Модуль 5 - Modal Verbs and their equivalents. Многофункциональные глаголы в роли модальных - shall, should, will, would, need, dare (1096809), страница 3
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После него употребляется дополнение, выраженноесуществительным, местоимением или инфинитивом с to.Модальный глагол need имеет только одну форму, не требует вспомогательныхглаголов, употребляется в вопросах и отрицаниях. После него употребляется толькоинфинитив без to. Например:Need I read it?Стоит ли (нужно ли; есть ли необходимость)(модальный)мне читать это? (сомнение)Do I need to read it?Нужно мне читать это? (просто вопрос)(смысловой)После глагола need в качестве смыслового может употребляться существительное илиместоимение в роли дополнения:I need your help.Мне нужна твоя помощь.Do you need my help?Тебе нужна моя помощь?Did you need my help?Тебе нужна была моя помощь?He needs a pen.Ему нужна ручка.Does he need a pen?Ему нужна ручка?Father will need your car tomorrow.Отцу понадобится твоя машина завтра.Do you need any money?Тебе нужны деньги?What do you need?Что вам нужно?dareГлагол dare [dFq] означает: осмелиться, иметь смелость или нахальство сделатьчто-л.
Встреч. не часто, и к нему относятся те же самые комментарии, что и к need.Как модальный он имеет формы наст. времени dare и прошедшего dared [dFqd],употребляется с инфинитивом без частицы to, образует вопросительную иотрицательную формы без вспомогательного do.Как модальный употребляется в вопросительных (обычно с How dare…?) иотрицательных предложениях. В утвердительной форме dare употребляется ввыражении I dare say/speak которое переводится как (я) осмелюсь сказать.How dare you say it?Как вы смеете говорить это?For a while he dared not move.Некоторое время он не смел пошевелиться.Примечание: Как смысловой глагол он спрягается по общим правилам, инфинитивпосле него употребляется с to, вопросы и отрицания образует с do:Does he dare to contradict her?Он осмеливается противоречить ей?No one dared to ask him about it.Никто не осмеливался спросить его об этом.82.Типовые заданияTranslate the following sentences into Russian:Equivalents of Modal Verbs1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.You’re able to read this article in the library.The scientists were able to distinguish these two different concepts.I’m sure she’ll be able to make a report on her scientific research tomorrow.I’m not able to attend the seminar on Mondays.The planes were not able to leave the airport because of the bad weather.I think she won’t be able to settle this problem.Is he able to finish his test in time? – No, he isn’t.When were they able to repair the computer? – They were able to repair it yesterday.Who will be able to live and work in space for a long time? − A lot of specialists will.1.2.3.4.5.They were allowed to demonstrate the new device yesterday.You aren’t allowed to carry out the investigation here.Will she be allowed to replace the equipment tomorrow? – Yes, she will.Who is allowed to use the new method? – We are.When were they allowed to continue their research? – They were allowed to continue theirresearch last year.6.
Where will the constructors be allowed to build a new power plant?1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.***The scientists have to use different computer languages to solve this task. It helps them toachieve better results.A historian has to study a lot of facts to be able to reconstruct the far past.In the past, messages to England from Europe had to be sent by ship.Some materials will have to be produced in space.They don’t have to repeat their experiment today. They can do it tomorrow.I didn’t have to start the test yesterday because I didn’t need the results at that time.Does the student have to work hard today? – Yes, he does. He has an exam tomorrow.Did he have to write a detailed report last month? – Yes, he did.
His information was necessaryfor the conference.***Further analytical research is to advance this method.Within a few years a quantity production of various materials is to begin in space.The quality of these metal parts is to be very high.In the next few years engineers are to develop computers of more than two billion operations asecond.These TV stations are to be connected.We were to comment on the results of some experiments.Our engineers were to complete the work last month.9Многофункциональные глаголы в роли модальных: shall, should, will, would,need, dare1. You should lower the voltage in the circuit.2. They tried to set the machine in motion but it would not.3.
The students should be very careful while working in the laboratory.4. The engineer should change the position of the element in his project.5. We tried to stop the machine but it would not.6. You should find the wrong element in the scheme.7. The operator did his best to put the rotor in operation but it would not.8. The mechanic should have technical education9. You should consult the specialist to solve this technical problem.10. An operator of a computing machine should have an engineering background.11. You should measure voltage with better accuracy.12.
The lab assistant should be very careful while working with these substances.13. Specialists should study the research program results.14. The engineer should not change the initial rotor position.15. We should increase the voltage supply to the coil in order to gain the magnetic field.16. The students should solve this problem applying that theorem.17.
We tried to stop the device but it would not.18. The mechanic tried to switch on the light in the workshop but it would not.19. The students did their best to settle down the problem but it would not.20. One should distinguish between an electromotive force and a potential difference.21. One should know at least one foreign language.22. One should be careful while working with chemical substances.23. One should remember that there are three characteristics of force: magnitude, direction andplace of application.24. One should know what the difference is between a digital signal and an analog one.25. One should know that this sort of fuel has to be handled very carefully.26.
One should know that the armature windings can cut the magnetic lines of force in order toprovide electric current.27. You should have followed the traffic regulations.28. We should have used that new device.29. You should not have been so careless.30. The students should have listened to the professor more carefully.31.
You should have spoken to him on the matter. Why do you keep him in the dark?32. One should use that new device.33. One should not have been so careless.1034. You should have used a computer for your research.35. Glinka was convinced that it was in Russian folk music that he should seek the basis for hisown creative work.36. It was the war that finally brought the realization of who the hero of Soviet fiction should be.37.
It was considered at first that a cubical design of telescope should have been adopted.38. For a country to be capable of independence, it must possess economic autonomy, and for this itis essential that the economic system should be largely in native hands.39. I do not think you should work so hard.40. They insisted that we should have dinner with them.41.
The government should do more to help homeless people.42. I’m feeling sick. I should not have eaten so much chocolate.43. They should have been here an hour ago.44. She should not have been listening to our conversation. It was private.45. It’s a great film. You should go and see it.46. All the preparations should be completed in a week.47. A Chinese visitor should be received at the front door and be conducted by the host to areception-room.48.
We should use modern apparatus to repeat Joule's experiments.49. Energy changes are wasteful, we should save energy.50. Energy should be stored in energy sources, such as fuels and batteries.51. You should not always judge a stranger by the clothes he wears.52. You should have changed the current strength at all points of the circuit.53. You need not be afraid to live or work near a nuclear reactor, for should something go wrong,warning lights would tell the men at the control panel to press a bottom marked “screencontrol”.54.
You look tired. You should go to bed.55. You need not be afraid to live or work near a nuclear reactor, for should something go wrong,warning lights would tell the men at the control panel to press a bottom marked “screencontrol”.Equivalents of Modal Verbs: revision1. Any moving object is able to do work2. One is allowed to touch the wire when the circuit is open.3.
Scientists are able to solve this problem.4. He is able to control the operation.5. We are not allowed to test this equipment.6. They will not be able to complete the research.7. If you replace an ammeter with a voltmeter you will not be able to measure current.118. They are allowed to modify one of the technical components of the installation to increasesufficiently its output power.9. The equipment for digital computers is able to provide data within a period of time that is lessthan a few milliseconds.10. You are not allowed to use computer without a break.11. You have to use special instrument indicating the temperature of the metals.12. The scientists are to apply the methods to increase the productivity of motors.13. A group of engineers have to improve the efficiency of the machine.14.
The experiment must be carried out very carefully.15. When is the lecture to begin?16. You will have to finish this task quickly.17. The engineer has to improve this device.18. We are to get this device for our laboratory.19. We have to start the experiment.20. We have to use a computer to make these calculations.21. When is the lecture to begin?22. The professor went about thinking of his discovery and what was to become of it.23. You will have to modify one of the technical components of the installation.24. Scientists have to design an affective non-conventional power station.25. Some advantage in detector sensitivity is to be gained by working at low outlet pressures.26.
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