Гричин С.В., Ульянова О.В. - Английский язык для инженеров сварочного производства (1044906), страница 14
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Say if it is a good abstract for theEnglish text. Why? Why not?78Friction Stir Welding (FSW)Сварка трениемH.H. BhadeshiaХ.Х. БхадешияМетод сварки трением, разработанный транснациональнойкорпорацией TWI (Кембридж, Великобритания) в 1991 г., заключается вполучении соединения металлов без использования плавления иприсадочных материалов. Данный метод получил широкое применениедля сварки металлических листов, однако он также может применятьсядля сварки труб, полых секций и др. Сварной шов образуется благодарясочетанию фрикционного разогрева и механической деформации,вызываемых вращающимся органом – цапфой. Максимальнодостижимая температура составляет порядка 0,8 от температурыплавления.Рабочий орган имеет круглое сечение, на конце которогорасположен зонд с насечкой. Стык цилиндрической части с зондомназывают буртиком.
Зонд проникает в свариваемые поверхности, в товремя как буртик производит трение по поверхности. Тепловырабатывается главным образом в результате трения рабочего органа оповерхность свариваемых листов металла.По завершении шва рабочий орган отводят, на месте его работыостается отверстие. Поскольку образующееся отверстие недопустимопри сварке труб, его образования можно избежать применениемспециальной конструкции рабочего органа, в котором цапфаавтоматически плавно втягивается в буртик, оставляя после себянеповрежденный шов.5Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.1.
What is Friction Stir Welding method based on?2. How is the weld formed?3. What do the welding parameters depend on?4. What, in your opinion, are the most important advantages/disadvantages ofthe Friction Stir Welding method?5. Want is the best sphere of application of this method at present?6Say if the following is true or false. Correct the false sentences.1. FSW is not used to weld steels.2. It’s impossible to avoid holes in welds made by FSW method.793.
The maximum temperature reached during FSW is above the meltingtemperature.4. The characteristics of the material being joined affect the microstructure ofa friction-stir weld.5. FSW is the only method for welding austenitic stainless steels.6. Pipes can be welded using FSW.Reading and speaking7In small groups read the characteristics of FSW given below anddistribute them into two categories in the table. Compare with other groups.Then speak about advantages and disadvantages of FSW.AdvantagesØØØØØØØØØØØØØØØDisadvantagesThe method requires a stable welding machine with a powerful fixture.Material from 15-30 mm can be welded on both sides.No joint preparation, only degreasing.The method can only be used on straight, flat workpieces or hollowprofiles with an abutment or backing.High, consistent quality.No grinding or brushing.No consumables.No shielding gas.This welding method leaves an end hole when the tool is pulled awayfrom workpiece.
In many cases, this hole can be cut off, but, in othercases, it has to be sealed using another method.Flat surface without weld reinforcement or splatter.No magnetic blowing as the welding is done without an arc.Environmentally-compatible method without flash, fumes or ozoneformation. Less risk of pores and cracking as the temperature neverreaches the melting point of aluminium.No burning off of alloy substance as the temperature never reachesmelting point.Alloys which are difficult to weld can be welded as there is only asmall risk of hot cracking.
High productivity.Material thickness from 1.6-15 mm can be welded as single-passprocedures.80Ø The back of the object must be accessible if 100% penetration isnecessary.Ø The welding equipment should preferably be stationary.Vocabularyabutmentbackingdegreasingmagnetic blowingторец; упор; опора,опораобезжириваниемагнитное срывание дуги8Use the words and phrases from the list below to fill in the blanks inthe sentences.Rotating bodies, manual welding, sponsorship project, necessary expertise,in collaboration with, frictional heat, without any negative observations,build up data bank, sufficiently high temperature, environmentallycompatible.1.
… is being replaced by automatic and semi-automatic types of welding inmany applications.2. They could buy the new equipment only thanks to a successfully realized… .3. … are necessary elements of friction stir welding.4. The new project was realized … foreign partners.5.
In order for the weld to be formed … in the welding area should beprovided.6. After the thorough repairs the equipment had been running for 2 years … .7. The quality control supervisors had to carry out … before putting thewelding machine into operation.8. The experience the engineers had in welding such structures helped them… necessary for further development of the product.9. … resulting from rotating bodies coming into direct contact can beremoved by special coolers.10.
This new welding machine is both operator friendly and … .Writing819Write a short report about FSW according to the following plan:1. The principle of FSW.2. Working environment.3. Advantages and disadvantages.4. Applications.Reading 210You will read the text Man-machine Communication for Multi-run ArcWelding.
Before you read discuss the following questions in the group.1. What is an automated welding system?2. What might be the advantages of automated welding systems comparedwith manual welding?3. What part do you think can never be welded using automated welding?11Read the text and answer questions.1. What are the functions of the described automated system?2. In what cases must the welding process be automatically stopped?3.
What does the system do when the weld is completed?4. What do the pre-programming modules include?5. What parameters are displayed on the screen during the welding process?6. What can an operator do when he receives a warning from the automatedsystem?7. What does the remote control unit contain?8. Where are all the important events happening during the welding processstored?9.
What is registered in the log file?Man-machine Communication for Multi-run Arc WeldingThe multi-run welding of heavy components imposes special demands onman-machine communication (MMC) for automated welding systems.Welding sequences of several hours with limited operator surveillancenecessitate pre-programming, not only of the nominal process data, but alsoof other conditions for the successful performance of the welding process in82varying external conditions. Warnings of conditions requiring the operator'sattention must be given during welding. Should a situation occur in which thequality of the weld is jeopardized, the process must be stopped in acontrolled manner and the reason for the stop must be displayed.
Uponcompletion of the weld, a presentation, indicating all the important eventsduring the welding cycle, should be made to determine the amount of nondestructive testing. Provision should be made for further detailedinvestigations of optional parts of the cycle, as well as for the storage anddocumentation of the course of the process.The operator interface for the ESAB multi-run MMC is an industrialPC.
The pre-programming modules are divided into blocks of set-upparameters, process parameters, warnings, reports and stop limits. Differentsets of process parameters can be automatically retrieved during the weldingsequence. During welding, the screen shows the preprogrammed parameters,the actual measured values and the way the process is progressing (e.g.
layer,bead and position).If a warning is activated, the operator is given the choice ofimmediately stopping the process, stopping it after the completion of the beador allowing it to continue.A small remote control box, which can be hand-held, contains thecontrols the operator needs for preparing, starting and stopping the process.The control system registers the welding sequence in two separate files, theWeld Report and the multi-run. In the Weld Report, all the installationparameters such as wire type and wire dimension, flux (or gas) type andpermissible inter-pass temperatures are stored, together with the specifiedprocess parameters such as welding voltage, welding current and weldingspeeds and their report, alarm and stop link.All the important events during welding, such as start, stop(s), restarts,exceeded report limits and warnings for flux level, high or low interpasstemperature, are stored in the Weld Report.
All the events are stored togetherwith the actual date, time, weld layer, weld bead and position in the joint.Should the event be an exceeded process parameter, the parameters at thetime in question are also stored.In the Log File, the position and process parameters are continuouslyregistered (every 20 mm).
A normal Log File report for a thick-walledwelding object could fill 1,000 pages.The Weld Report provides a good overview of important events duringwelding. The reported events provide valuable information for the planningof non-destructive testing and offer easily-accessible documentation of thewelding process.
If further investigations are deemed necessary, the WeldReport constitutes a good register for entering the Log Files in which detailed83information from the sectors associated with the reported events can befound.The multi-run control system can also be connected to customers'central computer systems for documentation or further processing of bothWeld Reports and Log Files, together with other quality control data.Vocabularyrunman-machinecommunicationwelding sequencenon-destructive testinginterpass temperatureweld beadlog fileпроходинтерфейс человек-машинапоследовательность сварки, порядок наложенияшвовиспытаниябезразрушенияобразца,неразрушающий контрольтемператураначаламартенситныхпревращенийнаплавленный валик сварного швасистемный журналSpeaking12Specify the functions of:Ø Remote control boxØ Weld ReportØ Log File13Use the verbs from the left column and the phrases from the right columnto speak about advantages of automated welding systems.a) good overview of important events during1 to provide2 to allowwelding3 to enable the operatorb) valuable information for the planning of non4 to result indestructive testing5 to offerc)easily-accessible documentation of thewelding processd) to choose to stop the process immediately,stop it after the completion of the bead or allow itto continuee) better weld quality14Translate the following sentences into English:841.
Использование автоматизированных сварочных систем позволяетлегко определить объем необходимого контроля качества.2. В случае возникновения угрозы качеству сварного шва сварочныйпроцесс немедленно прекращается.3. Оператор может контролировать подготовку, начало и завершениесварочных операций с помощью пульта дистанционного управления.4. Данные о дате, времени выполнения операции сварки, сварном слое,наплавленном валике сварного шва сохраняются в отдельном файле.5. Автоматизированные сварочные системы не требуют значительноговмешательства оператора в ход сварочного процесса.6. Информация о типе и диаметре сварочной проволоки заносится впрограмму.7. По окончании сварки на дисплее отображается вся наиболее важнаяинформация о ходе процесса сварки.8.
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