10 Общее повторение (1098549)

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X. ОБЩЕЕ ПОВТОРЕНИЕ

1. Повторение страдательного залога и неличных форм глагола

Упражнение Переведите следующие предложения:

1. Evaporation is known to go on more rapidly the warmer
   and drier the surrounding air is.

2. The amount of polonium to be obtained from a uranium
   mineral can be simply calculated.

3. Gold, the least active metal, is slowly attacked by fused
   nitrates and alkali metals, forming aurates, e. g. KAuO2.

4. Hydrogen is far more volatile than oxygen because of
   its having a much smaller specific weight.

5. We may suppose the alpha particles within the nucleus
   to be in motion.

1. The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot
   measure it by ordinary means.

2. The experimental work was done on alkali metal film
   reported to be one atom thick.

3. The equivalent weight of radium has been determined
   and found to be 113.

4. Except where otherwise expressly stated, the foregoing
   values are given in the centimeter — gram — second system
   of units.

1. The photoelectrons do not, in general, all succeed in
   reaching the anode.

1. To produce a precipitate we must meet two conditions.

1. There is believed to be three distinct oxides of iodine,
   their formulae being J2O4, J4O5 and JO4

1. Increased temperature makes a gas expand.

203

1. The potential barrier is too high for electrons to go
   through.

2. The alkali metals are remarkable for being so light
   as to float on water.

3. Many volumetric determinations depend upon the
   oxidation or reduction of the substance to be determined.

17. The isolation of radium followed by many important investigations made on other previously unknown elements proved to be of greatest importance.

1. Water being denser than air, rays are refracted towards
   the perpendicular.

2. We may assume the electrons in an atom to revolve
   about the nucleus with sufficient velocities to keep them
   from being drawn into the nucleus by the attraction of the
   positive charge of the nucleus.

3. Unless otherwise specified, the charts and tables are
   for a perfect gas with a ratio of specific heats (k) of 1.4.

1. The reason for having the iron in thin laminations
   rather than in a solid chunk is to prevent induced currents
   being set up in the iron itself, due to the changing flux
   through it.

2. In elaborating his wave theory Fresnel — to repeat
   my earlier observation — had made use of the idea of an
   elastic ether of such kind as to be able to transmit only
   transverse vibrations.

1. Another theory assumes heated gases from the interior
   bursting through the crust of the Moon as great bubles.

2. The compounds potassium perchloride and potassium
   permanganate are alike in solubility and crystalline form, and
   in being strong oxidizing agents.

2. Повторение страдательного залога,

неличных форм глагола и сослагательного наклонения

Упражнение

Переведите следующие предложения:

1. Under the conditions described the reaction would proceed only with difficulty.

2. The electrons were looked upon as being merely minute corpuscles.

3. Let me now explain the way in which a wave is to be imagined.

204

1. Joule determined the mechanical equivalent of heat to
   equal 4.189 J/cal.

2. Were the intensity of all the beams alike, we should
   get an opposite result.

6. Each of these procedures has been followed in a few researches.

1. If there were no air, the stone and the piece of paper
   would fall together.

2. Johnson has found the effect to be much greater at
   higher than at lower altitudes.

3. All these elements are radioactive, their atoms being
   unstable and undergoing spontaneous disintegration.

1. The amount of scattering to be expected on the basis
   of the formula given above was computed by Einstein.

2. In particular the author would like to thank L. Apker
   for many valuable suggestions.

3. Work is the result of energy, the latter usually being
   defined as capacity for doing work.

13. With respect to size several stars have been found to be many million times the size of the sun.

14. The heating elements can be easily exchanged, should the need arise.

15. The reader is asked to overlook a slight degree of repetitions inevitable in such a book as this.

16. He was the first to determine the exact weight proportions of the components of water.

17. Once formed, bubbles rise because of the vapour being less dense than the liquid in which it is suspended. 18. Were the Earth stationary, the movements of the atmosphere would be controlled almost entirely by temperature differences.

1. Other conditions being equal, the temperature remains
   the same.

2. It seems reasonable that the relations found to hold
   so well for these films should be true in general.

3. The gas to be tested is enclosed in a long glass tube.

4. The work of Rutherford followed by great research
   work of many other scientists is known to every physicist.

5. Simple substances consist of atoms, each substance
   having its own special kind of atom.

24. Electrons can be made to travel at very high speeds.

205

1. The question is how closely these data represent the
   results likely to be obtained in practice.

2. Special honour belongs to Thomson in having first
   formulated a theory to connect these matters as early as 1904.

27. See that the various parts of the electrometer be
connected so as to have definite relative potentials.

28. The relationship that should exist between observations and their interpretation is one that has not always been clearly defined.

29. There is every reason to believe that if one could
obtain an absolutely pure gas, an ion in this gas would have
a unique mobility.

30. For difraction patterns to show themselves, it is
necessary that the width of the slit employed should be of
the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the light.

31. If the air molecules were stationary we should expect
the smoke particles to remain stationary also.

32. A mere list of the numerous applications which have been proposed and written about would provide material for a full chapter.

33. To shorten the experiment, it is suggested that only logarithmic plots for each point be made and the approximate space potentials be determined.

34. Upon classical theory the frequency of emitted
radiation would be expected to be equal to the orbital
frequency of revolution, the conception here introduced being
quite different.

35. With the Earth gradually solidifying from a fluid
condition, the heavier substances would be expected to sink
toward the center, while the lighter would tend to float upon
the surface.

3. Повторение страдательного залога,

неличных форм глагола, сослагательного наклонения и эмфазы

Упражнение Переведите следующие предложения:

I

1. The figures which are given are the times for half of the substance to decay.

206

1. The simplest colouring atom to consider is the cobalt
   ion.

2. It was not until the 19th century that heat was proved
   to be a form of energy.

3. Some gaseous reacions are not at all influenced by
   change in pressure.

4. It is sometimes difficult to predict what sort of material
   is likely to prove suitable for the purpose in mind.

5. It is the purpose of the chapter to discuss the ionization
   and expansion chamber.

7. It is only the water that appears to be decomposed.
8. This procedure is followed in all methods of positive

ray analysis.

9. If the molecules of a gas are widely separated they
must be in motion. Otherwise they would settle out.

1. The property of hindering the flow of electricity is
   called electrical resistance than the shorter one.

2. Never has a better oscillator been designed.

3. Unfortunately, this idea, attractive as it is by its very
   simplicity, appears incapable of being sustained.

4. Valves prevent gases from reaching high pressure.

5. Wax is not a crystal. Nor is glass crystalline.

6. It is with the cyclotron that this book is concerned.

7. These relations are found to follow certain perfectly
   definite rules.

8. The electron acted on by the field receives acceleration,

9. These experiments enable comparison to be made of
   the effect of individual ions.

10. The chemist wants the reaction to go as nearly to
    completion as possible.

11. The circles on Figure 7 indicate the incorrect potentials
    which would have been assigned using the old single probe
    method.

1. There seems to be no room for many additional
   positive ions coming from the negative glow.

2. It was not until Roentgen discovered his mysterious
   rays that many diseases could be easily diagnosed.

3. That normal gas does conduct somewhat was proved
   simultaneously by Wilson and Geitel.

4. The efficiency of this process results in the surface
   atoms being in a high-energy state.

207

25. No sooner did he replace the first valve than the
second ceased to conduct.

1. But, admirable as were his (Huyghens's) labours, they
   did not command universal assent.

2. These data are sufficient to be able to build up a
   mathematical theory.

II

28. It was Rutherford and Soddy who first proposed a
general theory of radioactive transformation.

1. R is some range, yet to be defined, of electrons
   produced by quanta of energy W.

2. The chamber need not be clean, nor the illumination
   as intense for alpha tracks as for electron tracks.

3. Difficulties in observation make the facts upon which
   scientific laws are based less certain than we would like them
   to be.

4. For the experiments I am about to describe, we want
   a compass and a "bar" magnet.

5. The particular higher-order waves mentioned earlier
   in this chapter are but special cases of a much more general
   phenomenon about to be described.

6. Fortunately copper is widely distributed, its ores being
   oxides and the carbonate.

7. Not all the light striking the water surface is reflected,
   for some of it enters the water and is said to be refracted.
   V 36. None of the above laws is followed by any of the
   permanent gases quite rigorously.

1. If the pressure were reduced sufficiently the positive
   column v/ould disappear entirely and the Crooks dark space,
   its boundaries becoming more and more indistinct, would
   gradually fill the entire tube.

2. If и is a wave-function, so also in du/dt since the
   wave-equation is a linear equation with constant coefficients.

3. Simple forms of these oscillations which do not depend
   on a magnetic being present for their existence were first
   predicted and observed by Tonks and Langmuir.

4. The survey does not appear to have been published,
   nor did Dr. Ulrich indicate in his recent lecture how expensive
   was the analysis to which he referred.

208

1. In this work clear proof was given that penetrating
   showers do contain ionizing penetrating particles.

2. The five discontinuities shown to exist in the M region
   are due to the five sublevels in the shell.

43. Were one to ignore the weak reflection at
approximately 10° and judge solely by the strong peak at
approximately 20° one would assign to NaCI a simple cubic
structure similar to КСI.

1. The additional energy possessed by the photoelectron
   after being torn from the atom is graduelly dissipated through
   the formation of a multitude of low energy ions along its
   path.

2. It is from such crystal measurements that all early
   values of X-ray wavelengths were determined.

у 46. General rules predicting the direction in which a process is influenced by outer forces are very desirable from a practical point of view.

III

47. Needless to say, the examination of unetched surface
should be followed by etching and further examination.

48. In liquid alloys there will always be some
decomposition however large the energy of dissociation may be.

49. In each case the symbol is followed by a superscript indicating the valence.

1. The tracer technique can be employed to follow the
   process of electroplating.

2. There was no general argument as to the nature of
   radiation; neither was there any convincing evidence as to the energy associated with the radiation.

3. Unfortunately the analysis now to be given will show
   that the assumption would not be a legitimate one.

4. Notice that in this case it would be green rays which
   would be doing the work of blackening the plate.

5. Only chemicals known to be chemically pure should
   be used.

6. If we were to remove one electron by some means,
   a net positive charge would be left.

56. Besides having confirmed certain consequences of
Nernst's theory of electrolytic solution pressures, the results

209

of this investigation have led to the solution of another important problem.

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