Т.В. Артеменко, Е.В. Кривощекова, Е.В. Кравченко, Н.Е. Николаева - Reader in Language and Culture (1098538), страница 13
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He wrote freelance journalism and visited the woundedat New York-area hospitals. He then traveled to Washington, D.C. inDecember 1862 to care for his brother who had been wounded in the war.Overcome by the suffering of the many wounded in Washington, Whitmandecided to stay and work in the hospitals.
Whitman stayed in the city foreleven years. He took a job as a clerk for the Department of the Interior,which ended when the Secretary of the Interior, James Harlan, discoveredthat Whitman was the author of Leaves of Grass, which Harlan foundoffensive. Harlan fired the poet.Whitman struggled to support himself through most of his life. InWashington he lived on a clerk's salary and modest royalties, and spent anyexcess money, including gifts from friends, to buy supplies for the patientshe nursed. He had also been sending money to his widowed mother and an85invalid brother. From time to time writers both in the states and in Englandsent him "purses" of money so that he could get by.In the early 1870s, Whitman settled in Camden, where he had come tovisit his dying mother at his brother's house.
However, after suffering astroke, Whitman found it impossible to return to Washington. He stayedwith his brother until the 1882 publication of Leaves of Grass gaveWhitman enough money to buy a home in Camden. In the simple two-storyclapboard house, Whitman spent his declining years working on additionsand revisions to a new edition of the book and preparing his final volume ofpoems and prose, Good-Bye, My Fancy (1891). After his death on March26, 1892, Whitman was buried in a tomb he designed and had built on a lotin Harleigh Cemetery.O Captain My Captain!O Captain my Captain! our fearful trip is done,The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But O heart! heart! heart!O the bleeding drops of red,Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;Rise up--for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths for you the shores a-crowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here Captain! dear father!86This arm beneath your head!It is some dream that on the deck,You've fallen cold and dead.My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult O shores, and ring O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.Gilbert Keith ChestertonGilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936) was a prolific English critic andauthor of verse, essays, novels, and short stories.
He is probably best known for hisseries about the priest-detective Father Brown who appeared in 50 stories. Between1900 and 1936 Chesterton published some one hundred books.G.K. Chesterton was born in London into a middle-class family on May 29,1874. He studied at University College and the Slade School of Art (1893-96).Around 1893 he had gone through a crisis of skepticism and depression and duringthis period he experimented with the Ouija board and grew fascinated withdiabolism. In 1895 Chesterton left University College without a degree and workedfor the London publisher Redway, and T. Fisher Unwin (1896-1902).
Chestertonlater renewed his Christian faith; the courtship of his future wife, Frances Blogg,whom he married in 1901 also helped him to pull himself out of his spiritual crisis.In 1900 appeared Greybeards At Play, Chesterton's first collection of poems.Robert Browning (1903) and Charles Dickens (1906) were literary biographies.87The Napoleon Of Notting Hill (1904) was Chesterton's first novel, a politicalfantasy, in which London is seen as a city of hidden fairytale glitter.
In The ManWho Was Thursday (1908) Chesterton depicted fin-de-siècle decadence.In 1909 Chesterton moved with his wife to Beaconsfield, a village twentyfive miles west of London, and continued to write, lecture, and travel energetically.Between 1913 and 1914 Chesterton was a regular contributor for the Daily Herald.In 1914 he suffered a physical and nervous breakdown. After World War IChesterton became leader of the Distributist movement and later the President ofthe Distributist League, promoting the idea that private property should be dividedinto smallest possible freeholds and then distributed throughout society..In 1922 Chesterton was converted from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism,and thereafter he wrote several theologically oriented works, including lives ofFrancis of Assisi and Thomas Aquinas.
He received honorary degrees fromEdinburgh, Dublin, and Notre Dame universities. Chesterton died on June 14,1936, at his home in Beaconsfield.Gold LeavesLo! I am come to autumn,When all the leaves are gold;Grey hairs and golden leaves cry outThe year and I are old.In youth I sought the prince of men,Captain in cosmic wars,Our Titan, even the weeds would showDefiant, to the stars.But now a great thing in the street88Seems any human nod,Where shift in strange democracyThe million masks of God.In youth I sought the golden flowerHidden in wood or wold,But I am come to autumn,When all the leaves are gold.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834), English lyrical poet, critic, andphilosopher, whose Lyrical Ballads,(1798) written with William Wordsworth,started the English Romantic movement.Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in Ottery St Mary, Devonshire, as theyoungest son of the vicar of Ottery St Mary. After his father's death Coleridge wassent away to Christ's Hospital School in London.
He also studied at Jesus College.In Cambridge Coleridge met the radical, future poet laureate Robert Southey. Hemoved with Southey to Bristol to establish a community, but the plan failed. In1795 he married the sister of Southey's fiancée Sara Fricker, whom he did notreally love.Coleridge's collection Poems On Various Subjects was published in 1796,and in 1797 appeared Poems. In the same year he began the publication of a shortlived liberal political periodical The Watchman. He started a close friendship withDorothy and William Wordsworth, one of the most fruitful creative relationships inEnglish literature.
From it resulted Lyrical Ballads, which opened with Coleridge's"Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and ended with Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey".These poems set a new style by using everyday language and fresh ways oflooking at nature.89The brothers Josiah and Thomas Wedgewood granted Coleridge an annuityof 150 pounds, thus enabling him to pursue his literary career.
Disenchanted withpolitical developments in France, Coleridge visited Germany in 1798-99 withDorothy and William Wordsworth, and became interested in the works ofImmanuel Kant. He studied philosophy at Göttingen University and mastered theGerman language. At the end of 1799 Coleridge fell in love with Sara Hutchinson,the sister of Wordsworth's future wife, to whom he devoted his work "Dejection:An Ode" (1802).
During these years Coleridge also began to compile hisNotebooks, recording the daily meditations of his life. In 1809-10 he wrote andedited with Sara Hutchinson the literary and political magazine The Friend. From1808 to 1818 he gave several lectures, chiefly in London, and was considered thegreatest of Shakespearean critics.
In 1810 Coleridge's friendship with Wordsworthcame to a crisis, and the two poets never fully returned to the relationship they hadearlier.Suffering from neuralgic and rheumatic pains, Coleridge had becomeaddicted to opium. During the following years he lived in London, on the verge ofsuicide. He found a permanent shelter in Highgate in the household of Dr. JamesGillman, and enjoyed an almost legendary reputation among the youngerRomantics. During this time he rarely left the house.In 1816 the unfinished poems "Christabel" and "Kubla Khan" werepublished, and next year appeared "Sibylline Leaves".
According to the poet,"Kubla Khan" was inspired by a dream vision. His most important productionduring this period was the Biographia Literaria(1817). After 1817 Coleridgedevoted himself to theological and politico-sociological works. Coleridge waselected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1824. He died in Highgate,near London on July 25, 1834.Youth And AgeVerse, a breeze 'mid blossoms straying,90Where Hope clung feeding, like a beeBoth were mine! Life went a-mayingWith Nature, Hope, and Poesy,When I was young!When I was young? Ah, woeful When!Ah! for the change 'twixt Now and Then!This breathing house not built with hands,This body that does me grievous wrong,O'er aery cliffs and glittering sandsHow lightly then it flashed along,Like those trim skiffs, unknown of yore,On winding lakes and rivers wide,That ask no aid of sail or oar,That fear no spite of wind or tide!Nought cared this body for wind or weatherWhen Youth and I lived in't together.Flowers are lovely; Love is flower-like;Friendship is a sheltering tree;O the joys! that came down shower-like,Of Friendship, Love, and Liberty,Ere I was old!Ere I was old? Ah woeful Ere,Which tells me, Youth's no longer here!O Youth! for years so many and sweet'Tis known that Thou and I were one,I'll think it but a fond conceitIt cannot be that Thou art gone!Thy vesper-bell hath not yet tolledAnd thou wert aye a masker bold!91What strange disguise hast now put on,To make believe that thou art gone?I see these locks in silvery slips,This drooping gait, this altered size:But Springtide blossoms on thy lips,And tears take sunshine from thine eyes:Life is but Thought: so think I willThat Youth and I are housemates still.Dew-drops are the gems of morning,But the tears of mournful eve!Where no hope is, life's a warningThat only serves to make us grieveWhen we are old:That only serves to make us grieveWith oft and tedious taking-leave,Like some poor nigh-related guestThat may not rudely be dismist;Yet hath out-stayed his welcome while,And tells the jest without the smile.John DonneJohn Donne (1572-1631) was the most outstanding of the EnglishMetaphysical Poets and a churchman famous for his spellbinding sermons.Donne was born in London to a prominent Roman Catholic family butconverted to Anglicanism during the 1590s.
At the age of 11 he entered theUniversity of Oxford, where he studied for three years. According to someaccounts, he spent the next three years at the University of Cambridge but took no92degree at either university. He began the study of law at Lincoln's Inn, London, in1592, and he seemed destined for a legal or diplomatic career. Donne wasappointed private secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton, Keeper of the Great Seal, in1598.
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