М.А. Амелина - Конспект лекций по курсу - Компьютерный анализ и синтез электронных устройств
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Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɎɂɅɂȺɅ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɍɑɊȿɀȾȿɇɂəȼɕɋɒȿȽɈ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə«ɆɈɋɄɈȼɋɄɂɃ ɗɇȿɊȽȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ(ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ)»ɜ ɝ. ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɟɅɛɯɠɟɫɛɊɫɩɧɶɳɦɠɨɨɛɺ ɸɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɣɥɛɇ.Ȼ. ȻɧɠɦɣɨɛɅɩɨɬɪɠɥɭ ɦɠɥɱɣɤɪɩ ɥɮɫɬɮ«Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ»Ɋɛɥɠɭ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧ ɬɰɠɧɩɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɩɞɩ ɛɨɛɦɣɢɛ MicroCAP-8ȼɟɪɫɢɹ 1.2ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤ2006D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOCɆɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ MicroCAP-8.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜMicroCAP-8. ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ). Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɚ»,ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɭ «Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ».
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ,ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚɦ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ.© ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɥɢɚɥ Ɇɗɂ, 2006 ɝ.2Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɟɥɢɧɚ03.03.2006ɫɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 135Ɍɩɟɠɫɡɛɨɣɠ1.ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ɩ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɠ...............................................................................5Ƚɝɠɟɠɨɣɠ .............................................................................................................................. 5Ɍɩɬɭɛɝ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɥɠɭɛ MC8.................................................................................... 51.1.1.2.1.2.1.1.2.2.ɋɛɜɩɭɛ ɬ ɧɠɨɹ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɶ.....................................................................................................
91.3.1.3.1.1.3.2.2.ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɶ ɩɜɴɠɨɣɺ ɬ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɧɩɤ............................................................................9ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɥɩɧɛɨɟɶ ɧɠɨɹ .........................................................................................................11ɏɩɫɧɛɭɶ ɢɛɟɛɨɣɺ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝ ................................................................................38ɉɜɴɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ................................................................................................................ 382.1.2.1.1.2.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.4.3.Ʌɩɫɨɠɝɩɤ ɥɛɭɛɦɩɞ ɇɌ8:.................................................................................................................6Ɋɩɟɥɛɭɛɦɩɞɣ DATA ɣ LIBRARY ...................................................................................................7ɒɣɬɦɛ .............................................................................................................................................39Ɋɠɫɠɧɠɨɨɶɠ .................................................................................................................................39ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɠ ɝɶɫɛɡɠɨɣɺ ɣ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɣ .................................................................................41ɍɠɥɬɭɩɝɶɠ ɟɣɫɠɥɭɣɝɶ ................................................................................................................48ɇɩɟɠɦɣ ɛɨɛɦɩɞɩɝɶɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝ............................................................................52ɉɜɴɣɠ ɬɝɠɟɠɨɣɺ ɩ ɧɩɟɠɦɺɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɩɝ ....................................................................
52Ɋɛɬɬɣɝɨɶɠ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɶ (Passive components)............................................................ 533.1.3.2.3.2.1.3.2.2.3.2.3.3.2.4.ɋɠɢɣɬɭɩɫ (Resistor)......................................................................................................................53Ʌɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭɩɫ (Capacitor) .............................................................................................................55Ɇɣɨɣɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɲɣ (Transmission line) .........................................................................................57ȿɣɩɟ (Diode) ɣ ɬɭɛɜɣɦɣɭɫɩɨ (Zener) .........................................................................................58ɏɠɫɫɩɧɛɞɨɣɭɨɶɠ ɬɠɫɟɠɲɨɣɥɣ .........................................................................................
603.3.3.3.1.3.3.2.3.3.3.ɉɪɫɠɟɠɦɠɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣ ɯɠɫɫɩɧɛɞɨɣɭɨɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɟɠɲɨɣɥɛ.....................................60ɇɩɟɠɦɷ ɝɢɛɣɧɨɩɤ ɣɨɟɮɥɭɣɝɨɩɬɭɣ ɣ ɧɛɞɨɣɭɨɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɟɠɲɨɣɥɛ (Ʌ) ........................................61ɉɬɨɩɝɨɶɠ ɮɫɛɝɨɠɨɣɺ ɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɛ ɧɩɟɠɦɣ ȿɡɣɦɬɛ-Ȼɭɭɠɫɭɩɨɛ ɝ MicroCAP-7 ɣ MicroCAP-8..........................................................................................................................................................623.4.Ƀɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɩɝ (Waveform sources)....................................................................... 643.4.1.3.4.2.Ɉɠɢɛɝɣɬɣɧɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɺ ɣ ɭɩɥɛ..................................................64Ƀɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɛ, ɢɛɝɣɬɺɴɠɞɩ ɩɭ ɝɫɠɧɠɨɣ..........................................................................64ɘɦɠɧɠɨɭɶ ɟɦɺ ɬɪɠɱɣɛɦɷɨɶɰ ɱɠɦɠɤ (Special Purpose) ................................................
733.5.3.5.1.3.5.2.3.5.3.3.5.4.Ʌɦɹɲ (Switch) ...............................................................................................................................73Ʌɦɹɲ, ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɠɧɶɤ ɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɧ (S).....................................................................................74Ʌɦɹɲ, ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɠɧɶɤ ɭɩɥɩɧ (W) .................................................................................................74Ɏɬɭɫɩɤɬɭɝɩ ɝɶɜɩɫɥɣ-ɰɫɛɨɠɨɣɺ Sample and Hold...................................................................75Ɇɣɨɠɤɨɶɠ ɣ ɨɠɦɣɨɠɤɨɶɠ ɢɛɝɣɬɣɧɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ.........................................................
763.6.3.6.1.ɂɛɝɣɬɣɧɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɦɣɨɠɤɨɶɠ ɣ ɪɩɦɣɨɩɧɣɛɦɷɨɶɠ (Dependent Sources)....................763.6.2.Ɇɣɨɠɤɨɶɠ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɠɧɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ, ɢɛɟɛɝɛɠɧɶɠ ɪɫɠɩɜɫɛɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɧɣ Ɇɛɪɦɛɬɛ (LaplaceSources) ɣ Z-ɪɫɠɩɜɫɛɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɧɣ (Z Transform Sources) .........................................................................783.6.3.ɏɮɨɥɱɣɩɨɛɦɷɨɶɠ ɣɬɭɩɲɨɣɥɣ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɩɝ (Function Sources) ..................................................803.6.4.Ɍɭɫɠɦɥɣ (Arrow) ɣ ɥɩɨɭɛɥɭɶ (Bubble) .......................................................................................80Ȼɥɭɣɝɨɶɠ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɶ (Active components).................................................................
813.7.3.7.1.3.7.2.3.7.3.3.7.4.3.7.5.4.ȼɣɪɩɦɺɫɨɶɤ ɭɫɛɨɢɣɬɭɩɫ (Bipolar transistor — BJT) ..............................................................81Ȼɫɬɠɨɣɟ-ɞɛɦɦɣɠɝɶɤ ɪɩɦɠɝɩɤ ɭɫɛɨɢɣɬɭɩɫ (GaAsFET) ...........................................................83Ɋɩɦɠɝɩɤ ɭɫɛɨɢɣɬɭɩɫ (JFET) .......................................................................................................85ɇɉɊ-ɭɫɛɨɢɣɬɭɩɫ (MOSFET) ........................................................................................................86ɉɪɠɫɛɱɣɩɨɨɶɤ ɮɬɣɦɣɭɠɦɷ (ɉɋȻɇɋ) ........................................................................................90Ƚɶɪɩɦɨɠɨɣɠ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ ....................................................................................934.1.4.1.1.ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɩɲɨɶɰ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɤ ɪɩ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮ (DC —Alt+3)...........................
93ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ DC Analysis Limits ....................................................933D:\Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ MC8\MC8_V1_2.DOC4.1.2.4.1.3.4.2.4.3.4.4.4.5.4.5.1.4.5.2.4.5.3.4.5.4.4.5.5.4.6.4.6.1.4.6.2.4.6.3.4.6.4.4.6.5.4.7.4.8.4.9.4.10.4.10.1.4.10.2.4.10.3.4.10.4.4.10.5.4.10.6.4.11.4Ƀɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɥɦɛɝɣɳɣ ɋ ........................................................................................................96ɇɠɨɹ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɝ ɫɛɬɲɠɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɩɲɨɶɰ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɤ DC ............................................................96ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɫɠɡɣɧɛ ɪɩ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮ (Dynamic DC —Alt+4) .......................................
97ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɧɛɦɩɬɣɞɨɛɦɷɨɶɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɩɲɨɶɰ ɯɮɨɥɱɣɤ (Transfer Function — Alt+5) ...... 99ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɲɮɝɬɭɝɣɭɠɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɩ ɪɩɬɭɩɺɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮ (Sensitivity — Alt+6)................... 100Ȼɨɛɦɣɢ ɪɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɥɮ ɨɛ ɧɛɦɩɧ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɠ (AC — Alt+2)................................. 101ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ AC Analysis Limits (F9) ..........................................103Ƀɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɥɦɛɝɣɳɣ ɋ ......................................................................................................105ɇɠɨɹ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɝ ɫɛɬɲɠɭɛ ɲɛɬɭɩɭɨɶɰ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥ ȻɌ.......................................................106Ƚɶɝɩɟ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɶɰ ɟɛɨɨɶɰ......................................................................................................107ɋɛɬɲɠɭ ɮɫɩɝɨɺ ɝɨɮɭɫɠɨɨɠɞɩ ɳɮɧɛ ..........................................................................................108Ȼɨɛɦɣɢ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɨɶɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɩɝ (TRANSIENT — Alt+1) ..............................................
108ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɪɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ Transient Analysis Limits (F9) ...............................108Ƀɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɥɦɛɝɣɳɣ ɋ ......................................................................................................114ɇɠɨɹ ɫɠɡɣɧɩɝ ɫɛɬɲɠɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɨɶɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɩɝ TRANSIENT ...........................................114ɂɛɟɛɨɣɠ ɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɶɰ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɣ ɫɠɟɛɥɭɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɪɠɫɠɧɠɨɨɶɰ ɬɩɬɭɩɺɨɣɺ ....................115Ƚɶɝɩɟ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɶɰ ɟɛɨɨɶɰ......................................................................................................117ɇɨɩɞɩɝɛɫɣɛɨɭɨɶɤ ɛɨɛɦɣɢ.............................................................................................. 118Ɋɛɫɛɧɠɭɫɣɲɠɬɥɛɺ ɩɪɭɣɧɣɢɛɱɣɺ .................................................................................... 120Ɍɭɛɭɣɬɭɣɲɠɬɥɣɤ ɛɨɛɦɣɢ ɪɩ ɧɠɭɩɟɮ ɇɩɨɭɠ-Ʌɛɫɦɩ .......................................................
123Ɋɫɩɬɧɩɭɫ ɣ ɩɜɫɛɜɩɭɥɛ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ ............................................... 126ɉɥɨɩ ɩɭɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɣɺ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ................................................................126Ɋɛɨɩɫɛɧɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɩɥɨɛ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ .......................................................127ɇɛɬɳɭɛɜɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɠ ɩɥɨɛ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɝ ɧɩɟɠɦɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ .......................................................127ɋɠɡɣɧ ɸɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɨɩɤ ɦɮɪɶ Scope ............................................................................................127ɏɮɨɥɱɣɣ ɫɛɢɟɠɦɛ PERFORMANCE ..........................................................................................130Ƚɶɝɩɟ ɞɫɛɯɣɥɩɝ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥ ɝ ɫɠɡɣɧɠ Probe................................................................133Ȼɨɣɧɛɱɣɺ ɣ ɭɫɠɰɧɠɫɨɶɠ ɞɫɛɯɣɥɣ................................................................................
