PRGRM_5 (Тексты)

PROGRAMME 5

Text One

An Informal Invitation

Harpole,

35, Manor Road,

Portsmouth.

30th August

Dear Bob,

I'm just writing to let you know our new address and to invite you to our house-warming party next Saturday. I'm sorry about the lack of warming, but we've been busy moving house and had little time for anything else. In any case we only decided to hold the party last week when we found out that the cost of moving was not as high as we had reckoned and that we had a little cash to spare.

We moved in here two days ago and we've been working non-stop ever since.

This evening we decided to have a few hours' rest, so I'm writing a few invitations to some friends.

You can do the trip from Oxford to Portsmouth in two hours now.

The motorway is open. Harpole is rather difficult to find though, because it's a new

housing estate and few people know where it is. Give us a ring when you are in the area, and I'll give detailed directions to you then. Our number is 67455.

Barbara and I hope you can make it in spite of the short notice.

All the best,

Charles

P.S. We can fix you up with a place to sleep - I imagine you can put up with a mattress on the floor!

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Text Two

Detailed Directions

Charles: Portsmouth 67453.

Bob: Hello, Charles. This is Bob. You were quite right in your letter:

very few people have any idea where Harpole is. I've asked half

a dozen people so far without success.

Charles: I guessed you'd have difficulty. Where are you now?

Bob: I'm in a telephone box, outside a post-office, at a cross-roads

about a mile from the end of the motorway.

Charles: OK. Listen carefully then. Carry on along the road towards Portsmouth until you go down a steep hill. Take the turning

to the left at the bottom of the hill - there's a pub called

The Green Man on the right just before the turning.

Bob: I've got that. Go on.

Charles: The road winds through a small village, over a bridge across

a river and then under a railway. Just after the railway bridge

the road forks; take the left hand fork.

Bob: Slow down a bit! I'm trying to write this down. I'll never remember

all that.

Charles: I've nearly finished. After about a mile you'll drive through

a wood and, as you come out of the wood, turn right and go

up the hill to Harpole. Manor Road is the second turning on the left, and our house is at the end on the right. You'll see my car,

the dark blue Rover, parked outside.

Bob: I suppose I'll find it, but if I'm not there by midnight send out

a search party!

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Text Three

Arranging the House

Barbara: Give me a hand with this sideboard, Charles. I want it

over there by the settee.

Charles: Don't you think it would be better under that picture by

the armchair?

Barbara: No. The picture isn't staying there anyway. I only hung it on the wall because it was in the way on the floor. We can arrange

the pictures when all the furniture is in place.

Charles: Where did I put my big screwdriver? It's not in the toolbox and I want to tighten up these loose screws on the door hinges.

Barbara: You had it in your hand when you went into the kitchen just now. Perhaps you left it there.

Charles: Yes, I think I put it down on the shelf above the sink. I'll go and fetch it.

Barbara: Pass me that brush behind the chair before you go; and take your tools off that nice polished table. You'll spoil all our furniture

before you finish.

Charles: Don't keep on nagging. I've got to put them some where. By the way, have you seen the cat this morning? You didn't shut him outside last night, did you? He'll get lost.

Barbara: No. He's definitely inside the house. I expect he's fed up with all the fuss and noise. He's probably crept into a cupboard somewhere and gone to sleep.

Charles: That's just what I'd like to do. I'm tired of it all as well.

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Notes: Forms and Patterns

1 The informal letter

1

Harpole, 35, Manor Road,

2Portsmouth.

30th August3Ajkjhj fggf 4 5 Dear Bob, 6 I'm just writing to let you know our new address and to invite you to

our house-warming party next Saturday. I'm sorry about the lack of warming, but we've berty last week when we found out that the cost of moving was not as w invitations to some friends. 7 You can do the trip from Oxford to Portsmouth in two hours now. The motorway is open. Harpole is rather difficult to find tho ugh, because it's a new

housing estate and few people know where it is. Give us a ring when you are in totice.8 All the best,

9 Charles

(1) The letter-writer's address
(not name).

(2) The address begins with the
smallest area - house or flat
number or name, and street -
then, sometimes, district, then
town, and finally, in Britain, the
county. The country is added if
the letter is going to another
country.

(3) Lines of the address usually
have commas, with a full-stop
at the end.

(4) The date - usually day, month
year - follows the address.

(5) The opening salutation is placed at or near the left side of the page. The
usual form is e.g. Dear Bob, Dear Mary (X Dear Friend X, X Dear Friend
Mary X); My dear Bob is more affectionate, often used e-g. by older
people to younger relations,' and (My) darling Mary is definitely reserved
for boyfriend/girlfriend etc.

(6) A comma follows the salutation, and the body of the letter begins beneath
it, usually to the left, though still indented.

(7) Subsequent paragraphs follow the same pattern. In an informal letter, the
writer generally uses contractions, e.g. I'm sorry it's so late but we've been
working non-stop.

(8) Closing wishes are usually written in the middle of the line. Typical endings
are: Yours, Yours sincerely (neutral), Best wishes. Best regards (friendly);
All the best. See you soon (more familiar); Love (more affectionate); and
All my love ('darlings' only).

(9) Most writers sign their names towards the right side of the page, generally

first name only.
(N.B. Aunt Barbara from an aunt but X Your Friend Tony X!)

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2 little / few / a little / a few

I've had little time. We decided to have a few hours' rest.
Few gamblers win. Would you like a little coffee?
'Little', 'a little' can only be used with uncountable nouns, while 'few',
'a few' are used with countable nouns in the plural.

I've had little time for any business. (Almost no time.)
Very few people have any idea. (Almost no people.)
I'm writing a few invitations to some friends. (A small number.)
I have a little cash to spare. (Some cash.)
'Little' 'few' give a negative idea; 'a little', 'a few' give a positive idea.
Note the use of 'any' and 'some' in these sentences. Compare:

There is little hope now that there will be any survivors.
There is still a little hope that there will be some survivors.

3 Direct object, indirect object

I'm sending this to my old friend Bob.
I'll give you detailed directions. (X I'll give to you... X)
Fetch John my long-handled screwdriver. (X Fetch for John... X)
Bring a chair for the perspiring fat lady in the corner.
We use 'to' or 'for' before the indirect object if it follows the direct object,
no preposition if the indirect comes first. The shorter of the two objects
- often a pronoun - usually comes first.

4 Movement and location prepositions

(a) to/from

He drove to Portsmouth.
He came from Oxford.

To a destination, from a starting-point.

(b) towards/away from
Drive towards Portsmouth.
He was driving away from the coast
These show direction only.

(c) in(side)/outside
I'm in a telephone box.
The cat is inside the cupboard.
My car is parked outside the house.

inside emphasises physical enclosure (X The car is inside the street. X);
these can also show movement.

(d) in(to)/out of
You went into the kitchen. Turn when you come out of the wood.

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(e) at

I'm at the crossroads / at the end of the street.
Meet me at the airport / at the station.
It's wider at the bottom than at the top.

at refers to a static position. It is not often used with names of cities or
countries. (X I live at England. X)

(f) on/off

I put it on the shelf.
The picture is on the wall.
Take your tools off the table.
He parked his car off the road.

On the surface of, off-not on-the surface of: these can be with or with-
out movement ('onto' emphasises movement).

(g) above/below

The picture is above the sideboard.
He lives in the flat below mine.
Clouds floated above the river.

These show position or movement at a higher or lower level.

(h) over/under

The bridge goes over the river.
The sideboard is under the picture.
The bird flew under a railway bridge.

These also show position or movement, and often suggest movement
from one side or point to another.

(i) up/down
Go up the hill.

The children ran up and down the stairs.

(j) along/across

Drive along the road.
Walk across the road.

(k) through

He went through the doorway.
We drove through the village.

This shows movement inside and then past certain limits.

(l) by/beside/next to
Put the lamp by the armchair.
I want it beside the settee.
Sit next to John.

(m) in front of/behind

He parked the car in front of the house.
The cat was hiding behind the door.
These show position and movement.

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Prepositions, Verbs, Phrases, Idioms

let know Please let me know if you need any help.
sorry about We're sorry about the noise we made last night.
lack of There's a lack of space in all big cities.
in any case You can have that cake. I'm not hungry in any case.
find out I phoned John to find out when he was coming.
do a trip We did the trip in less than an hour.
give a ring "I'll give you a ring at the office tomorrow."

in spite of In spite of the cold weather he went out without a coat.
short notice We can't do big jobs at short notice.
fix up with "My secretary will fix you up with all you need."
put up with "I just can't put up with that noise any longer."
no idea "I've no idea where I put my screwdriver."
carry on You can watch television while I carry on with my work.
(I've) got it "Do you understand that?" "Yes. I've got it."
slow down He was slowing down as he reached the bend.
give a hand "Let me give you a hand with your suitcases."

in the way "Don't leave your car there. It's in the way.
tighten up "This strap is too loose. Tighten it up."
just now "Have you seen John?" "Yes, he was in the garden just now."

keep on That dog keeps on barking all night.
fed up with "I'm fed up with this exercise."
go to sleep I usually read a little before I go to sleep.
tired of I'm tired of doing examinations.