English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova, страница 101

- Время истекло.W hat’s up? - Что случилось?W ithinwithin reach/sight/hearing - в пределахдостижимости/видимости/слышимостиwithin three miles of - в трех милях отon the average - в среднемon business - по делу/в командировкуon board - на бортуon condition that - при условии чтоon the contrary - наоборотon demand - по требованиюon th e o n e /o th e r hand - с однойстороны/с другой стороныon the part of - со стороны кого-либоon purpose - специальноon sale - в продажеon the whole - в общемand so on - и так далееlater on - позжеbe on - идти (о фильме, пьесе)12. TestsIIA. Put in the correct preposition.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Let’s g o ................... a concert.I’ve spent a d a y ...................

York.We usually m e e t.................. the University.They are delivering the fu rn itu re ...................my f la t .................... Tuesday.Do you think you can finish the p aintin g ................... Easter?She sat d o w n ................... me and started lo o kin g ....................

me.She was stan d in g ...................a crowd of children.It’s interesting to w o rk ................... her.We w e n t................... the field and th e n .................... the woods.375THEPREPOSITIONВ. Put in at, in, on, ( - )1234567891011............. Easter......................Friday......................1944..................... the evening..................... Monday evening..................... May..................... next Sunday..................... what time?..................... supper time...................

this Saturday................... Sunday afternoonIIA. Put in the correct preposition.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Stop shouting...................me.Can you repair my w a tc h ...................Tuesday? I’m leaving on Wednesday.Somebody has p a rke d ...................my garage door, I can’t get my car out.I sent i t ...................London yesterday.I went to see my fa th e r................... Canada.Our house i s ................... the wood and the river.We’ll come and see you some tim e ...................Christmas and Easter.I found the le tte r...................some old papers.It’s difficult to s w im ................... the river.B. Put in at, in, on, ( - ) .I2.345678910II............

next MondayI don’t k n o w ................... what time it’s now......................1998.....................Tuesday.................... Monday morn:ng..................... the afternoon..................... April..................... dinnertim e..................... this Friday...................Christmas................... Saturday eveningTHE COMPOUND SENTENCEAND THE COMPLEX SENTENCE1. The C o m p o u n d S e n te n c eIt is a sentence which consists of two or more clauses coordinated with each other, each clause has a subjectand a predicate of its own.In a compound sentence the clauses may be connected:b) without a conjunction:a) by means of coordinating conjunctions: and, or,□ The rain fell softly, the house was quiet.else (иначе), but or conjunctive adverbs: otherwise(иначе), however (однако), nevertheless (тем неSome conjunctions are used in pairs (correlatively):менее), yet/still (всё-таки, тем не менее), thereforeboth ...

and, e ith e r... or, n e ith e r... nor, not o n ly ...(поэтому):but (also).□Не went to his study but he couldn’t work.These conjunctions are more widely used in simple□ There was no news, nevertheless she wentsentences but sometimes they can be used inon hoping.compoundsentences:□ She’s vain (тщеславна) and foolish and yet□Heis either in Paris or in London.people like her.□Eitheryou’re lying or he must be an□He has treated you badly: still, he’s yourabsolutewimp.brother and you ought to help him.□Do what you’ve been told, otherwise you’llbe punished.□He was mistaken, however he went ondoing his way.2. The C o m p le x S e n te n c eA complex sentence is a hierarchical structure whichconsists of an independent (main! clause and oneor more dependent (subordinate) clauses.

Thesubordinate clauses may function grammatically asa subject, object, predicative, attribute or adverbialmodifier in a main clause. The subordinate clausesare g e n e ra lly in tro d u c e d bv s u b o rd in a tin gconjunctions and connectives. These conjunctionsand connectives are often polysem antic andmultifunctional, which may cause confusion in usageand understanding. We shall consider here only thosetypes of sentences and connectives which maypresent some difficulties in understanding andtranslating.A subordinate clause mav follow, precede or interruptthe main clause:□I asked him why he had come.□ Since it was Saturday, he didn’t go to hisoffice.□ The man who lives next door is veryfriendly.377THECOMPOUNDSENTENCEANDTHECOMPLEXSENTENCE2.1 Subject ClausesSubordinate subject clauses perform the function of a subject to the predicate of the main clause. Subjectclauses are introduced by the following connectives:- то, чтоthatwhat- то, что; что ..., так это ...if, whether- частица ли после сказуемого в предложении-подлежащем- кто; тот, ктоwhowhoever- кто бы ни ..; всякий, ктоwhich- кто из; который изwhatever- всё, что; что бы ни- то, где; вопрос о том, где; то, куда; вопрос о том, кудаwherewhen- то, когда; вопрос о том, когда- то, почему; вопрос о том, почемуwhy- то, как; вопрос о том, какhowhow + adjective - насколько + прилагательное□That he will never agree to this plan is absolutely clear.

- To, что он никогда не согласится сэтим планом, совершенно ясно.W hether he will agree to join us is not quite clear. - Ещё не совсем ясно, согласится ли онприсоединиться к нам.What was done could not be undone. - Что сделано, того уже не исправить.Who her mother was, was the question. - Кто был её матерью - вот вопрос.When we shall start is uncertain.

- Когда мы отправимся, неизвестно.W hoever is elected Prime Minister, lives at 10 Downing Street. - Кто бы ни был избранпремьер-министром, он живёт на Даунинг-стрит, 10.How important it is to start the work right away is clear to everybody. - Всем ясно, наскольковажно начать эту работу немедленно.□□□□□□NOTES:1.When a subject clause is placed at the end of a sentence, it is introduced by the introductory it:□It is surprising how your voice hasn’t changed.In these cases, subordinate subject clauses can be introduced without any connectives:□ It is a pity you are leaving.2.IUsually, subject clauses are not separated from the main clause bv a comma.(B) Translate the sentences into Russian.1. That electrons compose the atom was settled butwhat an electron is was yet to be discovered.

2. It isvery difficult for me to know whether to say “yes” or“no” . 3. Whether there is life on Mars has been a mostintriguing problem since the exploration of spacestarted. 4. How this can happen may be shown on adiagram. 5. What seems to us today to be a banaltruth was by no means trivial six centuries ago.6. That the environment affects humankind in a greatvariety of ways is a point beyond discussion. 7. Whenthis should be done remains to be settled yet. 8. Whyhe did it has been puzzling me these two days.9. Which of them is going to win has suddenly becomea m atter of primary importance for everybody.378THECOMPLEX10. Whatever they say or do becomes immediatelyknown to the headmaster.

11. It is my belief that theywere lost while trying to locate their companions.12. That he exceeded his authority (полномочия)seems practically certain.2(В, C) Translate from Russian into English.1. Тот, кто2. То, что ядля нашегокогда-либоне знает этого, не знает ничего.пытался узнать, было очень важнорасследования. 3. Пыталась ли онаизменить это, было спрятано в еёSENTENCEсобственном сердце.

4. Удивительно, как малоизменился этот район. 5. Что мне больше всегонравится в полковнике, так это его усы. 6. Чтобы она ни намеревалась (mean) сказать, оста­лось несказанным. 7. Вопрос о том, куда им пе­реезжать, не обсуждался. 8. Встретятся ли оникогда-нибудь ещё - загадка. 9. Насколько труд­но было выполнить эту работу, видно из её днев­ника. 10.

Кто бы это ни сделал - гений. 11. То,что вы сделали, непростительно. 12. Как вы этособираетесь сделать, мне не ясно.2.2 Predicative ClausesA subordinate predicative clause together with thelink-verb in the main clause form a compound nominalpredicate to the subject of the main clause. Theconnectives introducing predicative clauses are thesame as in subject clauses.□ This decision is what we have been hopingfor. - Это решение - как раз то, на чтомы надеялись.□But his chief trouble was that he did notknow any editor or writer.

- Но главнаяего проблема заключалась в том, что онне знал ни одного редактора или писателя.As a rule, predicative clauses are not separated bv acomma.Sometimes we need to translate the link-verb to beinto Russian. The recommended ways to do it are:состоит в том, что...представляет собой то, что ...является тем, что...это то, что...L-r(В) Translate into Russian.1. This was what I wished for. 2.

This book was whatis often referred to as an autobiographical novel. 3.The trouble is that I have lost his address. 4. Theproblem is whether they’ll be able to help us. 5. Themistake was that he had never had to earn his living.6. The boy’s only excuse was that he had had notime to study. 7. This was why he had thought ofBosinney. 8. The greatest difficulty is how you are toget across the border. 9.