2003 Лекции по философии, страница 17
Описание файла
PDF-файл из архива "2003 Лекции по философии", который расположен в категории "". Всё это находится в предмете "современная философия и методология науки" из 9 семестр (1 семестр магистратуры), которые можно найти в файловом архиве МГУ им. Ломоносова. Не смотря на прямую связь этого архива с МГУ им. Ломоносова, его также можно найти и в других разделах. .
Просмотр PDF-файла онлайн
Текст 17 страницы из PDF
=hlnjb^E_c[gbp;bh]jZnbybkhqbg_gby. =hlnjb^<bev]_evfE_c[gbp±jh^beky\E_cipb]_ K ih ]h^u mqbeky \ E_cipb]kdhf mgb\_jkbl_l_ ]^_ m^_eye hkh[h_ \gbfZgb_xjbkijm^_gpbbbfZl_fZlbq_kdhceh]bd_<±gZoh^bekygZkem`[_mFZcgpkdh]hdmjnxjklZijbqzfg_lhevdhaZgbfZekyxjb^bq_kdbfb\hijhkZfbghb\zebkke_^h\Zgby\h[eZklbnbehkhnbbijbjh^ul_hjbbihagZgby<wlh\j_fyhgkha^Zzlk\hci_j\uck_jvzaguc ljm^ ± ©Gh\mx nbabq_kdmx ]bihl_amª K ih ]h^u E_c[gbp gZoh^blky k ^biehfZlbq_kdhcfbkkb_c\IZjb`_a^_kvnbehkhn bf_e \hafh`ghklv h[sZlvky k \_^msbfbfZl_fZlbdZfbqlhijb\_ehdhldjulbxbf\]h^m^bnn_j_gpbZevgh]hbbgl_]jZevgh]hbkqbke_gby GZ h[jZlghf imlb \ =_jfZgbx E_c[gbp ihk_lbe =heeZg^bx ]^_ [_k_^h\Ze khKibghahc b magZe h [bheh]bq_kdbo jZ[hlZo E_\_g]mdZ K ]h^Z nbehkhn gZoh^blky gZkem`[_ m=Zggh\_jkdbo]_jph]h\g_kfhljygZ[hevrmxaZgylhklvhgijh^he`Z_lnbehkhnkdb_baukdZgbyba^Z\Zy©JZafure_gb_hihagZgbbbklbg_bb^_yoªb©Gh\mxkbkl_fmijbjh^uªHglZd`_\_^zlZdlb\gmxjZ[hlmihkha^ZgbxZdZ^_fbcgZmd±\qZklghklbIjmkkdhc\;_jebg_]h^±E_c[gbpklZgh\blky_zij_ab^_glhfg_ihdb^Zyijbwlhf]hkm^Zjkl\_gghckem`[uH^gZdhihke_^gb_]h^u`bagbhdZaZebkv^eynbehkhnZhq_gvly`zeufb_^bgkl\_ggZyjZ[hlZba^ZggZyihke_]h^Z±©L_h^bp_yªohlybf_gghi_j\h_^_kylbe_lb_XVIII \_dZ[ueh ^ey nbehkhnbb E_c[gbpZ gZb[he__ ieh^hl\hjguf < wlh `_ \j_fy [ueb gZibkZgZ«FhgZ^heh]byªba^ZggZyebrvihke_kf_jlbZ\lhjZb©Gh\u_hiuluhq_eh\_q_kdhfjZamf_gbbª±ihe_fbdZkEhddhfg_him[ebdh\ZggZybaaZkf_jlbZg]ebckdh]hnbehkhnZEzc[gbpmf_j^_dZ[jy]h^Z±\gbs_l_baZ[\_gbbHkgh\gu_ ijbgpbiu f_lh^Z Kms_kl\mxl jZaebqgu_ \ZjbZglu \u^_e_gby ijbgpbih\f_lh^Zqlhk\yaZghk^hklZlhqgh[hevrbfdhebq_kl\hfwlboijbgpbih\L_fg_f_g__\k_bkke_^h\Zl_eb_^bgu\hij_^_e_gbbq_lujzoiheh`_gbce_`Zsbo\hkgh\_\k_cnbehkhnbbE_c[gbpZI_j\h_iheh`_gb_ – ijbgpbi\k_h[sbojZaebqbc\k_\_sbmgbdZevgujZaebqgudZddZq_kl\_gghlZdbihijhkljZgkl\_gghfmjZkiheh`_gbxgb]^_g_[u\Z_lkh\_jr_ggh]hkoh^kl\Z<lhjh_iheh`_gb_ – lh`^_kl\_gghklvg_jZaebqbfuo\_s_c^\_\_sb^eydhlhjuo\k_k\hckl\Zi_j\hcijbkmsb\lhjhcZ\k_k\hckl\Z\lhjhc±i_j\hc_klvh^gZblZ`_\_svLZdbfh[jZahf\kydZy\_svlh`^_kl\_ggZkZfhck_[_Z^\_\_sbaZgbfZxsb_jZagu_iheh`_gby\ijhkljZgkl\_beb\j_f_gbjZaebqgudZq_kl\_gghLj_lvbfy\ey_lkyijbgpbi\k_h[s_cg_ij_ju\ghklbf_`^mex[ufb^\mfyh[t_dlZfbkms_kl\m_l[_kdhg_qgh_qbkeh^jm]boh[t_dlh\lh_klvf_`^mex[ufb^\mfykhklhygbyfbh^gh]hblh]h`_ij_^f_lZkms_kl\m_l[_kdhg_qgh_qbkeh^jm]bokhklhygbcGZ hkgh\Zgbbwlh]h ijbgpbiZ E_c[gbp \\h^bl \ jZkkfhlj_gb_ k\h_h[jZagmx Z[kljZdpbx ± g_ij_ju\gmx«fbjh\mxebgbxªdZ`^ZylhqdZdhlhjhc_klvlhlbebbghch[t_dl\qZklghklbjZagu_lhqdb ± jZagu_ khklhygby h^gh]h b lh]h `_ ij_^f_lZ K ihfhsvx wlhc Z[kljZdpbb E_c[gbpjZkdju\Z_lfgh]b_q_jluk\h_]hmq_gby±gZijbf_jbag_ij_ju\ghklbijyfhcke_^mxl[_k81dhg_qghklvfbjh\hcebgbbb[_kdhg_qghklvjZa\blbyfhgZ^hlkmlkl\b_gmeydZdg_dhlhjh]hi_j\bqgh]hkhklhygbyij_^f_lh\Gh^eyiheghp_gghcZgZeh]bblj_[m_lky_szh^ghfiheh`_gb_ q_l\zjluc ijbgpbi f_lh^Z ijh\ha]eZrZ_l ^bkdj_lghklv beb fhgZ^ghklv \kydbch[t_dlij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hckZfhklhyl_evgmxkm[klZgpbx±fhgZ^m.>hihegbl_evgu_ ijbgpbiu f_lh^Z DZd m`_ ]h\hjbehkv \ur_ kms_kl\mxl jZagu_fg_gbyh[h[s_fqbke_ijbgpbih\f_lh^ZmE_c[gbpZ>@\u^_ey_liheh`_gbclh_klvdjhf_ q_lujzo hkgh\guo kms_kl\m_l _sz ^hihegbl_evguo Iyluc ijbgpbi ihklmebjm_liheghlm fbjZ fbj kh^_j`bl \ k_[_ \kx iheghlm \hafh`guo \_s_c ^\b`_gbc b k\hckl\R_klhcijbgpbi – ijbgpbikh\_jr_gkl\Z±]h\hjblhlhfqlhfbjmkljh_ggZbemqrbf\hafh`gufh[jZahfK_^vfhcijbgpbiijh\ha]eZrZ_li_j_oh^\hafh`gh]h\^_ckl\bl_evgh_E_c[gbpgZau\Z_l \hafh`guf lh qlh eh]bq_kdb fukebfh b ^himklbfh Z ^_ckl\bl_evguf ± j_Zevghkms_kl\mxs__lh_klvfhgZ^uIjbwlhfih^g_h[oh^bfufhgihgbfZ_l\kzhljbpZgb_q_]h\_^zldijhlb\hj_qbxZih^kemqZcguf±h[jZlgh_dg_h[oh^bfhfmLZdbfh[jZahfhljbpZgb_ kemqZcgh]h \hafh`gh dZd eh]bq_kdb lZd b nbabq_kdb [m^mqb jZpbhgZebklhfE_c[gbp ijb^_j`b\Zeky ijbgpbiZ lh`^_kl\Z eh]bq_kdh]h b nbabq_kdh]h fbjh\ ± kf H^gZdhijblZdhfhij_^_e_gbbg_h[oh^bfhklbbkemqZcghklb\kzqlhg_y\ey_lkyeh]bq_kdbg_h[oh^bfuf eh]bq_kdb kemqZcgh b ijb wlhf nbabq_kdb g_h[oh^bfh \_^v eh]bq_kdb kemqZcgh_eh]bq_kdb\hafh`ghlh_klv\hafh`ghnbabq_kdbZhljbpZgb_nbabq_kdb\hafh`gh]h\_^zldijhlb\hj_qbxLZdbfh[jZahfeh]bq_kdbcbnbabq_kdbcfbjuhdZau\Zxlkyg_lh`^_kl\_ggufb±wlhh^ghbaijhlb\hj_qbcmq_gbyE_c[gbpZ< \hkvfhf ijbgpbi_ f_lh^Z E_c[gbp h[t_^bgy_l ljb aZdhgZ eh]bdb :jbklhl_ey kf2.3.6); ^_\ylh_iheh`_gb_ – aZdhg^hklZlhqgh]hhkgh\Zgbykms_kl\h\Zgb_ex[hc\_sbbklbgghklvbebeh`ghklvml\_j`^_gby^he`gubf_lvk\hzhkgh\Zgb_>_kylucijbgpbi]h\hjblh\k_h[s_ck\yabkms_kl\m_lk\yav\gmljbdZ`^hcfhgZ^u lh _klv \kydh_ y\e_gb_ fh`_l [ulv h[tykg_gh ebrv ij_^r_kl\mxsbf GZdhg_p h^bggZ^pZlh_ iheh`_gb_ – ijbgpbifbgbfmfZ b fZdkbfmfZ \kz \ fbj_ klj_fblky ijbclb d fZdkbfZevghfm j_amevlZlm fbgbfZevgufbkj_^kl\ZfbBlZdijbgpbiuf_lh^ZE_c[gbpZihklmebjmxldZdgZb[he__h[sb_iheh`_gbyjZpbhgZebafZlZdbhkgh\umq_gbykZfh]hnbehkhnZFgh]b_bagbohdZaZebkv\Z`gub^ey^Zevg_cr_]hjZa\blbyijbqzfg_lhevdhnbehkhnbbgZijbf_jaZdhg^hklZlhqgh]hhkgh\ZgbyklZemNbol_kfh^gbfbaeh]bq_kdboaZdhgh\ZijbgpbifbgbfmfZbfZdkbfmfZ\dZdhflhkfuke_ij_^r_kl\h\Zeijbgpbim=ZfbevlhgZ\nbabd_FhgZ^ubok\hckl\ZbjZa\blb_ <q_l\zjlhfijbgpbi_f_lh^Z]h\hjblky h lhf qlh\kydZyfhgZ^Z_klvkm[klZgpbylZdbfh[jZahfE_c[gbpkjZam `_ ihklmebjm_l [_kdhg_qgh_fgh]hh[jZab_ km[klZgpbc Gh b \kydZy hl^_evgZy fhgZ^Z g_ fh`_l [ulv ij_^klZ\e_gZ dZdijhklZy lhqdZ ijyfhc wlh kdhj__ g_dbc ©f_lZnbabq_kdbc ^bnn_j_gpbZeª ©fbjh\hc ebgbbª ± [_kdhg_qgh fZeuc ijhf_`mlhd dhlhjuc ijb wlhf g_kzl gZ k_[_ [_kdhg_qgh_ qbkehhl^_evguolhq_d<hglheh]bq_kdhfkfuke_wlhhagZqZ_lqlh\kydZykm[klZgpby[_kdhg_qgZdZq_kl\_gghghdhg_qgZihk\h_cijhly`zgghklb>Ze__\kydZyfhgZ^ZgZoh^blky\ ihklhygghfjZa\blbbwlhiha\hey_lE_c[gbpmhij_^_eblvkm[klZgpbxdZd[_kdhg_qgucihlhdi_j_f_g\dhlhjhfbaf_g_gbyj_ZevghklbbkhagZgby^\b`_gb_bjZa\blb_kh\iZ^ZxlLZdbfh[jZahffhgZ^ugZoh^ylky\g_j_Zevgh]hfbjZhgb^_yl_evgu^moh\gu_kbeuihjh`^Zxl^moh\gh_^\b`_gb_dhlhjh_\k\hxhq_j_^vh[gZjm`b\Z_lk_[y\^\b`_gbbfZl_jbZevghfDjhf_wlh]hfhgZ^u[_kkf_jlgulZddZdhgbg_fh]mljZkiZklvkygZkhklZ\gu_qZklb@bagvfhgZ^ukdeZ^u\Z_lkybaklj_fe_gbyb\hkijbylbyJZa\blb_fhgZ^hlgbarbod\ukrbf k\yaZgh k i_j_f_s_gb_f h[t_dlZ bo \hkijbylby gZ \kz gh\u_ ©jy^u fure_gbyªGbarb_ beb ©]heu_ fhgZ^u ij_^klZ\eyxl kh[hc g_hj]Zgbq_kdmx ijbjh^m hgb ©kiyl [_akgh\b^_gbcª>Ze__ke_^mxlfhgZ^uh[eZ^Zxsb_hsms_gb_fb\hkijbylb_f±wlh`b\hlgu_Lj_lbcdeZkkfhgZ^ij_^klZ\eyxlkh[hc^mrbex^_c±Zdlb\gu_khagZgbyh[eZ^Zxsb_iZfylvxbkihkh[ghklvxdjZkkm`^_gbx<kydZyfhgZ^Zklj_fblkyd\ukr_fmdeZkkmijh82oh^y\k\hzfjZa\blbbq_j_agbarb_LZdZyw\hexpbykhagZgbyiha\hey_lh[tykgblvijbkmlkl\b_mq_eh\_dZjy^Zgbarbonmgdpbcfure_gbylZdbodZdkfmlgh_kha_jpZgb_khhl\_lkl\_ggh\k_ex^bklj_fylkydjZa\blbxk\h_]hfure_gbyGhhgb\kzjZ\ghh]jZgbq_gu\wlhfij_^_eZfbdeZkkZk\h_cfhgZ^u±iju`hdbah^gh]hdeZkkZ\^jm]hcg_\hafh`_gb`b\hlgh_gbdh]^Zg_klZg_lq_eh\_dhfDZd`_ ijhbkoh^beZ w\hexpby fhgZ^" A^_kv E_c[gbpg_ ^Zzl ijyfh]h hl\_lZ gh ih\b^bfhfm \hagbdgh\_gb_ gh\h]h deZkkZ k\yaZgh k g_dbf©iju`dhfª\h[eZklbdZq_kl\dhlhjucih^kbemlhevdh\ukr_cfhgZ^_<ukrZyfhgZ^ZE_c[gbpki_pbZevghih^qzjdb\Z_lhlkmlkl\b_ ©dhgpZª ©fbjh\hc ebgbbª l_f g_ f_g__ hg \\h^bl ihgylb_ \ukr_c fhgZ^u dZd g_dh_]h [_kdhg_qgh]h ij_^_eZjZa\blby Wlh ihgylb_ nbehkhn b gZau\Z_l ;h]hf dhlhjuc jZamf__lky hdZau\Z_lky g_ihagZ\Z_fuf ^ey \k_o ^jm]bo fhgZ^ \_^v hgb gb`_ g_]h H^gZdh m`_ a^_kv \hagbdZ_l jy^ijhlb\hj_qbckljZ^bpbhggufihgbfZgb_f;h]Zhg^he`_g[ulv[_kl_e_k_ggh\kydZyfhgZ^Zbf__ll_e_kgh_ ijhy\e_gb_ lZd dZd kZfh ihgylb_ fhgZ^u \hagbdZ_l ba ijbgpbiZ jZaebqghklbex[uo^\mol_e_kguoh[t_dlh\;he__lh]h;h]^he`_g[ulv[_kij_^_evgufgh\kydZyfhgZ^Z_klv\k_]hebrv©f_lZnbabq_kdbc^bnn_j_gpbZeªdhg_qgucihijhly`zgghklb;_amkeh\ghijblZdhfih^oh^_;h]g_fh`_l[ulvl\hjphffbjZghaZlhhgkh\_jr_gghg_h[oh^bfE_c[gbpmdZd^hklZlhqgh_hkgh\Zgb_[ulby\k_ofhgZ^<hagbdZ_l\_kvfZkljZggZydZjlbgZihf_ldhfmaZf_qZgbxh^gh]hbabkke_^h\Zl_e_c©;h]E_c[gbpZ±fhgZ^ZdhlhjZy^_ckl\m_llZddZd[m^lhhgZ\h\k_g_fhgZ^Zª?^bgkl\_gguf\uoh^hf\b^blkyijbagZgb_ g_dbo ijbgpbibZevguo km[klZgpbZevguo jZaebqbc f_`^m kZfbfb fhgZ^Zfb b boij_^_ehfH^gZdhE_c[gbpg_^ZzllZdhcljZdlh\dbkhojZgyyk\hxijhlb\hj_qb\mxkbkl_fm k ;h]hf \ dZq_kl\_ \ukr_c fhgZ^u ± \_^v bgZq_ \hagbdeZ [u g_h[oh^bfhklv baf_gblv\kx dhgp_ipbx fhgZ^ dZd _^bgkl\_ggh]h kms_]h Z wlh ijhlb\hj_qbl ijbgpbim lh`^_kl\Zeh]bq_kdh]hbj_Zevgh]hfbjh\fhgZ^ukhhl\_lkl\mxlihgylbyfgh\eh]bd_g_lh[t_dlh\hlebqguohlihgylbcE_c[gbp ^Zzl q_luj_ kh[kl\_gguo ^hdZaZl_evkl\Z kms_kl\h\Zgby ;h]Z < i_j\hf hgiulZ_lkyh[hkgh\Zlveh]bq_kdmx\hafh`ghklvkms_kl\h\Zgby;h]Zbkoh^ybalh]hqlh;h]±ijbqbgZkZfh]hk_[yGhbawlh]hke_^m_lebrvlhqlh\kemqZ_kms_kl\h\Zgby;h]Zhgy\ey_lky^hklZlhqgufhkgh\Zgb_fk_[yLjb^jm]bo^hdZaZl_evkl\ZaZbfkl\h\ZgubaKj_^g_\_dh\vyhgbaZdexqZxlky\g_h[oh^bfhklbkms_kl\h\Zgbyi_j\hijbqbgugZebqby^hklZlhqgh]hhkgh\ZgbyaZdhgh\ijbjh^ubgZdhg_p\h\k_h[s_c]ZjfhgbbfbjZLZdbfh[jZahf\\hijhk_ h[hkgh\Zgby ;h]Z E_c[gbp g_ \ghkbl q_]hlh ijbgpbibZevgh gh\h]h AZlh a^_kv\hagbdZ_lihgylb_]Zjfhgbbb]jZxs__\Z`gmxjhev\ihkljh_gbbmq_gbyhijbjh^_E_c[gbp klZedb\Z_lky kh ke_^mxs_c ijh[e_fhc hg ihklmebjm_l aZfdgmlhklv fhgZ^hlkmlkl\b_\aZbfh^_ckl\bcf_`^mgbfbGh\fbj_gZ[ex^Z_lkyh[jZlgh_±bnbehkhnh[tykgy_lwlhbf_gghgZebqb_fg_dhc\gmlj_gg_cij_^mklZgh\e_gghc]ZjfhgbbfbjZIjbqbgZlZdhc]Zjfhgbb±;h]lh_klvbf_gghhghdZau\Z_lky]ZjZglhfkhojZg_gbyaZdhgh\ijbjh^uGhihfbfhaZdhgh\ijbjh^ukms_kl\mxlaZdhgueh]bq_kdb_ba^_kv\hagbdZxlgh\u_ijh[e_fu IjbagZ\Zy ;h]Z \ur_ eh]bq_kdbo aZdhgh\ fu Z\lhfZlbq_kdb hl\_j]Z_f ex[u_ ihiuldb ^hdZaZl_evkl\ kms_kl\h\Zgby ;h]Z gh E_c[gbp ± jZpbhgZebkl Ihwlhfm hg kqblZ_l;h]Z dZd b \kz \ fbj_ ih^qbgyxsbfky aZdhgZf eh]bdb h^gZdh \ wlhf kemqZ_ gZjmrZ_lkyijbgpbilh`^_kl\Znbabq_kdh]hbeh]bq_kdh]hfbjh\\hagbdZ_l_szh^ghijhlb\hj_qb_Mq_gb_hihagZgbb<wlhf\hijhk_E_c[gbpijb^_j`b\Z_lkymq_gby>_dZjlZh©\jh`^zgguo b^_yoª± ih fg_gbx nbehkhnZ d gbf hlghkylky hsms_gby qm\kl\Z dZl_]hjbb gZdehgghklb ih\_^_gby b ihagZgby b gZdhg_p kh^_j`Zgb_ hiulZ LZdbf h[jZahf \kydh_hiulgh_ agZgb_ aZeh`_gh \ q_eh\_dZ bagZqZevgh ihkdhevdm hgh khhl\_lkl\m_l eh]bq_kdhclh _klv b j_Zevghc kljmdlmj_ fbjZ Gh ^ey q_eh\_dZ lZd`_ oZjZdl_jgu kfmlgu_ \hkijbylby ihwlhfm ^Ze_dh g_ \kydbc hiul kihkh[_g ^Zlv bklbggh_ agZgb_ h fbj_ < ihke_^g_fkemqZ_\hagbdZ_lhlghkbl_evgh_\_jhylgh_agZgb_<wlhck\yabE_c[gbp\u^_ey_lljblbiZy\e_gbc: j_Zevgu_wlhl_e_kgu_nhjfufhgZ^bbokmsghkl_c±gZijbf_jhl^_evgh_`b\hlgh_g_j_Zevgu_oZhlbq_kdb_kh_^bg_gby83fhgZ^±gZijbf_jdmqb^jh\klZ^Z`b\hlguobbeexabb\hkijbgbfZ_fu_q_eh\_dhfghg_kms_kl\mxsb_j_Zevghh[t_dlu±gZijbf_jjZ^m]ZQm\kl\_gghihagZ\Zyy\e_gbyq_eh\_dihemqZ_lb^_bwlboy\e_gbc\aZ\bkbfhklbhllbiZy\e_gbyb^_bfh]ml[ulvjZaebqguykgZy b^_y ij_^iheZ]Z_l yjdmx bgl_gkb\gmx b g_ihkj_^kl\_ggmx ^hklh\_jghklv m lzfghcwlb ijbagZdb hlkmlkl\mxl lzfgu_ b^_b khhl\_lkl\mxl ijh^mdlZf \hh[jZ`_gby < k\hxhq_j_^vykgu_b^_bih^jZa^_eyxlkygZhlqzleb\u_l_ijbagZdbdhlhjuojZamfkihkh[_gi_j_qbkeblvbkfmlgu_Hlqzleb\u_b^_bfh]ml[ulvZ^_d\Zlgufbbebg_Z^_d\ZlgufbZi_j\u_lZd`_jZa^_eyxlkygZkbf\hebabjm_fu_bbglmblb\gu_>ZggZydeZkkbnbdZpby^hklZlhqghih^jh[gZghE_c[gbp^Zzl\_kvfZjZafulmxoZjZdl_jbklbdmdZ`^h]hbadeZkkh\ihwlhcijbqbg_bkZfhmq_gb_h[b^_yog_hdZaZehkvieh^hl\hjgufIhfbfh wlh]h nbehkhn \u^_ey_l jZaebqgu_ \b^u bklbg wlh bklbgu eh]bq_kdb_ aZnbdkbjh\Zggu_\eh]bq_kdhckljmdlmj_fbjZijhba\h^gu_eh]bq_kdb_\u\h^bfu_baeh]bq_kdbofZl_fZlbdhcbnbabdhcbbklbgunZdlZIhke_^gb_e_`Zl\hkgh\_hiulZZihlhfmfh]ml[ulvihemq_guba_]hj_amevlZlh\bg^mdpb_cLZdaZdj_iey_lkyh^ghbahkgh\guoiheh`_gbcjZpbhgZebafZh[eZklvwfibjbq_kdh]hihagZgbyh]jZgbq_gZ Z hkgh\gu_ ± eh]bq_kdb_±bklbgu^hklmiguebrvjZamfmBf_gghlZdb_bklbgui_j\bqguihkdhevdm\k_ijhqb_ fh]ml [ulv ^_^mdlb\gh ba gbo \u\_^_gu H^gZdh lZdhc ijhp_kk g_ ih^ kbem q_eh\_q_kdhfmjZamfmihwlhfmbhl\_j]Zlviheghklvxqm\kl\_ggh_ihagZgb_g_ke_^m_lBlh]b E_c[gbp kha^Zzl jZpbhgZebklbq_kdmx dZjlbgm fbjZ Zevl_jgZlb\gmx mq_gbxKibghauH^gZdhwlZdZjlbgZ\hh[s_]h\hjyg_klhevm[_^bl_evgZm`_hlf_qZebkvijhlb\hj_qby k\yaZggu_ k \\_^_gb_f ;h]Z Gh b \hijhkhf h ;h]_ ^_eh a^_kv g_ h]jZgbqb\Z_lky_keb lh`^_kl\h eh]bq_kdh]h b j_Zevgh]h fbjh\ kdjulh m Kibghau \ ^_^mdlb\ghf \u\h^_fh^mkh\km[klZgpbb\hklZevguo\hijhkZojZkkfZljb\Z_lkylhevdhijbjh^Zlh_klvj_ZevgucfbjlhE_c[gbpihklhygghhi_jbjm_l^\mfyfbjZfbwlhijb\h^bldijhlb\hj_qbyf\\hijhk_hg_h[oh^bfhfbkemqZcghfL_fg_f_g__iexjZebklbq_kdh_\hkijbylb_km[klZgpbbhdZaZehkv^hklZlhqghieh^hl\hjgufg_f_pdh_Ijhk\_s_gb_kfZ\ke_^aZgbfbdeZkkbq_kdZyg_f_pdZynbehkhnbykljhbebkvgZ^\moZevl_jgZlb\guodhgp_ipbyo±KibghaubE_c[gbpZGh_kebIjhk\_s_gb_aZgbfZehkvijhklufkbgl_ahfwlboljZ^bpbclhDZglkf gZqZe k ihiuldb ©jZa\_^_gbyª ijhlb\hiheh`guo dhgp_ipbc ± wfibjbafZ b jZpbhgZebafZ>_dZjlZbKibghauBf_ggh^eyDZglZhdZaZebkvijbgpbibZevgh\Z`gufbgZf_lb\rb_kymE_c[gbpZijhlb\hiheh`ghklb±jZaebqbyblh`^_kl\_gghklbg_ij_ju\ghklbb^bkdj_lghklbIhwlhcijbqbg_qZklhkqblZxlqlhE_c[gbpij_^\hkoblbeg_f_pdmx^bZe_dlbdm\i_j\u_\u^_eb\^bZe_dlbq_kdb_ijhlb\hiheh`ghklbgZnmg^Zf_glZevghf[ulbcghfZg_gZqm\kl\_gghfijbjh^ghfmjh\g_dZd=_jZdeblkfHkh[_gghklb ihabpbb Dbk_ez\Z Dbk_ez\ ki_pbZevgh ih^qzjdb\Z_l eh]bqghklv ijhbkoh`^_gbymq_gbyE_c[gbpZbadhgp_ipbbKibghauihke_^gbcklhedgmekykijh[e_fhckhhlghr_gby_^bghckm[klZgpbbbfgh]hqbke_gguoij_^f_lh\ihwlhfmgZb[he__ijhklufimlzfdZaZehkv©jZa^_eblvªkm[klZgpbxgZfgh`_kl\hqZkl_ckhhl\_lkl\mxsbobg^b\b^mZevguf ij_^f_lZf LZd E_c[gbp k\h_h[jZagh \hajh^be Zlhfbaf bkdexqb\ ijb wlhf ihgylb_imklhlukh]eZkghlj_lv_fmijbgpbimf_lh^Zfbjg_ij_ju\_gA^_kv\ijbgpbi_g_l\hajZ`_gbc ohly g_h[oh^bfh aZf_lblv qlh fhgZ^heh]by bf__l d Zlhfbafm \_kvfZ dhk\_ggh_hlghr_gb_±\k_h[t_dlu_klvl_e_kgu_ijhy\e_gbyfhgZ^ghg_khklZ\e_gubagbodZdbaZlhfh\ Djhf_ wlh]h m^_ey_lky hkh[h_ \gbfZgb_ lhfm qlh E_c[gbp kha^Z\ k\hx jZpbhgZebklbq_kdmx dhgp_ipbx klhedgmeky k jy^hf ijhlb\hj_qbc hlkx^Z ^_eZ_lky \u\h^ g_h[oh^bfhbamqZlvijhlb\hj_qb_Zg_hl[jZku\Zlv\kydmxijhlb\hj_qb\mxdhgp_ipbxdZdg_\_jgmxWlhlnZdl\u^_ey_lkydZdh^gZbaijbqbgi_j_oh^Zd^bZe_dlbd_\deZkkbq_kdhcg_f_pdhc nbehkhnbb \hl lhevdh ihq_fm lZdhc i_j_oh^ g_ ijhbahrze jZgvr_ \_^v ihqlb m\k_o nbehkhnh\ [ueh ^hklZlhqgh ijhlb\hj_qbc" GZ\_jgh_ ihlhfm qlh g_ [ueh ih^oh^ysbobklhjbq_kdbomkeh\bc84NbehkhnbyIjhk\_s_gbyH[sb_aZf_qZgby<j_f_ggu_jZfdbbbklhjbq_kdb_mkeh\by.