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СИНЕРГИЯ Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности. Психология
Темы 1-8, итоговый тест, компетентностный
МТИ МосТех МосАП МФПУ Синергия Тест оценка ОТЛИЧНО
2024 год
Ответы на 214 вопросов
Результат – 100 БАЛЛОВ !
ВОПРОСЫ:
1. … was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist. His famous book entitled Principles of Physiological Psychology was published in 1873

2. … was the first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operate. James was introduced to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and accepted it as an explanation of an organism’s characteristics.

3. Perhaps one of the most influential and well-known figures in psychology’s history was …. He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.

4. Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:

5. How can you organise information in the lecture? Match the beginnings and endings.


6. Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ….

7. Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and … in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

8. If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then s/he would probably need a … degree in psychology.

9. The following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school.


10. One would need at least a(n) … degree to serve as a school psychologist.

11. An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ….

12. Behaviorists studied objectively observable … partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observable.

13. An undergraduate … in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings.

14. … might prove especially helpful using individuals who have rare conditions. For instance, if one wanted to study multiple personality disorder then this approach with individuals diagnosed with multiple personality disorder would be helpful.

15. Put the words in the right order to make a question:



16. Put the following sentences in the right order:

17. Read the question below and select one correct answer based on the information provided in the course: Question: Why do you think many people might be sceptical about psychology being a science?

18. The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.

19. The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour.

20. Psychologists focus their attention on understanding …, as well as the psychological (mental) and physical processes that underlie it.

21. Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:



22. The types of reasoning in the framework of hypothesis or general premise and empirical observations are called …:

23. In … reasoning, ideas are tested against the empirical world:

24. In … reasoning, empirical observations lead to new ideas:

25. … is most closely associated with the human approach to psychology.

26. … perspective argues that the nervous system, glands and hormones, and genetic factors influence our behaviour.

27. What name is given to the study of many individuals where an attempt is made to compare them with others?



28. Freud s experiments in … gave rise to his “dream theory”.

29. These fields of psychology are most commonly practised in everyday life. (Select 2 correct answers);

30. Match the two parts of each term:

31. Match the two parts of each word:

32. Match the beginnings and the endings of each phrase:



33. Match the two parts of the phrases:

34. Read the text below and answer the question:

35. Amygdala is …

36. The cognitive approach became the most important school of psychology during …

37. Name one part of the brain which is responsible for memory: …

38. Who first demonstrated semantic encoding?



39. Match the sins of memory and examples:


40. … is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time

41. There are three types of encoding. The encoding of words and their meaning is known as … encoding.

42. Storage is the creation of a … record of information:

43. The model of human …, called Atkinson-Shiffrin:

44. Choose three types of encoding (not its processes) – Select 3 correct answers:



45. Put the words in the right order to make sentence:

46. In which order the topics are brought up in the lecture?

47. In which order are mentioned scientists in the lecture?

48. It probably required a lot of work and attention on your part in order to encode that information. This is known as ….

49. If someone asks you what you ate for lunch today, more than likely you could recall this information quite easily. This is known as …, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words.

50. Short-term memory takes information from … memory and sometimes connects that memory to something already in long-term memory.


51. … memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things.

52. Match the sins of memory and their types

53. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: What should we do to transfer information from STM into LTM?

54. An … is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings.

55. … refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

56. … created cognitive-mediational theory.

57. Match these terms with their Russian equivalents:




58. … is a type of communication in which physical behaviors, as opposed to words, are used to express or convey information.

59. We express … when we feel physically or psychologically threatened. This facial expression is often confused with surprise. But when we’re surprised, our eyes open wider, and our mouth isn’t pulled sideways.

60. You see these muscle movements—in the lips, around the eyes, and in the brow—when people are feeling aggressive, threatened, or frustrated. Researchers think we make this expression when we’re … because it could protect the face in a physical conflict—for example, the furrowed eyebrows could protect the eyes

61. When people are … they avert their gaze, which means they move their head down and to the side, exposing their neck.

62. Match the words to form complete phrases:

63. Match the words to form complete phrases and sentences:


64. Match the words to form complete phrases:

65. Match the terms with their definitions:

66. Put the topics in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:


67. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

68. Read the text below and answer the question. Every time, after chatting with friends Anna notices that her mood depends on the mood of her friends. Often her mood worsens automatically after chatting with people. Question: How can you explain this?

69. … intelligence is closely aligned with academic problem solving and computations.

70. In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ….

71. … developed the IQ test most widely used today.

72. IQ stands for … and describes a score earned on a test designed to measure intelligence.


73. … means that the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent.

74. … put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence.

75. … describe how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large data sets.

76. … encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways.

77. People with high emotional intelligence typically have well-developed …

78. Put the words in order to make a sentence:

79. Order the names of scientists that were mentioned in the lecture:

80. Put these items in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:


81. Match intelligence types and their characteristics:

82. Match the terms and their definitions:

83. Read the text below and answer the question: Brian is a very smart boy, however, he doesn’t excel at school work. He frequently retakes exams, argues with his teachers, barely manages to keep up with his group mates academically. Outside of school, though, he is a star. Everyone knows that if they need help with something, they can go to Brian and he can figure out a way to resolve their situation. Question: How would you characterize Brian?


84. Fluid intelligence is characterized by ….

85. The inventors of The NEO Personality Inventory are …

86. Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to … (Select 2 correct answers):

87. The studies of creative people suggest the following number of components of creativity:

88. Choose three right antithetical traits often present in creative people (Select 3 correct answers):

89. This scientist has spent his career looking at the structure and specific aspects of RNA molecules and how their interactions could help produce antibiotics and ward off diseases:

90. Ochse s theory was developed in …


91. Match the words to complete phrases:

92. Match the tests and their descriptions:


93. Match the components of creativity and their definitions:


94. Put the words in order to make the sentence:

95. Put the names of scientists in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:

96. Make the plan of the currently lecture putting these topics in the order they were mentioned:


97. Read the text below and answer the question:Lily always needs some facts to solve a problem and doesn’t like to make things up. But her friend Ann often leans on her imagination. Question: Which of the girls has critical thinking and which has creative thinking?

98. In contrast, … thinking describes the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem.

99. Creativity is often assessed as a function of one’s ability to engage in … thinking.

100. … processing, done in the inferior temporal lobe, near the bottom of the brain, deals with shape, depth, color, intensity, and object recognition.

101. … processing, done in the posterior parietal lobe, near the top of the brain, deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space — either objects in space, or where the parts of a single object are in relation to each other.

102. “Top-down processes” stands for …

103. The concept of mental imagery was developed …

104. This type of processing deals with shape, depth, colour and object recognition:


105. Mental imagery is a(n) …

106. Just about all psychologists believe that all of our long-term memories of things are…

107. The types of imagination are … (select 3 correct answers):

108. … is a brain-scanning method that scientists use to “decode” activity in the visual cortex to know what a person was looking at in terms of line orientation, position, and even what the object was.

109. Active imagination was developed by …

110. … imagination is what we normally consider to be creativity with a large C – composing an opera or discovering something groundbreaking. This is different from everyday creativity, such as coming up with imaginative solutions to household problems or making crafts.

111. Match the terms with their definitions:


112. Match terms and their definitions:


113. Match the English terminology with its equivalents in Russian:


114. When we imagine something visually, it shows up in the visual …

115. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

116. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

117. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

118. Even this early in the … system, retinal neurons are processing some of the information, turning it into something useful for the later neurons.

119. Imagination is (typically) a … act.



120. Read the text and answer the question below:Rudy decided to write a story, using some images that had been in his head his whole life. One day he was rewatching his favorite film and spotted familiar images and realized where those images came from and what they meant.Question: What process was at work here?

121. The … approach in psychology seeks general principles and patterns applicable to groups.

122. The … approach focuses on understanding individuals in their unique context.

123. … thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions.

124. An example of a ‘love and belonging’ level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is …

125. … called them the id, ego, and superego.

126. Match the following personality theories with each psychologist:


127. … refers to the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways.

128. The term “idiographic” comes from the Greek word “idios” meaning “own” or “private.” Psychologists interested in this aspect of … want to discover what makes each of us unique.

129. Make the plan of the lecture putting the main points in the right order:

130. Put the names of scientists in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:

131. Physiological needs are …

132. Safety needs are …

133. Match the words to create phrases:


134. Match the theories with their descriptions:

135. Match the components of Freud’s theory with the corresponding phrases:

136. Read the text below and answer the question:Steve didn t learn the material during the school
year. Now he is sure that on the last night he will be able to learn everything. Question: What do you think?


137. " … affect" refers to one s propensity to experience positive emotions and interact with others and with life s challenges in a positive way.

138. … processing deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space.

139. … refers to maintaining positive relationships with others.

140. Match linking words and phrases with their use cases:

141. … is not a dimension of job burnout:

142. It seems that their energy is internally generated, due more to their focused minds than to the
superiority of their …

143. Match the stages of memory and their descriptions:

144. Match the beginnings and the endings of the words:

145. Match the terms with their descriptions:

146. Match the terms with their characteristics:

147. … refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. It involves both bottom-up and top-down processing.

148. According to your reading, nearly … of the adult population in the United States can be classified as obese.

149. When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that culture exemplifies your … intelligence.

150. … was the first to systematically study and theorize the workings of the unconscious mind in the manner that we associate with modern psychology.

151. Put the following sentences in the right order:



152. In everyday life, generating creative ideas is a sign of creative performance and …’s purpose is to measure this idea generation. Ideation involves idea generation and attribution of value to it; thus, it can be an adequate creativity criterion.

153. Match the terms and their definitions:

154. Multiple Intelligences Theory was developed by …, a Harvard psychologist and former student of Erik Erikson.

155. … is credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality.

156. The nomothetic approach typically uses scientific methods such as … and observations to obtain quantitative data. Group averages are statistically analyzed to create predictions about people in general.

157. Match English sentences and their Russian equivalents:



158. … intelligence encompasses the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. Navigating your way home after being detoured onto an unfamiliar route because of road construction would draw upon your fluid intelligence.

159. The major psychology approaches are the following … (Select 3 correct answers):

160. The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ….

161. … involves the raising of the upper lip, and the bridge of the nose wrinkles. We express it about things that make us sick, not those about which we’re derisive or suspicious.

162. There are also … processes. It’s easier to see what you expect to see, and the mind is constantly guessing at what will come next, and priming early visual areas to make seeing those things easier to do.

163. … bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem:


164. Match the terms and their definitions:

165. The … content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.



166. … is the process that allows our brains to take in information via our five senses, which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain. This process occurs thanks to our five sensory systems: vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

167. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

168. The following is NOT one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:


169. … is another name for short-term memory.

170. Neurons absorb … (select 2 correct answers):

171. The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with ….

172. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ….

173. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

174. The following is usually stated about psychologists involved in personality assessment (Select 3 correct answers):
.


175. Parental and … conflicts have been tied to the development of asthma.

176. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

177. ‘Psyche’ is a Greek word meaning ….

178. Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving conducted a series of experiments to find out which of the three types of encoding would give the best memory of … information.

179. … is one way in which people can reset their biological clocks.

180. The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ….


181. Match the terms with their definition:

182. Put these topics in the order they appeared in the lecture:

183. … represents information in one brain state after another, and the further along it goes, the less the pattern resembles the original picture on the retina. It gets more and more abstract. Broadly speaking, from V1, the information takes two paths — one for visual processing and the other for spatial.

184. Explicit (declarative) memory has two parts: semantic memory and … memory.

185. … is conceptualized as an enduring state of mind that consists of the capacity to experience pleasure in daily life, as well as the ability to engage one’s skills and talents to enrich one’s life and the lives of others.

186. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: Why do people react differently in similar situations?


187. Read the text below and answer the question: The mental status exam is a clinical assessment tool used to evaluate a person s cognitive and emotional functioning. It typically focuses on areas such as mood and affect, attention and concentration, appearance, and other mental processes. Question: Based on this information, which of the following areas would the mental status exam be unlikely to cover?

188. Read the text below and answer the question: Sarah wants to be a psychologist. Her parents are against Sarah s decision. They want Sarah to study medicine. Sarah is upset and doesn t know what to do. Question: What should Sarah do?

189. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?

190. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: Why do people react differently in similar situations?


191. Read the text below and answer the question: You and your roommate spent all of last night studying for your psychology test. You think you know the material; however, you suggest that you study again the next morning an hour prior to the test. Your roommate asks you to explain why you think this is a good idea. Question: What do you tell her?

192. Read the text below and answer the question: Jurors place a lot of weight on eyewitness testimony. Imagine you are an attorney representing a defendant who is accused of robbing a convenience store. Several eyewitnesses have been called to testify against your client. Question: What would you tell the jurors about the reliability of eyewitness testimony?

193. Read the description below and answer the question: This person is extremely bright, often relying more on facts than feelings. They prefer to think in a more logical and analytical way. Question: What is this person’s emotional type?

194. Read the text below and answer the question: Suppose you are walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear. You begin to tremble, and your heart begins to race. The James-Lange theory proposes that you will interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened. Question: What is your interpretation, according to the theory?

195. Read the text below and answer the question: Ruby is a clever girl, but she has trouble building relationships with other people. Sometimes she hurts others’ feelings and doesn’t understand why they are getting offended. Last month her friend’s (Thomas) uncle died and Ruby


didn’t support Thomas and told him he hadn’t even loved his uncle and always talked nasty about
him. They quarreled and Ruby didn’t understand why, after all she just had stated facts. Question: What is Ruby’s key obstacle to making new friends and maintaining relationships with existing ones?

196. Read the text below and answer the question: John has problems at school: he can’t analyze books, lectures or films, however, he absorbs all the information and has a magnificent memory. But when he should conduct experiments or make a conclusion about “pitfalls” of different works or motives of other people he gets puzzled. Question: What should John work on developing?

197. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question: What is the essence of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking?

198. Read the question below and select one correct answer: How do we cultivate creative thinking?

199. Read the text below and answer the question: David’s brain was damaged after a car crash. Now David often needs help to reach objects and can’t define how far they are from him, so his wife helps him to get things he wants. Question: What brain area was damaged in the car crash?


200. Read the text and answer the question below: Tina loves listening to music, because music inspires her to create new stories through images that she sees in her head at that time. Question: How would you describe the process that is happening to Tina?

201. Read the text below and answer the question: You are a practicing psychologist who prefers to focus on the individual and emphasize the unique personal experience of human nature. You understand the need for general laws but it’s not something that you pursue in your practice. Question: What is the name of your approach?

202. Read the text and answer the question: John is in the seventh grade at school. His parents motivate him with money and gifts. For every good mark John gets money. Question: How can you explain this situation?

203. Put these words in order to make a sentence:

204. An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person’s skull is known as ….

205. Human … is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human
individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life. It is driven by genetic and environmental factors that affect an individual.

206. One of the first places image information goes is called visual … one that is located in the back of the brain.

207. Match the terms with their descriptions:

208. Choose the right emotional personality types. Select 3 correct answers:

209. JIFT is a self-report for …

210. Arthur Jensen believed that …:

211. “V1” is …

212. There also appear to be specific … involved with the process of memory, such as epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and acetylcholine.

213. … intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.

214. The psychologist who developed active imagination is …


Тема 1. Psychology as a Science
Тема 2. Approaches to Psychology
Тема 3. Mental Processes.
Тема 4. Emotions
Тема 5. Intelligence
Тема 6. Creative Thinking
Тема 7. Imagination
Тема 8. Theories of Personality
Заключение
Итоговая аттестация
Итоговый тест
Компетентностный тестПоказать/скрыть дополнительное описание