English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova, страница 5

(how old?)No, I’m not.From Australia.I’m 18.No, I’m a secretary.No, she’s a lawyer....Last time you asked me to tell you aboutmy family. OK, this is the photo of my family.The man on the rig h t........................................She’s Italian.Rachel.She’s 40.Yours,Mary11THEVERBThe Verb to b e in the Past Simple TenserPOSITIVE FORMVNEGATIVE FORMIwasIwasYouwereYouHeSheItwaswaswasWeYouTheywerewerewereQUESTIONSnotWasI?were notWereyou?HeSheItwaswaswasWasWasWashe?she?it?WeYouTheywere notwere notwere notWereWereWerewe?you?they?notnotnot\was not = wasn’twere not = w eren’t□I am in Russia now. - I was in Russia last summer.(Я в России сейчас. - Я был в России прошлым летом.)□The weather is nice. - The weather was nice when we were on holiday.(Погода хорошая. - Погода была хорошая, когда мы были на каникулах.)EXERCISES(A)II(A) Fill in a m /is /a re /w a s /w e re .

Somesentences are Present and some are Past.1. Last year their son was 26 so he is 27 now.2. Today the weather.....................nice but yesterdayi t ....................... cold. 3 . 1........................ cold. Can Ihave something hot to drink? 4. I .......................hungry last night so I had something to eat. 5. Where.....................you at 10 o ’clock last Sunday morning?6. Don’t buy those shoes. T h e y ..................... tooexpensive.

7. Why ......................... you so tiredyesterday? 8. We must go now. I t ......................verylate. 9. This time last year I ......................in England.10. W e .....................tired when we arrived homeso we went to bed. 11. Anton Chekhov died in 1904.H e .....................a famous Russian writer. 12. “Where....................... the dogs?” - “ I don’t know.

They...................... in the garden ten minutes ago.”Fill in was/wasn’t/were/weren’t.1. We didn’t like that house. It was very old and itwasn’t large enough. 2. Helen got married when she...................... 21 years old. 3 . 1called you yesterdayevening but you ....................... at home. Where......................

you? 4. My s o n ........................at worklast week because h e ....................... ill. He’s betternow. 5. The s h o p s ....................... open yesterdaybeca u se it ........................... a p u b lic h olid a y.6. “ ..................... you at home at 9.30?" - “ No, I.......................I ........................ at work.”13(B)W ork in pairs. Ask and answquestions, using the prompts below.(M odel Г) - Where was Peter yesterday evening? *1- He was at the theatre.121.M ichael/hom e2.you and Mary / officeTHE3.Mrs. Brown / library4.your friends / cinema5.Dan and Jack / cafe6.you / city centreVERB"TOBE"disappointed with it because it is very cold and nastythere.T ext ВMr.

Smith was born in 1975 in (5)........................ Histwo sons Patrick and Michael were born in Washington,too, when Mr. Smith was (6)......................... Firsttime they were together in St. Petersburg twoyears ago. Their holiday was g reat because(7)............... Now they are in Moscow. ButMr. Smith is very disappointed with it because(8 )7.you and your colleague / street168.(A, B) Using the verb to be in the PresentSimple and the Past Simple forms, comparepicture A with picture В below.Mr.

Smith / department storePicture A(A, B) Translate into English.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Где они были вчера вечером?Почему ты вчера опоздал?Его вчера не было в университете.Меня там не было.Её не было дома в 5 часов.Почему ты так напугался вчера? (be scared)Вчера было не очень солнечно, но тепло.Она очень нервничала из-за этого неделюназад, но сейчас всё в порядке.9. Они не были больны, я уверен, (be sure)10. Полгода назад это было дорого для них,сейчас - нет.IО(В, С) Work in pairs.

Ask and answerquestions to complete information about Mr. Smithand his children. (Student A looks at Text A, studentВ looks at Text B, they ask and answer questions.)(jVlodelT) When was Mr. Smith born?— He was born in 1975.(M odelГ) Thirty years ago Jack was young andenthusiastic. Now he is a middle-agedman.Text AMr. Smith was born in (1).................... in Washington.His two sons Patrick and Michael were born in(2)..................... when Mr.

Smith was on a two-weekbusiness trip in Russia. First time they were togetherin St. Petersburg (3)....................... Their holiday wasgreat because it was very warm and sunny. Nowthey are in (4)........................ But Mr. Smith is very13THEVERB2. "There + b e " C o n s tru c tio nI.We use the there + be construction when talkingabout the existence or presence of people, things,etc. in a particular place.

This construction has them eaning «есть», «имеется», «находится»,«существует». The verb to be in this constructioncan be used in different tense forms:there is/are there w as/w ere there will bethere has/have been there had been□□□□There are many French books in this library.There was a meeting at the club yesterday.There will be a good crop in this regionthis year.There hasn’t been any rain for some days.Word Order(there + be + subject +)adverbial modifier of placeadverbial modifier of timevThe corresponding Russian sentences begin with adverbial modifiers.^RussianEnglishВ моей комнате есть (имеется) телесЬон.There is a teleDhone in m vroom .В садv (имеется) много яблонь.There are manv aDDle-trees in the aarden.Вчеоа в институте было собоание.There was a meetina at the Institute vesterdav.^VThe verb to be in this construction can be used with modal verbs (can, may, must, ought to):□ There must be a dictionary on the shelf.□ There can be no doubt about it.□ There ought to be more books on the subject in our library.We can also use some other verbs after there - to live, to exist, to stand, to lie, etc.:□ There lived an old doctor in the village.□ There exist different opinions on this problem.If the subjects are of different number, the predicate agrees with the subject that stands first:□ There is a table and six chairs in the room.□ There were some books and a dictionary on the table.I.II.We can also use this construction when it does not refer to a place:a) there + be is used to introduce new information:□ There will be a party tonight.□ There have been two telephone callsfor you.b) to talk about a number or amount:□ There are forty of us, I think.□ There was a great deal of anger about thedecision.14THERE+BE"CONSTRUCTIONInterrogative and Negative Forms□□□Mind that the sentences: “There is a book on thetable".

(«На столе книга».) and “The book is on thetable". («Книга на столе».) have a different meaning.The first one shows that there is something (“a book” )in that place, the second one shows that the object(“the book” ) we now are speaking about or lookingfor is in that place (“on the table” ).Is there a telephone in your room?No, there isn’t.No, there is no telephone in my room.Was there a meeting at the Institute?No, there wasn’t.Will there be many people there?No, there won’t.No, there won’t be any people there.It andThereas Impersonal SubjectsIn many kinds of English sentences we use the word it or the word there in the subject position. These areusually “impersonal” sentences - sentences where there is no natural subject.Impersonal there is used, as it was shown above, to say that something exists in a particular place, tointroduce new information, etc.Impersonal it is used:f -vwhen talkina about the weather:□□It was a nice day yesterday.I t ’s raining hard.- in expressions of time, day and distance:□□□□It is nearly one o ’clock.It was late when we arrived.I t ’s the sixth of April.I t ’s far from here to the nearest town.- when identifying somethina:□□Who is it? - I t ’s me.What is it? - I t ’s a book.- in expressions, such as:□□□I t ’s a pity...It was a shame...I t ’s important to...- to express opinions about places, events.situations:□□□It was fun working with him.It was a pleasure to be there.I t ’s strange we haven’t noticed it.^many students .............................

in your group?5. I was hungry b u t ...........................anything toeat. 6 ..............................a football match on TV lastnight. 7 ................................. many people at themeeting? 8. Look!.......................... an accident. Calli(A, B) Use the there + be construction in the the ambulance! 9 ............................... 24 hours in acorrect tense form.day.

10. This box is empty.............................nothingin it. 11.............................. somebody at the airport1. L o o k !.......................... their telephone numbertomeet you when you arrive tom orrow. 12. Whenin the letter. 2. Chester is a very old town..................wearrived at the c in e m a ,.............................a long.......... many old buildings there.