О.И. Сафроненко, C.Ю. Резникова - Учебно-методическое пособие - In the Biology Lab (1098528), страница 2
Текст из файла (страница 2)
As you do the experiment, make an effort tocorrelate the behavior of the apparatus and/or specimen investigated with thematerial discussed in lecture. Pay special attention to the lab safety rules, preparingsolvents and specimens for your tests and experiments.Keep your mind open to the possibilities of the experiment.
Constantly askyourself such questions as: Why do we do it this way? What would happen if wedid it another way? What does this test show or prove?A student must realize that laboratory work has applications outside thelaboratory. For instance, laboratory tests on microbial processes showed that theycan be managed effectively to enhance the degradation of harmful pollutants,produce valuable products from waste. The experiments on genome sequencingallowed producing better vaccines, diagnosing diseases more quickly anddeveloping treatment against cancer and Aszgaimer’s disease.
There are, of course,innumerable other examples.Writing laboratory reports is a significant part of your professional training.Speaking and writing are the most important tools of the experimentalist. Learn tohandle them well. Your report should be well-organized, accurate, clear, concise,and easy to read. Since you will have to write reports anyway, while you’re doing them try to improve your command of your native language. Do not try to impress9the reader with your own learning but write as if you were trying to explain thematter to an intelligent personal friend.
Ability to express oneself clearly isextremely important for the professional man, even if a few people may tell youotherwise.3. Mark the statements below T for ‘true’ or F for ‘false’. Correct the false ones and expand on the true ones.a) The laboratory work in biology is always boring.()b) You are unlikely to discover something new during your lab work. ( )c) It is the lab work that gives you skills in the use of scientific instrumentsand techniques. ( )d) If you follow all the instructions during the lab work you will never beable to try out your own ideas. ( )e) Studying a laboratory manual is optional and not very helpful.()f) A professional man’s scientific or technical laboratory reports should bebrief and easy to understand.
( )DiscussAgree or disagree with the following statements. Give reasons. Make use of thefunctional language in the box below.You should regard a laboratory as a place for intellectual exploration.A student must realize that laboratory work has applications outside thelaboratory.When doing lab work students’ initiative is not encouraged.Writing laboratory reports is a significant part of your professional training.10Functional language: Agreeing and disagreeingOpinionsAgreeingDisagreeingI think (that)… In my opinion… As for me…Absolutely/ Right/ That‛s right/ I agree/ You‛re rightI know, but… I take/see your point, but…I‛m not sure… That‛s not true…Focus on language1. Translate these words into your native language.
Use a dictionary to checkyour translation.coursemanualaccurateintelligent directivity exampleInternational words vs. “False friends”The words mostly of Greek and Latin origin that are used in many other languagesespecially in different areas of science and technology are called international words, e.g.geometry, atom, mathematics, radio, integral, theorem, structure, etc.Knowledge of such words helps a lot in reading and translation.However, there are the so called ‘false friends”. These are words that look like international but have different meanings in English and in Russian:e.g.
a list (a series of names, items, figures, etc), actual (real, existing in fact, etc), etc.2. Sort out the words below into categories. Check their meaning in adictionary to avoid mistakes.International words“False Friends”lectureaccurate11lectureform accurate technology magazinelogic mixtureactualrepetition intelligenttechniquelampactivitytransparentpriorityguarantee typemenuexampleclayfocussodiumtestapplicationprobeproblemoriginallistvibration physiciansystemprospectfactparagraphcategoryfabric metaldata encyclopediafamiliaruniqueListening1. Listen to a lab instructor telling students about the laboratory work classesthey will do during the semester. Answer the questions.a) How many lab work classes will students do during the semester?b) What are students required to do after performing experiments?c) Which day of the week should lab reports be turned in?d) In what case can students get a lower grade for their report?e) What two methods are students going to explore when doing the labs?f) Which method helps to learn data analysis skills and basic laboratoryskills?g) How many times can students be excused for being absent from the labclass?2.
Choose the correct word from the box to fill in the gaps in the extract below.Listen to part 2 of the talk to check your guesses.graphsexperienceto evaluateprocedurenaturereports12activelyto includeto shareinformationIn all aspects of this class you will be investigating the 1) _______ ofscience. I believe that the best way to do this is through hands-on 2) _______ andlaboratory activities. The lab is a place for you to 3) _______ engage in the processof “SCIENCE”. Along with this goes the importance of writing a laboratory report.The lab report is not only the time for you 4) _______ the results discovered duringexperimentation, but it is also an opportunity for you to analyze your 5) _______,and 6) _______ any mistakes you may have made.
Remember that science isimperfect - we learn new 7) _______ by trying out new things and continuing toask questions outside the classroom. In this class, lab 8) _______ must always beword processed. Figures and 9) _______ should be generated on the computer andmust 10) _______ a title and units.3. Listen to the rest of the talk about the procedure of writing a lab report. Asyou listen, mark the components of the report in the order the speakermentions them.__ Materials__ Introduction/Purpose__ Conclusions__ Discussion/Analysis__ Methods__ Results__ Title__ Figures and Graphs4.
Listen again and take notes on the key elements of each section.5. Sum up the information you have heard in your own words.DiscussComment on the statements:When in doubt, leave it out!13You can’t explain something to someone else if you don’t understand ityourself.Focus on languageModal verbs and their meaningThe main modal verbs are must, can, could, may, might, should, ought to.Most of the meanings of all these modal verbs can be divided into two groups:obligation and freedom to act, prohibition or permission and ability.e.g.
You must know how to solve this equation in order to pass your exam.degrees of certainty (modal verbs can be used to say that a situation is certain, probable,possible or impossible)e.g. You must be very clever if you know how to solve this equation.1. Identify the function of the modal verbs.CertaintyProbabilityProhibitionImpossibilityPossibilityPermissionObligationAbilitya) I can speak English and German fluently.b) He must be right, he's an expert in this area.c) You can’t work with the device without protection goggles.d) She could observe this rare phenomenon, but I doubt it.e) Now that your classes are over, you may look for a holiday job if youlike.f) We ought to take all the necessary measurements tomorrow.g) Your hypothesis couldn't be proved without experiment.h) I’ve done my test. May I go now?i) You must remember to get a lab manual before the lab class.j) If your report is not well-organized, clear and accurate you may get alower grade or may be asked to rewrite it.14Speaking1.How often do you work in the lab?2.Have you ever had an accident there? What happened?3.Which lab safety rules do you have to keep to? Why?follow all written andverbal instructionscarefullyuse laboratory glassware ascontainers for food or beveragesread all proceduresthoroughly beforeentering the laboratoryset up and use the equipment asdirected by your teacherany kind of clothes andshoes are acceptable.No lab coat is requiredduring the experimentinterfere with the laboratoryexperiments of othersreport any accident (spill,breakage, etc.) or injury(cut, burn, etc.) to theteacher immediatelyplace hot apparatus directly onthe laboratory desk if there is noan insulated padlook into a container thatis being heateduse equipment with carefor the purpose for whichit is intendedhandle broken glass withbare handsfool around in the labuse your mouth for pipettingsubstancesget the instructor's permissionbefore you try something originalbiological waste should beplaced in the appropriate wastecontainerwhen working with a BunsenBurner do not reach over theflame or pass items across a labdesk4.
Work in small groups. Discuss and sort out the things you should do andthings you shouldn’t do when working in the lab under the headings.Do’sDon’ts__________________________________________________________________________________________5. What else could you add to these lists? Hold a cross-groups discussion andcompare your lists.15Reading1. Label the pictures and give a definition to the devices.1___________2____________a) Bunsen Burner3_____________b) microscopec) petri dish4_____________d) magnifying glassDo you use them at your biology lab classes?What other instruments and devices do you use in your universitylaboratories? How are they applied?2. Look at the words in the box. What partsof speech are they? Check if you knowtheir meaning.
Use a dictionary ifnecessary.Study helpYou should be able to recognizethe different parts of speech.Knowing the different parts ofspeech will help in improving yoursentence structure, identifyingunfamiliar words and improveyour overall English level.improvementslenssurfacethree dimensionalreflectionrefractivemagnificationfinesttransmissionelectron-sensitivefocalfocusedcurvatureenlargedmicroscopyelectronsscanningpreparation163. Complete the text using the words in the box.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
