI1HOA CDA3H .YnOTpe6J!elllle .9Hl<ltcaAlIA noli )ICe uenH Me peICOMl'H ''l,/COOH ,tH,~H, l Hol)Ttl-parH.lIpvtIlYP811 IInlt cJlypaU HAIUIHliKe, It liecnpwe.'0/2,4·llKMeTHnnKppo.n2' ¢!ypa,lbAerHJt (peXOIIIeIlJtyeTC SI H..eKIfO/~2.5·.MMeTHlIOKCUOJl (Huano HyMep!UHII OTro reTepoaTONII ICO 1T0pololy)CoeAAHeKHl'I rerepol..l.llKJlH'lecKoro PS!A21.
KOTOpble qx,PM8JlbHO Moryr6brrb nMY'IeHbI '18CTfPIHblM HJlH nOJIllbiM rHApHpOBaIfHeM COOTBeTCTB)'"fOWHX reTepOapOMaTlilletKHX Coe.a.H HelUiA (crer8peHOBJ), Ka3b1BalOTCS! KaKHX npOH3B0.!1Hble, T. e. YKa3b1BaerClI KOJlH'IecTBO npliCClelIHneHllbiX aTOMOB BOllOPOA3 II HX Me<:TO. .lLn:fI npocreflwux nHTlJIfJleJlHblX CTpyKTyp qacTO npHMeHHIOT Cyq¢HKC «HH~. Qr06b1 0603Ha"lHTb AH rHAj>onpoH380,IlHDe,HJUI CytMmKC «HAMH' lL/IH TeTparH.l1pOnpOHSBOllHblXCHl/"N/ HO -CHO1I I4'N?,?,CII.•.rtTepoUHMH'IecltHe CoeAMHeHHR . npoc:reAWHe reTcpoUHKnHlIeCKHecoeJUtfleHHft lIa3btBalOT TP"BUaJlbHblMH HaHMeliOeaHllftMH (CM.
Ta6Jt. 7).ATOMbi u,HKmllleCKoA CTPYKTYPhl OCiWlIIO H}'MepyfOT, UaqHllafl C re-repcraTOMa, II UK, IlT06hl CJlCAYIOl..LlHn rerepoaToM (ecJllI Oll eeTb B KOJIbue)nMy'llin lIallMellbWll1f HOMep. HnH UK. 'IT'DObI HaHMeHbWlle HOMepa nolIy"lItIlK 3aMecTItTeJtHI I5 0CHIAM(5eM~MIIMe'f3a Mil" I ,3·NI!fJe"MJlnpollaIlJlJlOU·l , 3 8·l'IIttOJlHHo., 11lU( 8'QKCHl'HIIOJIItH1I000HH.)(80lie 'O 'C*CHltH'0-02-nJl~ (1fO lie q·nHpMAOtI_ H He C2.OIlCO·l,2·AJlflUpor1HPII.lHH»)H39.,,n,n YUPAlKHEHll1l3AJIA 'I115-mlp.uo.nou (Il Jl" III1P&lOJIOH-S)~N/ "o.r. • Ii1. UACbTD\EllH"bIF.
(nPEllEJlbH bIE))'r nE BO,IJ;OPOALIJl.,nn nonHOCTblO fHAJ)HpOBaHlIhix CTp yKTyp pa3peWeHO 8 npocreilwHxCJlYQ8HXIlcn OJlb30BaTb c OKpaw.ellll blC HB3S81111fl1-IdeTIlJl -4-nlinepMAOIIO /----"""'N-CH3- '--/1--1"0(60.1ee nOJl lloe Of(Oll'lIl1l He 6bI.10 CiblCItJlKIIOH , )2- n Hp p o.1H.il.OH (UO He u:- n llpIXh1IlAOH.t jN/ HOKca·a38-CMCTeMa. nJiR COC.a.HHCII HH C .zt,.lHHHO H UCnbK) aroMoB , f.llencpC;'[CiKBiOTCfl aTOMbi y r Jlepo.!l3 \I f e-repoaTOMbl, .'11160 AJlA MHor03Belllfl>lXLUIKJlOB c UecKOJibKllMH rerepOBTO,\IBMII K.'J BCCII'IecK u e cnoc06bl nocrpoe·l UlU IIB3aaHllfi OKa3b1SBIOTCH u enpllfOltllblMIf. B 3THX C.'1Y'lBRX pa 3 peUl e HOIIc nQJI b30BaTb cOKCB -il3a -CIlCTeMY' .
KOTOpaH paCCMBTpIlSBt'1' crpyKTY PblBll aqa .tlc KB K COCTOR lif.IIC 113 0.!1110P0)tllbiX <trOMon (YCJJOBIIO C'lH TBn fCTCpoa TO ~1t.ol 33 aro:o.lbl yr.1ep0.<l,a), a laTe).! Y}f(e o6cmfa'taer MC<:TO ferep oaroMa, nOCTBBJlCHHOrO liMe C T 0 a TOM a y r .., e p 0 .Il. a ( B KJlaCCIf 'l e<:·KIIX IIOMeH KlIB Typax 3aMecTllTeJlb CTanOBHTCR BMecTO aTOM a B0110po~a).3.~eMellT3M aalOTCR Ha3BaHIUI: KIICJlO PO.ll. - «OKCaJ, cepa - «TH3> , a3QT«a3a - , CPOCcJ!op - «$oc$l:t 11 T.
A.1.1,yrJleBOJ10pOllon: 4 HJ!. C,H 1"C8H J8 •RBJlRIOTCR npe.D.eJIbHblMH?1.2. HanllWIl Te MOJlel<YJlRpHhle cJ!oPMYJlbI n pe.lleJlbHhl X y rJIeBo..1.0pOllOB,coD.ep~Ul.HX 9, 11 I[ 40 aTOMOB y r nepo,!l,a.1.3. ' HanllWH Te crpyKTypHblC ct>oPMyn!.l BCex B03MO)f{HhiX HWMCpOH6YTlIIS, nCHTalla, re.KcaHa.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
