the ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of india - ccras ( pdfdrive ), страница 11

Record area under the curve for a peakcorresponding to gallic acid in track of test solution. Calculate the amount of gallic acidin the test solution using mean area under the curve and the calibration curve of gallicacid.Other requirements:Microbial limit:Aflatoxin:Appendix 2.4.Appendix 2.7.Storage: Store in a cool place in tightly closed amber colured containers, protected fromlight and moisture.Therapeutic uses: Kāsa (cough), Śvāsa (Dyspnoea), K¾ata k¾ī´a (Debility due to chestinjury), Svarabheda (hoarseness of voice), K¾aya (Pthisis), H¨droga (Heart disease),Agnimāndya (loss of appetite), Uroroga (disease of thorax), Vātarakta (Gout), Pipāsā(thirst), Mūtraroga (urinary diseases), Śukra do¾a (abnormalities in semen), Jarā(senility/progeriasis). Used as a Rasāyana (rejuvenating agents), Medhya (brain tonic/nootropic), Sm¨tiprada (memory provider).Dose: 25 g daily in divided doses.Anupana: Water, Milk.KALYĀ³ĀVALEHA(AFI, Part-II, 3:4)Definition:Kalyā´āvaleha is a semisolid preparation made with the ingredients of the Formulationcomposition given below.Formulation composition:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Haridrā APIVacā APIKu¾°ha APIPippalī APIŚu´°hī APIAjājī (Śveta Jīraka API)Ajamodā APIYa¾°īmadhu (Ya¾°ī API)Saindhava lava´a APISarpi (Gogh¨ta API )Curcuma longaAcorus calamusSaussurea lappaPiper longumZingiber officinaleCuminum cyminumApium leptophyllumGlycyrrhiza glabraRock saltClarified butter from cow’s milkRz.Rz.Rt.Fr.Rz.Fr.Fr.Rt.1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part1 partQ.S (6 parts)Method of preparation:Take all ingredients of pharmacopoeial quality.Clean, dry and powder the ingredients numbered 1 to 9 separately and pass through sievenumber 85.

Mix all the ingredients thoroughly.Add Sarpi (Gogh¨ta) to the mixture, stir thoroughly to form a semisolid mass.Pack it in tightly closed containers to protect from light and moisture.Description:Semisolid paste, yellowish-brown in color with pungent odour, astringent and salty taste.Identification:Microscopy:Take about 5 g of avaleha, wash thoroughly with n-hexane; repeat twice; take thesediment and wash with hot water to remove salt.

Clarify a few mg with chloral hydrateand mount in 50 per cent glycerine; boil a few mg in 2 per cent potassium hydroxidesolution , wash, and mount in glycerine; mount a few mg in iodine solution; observe thefollowing characters in different mounts.Groups of yellow coloured, suberized, angular parenchymatous cells, patches of pittedparenchyma with beaded cell walls, pits simple, patches of thick walled, angular cellsfilled with very small simple and compound, starch grains, multicellular, multiseriatetrichomes, fragments of vittae (Śvetajīraka); patches of thick walled angular or slightlywavy parenchyma, pitted parenchyma, parenchymatous cells with reticulate thickenings,oil cells, unicellular, simple and glandular trichomes and fragments of vittae showinglarge polygonal epitheial cells (Ajamodā); groups of parenchymatous cells, denselypacked with starch grains, isolated starch grains, simple, oval to rod shaped, measuring 15to 70 μ in length, hilum eccentric, lamellae distinct; yellow coloured oleo resin cells,non-lignified, septate fibres some of them bearing marks of adjacent cells pressing againstthem, 30 to 50 μ broad, (Śu´°hī); groups of large perisperm cells packed with minutestarch grains, elongated stone cells measuring 130 to 190 µ in dia with broad lumenisolated or in groups (Pippalī); groups of polygonal and elongated parenchymatous cells,orange or brownish resin cells, branched tracheids, inulin crystals (Ku¾°ha); groups oflarge parenchymatous tissues with cells filled with spheroidal starch grains which aremostly single, rarely in 2 or 3 groups, 2 to 10 µ in dia, interrupted by aerenchymatousspace, oil cells with suberized walls (Vacā); crystal fibres and pitted vessels showinghoneycomb structure (Ya¾°himadhu); cells with yellow pigment turning red in sulfuricacid 50 per cent, and cells with large starch grains, partially gelatinised (Haridrā).Thin layer chromatography:Defat 5 g of Kalyā´āvaleha with 75 ml of n-hexane under reflux on a water-bath for 30min.

Filter and discard the hexane extract. Extract the defatted marc with 75 ml ofchloroform under reflux for 30 min. Filter and concentrate the extract to 10 ml and carryout the thin layer chromatography. Apply 10 µl of the chloroform extract on TLC plateand develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm using toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (9 : 1 :1) as mobile phase.

After development allow the plate to dry in air and examine underultraviolet light (366 nm). It shows major spots at Rf 0.22 (blue), 0.29, 0.45 (bothyellow), 0.60, 0.68 (both blue).Chemical tests:a) Treat the avaleha with concentrated sulphuric acid; orange red colour developsindicating the presence of curcuminoids (Haridrā).b) Treat the avaleha with 10% solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; redto violet colour develops indicating the presence of curcuminoids (Haridrā).Physico-chemical parameters:Loss on drying:2.2.10.Total ash:2.2.3.Not more than 5.5 per cent,AppendixNot more than 12.0 per cent,AppendixAcid- insoluble ash:2.2.4.Alcohol- soluble extractive:2.2.7.Water- soluble extractive:2.2.8.pH (1% aqueous solution):Not more than 2.0 per cent,AppendixNot less than 46.0 per cent,AppendixNot less than 11.0 per cent,Appendix5.1 and 5.3,Appendix 3.3.Starch:2.2.14.Not less than 42.0 per cent,AppendixOther requirements:Microbial Limits:Aflatoxins:Appendix 2.4.Appendix 2.7.Storage: Store in a cool place in tightly closed containers, protected from light andmoisture.Therapeutic uses: Svarabheda (hoarseness of voice); Mūkatā (Aphasia).Dose: 12 g daily in divided doses.Anupāna: Water...KŪ½MĀ³±AKA RASĀYANA(Syn.

Kū¾mā´²aka Kha´²a)(AFI, Part-I, 3:7)Definition:.Kū¾mā´²akaRasāyana is a semisolid avaleha preparation made with theingredients in the Formulation composition given below.Formulation composition:1.Kū¾mā´²aka API4.8 kg2.Gh¨ta API768 g3.Kha´²a API. 4.8 kg4. .Fr.5.. officinale6.. cyminum7.zeylanicum8.Elā (Sūksmailā API)24 g9.Patra (Tejaptra API)24 g10Marica API.24 g11Dhānya (Dhānyaka API)24 g12K¾audra (Madhu API)384 g13Jala APIQ.S.Benincasa hispidaFresh Fr.Clarified butter from cow’s milkSugar candyPippalī API96 gŚ¨¬gavera (Śu´°hī API)Rz.Jīraka (Śveta jīraka API)Fr.Tvak APISt. Bk.Elettaria cardamomumPiper longumCinnamomum tamalaLf.Piper nigrumFr.Coriandrum sativumFr.Zingiber96 gCuminum96 gCinnamomum24 gSd.HoneyWaterMethod of preparation:Take all ingredients of pharmacopoeial quality.Wash, dry, powder the ingredients number 4 to 11 (Prak¾epa) separately and pass throughsieve number 85.Take fresh mature fruit of Kū¾mā´²a, remove skin and seeds and cut in to small pieces of2.5 to 5 cm.

Add double the quantity of water. Heat till Kū¾mā´²a pieces become soft tomake pi¾°i maintaining temperature between 900 to 1000. Strain the liquid throughmuslin cloth.Keep the strained liquid separately and crush the boiled pieces of Kū¾mā´²a in an endrunner mill to make a fine paste, fry in Gh¨ta with constant stirring maintainingtemperature between 800 to 900 till the mixture turns brown. Take due care to avoid overroasting or under roasting of pi¾°iAdd sugar to the strained liquid and heat to make “two-thread sugar syrup”.Add the fried paste of Kū¾mā´²a to the syrup, heat with constant stirring maintainingtemperature between 900to 1000 and observe the mixture for formation of soft bolus,which does not disperse in water. Stop heating and allow to cool to 500.Add fine powders of ingredients (prak¾epa) numbered 4 to 11.

Mix thoroughly to preparea homogeneous blend, allow to cool it to room temperature and add Madhu.Pack it in tightly closed containers to protect from light and moisture.Description:Semi solid, malleable, sticky preparation, dark brown in color with spicy odour andpungent, sweet taste.Identification:Microscopy:Weigh about 5 g of the sample, stir with 50 ml of a defatting solvent in a beaker. Pour offthe solvent without loss of material and repeat the process till free from Ghrta.

Wash thesediment in warm water similarly, pour out water. Wash the sediment with distilled waterand centrifuge at medium speed. Decant the supernatant. Take a few mg of the sediment,warm in chloral hydrate and mount in glycerine (50 per cent). Mount a few mg in iodinesolution. Observe the following characters in different mounts.Sac-shaped starch grains with eccentric hilum, non-lignified xylem fibres and xylemvessels with reticulate thickenings (Śu´°hī); multicellular, multiseriate trichomes andsclereid layer from mesocarp (Jīraka); U-shaped stone cells with thickenings on threesides (Tvak); bulbous perisperm cells containing starch grains and small prisms ofcalcium oxalate within (Elā); fragments of multicellular uniseriate, short, stout trichomesand leaf epidermal fragments with sunken paracytic stomata (Tejapatra); highlythickened stone cells with narrow lumen from testa and groups of stone cells interspersedamong parenchyma tissue from hypodermis (Marica); groups of fusiform fibres ofsclerenchyma crisscrossing with each other (Dhānyaka).Thin layer chromatography:Extract 5 g of sample with 75 ml of ethyl acetate under reflux on a water-bath for 30 min.Filter, concentrate the filtrate to 10 ml and carry out the thin layer chromatography.

Apply10 µl of the extract on two separate TLC plates and develop the plates to a distance of 8cm using toluene : ethyl acetate (7 : 3) as mobile phase. After development, allow theplates to dry in air and examine one plate under ultraviolet light at 254 nm. It showsmajor spots at Rf 0.11, 0.24 (piperine), 0.42 and 0.47, when observed at 366 nm it showsmajor spots at Rf 0.10 (blue), 0.20 (green), 0.24 (blue, piperine), 0.33 (green), 0.37 (blue),0.48 (blue) and 0.59 (blue).

Derivatize the plate with modified Dragendorff’s reagent andobserve under visible light. It shows orange-coloured spots at Rf 0.24 (piperine), 0.27 and0.83. Spray the second plate with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent followed byheating at 1100 for about 10 min and examine under visible and ultraviolet light. Undervisible light, it shows major spots at Rf 0.24 (green, piperine), 0.37 (violet), 0.47 (violet),0.51 (violet) and 0.59 (violet). Under ultraviolet light (366 nm), it shows major spots atRf 0.24, (fluorescent yellow, piperine), 0.26 (red), 0.36 (red), 0.46 (pink), 0.60 (red) and0.70 (red).Physico-chemical parameters:Total Ash:2.2.3.Acid-insoluble ash:2.2.4.Alcohol-soluble extractive:2.2.7.Water-soluble extractive:2.2.8Reducing sugars:5.1.3.1.Non-reducing sugars:5.1.3.3.pH (5% aqueous solution):Not more than 1.0 per cent,AppendixNot more than 0.2 per cent,AppendixNot less than 45 per cent,AppendixNot less than 75 per cent,Appendix67 to 70 per cent,Appendix5.6 to 5.8 per cent,Appendix4.0 to 4.5,Appendix 3.3.Assay:The formulation contains not less than 0.008 per cent of piperine when assayed by thefollowing method.Estimation of piperine: Dissolve 5 mg of piperine in methanol and make up the volume to100 ml in a volumetric flask.