Read the following monologue of an employee from a Russian - Ответ на вопрос №668874

Вопрос

Read the following monologue of an employee from a Russian scientific research institute and answer a related question. Use one word.
Our research institute has been dedicated to advancing X-ray lithography, a groundbreaking technology that deviates from traditional laser-based approaches. In the traditional laser-based method, laser beams are projected onto a semiconductor material through predefined structures containing circuit patterns. These structures, however, are expensive and time-consuming to create for each circuit design iteration.
In contrast, our X-ray technology offers a more flexible and efficient alternative. Instead of relying on predefined structures, we directly project X-ray beams onto the semiconductor material, enabling precise modification of circuit patterns. This eliminates the need for costly and time-consuming fabrication steps, facilitating rapid prototyping and customization of integrated circuits.
One notable advantage of X-ray technology is its enhanced resolution capabilities compared to traditional laser methods. The X-ray beams achieve finer feature sizes, allowing for the production of complex circuit designs. This leads to improved performance and functionality of the integrated circuits we develop.
Question: What predefined structures does this technology not require?

Ответ