Анализ, классификация и прогноз свойств гумусовых кислот (1098260), страница 25
Текст из файла (страница 25)
Qbke_ggu_ agZq_gbybkdhfuo iZjZf_ljh\ K/O, C/H b (N+S)/C khklZ\beb b khhl\_lkl\_gghGZhkgh\Zgbbkh[kl\_gguo=eZ\Zbebl_jZlmjguo^Zgguo[Schnitzer and Khan, 1972; Stevenson, 1982; Hjeh\ 1990@ ih jZkij_^_e_gbxdbkehjh^Z \ khklZ\_ nmgdpbhgZevguo ]jmii kj_^gb_ agZq_gby HArOH/O bHCOOH/O ijbgbfZeb jZ\gufb b khhl\_lkl\_ggh <_ebqbgZjZkkqblZggh]h^eymdZaZggh]hgZ[hjZ^Zgguo∆KdhdZaZeZkv[ebadZdgmex–0.0022). Wlh^Z_lhkgh\Zgbyij_^iheZ]Zlvqlh\\u[jZgguomkeh\byoZgZebaZwe_dljhklZlbq_kdb_ b Z^khj[pbhggu_ \aZbfh^_ckl\by ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl k]_e_f ijZdlbq_kdb iheghklvx kdhfi_gkbjh\Zgu Ke_^h\Zl_evghihebf_jZfb fZdkbfZevgh [ebadbfb ]mfmkh\uf dbkehlZf ih k\h_fmojhfZlh]jZnbq_kdhfm ih\_^_gbx \ \u[jZgguo mkeh\byo ZgZebaZ y\eyxlkyg_bhgh]_ggu_I>bebIW=IjbgbfZy\h\gbfZgb_qlh]mfmkh\u_dbkehlu\\h^ghf jZkl\hj_ bf_xl dhgnhjfZpbx klZlbklbq_kdh]h dem[dZ Z g_\ulygmlhc iZehqdb [Swift, 1989] lh bkihevah\Zgb_ I> \ dZq_kl\_ h[jZapZij_^klZ\ey_lky[he__ij_^ihqlbl_evgufGZ hkgh\Zgbb ihemq_gguo j_amevlZlh\ jZkq_l \k_o fhe_dmeyjghfZkkh\uo oZjZdl_jbklbd ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ijh\h^beb k bkihevah\Zgb_fdZeb[jh\hqghcaZ\bkbfhklbihI>5.3 OZjZdl_jbklbdZfhe_dmeyjgh-fZkkh\h]hkhklZ\Zbkke_^h\Zgguoij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehl>ey h[jZ[hldb wdkdexabhgguo ojhfZlh]jZff ]mfmkh\uo dbkehlbkihevah\Zeb hjb]bgZevgmx ijh]jZffm ³Geltreat” dhlhjZy iha\hey_lijh\h^blv dZd i_j\bqgmx h[jZ[hldm djb\uo wexbjh\Zgby – dhjj_dpbxgme_\hc ebgbb k]eZ`b\Zgb_ lZd b jZkkqblu\Zlv dZeb[jh\hqgmxaZ\bkbfhklv FFJ b _]h qbke_ggu_ ^_kdjbilhju Baeh`_gbx ijbgylh]h \jZ[hl_ ih^oh^Z d jZkq_lm ^_kdjbilhjh\ FFJ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ihk\ys_gZ183khhl\_lkl\mxsZyim[ebdZpby[Kudryavtsev et al., 2000].Hkgh\gh_gh\r_kl\hkhklhbl \ lhf qlh ^ey ihemq_gby ^_lZevghc bgnhjfZpbb h ki_pbnbd_ FFkhklZ\Z]mfmkh\uodbkehlgZjy^mkljZ^bpbhggufboZjZdl_jbklbdZfbFFJ–kj_^gbfb FF Mn, Mw, Mz) b iheb^bki_jkghklvx Mw/Mn, Mz/Mw),jZkkqblu\Zeb lZd`_ iZjZf_lju oZjZdl_jbamxsb_ nhjfm ojhfZlh]jZffu \rdZe_ Kd k ihfhsvx f_lh^Z klZlbklbq_kdbo fhf_glh\ [Belenki andVilenchik, 1983].
< hlebqb_ hl mdZaZgguo oZjZdl_jbklbd FFJ hkgh\guf^hklhbgkl\hf dhlhjuo y\ey_lky nmg^Zf_glZevghklv iZjZf_lju djb\hcwexbjh\Zgby]hjZa^h[he__ki_pbnbqgu^eydZ`^h]hdhgdj_lgh]hij_iZjZlZl_ h[eZ^Zxl [hevr_c ^bkdjbfbgbjmxs_c kihkh[ghklvx Djhf_ lh]h hgb[he__ lhqgu lZd dZd bkdexqZ_lky ijhp_^mjZ i_j_kq_lZ jZkij_^_e_gby q_j_adZeb[jh\hqgmx aZ\bkbfhklv Bo g_^hklZldhf y\ey_lky aZ\bkbfhklv hl lbiZojhfZlh]jZnbq_kdhc kbkl_fu gZ dhlhjhc [ue \uiheg_g ZgZeba lh _klv\_kvfZ h]jZgbq_ggZy ³i_j_ghkbfhklv´ gZ ^jm]b_ mkeh\by Ohlyijh^_fhgkljbjh\ZggZy \ur_ ohjhrZy \hkijhba\h^bfhklv ojhfZlh]jZffihemq_gguo^eyij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehlgZjZaguoojhfZlh]jZnbq_kdbodhehgdZoaZiheg_gguoh^gbfbl_f`_]_e_fjbk 5.2),ihdZau\Z_l \hafh`ghklv bkihevah\Zlv wlb iZjZf_lju ih djZcg_c f_j_ \ij_^_eZoh^gh]h]_ey>eyoZjZdl_jbklbdbdjb\hcwexbjh\ZgbyjZkkqblu\Zebkj_^gb_ Kd [(Kd)n, (Kd)w b (Kd)z], gZqZevgu_ bp_gljZevgu_fhf_glu(m2, m3,m4, cm2, cm3, cm4), dhwnnbpb_glZkbff_ljbb:)bwdkp_kk?).
Ihfbfhnhjfudjb\hc oZjZdl_jbah\Zeb lZd`_ jZkij_^_e_gb_ iehsZ^b ih^ djb\hcjZkkqblu\Zyd\ZglbebQ) biZjpbZevgu_bgl_]jZeu(I). Kibkhdh[hagZq_gbcbfZl_fZlbq_kdb_nhjfmeu^eyjZkq_lZ^_kdjbilhjh\fhe_dmeyjgh-fZkkh\h]hkhklZ\Zijb\_^_gu\lZ[e 5.1.>ey ihemq_gby ^_kdjbilhjh\ dhlhju_ [u khq_lZeb \ k_[_ dZdnmg^Zf_glZevghklv lZd b \ukhdmx ^bkdjbfbgbjmxsmx kihkh[ghklv \gZr_c jZ[hl_ \i_j\u_ [ue hkms_kl\e_g jZkq_l jZkij_^_e_gby wnn_dlb\guodhwnnbpb_glh\ ih]ehs_gby ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ih fhe_dmeyjguf fZkkZfhkgh\Zgguc gZ kh\f_klghc h[jZ[hld_ \uoh^guo ^Zgguo ^_l_dlhjh\ MNih]ehs_gby b hj]Zgbq_kdh]h m]e_jh^Z K JZa\blb_ lZdh]h ih^oh^Z klZeh\hafh`guf [eZ]h^Zjy g_khfg_gghfm l_ogbq_kdhfm ^hklhbgkl\mbkihevah\Zgghc ojhfZlh]jZnbq_kdhc kbkl_fu kgZ[`_gghc g_ lhevdh MNki_dljhnhlhf_ljbq_kdbf gh b ijhlhqguf ^_l_dlhjhf hj]Zgbq_kdh]hm]e_jh^ZWlhiha\hebeh\h-i_j\uojZkkqblu\ZlvFFJ]mfmkh\uodbkehlgZ184LZ[ebpZ 5.1.Kibkhdh[hagZq_gbcbfZl_fZlbq_kdb_nhjfmeu^eyjZkq_lZ^_kdjbilhjh\fhe_dmeyjgh-fZkkh\h]hkhklZ\Z]mfmkh\uodbkehl>_kdjbilhjKj_^gb_fhe_dmeyjgu_fZkkukj_^g_qbkeh\Zy– Mn,kj_^g_\_kh\Zy– Mw,z-kj_^gyy– MzNhjfmeZbbebijbf_qZgb_Kdk∫ M ( K )F ( K )dKrdM=ddKd 0Kdk∫ M ( K )F ( K )dKr −1dddKd 0]^_F(KdojhfZlh]jZffZ\dhhj^bgZlZoKdhlKd0^hKdk), M(Kd) –dZeb[jh\hqgZyaZ\bkbfhklv M ijbr = 0khhl\_lkl\m_lMnijbr = 1 – Mwbijbr = 2 – Mz.GZqZevgu_fhf_glum2, m3, m4Kd k∫ F ( Kd )Kdmn =ndKdKd0Kd k∫ F ( Kd )dKdKd0P_gljZevgu_fhf_glucm2, cm3, cm4Kd k∫ F ( Kd )( Kd − m ) dKdn1mcn =Kd 0Kd k∫ F ( Kd )dKdKd0Dhwnnbpb_glZkbff_ljbb:Wdkp_kk(A = mc3 mc23 2E = ( mc4 mc22 ) − 3Kj_^gb_.d:(Kd)n, (Kd)wb.d)zKd k∫ K d r F ( K d )dK dKd =Kd 0Kd k∫ K d r −1 F ( K d )dK dKd 0]^_ K d khhl\_lkl\m_l³kj_^g_qbkeh\hfm´Kd)n),³kj_^g_\_kh\hfm´Kd)wb³=-kj_^g_fm´Kd)z)agZq_gbxKdijbr = bkhhl\_lkl\_gghD\ZglbebQ25, Q50, Q75AgZq_gbydhhj^bgZlu00bebKdkhhl\_lkl\mxs__b\k_]hbgl_]jZeZIZjpbZevgu_bgl_]jZeu,x1-x2AgZq_gb_bgl_]jZeZ\bgl_j\Ze_hl[1^h[2d>ZBkihevah\Zgh^eyjZkij_^_e_gbyεihFF185hkgh\Zgbb ^Zgguo ijyfh]h hij_^_e_gby bo kh^_j`Zgby – ba djb\uowexbjh\Zgby ih K L_f kZfuf [ue kgyl ljZ^bpbhgguc \hijhk h kl_i_gbkhhl\_lkl\by MN-ijhnbey bklbgghfm jZkij_^_e_gbx ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl \ojhfZlh]jZnbq_kdhcdhehgd_dhlhjuch[mkeh\e_gaZ\bkbfhklvxhilbq_kdbok\hckl\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl hl bo FF [Hjeh\, 1991] <h-\lhjuo gZebqb_^\hcghc kbkl_fu j_]bkljZpbb iha\hebeh g_ lhevdh gZijyfmx hp_gblv^bZiZahg \hafh`guo dhe_[Zgbc \_ebqbgu ε* ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl \ ij_^_eZojZaguo njZdpbc h^gh]h ij_iZjZlZ gh b ihemqblv jZkij_^_e_gb_ ^Zgghc\_ebqbguihfhe_dmeyjguffZkkZf<Z`ghklv ihklZgh\db lZdhc ijh[e_fu klZgh\blky hq_\b^ghc ijbjZkkfhlj_gbb lbibqguo djb\uo wexbjh\Zgby ihemq_gguo k ihfhsvxh^gh\j_f_gghc j_]bkljZpbb MN-ih]ehs_gby b K ^ey ij_iZjZlh\ ]mfmkh\uodbkehl jZaebqgh]h ijhbkoh`^_gby b njZdpbhggh]h khklZ\Z jbk DZd\b^gh ba ijb\_^_gguo ^Zgguo ^ey madh^bki_jkguo njZdpbhgbjh\Zgguoij_iZjZlh\ =D b ND jZaebqby \ ojhfZlh]jZnbq_kdbo ijhnbeyofbgbfZevgu gh hgb kms_kl\_ggh \hajZklZxl ih f_j_ m\_ebq_gbyiheb^bki_jkghklb ij_iZjZlZ >ey g_njZdpbhgbjh\Zgguo ij_iZjZlh\ =NDdZd ijZ\beh gZ[ex^Z_lky ihy\e_gb_ \lhjh]h fZdkbfmfZ gZ MNojhfZlh]jZffZo dhlhjuc ijhy\ey_lky \ \b^_ ie_qZ gZ K-ijhnbeyo Wlhk\yaZgh k l_f qlh \ukhdhfhe_dmeyjgu_ njZdpbb ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl [he__kbevgh ih]ehsZxl \ MN-h[eZklb ki_dljZ q_f gbadhfhe_dmeyjgu_Ke_^h\Zl_evgh \ ^Zgghf kemqZ_ bkihevah\Zgb_ MN-ojhfZlh]jZff ^eyjZkq_lZ FFJ fh`_l ijb\_klb d kms_kl\_gghfm aZ\ur_gbx kh^_j`Zgby\ukhdhfhe_dmeyjguo njZdpbc Ihwlhfm \ gZr_c jZ[hl_ ^ey jZkq_lZ FFJbkihevah\ZeblhevdhK-ijhnbebGZhkgh\Zgbbj_amevlZlh\baeh`_gguo\ij_^u^ms_fiZjZ]jZn_jZkq_lFFJ ijh\h^beb k bkihevah\Zgb_f I> \ dZq_kl\_ h[jZapZ kjZ\g_gbyKhhl\_lkl\mxs__ mjZ\g_gb_ dZeb[jh\hqghc aZ\bkbfhklb gZbemqrbfh[jZahf hibku\Zxs__ wdki_jbf_glZevgmx djb\mx U2 = ijb\_^_ghgb`_lgM = 6.73 – 0.0773×Kd(5.4)Lbibqgu_ojhfZlh]jZffubdjb\u_FFJij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehljZaebqgh]h ijhbkoh`^_gby b njZdpbhggh]h khklZ\Z ijb\_^_gu gZ jbk 5.6.OjhfZlh]jZffu b djb\u_ FFJ \k_o bkke_^h\Zgguo \ jZ[hl_ ij_iZjZlh\ijb\_^_gu\Ijbeh`_gbbbkhhl\_lkl\_ggh186<_kh\Zy^hey×ZKb]gZehlg_^&hj]MN.G&hj]MN.G&hj]MN.GFhe_dmeyjgu_fZkkud>Z<_kh\Zy^hey×Kb]gZehlg_^Fhe_dmeyjgu_fZkkud>Z]<_kh\Zy^hey×\Kb]gZehlg_^Fhe_dmeyjgu_fZkkud>Z<_kh\Zy^hey×[Kb]gZehlg_^&hj]MN.GFhe_dmeyjgu_fZkkud>ZJbk 5.6.
Lbibqgu_ djb\u_ wexbjh\Zgby b khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bfdjb\u_ FFJ ^ey ij_iZjZlh\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehljZaebqgh]h ijhbkoh`^_gby b njZdpbhggh]h khklZ\Z =NDlhjnZZ=ND\h^[=Dihq\\bNDihq\]187Bo khihklZ\e_gb_ iha\hey_l k^_eZlv \u\h^ qlh nhjfZ b iheh`_gb_fZdkbfmfZ ojhfZlh]jZff b djb\uo FFJ kms_kl\_ggh aZ\bkbl dZd hlnjZdpbhggh]hkhklZ\Z=DbNDihq\lZdbbklhqgbdZijhbkoh`^_gby=NDlhjnZb\h^IjbwlhfojhfZlh]jZffunjZdpbhgbjh\Zgguoij_iZjZlh\=Db ND ]hjZa^h [he__ kbff_ljbqgu Z FFJ kms_kl\_ggh m`_ q_fg_njZdpbhgbjh\Zgguo =ND FZdkbfmfu FFJ \h^guo ij_iZjZlh\ b NDihq\e_`Zl\^bZiZahg_kms_kl\_ggh[he__gbadboFFq_f=Dihq\beb=NDlhjnZIhemq_ggu_ j_amevlZlu ih kj_^gbf FF iheb^bki_jkghklyf ibdh\hcFF b bo klZg^Zjlgu_ hldehg_gby ^ey \k_o bkke_^h\Zgguo ij_iZjZlh\ijb\_^_gu\lZ[e 5.Hp_gdbkj_^g_]hb^bki_jkbbMn, Mw, MjbMw/Mn^eyij_iZjZlh\k]jmiibjh\Zgguoihbklhqgbdmijhbkoh`^_gbybnjZdpbhgghfmkhklZ\m ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e <hkijhba\h^bfhklv _^bgbqgh]h hij_^_e_gbyMw bMw/Mn^h\hevgh\ukhdZysrkhklZ\ey_l %).LZ[ebpZG_dhlhju_oZjZdl_jbklbdbFFJbkke_^h\Zgguoij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehln = 3J = 0.95)Ij_iZjZlMnMwMzMpMw/MnMz/Mw2.17±0.3D>Z=NDlhjnZPHF-T10L944.7±0.4PHF-T1H945.0±0.8 17.3±0.7PHF-T4H9419±339±126±24.0±0.831±220±13.6±0.5 1.79±0.085.6±0.7 22.2±0.5 38.1±0.832±84.0±0.4 1.72±0.05PHF-T5H944.9±0.835±230±173.9±0.4 1.83±0.07PHF-T6H944.6±0.4 17.1±0.831±221±13.8±0.3 1.81±0.06PHF-T7H945.0±0.432±1020±53.5±0.91.8±0.1PHF-TH944.6±0.4 16.8±0.630±121±13.7±0.21.8±0.04PHF-TTL945.6±0.632±423±13.4±0.2 1.66±0.0519±118±519±2JH<lhjnZPDOM-TH2.7±0.3 10.9±0.7PDOM-TT2.5±0.3 10.0±0.7 25.4±0.827±17.6±0.84.1±0.22.4±0.17.1±0.84.1±0.2 2.54±0.09=NDihq\SHF-Co945.5±0.719±135±136±113.6±0.3 1.79±0.08=Dihq\SHA-Cm946±217±330±415±23.1±0.8SHA-CtV945.9±0.715±225±415±12.6±0.5 1.62±0.08SHA-Gp947±122±435±621±93.0±0.2 1.58±0.071.7±0.1188Ij_iZjZlMnMwMzMpMw/MnMz/Mw4±11.61±0.02D>ZSHA-Gw946±121±334±622±7SHA-Pg948±222±534±623±52.9±0.1 1.55±0.06SHA-Pp948±221±533±5226±62.7±0.21.6±0.1SHA-Pw949±219±328±316±32.1±0.51.5±0.1NDihq\SFA-Am*8.1±0.8 20.1±0.7 31.8±0.8 16.8±0.82.5±0.2 1.58±0.04SFA-CtV945.7±0.7 12.6±0.521±111.8±0.82.3±0.2 1.66±0.06SFA-Cm944±1114±121±310.0±0.82.5±0.3 1.92±0.02SFA-Gw945.4±0.914±125±114±22.7±0.3 1.75±0.05SFA-Pg945.4±0.3 12.6±0.722±112.5±0.72.3±0.1 1.73±0.0217±210±118±29.7±0.8SFA-Pp94SFA-Pw944±110±14.7±0.6 10.2±0.82.4±0.41.7±0.12.2±0.2 1.76±0.02=Dm]eyCHA-AGK2.6±0.93±22.3±0.34±102.9±0.13.4±0.3=NDijbjh^guo\h^AHF- RND34.0±0.3 11.0±0.829±27.8±0.62.7±0.1 2.63±0.07AHF-MMu83.2±0.48.6±0.721±16.2±0.92.7±0.1AHF-RMC4.7±0.4 15.1±0.636±18.1±0.53.3±0.2 2.39±0.05AHF-RMX23.3±0.37.3±0.614±37.5±0.52.2±0.11.9±0.3AHF-RMX83.1±0.37.0±0.512±27.9±0.82.35±0.21.7±0.22.5±0.2NDbJH<ijbjh^guo\h^AFA-GFg12.7±0.76±29±46±42.1±0.3 1.59±0.07ADOM-SMu43.5±0.710±221±48.1±0.52.9±0.1 2.05±0.09ADOM-SMu82.9±0.18±117±37±12.7±0.2 2.15±0.04=ND^hgguohleh`_gbcBHF-RND135.5±0.617±233±212±73.17±0.04 1.9±0.1BHF-SMu25.4±0.819±135±243±53.7±0.5 1.81±0.07Ij_iZjZlkg_[hevrhcijbf_kvx]b^jhebah\Zgghc>W:W-p_eexehau189LZ[ebpZ 5.3Hp_gdbkj_^g_]hb^bki_jkbboZjZdl_jbklbdFFJbfZkkh\h]hdhwnnbpb_glZih]ehs_gbyε* ij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehlk]jmiibjh\Zgguoihijhbkoh`^_gbxbnjZdpbhgghfmkhklZ\mXMedMn5.0 4.9Mw18.5 18.2Mz33.5 32.0Mp24.1 22.0Mw/Mn 3.7 3.7Mz/Mw 1.8 1.80.064 0.063ε*MnMwMzMpMw/MnMz/Mwε*6.217.327.316.915.013.90.0896.719.931.218.83.01.60.086Mn5.4 5.4Mw12.9 12.6Mz22.1 20.9Mp12.1 11.8Mw/Mn 2.4 2.4Mz/Mw 1.7 1.70.055 0.052ε*Mn3.7Mw9.8Mz22.4Mp7.5Mw/Mn 2.6Mz/Mw 2.20.039ε*3.38.621.47.82.72.40.039XmaxQ25Q75s2=NDlhjnZQ 4.65.64.65.30.216.8 22.2 17.2 19.13.130.0 39.2 30.9 36.612.419.2 32.0 20.6 28.022.53.44.03.64.00.11.72.11.81.80.010.056 0.077 0.058 0.067 0.00005=Dihq\Q 5.99.05.97.71.415.4 22.2 16.4 21.76.92535.0 26.5 34.314.31522.6 15.2 22.112.02.13.62.73.30.221.51.71.61.70.0040.077 0.117 0.079 0.099 0.0002NDihq\Q 4.18.14.45.71.79.8 20.1 10.2 14.312.716.9 31.8 17.9 25.125.19.7 16.8 10.0 13.76.32.22.72.32.50.031.61.91.71.80.010.047 0.074 0.048 0.056 0.00008=NDijbjh^guo\h^Q 3.14.63.13.70.47.0 15.17.09.811.211.7 36.1 11.7 25.1 103.76.28.16.27.90.62.23.32.22.70.21.72.61.72.40.20.030 0.044 0.038 0.042 0.00003XminAEW0.761.450.870.86–0.091.460.97–0.732.42–0.95–0.83–1.463.611.140.8490.8520.8570.8750.9420.8430.937–1.92–2.26–2.35–1.892.832.831.474.575.505.884.018.008.001.750.7870.7010.6840.7600.4290.4190.8401.651.631.291.140.310.502.003.342.941.810.990.121.694.460.8390.8330.8940.8900.9840.9340.7761.081.240.40–1.770.56–0.61–1.18–0.310.86–1.613.18–0.43–2.031.800.8500.8700.9430.8040.9140.9010.913190H[t_^bg_ggZy\u[hjdZQ Mn5.4 5.03.19.04.66.02.20.750 0.231–Mw15.8 17.1 7.0 22.2 11.0 19.222.6 –0.381 –1.040–Mz27.9 30.0 11.7 39.2 21.4 34.056.0 –0.594 –0.567–Mp16.7 16.4 6.1 32.0 10.0 22.150.80.330 –0.689–Mw/Mn 3.0 2.72.14.02.43.60.40.322 –1.274–Mz/Mw 1.8 1.71.52.61.61.80.11.807 2.856–0.063 0.060 0.030 0.117 0.048 0.077 0.0004 0.730.62–ε*X , Xmin, Xmax b 0HG – kj_^gb_ fbg b fZdk agZq_gby b f_^bZgZkhhl\_lkl\_ggh Q25 b Q75 – gb`gb_ b \_jogb_ d\Zjlbeb : – dhwnnbpb_glZkbff_ljbb? –wdkp_kkDZd \b^gh ba ihemq_gguo ^Zgguo \hij_db \_kvfZ jZkijhkljZg_gghfmfg_gbxhlhfqlhFF]mfmkh\uodbkehl\Zjvbjmxlhlkhl_g^hkhl_glukyq>Zevlhg [De Nobili and Gjessing, 1989] \_kv ^bZiZahg baf_g_gby Mwbkke_^h\Zgguo ij_iZjZlh\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl jZaebqgh]h njZdpbhggh]hkhklZ\Zbijhbkoh`^_gbykhklZ\behl^h>ZZMw/Mn –hl^h Ijb wlhf ih \_ebqbg_ Mw ij_iZjZlu jZkiheh`bebkv \ ke_^mxsbc jy^\h^gu_ =ND < ihq\_ggu_ ND < ihq\_ggu_ =D < =ND lhjnZ Ihiheb^bki_jkghklbjy^[ueg_kdhevdhbghcihq\_ggu_ND < ihq\_ggu_=D≅\h^gu_=ND < =NDlhjnZE_]dhaZf_lblvqlhijhp_^mjZnjZdpbhgbjh\Zgbyij_iZjZlh\ gZ ND b =D kms_kl\_ggh kgb`Z_l bo iheb^bki_jkghklv \ lh\j_fydZdbkoh^gu_wdkljZdluoZjZdl_jbamxlky\ukhdhciheb^bki_jkghklvx b \ur_ Wlhl ihdZaZl_ev kms_kl\_ggh gb`_ ^ey ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl \h^fZdjhfhe_dmeu dhlhjuo ijZdlbq_kdb g_ kh^_j`Zl \dexq_gbcihebkZoZjb^guo njZ]f_glh\ DZd ke_^kl\b_ bo jZkij_^_e_gb_ ih FF]hjZa^h m`_ q_f lhjnZ – iheb^bki_jkghklv ij_iZjZlh\ khklZ\ey_l \kj_^g_fMklZgh\b\ FFJ ij_iZjZlh\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl jZkkqblu\ZebjZkij_^_e_gb_ ε ih FF AZ^ZqZ hkeh`gyeZkv l_f qlh \ bkihevah\ZgghcojhfZlh]jZnbq_kdhc kbkl_f_ hldebd MN-^_l_dlhjZ j_]bkljbjh\Zeky g_ \_^bgbpZo hilbq_kdhc iehlghklb Z \ <hevlZo Ihwlhfm \ dZq_kl\_ i_j\h]hwlZiZ g_h[oh^bfh [ueh hij_^_eblv ³ihklhyggmx yq_cdb´ >ey wlhc p_ebbkihevah\Zeb ojhfZlh]jZffu gbadhfhe_dmeyjguo bg^b\b^mZevguokh_^bg_gbc aZj_]bkljbjh\Zggu_ ijb lhc `_ ^ebg_ \hegu qlh b ^ey]mfmkh\uodbkehl–gfb\dx\_l_klZdhc`_^ebghchilbq_kdh]himlb– kf JZkkqblu\Zeb iehsZ^v ih^ MN-ojhfZlh]jZffhc hlghkbeb __ diehsZ^b ih^ K-ojhfZlh]jZffhc i_j_kqblZgghc \ fZkkh\mx dhgp_gljZpbx191ZgZebabjm_fh]h \_s_kl\Z k ihfhsvx khhl\_lkl\mxs_c dZeb[jh\db ih]b^jhnlZeZlm dZeby f] C/e Z aZl_f khhlghkbeb ihemq_ggmx \_ebqbgm(IMN/IChj] k wdki_jbf_glZevgh baf_j_gguf ε*exp Ihke_^gbc hij_^_eyeb dZdhlghr_gb_ hilbq_kdhc iehlghklb jZkl\hjZ bg^b\b^mZevgh]h kh_^bg_gby \FnhknZlghf[mn_j_baf_j_gghcgZki_dljhnhlhf_lj_ijbλ = gfb l = 1kf d _]h fZkkh\hc dhgp_gljZpbb f] C/e Kibkhd bkihevah\Zgguobg^b\b^mZevguokh_^bg_gbckhhl\_lkl\mxsb_ε*expijbgfb]jZnbd^eyjZkq_lZ ³ihklhygghc yq_cdb´ ijb\_^_gu \ Ijbeh`_gbb JZkkqblZggZy³ihklhyggZyyq_cdb´khklZ\beZ±_^bafhldebdZMN-^_l_dlhjZWlhiha\hebehijhdZeb[jh\ZlvrdZemhldebdZMN-^_l_dlhjZ\_^bgbpZoε*.>ey ijh\_jdb ijZ\bevghklb ij_^eh`_gghc ijhp_^mju b __ijbf_gbfhklb^eyjZkq_lZjZkij_^_e_gbyε]mfmkh\uodbkehlihFF[uehijh\_^_gh khihklZ\e_gb_ kj_^gbo ε hij_^_e_gguo ^ey dZ`^h]h ij_iZjZlZ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ^\mfy kihkh[Zfb iml_f jZkq_lZ ba khhl\_lkl\mxs_cMN-ojhfZlh]jZffu i_j_kljh_gghc \ ε* – dhhj^bgZlZo (ε*calc) b wdki_jbf_glZevguf iml_f baf_jyy hilbq_kdmx iehlghklv jZkl\hjZij_iZjZlZ\FnhknZlghf[mn_j_ijbλ = gfbl = 1kfbhlghky__dba\_klghc fZkkh\hc dhgp_gljZpbb ij_iZjZlZ f] K/e (ε*exp) AgZq_gby ε*expijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e Bo khihklZ\e_gb_ k jZkkqblZggufb ba ojhfZlh]jZff(ε*calcijb\_^_ghgZjbk 5.7.ε∗ calc0.12000.10000.08000.06000.0400r = 0.940.0200ε∗exp0.000000.020.040.060.080.10.12Jbk 5.7.
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