Модуль 2 - Времена группы Continuous и Perfect Active Voice (1096806), страница 6
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Период времени, в течение которогосовершалось действие, может быть как указан, так и не указан.Her eyes were red. I saw she had been crying.У нее были красные глаза. Я увидел, что онаплакала.At last we found the path we had been looking for. Наконец мы нашли тропу, которую искали.The Future Perfect ContinuousУтвердительная формаВопросительная формаShall/Will ... have...
+ shall/will have been + IVbeen + IV ?Ishall/will haveShall/ IhaveWe been playingWill we been playing?=( I'll have been playing)Буду ли я (БудемЯ буду (Мыли мы)играть?будем) играть. (уже с...,Отрицательная формаHeheSheshehavewill have been playing Will itIt=(...'ll have been playing)been playing?YouyouTheytheyHeShewill not have been playingIt=(won't have been playing)YouTheyкогда...)... shall/will not have been + IVIWeshall/will not havebeen playing=(shan't have been playing)Я не буду (Мы небудем) играть.Сокращенные формы: I shall = I’ll [aIl], she will = she’ll [SJl], you will = you’ll [jHl], shall not = shan’t[SRnt], will not = won’t [wount]Future Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be вформе Future Perfect ( shall have been, will have been )и причастия настоящего временисмыслового глагола - Present Participle (IV-я форма или ing-форма).Future Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения:Длительного будущего действия, которое начнется ранее другого будущегодействия или момента в будущем и будет еще продолжаться в этот момент.22Эта форма употребляется крайне редко.
Чаще выбирают либо FutureContinuous, либо Future Perfect. Как и другие времена этой группы, эта формаупотребляется тогда, когда указан период времени, в течение которого действие будетсовершаться. На русский язык переводится глаголами несовершенного вида будущеговремени, например:He will have been reading a book for twoОн будет читать книгу два часа, когда яhourswhen I come.приду.By next summer we’ll have been living here for На будущее лето мы здесь будемten years.жить уже десять лет.By tonight I’ll have been working for sevenСегодня к вечеру я буду работать уже семьhours.часов.By the time you comeК вашему приходу они будут играть ужеthey will have been playingfor more than anбольше часа.hour.By the 1st of June, 2004,К 1 июня 2004 г.
он будет работать наhe will have beenworking at the factory forфабрике уже 20 лет.twenty years.The Past Perfect ContinuousУтвердительная форма Вопросительная форма... + had been + IVHad ... been + IV ?I had (=I'd) been playing. Had I been playing?Я играл. ( уже с ... , когда...) Я играл?Отрицательная форма... had not been + IVI hadnot (=I hadn't) been playing.Я не играл.HeheHeShesheSheItIthad been playing Had ithad not been playingbeen playing?=(...'dbeenplaying)=(hadn'tbeen playing)WeweWeYouyouYouTheytheyTheyСокращенные формы: I had = I’d [aId], she had = she’d [SJd], had not = hadn’t [hxdnt]Past Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола tobe в форме Past Perfect ( had been ) и причастия настоящего времени смысловогоглагола - Present Participle (IV-я форма или ing-форма).Past Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения:Длительного прошедшего действия, начавшегося ранее какого-то момента впрошлом или другого прошедшего действия, выраженного в Past Indefinite и:1.
еще продолжавшегося в момент наступления другого действия;2. закончившегося раньше определенного момента или действия в прошлом.1 Для выражения длительного прошедшего действия, которое началось ранее другогопрошедшего действия, выраженного в Past Indefinite, и еще продолжалось вмомент совершения последнего. При этом должен быть указан период времени, втечение которого действие уже совершалось, например с такими обозначениямивремени, как:for two hours в течение двух часовsince I came с тех пор, как я пришел23for a month в течение месяцаall his life всю его жизньfor some time в течение некоторого времени all day long весь деньsince five o’clock с пяти часовНа русский язык переводится глаголами несовершенного вида прошедшеговремени, например:She had been sleeping for three hours whenОна спала уже три часа, когда мыwe returned.возвратились.We had been traveling for a week when theМы путешествовали неделю, когдаcar broke down.машина сломалась.Если не указано, как долго совершалось действие, то вместо Past PerfectContinuous употребляется Past Continuous:I was working when my brother came.Я работал, когда пришел мой брат.2 Для выражения длительного прошедшего действия, которое закончилосьнепосредственно перед определенным моментом или действием в прошлом.Конкретный момент в прошлом обычно определяется ситуацией, а сама форма PastPerfect Continuous подчеркивает продолжительность предыдущего действия и егопоследствия к описываемому моменту.
Период времени, в течение которогосовершалось действие, может быть как указан, так и не указан.Her eyes were red. I saw she had been crying.У нее были красные глаза. Я увидел, чтоонаплакала.At last we found the pathНаконец мы нашли тропу, которую искали.we had been looking for.2.Типовые заданияTranslate the following sentences into Russian:The Present Continuous Tense (Active):1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.I’m working. Please don’t make so much noise.I’m looking for Christine.
Do you know where she is?I’m tired. I’m going to bed now. Goodnight!She’s on holiday. She’s having a great time.It’s getting dark. Shall I turn on the light?The temperature is rising very fast.Now the machine is sending a direct current into the circuit.John and I want to go to Greece for our holidays, so we are learning Greek.Computers are becoming important in industry.At present our scientists and engineers are developing new technologies.The energy sources of the world are decreasing while the energy needs of the world areincreasing.***12.13.14.15.I want to lose weight, so this week I’m not eating lunch.Well, actually I’m not working at the moment.
I’m trying to find a job.How is your new job? – Not so good at the moment. I’m not enjoying it very much.Let’s go out. It isn’t raining any more.2416.17.18.19.20.21.22.He isn’t staying at a hotel. He is staying with friends.Now as you can see, this relay is not operating normally at this temperature.Jim and his father aren’t watching TV. They are asleep.I think Paul and Ann are angry with each other.
They aren’t speaking.You aren’t working hard today. – No, I’m not.These engines are not performing well at the moment.We are not studying the main components of a simple electric circuit now.***23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.Is anybody listening to the radio now? – Yes, I am. Please, don't turn it off.How is your English? Is it getting better? – No, it isn't.Are the engineers working at a new design now? – No, they aren’t.Are the engineers mounting the contacts on the engine now?– Yes, they are.Why is the engine turning slowly?Jenny is a student at university.
– Is she? What is she studying?What are you reading? – I'm reading a letter from my sister.How nice to see you! What are you doing these days?What phenomenon are the scientists observing now?Why are all these people here? What is happening?Who is repairing this step-up transformer? – Our lab assistant is.The Past Continuous Tense (Active):1.2.3.4.5.6.7.I was working in the lab at 4 o’clock yesterday.He was studying different electrical devices from 3 to 5 o’clock.While the scientist was making a very important physics experiment, somebody switched offthe light.The engineers were discussing a new computer technology at 6 p.m.Our colleagues were studying complicated programmes the whole evening yesterday.They were examining the ammeter when the current flow increased.Many countries were successfully cooperating on the Intercosmos programme when thecatastrophe took place.***8.9.10.11.12.13.The driver wasn’t measuring the pressure in the wheels at 6 p.m.
yesterday.The teacher wasn’t explaining a new rule to the class the whole lesson yesterday.The student was not studying the advantages of minicomputers from 5 till 8 p.m.The engine was not producing any power when the lab assistant switched it off.The students weren’t working on the computers when the teacher came in.The researchers were not solving any problems while the discussion was going on.***14.15.16.Was Samuel Morse experimenting with an electric telegraph when he was living in Europe? –Yes, he was.Were the students having an interesting discussion at 8 p.m.
yesterday? – No, they weren't.Were they studying the main components of a motor from 2 till3 p.m.? – Yes, they were.2517.18.19.20.Were the students watching an educational film about electrical engineering at 9 or 10 p.m.yesterday? – They were watching it at 9 p.m.Where were the scientists testing a new material at 1 p.m. yesterday? – They were testing it inthe laboratory.What kind of text were they translating from 9 till 11 a.m.?Who was preparing a report all day yesterday? – My friend was.The Future Continuous Tense (Active):1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Tomorrow we’ll be preparing for a test the whole evening.We’ll be revising the material of the lecture on optics till the professor begins asking thequestions.They’ll be controlling the lasers tomorrow from 1 till 2 p.m.The students will be observing the indications of a multimeter in half an hour.The engineer will be measuring the conductivity of lead when the test begins.The professor will be commenting on the results of the test in class tomorrow.The constructors will be working at improving the design of metro escalators the whole June.***8.9.10.11.12.13.The laboratory assistant won’t be measuring the value of the current at 3.30 p.m.We won’t be investigating the properties of superconductors at 10.30 a.m.Our assistants won’t be increasing the voltage in the electrical circuit from 5 till 6 p.m.The student will not be watching the indications from 3 till 5 in the evening.The instructors will not be finishing their work at the end of August.My friends will not be taking their final exams in mathematics at the beginning of June.***14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.Will you be testing a manometer at 10 a.m.
tomorrow? – No, I won't.Will you be operating your computer this afternoon? – Yes, I probably will.Will our group be observing changes in the behavior of the current at this time tomorrow?Will they be performing mathematical calculations after the lecture tomorrow?Will the researcher be carrying out this experiment from 3 to 5 p.m.?Will the students be measuring the resistance or the current at this time tomorrow? – They'll bemeasuring the current.What will you be doing in the laboratory tomorrow morning? – We’ll be watching theoperation of a new device.What will you be doing when I come to see you? – I’ll be typing a new article about lasers.Who will be studying various electrical devices all the morning next Tuesday? – The studentsof our group will.Who will be checking the battery at 4 o’clock p.m.
on Sunday?Who will be drawing a graph in class tomorrow?The Present Perfect Tense (Active):1. The students have just observed the robot in operation.2. The bulb has just burnt out. – I’ll change it.263.4.5.6.7.8.9.Russian physicists have already developed large laser installations.Russia has already launched a great number of space vehicles.In the space age computer communication has already become a highly developed field.Russian scientists have developed a new technology lately.The engineers have designed a new robot recently.Since Yuriy Gagarin’s flight Russian space science has come a long way.Since its foundation the Cavendish Laboratory has played an outstanding role in trainingphysicists.***10.11.12.13.14.We haven’t heard anything new from our lecturer yet.They have not studied the Theory of Relativity yet.Scientists have not yet created such a robot that can think.I have never been to the Museum of Technology in Amsterdam.Mankind has never experienced changes in life and work on such a scale.***15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.Have engineers ever changed the robot application? – Yes, they have.Have the latest laser devices found a wide application in medicine yet? – Yes, they have.Has electrical power become universal yet? – Yes, it has.Has a Russian scientist made the simplest type of a solar boiler yet? – Yes, he has.Has the professor described any achievements in mechanics yet? - No, he hasn’t.Have engineers developed various kinds of ceramics recently?Has the Internet grown at a surprising rate since the end ofthe 20th century?Has the problem of air and water pollution become the most important one in the last fewyears?Why has electricity replaced other sources of energy yet?What new data has the laboratory received lately?In what form has man used solar heat for many centuries?What has become important in our life? – Mobile communication has.The Past Perfect Tense (Active):1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Physics had answered a lot of questions by the beginning of the 21st century.We had already published the results of our work by the end of the year.By 1960 the number of cars in the world had reached 60 million.By the beginning of the lecture the lab assistant had brought in all the necessary diagrams.By the beginning of the new millennium engineers had designed a great number of complexmachine tools.We switched off the laser when we had made a hologram.When the engineers had switched on the device, it began to work.The scientist became famous after he had invented a new model of a robot.After I had got such a result, I checked the circuit again.2710.
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