Химия 9кл_Рудзитис_Фельдман_ГДЗ_1999_гл I-X- (991186)
Текст из файла
>hfZrgyy jZ[hlZihobfbbaZ deZkkd mq_[gbdm ©Obfby deZkkª=?Jm^ablbkN=N_ev^fZgF©Ijhk\_s_gb_ª]mq_[ghijZdlbq_kdh_ihkh[b_KH>?J@:GB?=eZ\Z,± klj± klj=eZ\Z,,± kljklj± =eZ\Z ,,,± klj=eZ\Z ,9± klj± klj± ± klj± =eZ\Z 9± klj± ± klj=eZ\Z 9, ± klj± =eZ\Z 9,,klj± ± klj± klj=eZ\Z 9,,, ± klj± =eZ\Z ,;± klj=eZ\Z ;± klj± kljEZ[hjZlhjgu_jZ[hluEZ[hjZlhjgu_hiulu,,,,,, kljIjZdlbq_kdZyjZ[hlZ kljEZ[hjZlhjgu_hiulu ,999, kljEZ[hjZlhjguchiul 9,, kljIjZdlbq_kdZyjZ[hlZ kljEZ[hjZlhjgu_hiulu 9,,,,; kljIjZdlbq_kdb_jZ[hlu kljEZ[hjZlhjguchiul ;, kljIjZdlbq_kdZyjZ[hlZ kljEZ[hjZlhjguchiul ;9 kljEZ[hjZlhjguchiul 9,,, kljIjZdlbq_kdZyjZ[hlZ kljIjZdlbq_kdb_jZ[hlu kljEZ[hjZlhjgu_hiulu ;,;;; klj=eZ\Z,± klj<hijhk Ihykgbl_ihq_fmjZkl\hjkZoZjZg_ijh\h^blwe_dljbq_kdbclhdZjZkl\hjoehjb^ZgZljbyijh\h^blHl\_lJZkl\hj ih\Zj_gghc kheb y\ey_lky we_dljheblhf Ijb jZkl\hj_gbb \ \h^_ bhggZy djbklZeebq_kdZy j_r_ldZ 1D&O jZajmrZ_lky1D&O 1D KOJZkl\hj kZoZjZ g_ y\ey_lky we_dljheblhf Fhe_dmeu kZoZjZbf_xl dh\Ze_glgmx g_iheyjgmx k\yav ijb jZkl\hj_gbb kZoZjZ \\h^_ jZajmr_gb_ _]h fhe_dmeu b h[jZah\Zgb_ aZjy`_gguo bhgh\g_ ijhbkoh^bl ihwlhfm lZdhc jZkl\hj we_dljbq_kdh]h lhdZ g_ijh\h^bl<hijhk I_j_qbkebl_ hkgh\gu_ ijbqbgu \uau\Zxsb_ jZkiZ^ g_dhlhjuo \_s_kl\gZbhguijb jZkl\hj_gbbbo\ \h^_bebjZkieZ\e_gbbHl\_lFhe_dmeu \h^u iheyjgu <ke_^kl\b_ wlh]h gZijbf_j ijbjZkl\hj_gbb oehjb^Z gZljby fhe_dmeu \h^u ijbly]b\Zxlky k\hbfbhljbpZl_evgufbihexkZfbd iheh`bl_evghaZjy`_ggufbhgZfgZljby Z iheh`bl_evgufb ihexkZfb ± d hljbpZl_evgh aZjy`_gguf oehjb^bhgZf < j_amevlZl_ k\yavf_`^mbhgZfbhkeZ[ey_lkyb djbklZeebq_kdZy j_r_ldZ jZajmrZ_lky Wlhfm ijhp_kkm kihkh[kl\m_llZd`_[hevrZy^bwe_dljbq_kdZyijhgbpZ_fhklv\h^udhlhjZyijb K jZ\gZObfbq_kdZyk\yavf_`^mbhgZfb\ \h^_hkeZ[ey_lky\ jZaihkjZ\g_gbxk \ZdmmfhfIjb jZkl\hj_gbb \ \h^_ \_s_kl\ k dh\Ze_glghc kbevghiheyjghc k\yavx gZijbf_j dbkehl ih^ \ha^_ckl\b_f fhe_dme \h^uijhbkoh^blbaf_g_gb_oZjZdl_jZk\yabb hgZij_\jZsZ_lky\ bhggmx ihke_ q_]h ijhp_kk jZkl\hj_gby ijhbkoh^bl dZd m \_s_kl\ kbhgghck\yavxIjb jZkieZ\e_gbb we_dljheblh\ mkbeb\Zxlky dhe_[Zl_evgu_^\b`_gbyqZklbp\ j_r_ld_qlhijb\h^bld hkeZ[e_gbxk\yabf_`^m gbfb < j_amevlZl_ djbklZeebq_kdZy j_r_ldZ jZajmrZ_lky b\_s_kl\ZjZkiZ^ZxlkygZbhgu<hijhk Knhjfmebjmcl_hkgh\gu_l_hj_lbq_kdb_iheh`_gbywe_dljheblbq_kdhc^bkkhpbZpbbb ihykgbl_boHl\_lIjhp_kk jZkiZ^Z we_dljheblZ gZ bhgu ijb jZkl\hj_gbb _]h \\h^_bebjZkieZ\e_gbb± we_dljheblbq_kdZy^bkkhpbZpbyWe_dljheblu± wlh\_s_kl\Zdhlhju_ijbjZkl\hj_gbb\\h^_beb\ jZkieZ\_jZkiZ^ZxlkygZbhguBhgu± wlhZlhfubeb]jmiiuZlhfh\h[eZ^Zxsb_iheh`bl_evgufdZlbhgubeb hljbpZl_evgufZgbhguaZjy^hfBhguhlebqZxlkyhlZlhfh\ihkljh_gbxb ihk\hckl\Zf1DHHOH± ZlhfgZljby1D HH± dZlbhggZljby < jZkl\hj_ b jZkieZ\_ we_dljheblZ bhgu ^\b`mlky oZhlbq_kdb Ijb ijhimkdZgbb ihklhyggh]h lhdZ q_j_a jZkl\hj beb q_j_ajZkieZ\dZlbhgu^\b`mlkyd hljbpZl_evghfmwe_dljh^m± dZlh^mZZgbhgu± d iheh`bl_evghfmwe_dljh^m± Zgh^m<hijhk Oehj\oh^ysbc\ khklZ\oehjb^ZgZljbyb kheyghcdbkehlug_hdZau\Z_l\j_^gh]h^_ckl\bygZhj]Zgbafq_eh\_dZZ \^uoZgb_g_[hevrh]hdhebq_kl\Z ]Zahh[jZagh]h oehjZ \uau\Z_l m^mrv_ b ihjZ`_gb_ hj]Zgh\^uoZgbyH[tykgbl_wlhy\e_gb_Hl\_l< khklZ\ fhe_dmeu oehjb^Z gZljby b kheyghc dbkehlu \oh^blbhg oehjZ KO Hg hlebqZ_lky ih k\hckl\Zf hl Zlhfh\ oehjZ \oh^ysbo \ fhe_dmem ]Zahh[jZagh]h oehjZ Ihwlhfm \^uoZgb_ gZijbf_joehjb^ZgZljbyg_\uau\Z_l\j_^gh]h\ha^_ckl\byFhe_dmeZ ]Zahh[jZagh]h oehjZ khklhbl ba ^\mo Zlhfh\ oehjZk\yaZgguodh\Ze_glghcg_iheyjghck\yavx=Zahh[jZagucoehjg_y\ey_lky we_dljheblhf Wlh `_elha_e_guc ]Za k j_adbf jZa^jZ`Zxsbf aZiZohf\^uoZgb_ dhlhjh]h \uau\Z_l m^mrv_b ihjZ`_gb_hj]Zgh\^uoZgby<hijhk KmevnZl f_^b ,, ± [_eh_ ihjhrdhh[jZagh_ \_s_kl\h ijb _]h jZkl\hj_gbb\ \h^_jZkl\hjijbh[j_lZ_l]hem[mxhdjZkdmQ_fwlhfh`ghh[tykgblv"Hl\_lIjbjZkl\hj_gbb &X62\ \h^_ijhbkoh^bl^bkkhpbZpby&X62 &X 62Ijb jZkl\hj_gbb \ \h^_ &X62 lZd `_ ijhbkoh^bl obfbq_kdZyj_Zdpby ]b^jZlZpbb \ j_amevlZl_ dhlhjhc h[jZam_lky djbklZeeh]b^jZlkmevnZlZf_^bJZkl\hjijbh[j_lZ_l]hem[mxhdjZkdm&X62 GH o &X62 GH[_eh]hp\_lZ]hem[h]hp\_lZ<hijhk MdZ`bl_hlebqby\ kljh_gbbb k\hckl\Zobhgh\b Zlhfh\gZijbf_j^eydZevpbyb nlhjZHl\_l:lhfdZevpby± KZ ____BhgdZevpby± KZ ___:lhf dZevpby kha^Z_l gZjm`gu_ we_dljhgu ihwlhfm obfbq_kdb Zdlb\_g y\ey_lky s_ehqgha_f_evguf f_lZeehf \aZbfh^_ckl\m_lk ]Zeh]_gZfbhdbkey_lky\ kmohf\ha^mo_wg_j]bqghj_Z]bjm_l k dbkehlZfb ijb gZ]j_\Zgbb \aZbfh^_ckl\m_l k lZdbfb\_s_kl\ZfbdZd )6+1KJBhg dZevpby g_ hl^Z_l we_dljhgu ihwlhfm g_ hdbkey_lky l_g_y\ey_lkyobfbq_kdbZdlb\guf:lhfnlhjZ ± )HHBhgnlhjZ ± )HH:lhf nlhjZ fh`_l ijbkh_^bgblv g_^hklZxsbch^bgwe_dljhgy\ey_lky kZfuf Zdlb\guf ]Zeh]_ghf h[jZam_l kh_^bg_gby ijZdlbq_kdb kh \k_fb we_f_glZfb djhf_ bg_jlguo ]Zah\ ± nlhjb^ukbevguchdbkebl_evb Zdp_ilhjBhg nlhjZ g_ fh`_l ijbkh_^bgblv we_dljhgu ld \g_rgyyh[hehqdZ bhgZ iheghklvx aZiheg_gZ \oh^bl \ khklZ\ khe_cnlhjb^h\<hijhk QlhlZdh_bhg ]b^jhdkhgbyb dZdhgh[jZam_lky"DZdhclbik\yab\wlhfbhg_"Hl\_lIjb ^bkkhpbZpbb dbkehl h[jZamxlky bhgu \h^hjh^Z b dbkehlgh]hhklZldZ+&O + &OH^gZdh ijb ^bkkhpbZpbb fhe_dme dbkehl h[jZamxlky g_ k\h[h^gu_bhgu\h^hjh^ZZ bo]b^jZlu± bhgu]b^jhdkhgbyG GH o GHbhg]b^jhdkhgby:lhf dbkehjh^Z ij_^klZ\ey_l h[smx we_dljhggmx iZjm ^hghjbhgm\h^hjh^ZZdp_ilhjªGºG KO+HG o «» K¬G H G ¼+&O+2o +2 &O±<hijhk GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby ijhp_kkh\ ^bkkhpbZpbb hjlhnhknhjghc dbkehlu]b^jhdkb^ZdZebyb kmevnZlZZexfbgbyHl\_l GJH l G +3H± GJH± l G +3H± GJH± l G 3H± DHGo D HG± $O62 o $O 62±<hijhk Ijb\_^bl_ hij_^_e_gby dbkehl hkgh\Zgbc kj_^gbo b dbkeuo khe_c klhqdbaj_gbyij_^klZ\e_gbch[we_dljheblbq_kdhc^bkkhpbZpbbHl\_lDbkehlu ± keh`gu_\_s_kl\Zijb^bkkhpbZpbbdhlhjuo\ \h^guojZkl\hjZo\ dZq_kl\_dZlbhgh\h[jZamxlkylhevdhbhgu\h^hjh^ZGKo G KO±Hkgh\Zgby ± keh`gu_ \_s_kl\Z ijb ^bkkhpbZpbb dhlhjuo \\h^guo jZkl\hjZo \ dZq_kl\_ Zgbhgh\ hls_ieyxlky lhevdh ]b^jhdkb^bhguDHGo D HG±Kj_^gb_ kheb ± keh`gu_\_s_kl\Z^bkkhpbbjmxsb_\ \h^guojZkl\hjZogZiheh`bl_evghaZjy`_ggu_dZlbhguf_lZeeh\b hljbpZl_evghaZjy`_ggu_ZgbhgudbkehlguohklZldh\.12 o 12±Dbkeu_ kheb ± keh`gu_ \_s_kl\Z dhlhju_ ^bkkhpbbjmxl \\h^guojZkl\hjZogZiheh`bl_evghaZjy`_ggu_dZlbhguf_lZeeh\b \h^hjh^Z b hljbpZl_evgh aZjy`_ggu_ Zgbhgu dbkehlguo hklZldh\GZijbf_j1DG62 o 1Z+62±+62± l G 62±<hijhk Bkihevamyihgylb_ ©kl_i_gv^bkkhpbZpbbªh[tykgbl_kfukeihgylbc©kbevgZydbkehlZªb ©keZ[ZydbkehlZªHl\_lKbevgZydbkehlZ ± we_dljhebldhlhjucijbjZkl\hj_gbb\ \h^_iheghklvx^bkkhpbbjm_lgZbhgu+&OG6HG1HKeZ[Zy dbkehlZ ± we_dljhebldhlhjuc ijb jZkl\hj_gbb \ \h^_^bkkhpbbjm_lgZbhgug_agZqbl_evghGKHG<HGH<hijhk Ijb\_^bl_ijbf_jukbevguob keZ[uowe_dljheblh\=^_gZijZdlbd_g_h[oh^bfhmqblu\Zlvkbemwe_dljheblh\"Hl\_lKbevgu_ we_dljheblu ± ijZdlbq_kdb \k_ jZkl\hjbfu_ \ \h^_kheb dbkehlu +&O G6H G1H s_ehqb ]b^jhdkb^u [Zjby bdZevpby KeZ[u_ we_dljheblu ± g_dhlhju_dbkehluG<HGHKGKHHHG\h^ZKbeZwe_dljheblZoZjZdl_jbam_lkykl_i_gvx^bkkhpbZpbb± hlghr_gb_ qbkeZ ^bkkhpbbjh\Zgguo fhe_dme d h[s_fm qbkemfhe_idmegZoh^ysboky\ jZkl\hj_ D1]^_ D ± kl_i_gv ^bkkhpbZpbb Q ± qbkeh ^bkkhpbbjh\Zgguo fhe_dme 1 ± h[s__ qbkeh jZkl\hj_gguo fhe_dme >ey kbevguo we_dljheblh\ D [ebadZ d < aZ\bkbfhklb hl we_dljheblh\ D fh`_lf_gylvkyhl^bkkhpbZpbbg_l^hihegZy^bkkhpbZpby± klj<hijhk >Zgu jZkl\hju Z i_jfZg]ZgZlZ dZeby .FQ2 [ kmevnZlZ dZeby.62\ojhfZlZgZljby 1D&U2]kmevnZlZf_eb,,&X62^oehjb^Zgbd_ey 1L&ODZdjZaebqblvwlbjZkl\hju"Hl\_l<k_ jju fh`gh jZaebqblv ih \g_rg_fm \b^m jj .FQ2 hdjZr_g \ yjdhnbhe_lh\uc p\_l jj 1D&U2 ± \ `_eluc b jj&X62 ± \ ]hem[hcJZkl\hj 1L&O hdjZr_g\ k\_leha_e_gucp\_lZ jj .62 [_kp\_l_g LZd `_ _keb ^h[Z\blv d jjZf oehjb^Z gbd_ey b kmevnZlZ dZeby jZkl\hj s_ehqb < i_j\hf kemqZ_ \uiZ^_lhkZ^hd ]b^jhdkb^Z gbd_ey\h \lhjhf \b^bfuo baf_g_gbc g_ijhbahc^_l1L&O 1D2+ 1L2+p 1D&O<hijhk >ZgujZkl\hjukh^_j`Zsb_bhgu $J62±G,±K ihfhsvxdZdboj_Zdpbcfh`ghhij_^_eblvwlb jju"GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_l $J$J&O± o $J&Op$J32±62±62±[_euchkZ^hdo $J32p`_eluc hkZ^hd%D o %D62p[_euchkZ^hd G G bg^bdZlhjuo baf_g_gb_hdjZkdb ,±,± $J12 o $J,p 12±`_eluc hkZ^hd , G 62± o , +6n +2±dhgpnbhe_lh\ucp\_l<hijhk >Zgu jZkl\hju Z kmevnZlZ pbgdZ b gbljZlZ [Zjby [ kmevnZlZf_^b,,b ]b^jhdkb^ZdZeby\kmevnZlZpbgdZoehjb^ZfZ]gbyb hjlhnhknZlZgZljby]oehjb^Z`_e_aZ,,,b kmevnZlZfZ]gbyIjbkeb\Zgbb dZdbo jjh\ j_Zdpbb h[f_gZ ihc^ml ^h dhgpZ b ihq_fm" KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbywlboj_Zdpbc\ fhe_dmeyjghfiheghfb khdjZs_gghf\b^_Hl\_lZ=Q62 %D12 o =Q12 %D62p[_euchkZ^hdj_Zdpbyihc^_l^hdhgpZld%D62 \uiZ^Z_l\ hkZ^hd=Q 62± <Z 12± o =Q 12 %D62p<Z 62± o %D62p[&X62 DHG o &X2+p D62kbgbchkZ^hdJ_Zdpbyb^_l^hdhgpZldKXHG \uiZ^Z_l\ hkZ^hdKX HG± o KXHGpKX 62± D HG± o KXHGp 62± D\J_Zdpbbb^ml^hdhgpZld=Q32 b 0J32 g_jZkl\hjbfu=Q62 1D32 o =Q32p 1D62A=Q 62±A=Q 32±[_euc hkZ^hd1D 32± o =Q32p 1D 62±o =Q32p0J&O 1D32 o 0J32p 1D&O[_euc hkZ^hd0J KO± 1D J2± o 0J32p 1D KO0J JH± o 0J32p])H&O 0J62 l )H6H 0J&O)H KO± 0J 6H± o )H 6H± 0J KO±)H62 ± jZkl\hjbfZykhev0J&O ± jZkl\hjbfZykhevagZqblj_Zdpby)_Ka 0J62 ijhl_dZlvg_[m^_l<hijhk >Zguko_fu ZG KH± o[+6± o\+62± oKhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc\ fhe_dmeyjghf\b^_Hl\_lZDjZldh_bhggh_mjZ\g_gb_G KH± o GH KHnIhegh_bhggh_mjZ\g_gb_+ & D KH D & GH KHnFhe_dmeyjgh_mjZ\g_gb_+&DKH o DKGKH o DKGH &2n[DjZldh_bhggh_mjZ\g_gb_+6± o +6nIhegh_bhggh_mjZ\g_gb_+ & 1D 6 1D & +6nFhe_dmeyjgh_mjZ\g_gb_+&)H6o )H&O +6n\DjZldh_bhggh_mjZ\g_gb_+62± o GH 6HnIhegh_bhggh_mjZ\g_gb_+ 6H 1D 62 GH 6HnFhe_dmeyjgh_mjZ\g_gb_+62 1D62o 1D6H GH 6Hn<hijhk >ZgumjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcZG2: G9 H9[KX2+: KX2 G2\12 G2 : +12]KX62 )H : )H62 &X^)H&O : )H&ODZdb_ ba wlboj_Zdpbcy\eyxlkyhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgufbb ihq_fm"MdZ`bl_hdbkebl_evb \hkklZgh\bl_evHl\_lHdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgufby\eyxlkyke_^mxsb_j_ZdpbbG2± : G9 H9H±H ± _ : H \hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyG _ : G hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyKX62 )H: )H62 &X±H±)H ± H: )H&X H : &X)H &O\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyWo)H&O±H±)H ± H : )H \hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky&O H: &O± hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky<h\k_oj_ZdpbyoZlhfuwe_f_glh\f_gyxlk\hxkl_i_gvhdbke_gby \ hlebqb_ hl ^\mo hklZevguo j_Zdpby ]^_ kl_i_gv hdbke_gbyhklZ_lkyij_`g_cWKX2±+ o KX 2± G 2±12± G2± : +12±<hijhk >ZgumjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcZ=Q &O =Q&O[=Q +&O =Q&O +9IjhklZ\vl_ gZ^ agZdZfb khhl\_lkl\mxsbo obfbq_kdbo we_f_glh\kl_i_gbbohdbke_gbyb ihdZ`bl_i_j_oh^we_dljhgh\Hl\_lZ=Q&OWo=Q&O±H±=Q ± H : =Q\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky&O H: &O±hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky ± o+&O=Q&O±+9[=QH±=Q ± H: =Q+ H : +\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky± =Qhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky± +<hijhk >Zguko_fumjZ\g_gbcj_ZdpbcZ&X6+12jZa[ : &X12 6 12 GH[D62+62 .0Q2 : D62 0Q62+2KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gby hdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evguo j_Zdpbcihevamykvj_dhf_g^Zpb_cijb\_^_gghcgZkljHl\_lZ&X6± +12: &X12± 612 GH6± ± H± : 612± + H± : 12+26± ± H± : 6ghlZdjZkklZ\eylvdhwnnbpb_glu1 H± : 1keh`g__[D62±+62± .0Q2± : D62± 0Q62± +2±62± +2± H± : 62± +0Q2± + H± : 0Q +262± +2± H± 0Q2± +H± : 62± + 0Q +2ijhba\h^bfkhdjZs_gby62± 0Q2± +: 62± 0Q+2beb6 ± H : 60Q H: 0Q<hijhk DZdb_ kheb ih^\_j]Zxlky ]b^jhebam b ihq_fm" H[tykgbl_ wlh gZijbf_jZogbljZlZpbgdZkmevnZlZdZebyb kmevnb^ZgZljbyHl\_l=b^jhebam ih^\_j]Zxlky kheb h[jZah\Zggu_ Z keZ[uf hkgh\Zgb_ b kbevghc dbkehlhc [ kbevguf hkgh\Zgb_f b keZ[hc dbkehlhcWlhijhbkoh^blhllh]hqlh\ khklZ\_lZdbokhe_cbf_xlkybhgu dhlhju_ fh]ml k\yau\Zlvky k bhgZfb G beb HG± gZ dhlhju_g_agZqbl_evgh^bkkhpbbjm_l\h^ZGZijbf_j=Q12 GH : =Q2+12 +12 dbkeZykj_^Z=Q 12± GH : =Q2+ 1H± G=Q +2:=Q2G +Khevh[jZah\ZgZkbevghcdbkehlhcb keZ[ufhkgh\Zgb_fD6H GH : D 62± ± +2: .
62± +2Khevh[jZah\ZggZykbevghcdbkehlhcb kbevgufhkgh\Zgb_f]b^jhebamg_ih^\_j]Z_lky1D6GH : 1D+61D2+s_ehqgZykj_^Z1D 6± +HG±: 1D +6± HG±6± +2: +6± 2+±?kebkhevh[jZah\ZgZkbevgufhkgh\Zgb_fb keZ[hcdbkehlhclh]^Z]b^jhebab^_lk h[jZah\Zgb_fs_ehqghckj_^uKhebh[jZah\Zggu_keZ[hcdbkehlhcb keZ[ufhkgh\Zgb_fih^\_j]ZxlkygZb[he__iheghfm]b^jhebam< wlhfkemqZ_j_Zdpbykj_^uaZ\bkblhlkl_i_gb^bkkhpbZpbbijh^mdlh\]b^jhebaZ&+&221+ GH : KGKHH± 1+ +H : KGKHHG1+2+± Zp_lZlZffhgby<hijhk GZq_jlbl_\ l_ljZ^blZ[ebpmb aZihegbl___Hl\_lJZkl\hjukhe_coehjb^pbgdZ=Q&OdZj[hgZldZebyDKHakmevnZlgZljby1D62eZdfmkdjZkg__lP\_lbg^bdZlhjZf_lbeh\uc N_ghe±hjZg`_\uc nlZe_bgkbg__lp\_lg_f_gy_lkyjhah\__l`_el__lp\_lg_f_gy_lkyMjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbbihykgyxsb_baf_g_gb_p\_lZbg^bdZlhjZp\_lg_ =Q&O GH f_gy_lky =Q2+&OGKOklZgh\blky DKHaG fZebgh\uf DGKHaDHGp\_lg_f_gy_lky±AZ^ZqZ < jZkl\hjkh^_j`Zsbc] kmevnZlZ f_^b,,ihf_klbeb] `_e_aguohibehdDZdb_\_s_kl\Zh[jZamxlky\ j_amevlZl_j_Zdpbbb dZdh\ZbofZkkZ">ZghP&X6 ]P)H ]P)H6H± "P&X± "]]m]o]&X62 )H: )H62 &X;]]]]0&X ]fhev0)H ]fhev0&X62 ]fhev0)H62 ]fhevHij_^_ey_fdZdh_\_s_kl\h^Zgh\ ba[uld_] )H± ] &X6H | ]P&X62\klmib\r_]h\ j_Zdpbx± ]hgh^Zgh\ ba[uld_@_e_ahj_Z]bjm_liheghklvxagZqblfZkkuijh^mdlh\hij_^_ey_fih`_e_am] )H± ] )H6H] )H± ] &X] )H± m ])H62] )H± o ]&X [ ]| ]\Hl\_l\ j_amevlZl_j_Zdpbbh[jZah\Zehkv] f_^bb ]kmevnZlZ`_e_aZ] )H± o ]&X6H[AZ^ZqZD ] jZkl\hjZkh^_j`Zs_]h kmevnZlZ`_e_aZ,,^h[Z\beb] jZkl\hjZdhlhjuckh^_j`bl]b^jhdkb^ZgZljby<uqbkebl_fZkkmh[jZah\Z\r_]hkyhkZ^dZ>ZghPS±SD ]Pj±jZ ]&)H62 &1D2+ PhkZ^dZ± "]]o])H6H 1D2+: )H2+ ; 1D62] ]]GZoh^bffZkku\_s_kl\\ jZkl\hjZoP)H62 ]P1D2+ ]<ukqblu\Z_fhlghkbl_evgu_fhe_dmeyjgu_fZkkubkoh^guo\_s_kl\b ihemqb\r_]hky\_s_kl\Z0)H62 ]fhev01D2+ ]fhevF)_HG ]fhevHij_^_ey_fdZdh_\_s_kl\hgZoh^blky\ ba[uld_O] )H62 ± [] 1D2+ | [] )H62 ± ] 1D2+< j_Zdpbx\klmibeh] 1D2+\_s_kl\hgZoh^blky\ ba[uld_<uqbkey_ffZkkm)_HG\uiZ\r_]h\ hkZ^hdih)H62] )H6H ± [] )H2+ | ] )H62 ± ] )H2+ [Hl\_lP)H2+ ]=eZ\Z ,,± klj<hijhk GZhkgh\_l_hjbbkljh_gbyZlhfh\ihykgbl_ihq_fmdbkehjh^y\ey_lky[he__kbevgufhdbkebl_e_fq_fk_jZHl\_l2 VVS6 VVSVS:lhfu h[hbo we_f_glh\ bf_xl ih we_dljhgh\ gZ \g_rg_fwe_dljhgghf mjh\g_ b ^ey ihkljh_gby mklhcqb\hc \hkvfbwe_dljhgghc\g_rg_ch[hehqdbg_o\ZlZ_llhevdh^\mowe_dljhgh\6 H o 62 H o 2Gh dbkehjh^ bf__l f_gvrbc Zlhfguc jZ^bmk q_f k_jZ b _]hwe_dljhgu ijbly]b\Zxlky kbevg__ d y^jm Hlkx^Z ke_^m_l qlhhdbkebl_evgu_k\hckl\Zm H \ujZ`_gukbevg__q_fm k_ju<hijhk Ihevamykv^ZggufblZ[ebpb h[tykgbl_ihq_fmm Zlhfh\oehjZkl_i_gbhdbke_gby\ujZ`Zxlkyg_q_lgufbqbkeZfbZ mZlhfh\k_ju±q_lgufbIhq_fmdbkehjh^ijhy\ey_lihklhyggmx\Ze_glghklvZ k_jZ±i_j_f_ggmx"Hl\_lZ K_jZ gZoh^blky \ r_klhc ]jmii_ i_jbh^bq_kdhc kbkl_fu>BF_g^_e__\ZZ oehj± \ k_^vfhcWlhagZqblqlhm k_jugZihke_^g_f we_dljhgghf mjh\g_ gZoh^blky ± _ Z m oehjZ ± _ >eyh[jZah\Zgby mklhcqb\hc \hkvfbwe_dljhgghc h[hehqdb oehj klj_fblky eb[h hl^Zlv k_fv we_dljhgh\ eb[h ijbkh_^bgblv h^bg lh_klv g_q_lgh_ qbkeh k_jZ `_ klj_fblky eb[h ijbkh_^bgblv ^\Zeb[hhl^Zlvr_klvlh_klvq_lgh_qbkeh[ K_jZ gZoh^blky \ lj_lv_f i_jbh^_ i_jbh^bq_kdhc kbkl_fu>BF_g^_e__\Z Z dbkehjh^ \h \lhjhf wlh agZqbl qlh m Zlhfh\k_jugZ_fwg_j]_lbq_kdhfmjh\g_bf_xlkyg_aZiheg_gguo G±hj[blZe_c gZ dhlhju_ fh]ml i_j_oh^blv V b jwe_dljhgu \ j_amevlZl_ q_]h m k_ju ihy\ey_lky q_luj_ beb r_klv g_kiZj_gguowe_dljhgh\ b khhl\_lkl\_ggh k_jZ fh`_l [ulv lZd`_ q_luj_o br_klb\Ze_glghc<hijhk KjZ\gbl_ k\hckl\Z dbkehjh^Z b hahgZdjbklZeebq_kdhcb ieZklbq_kdhck_juGZhkgh\_wlboijbf_jh\ihykgbl_kmsghklvZeehljhibbHl\_l:eehljhiby ± wlh kihkh[ghklv obfbq_kdh]h we_f_glZ h[jZah\u\Zlvg_kdhevdhijhkluo\_s_kl\Obfbq_kdbcwe_f_gldbkehjh^h[jZam_l ^\Z ijhkluo \_s_kl\Z ± dbkehjh^ 2 b hahg 2 Nbabq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z dbkehjh^Z b hahgZ jZaebqZxlky dbkehjh^ ± ]Za [_ap\_lZb aZiZoZhahgh[eZ^Z_lj_adbfaZiZohfk\_`_klbb hdjZr_g\ ]hem[hcp\_lK_jZ lZd`_ h[jZam_l Zeehljhigu_ fh^bnbdZpbb ± djbklZeebq_kdmx b ieZklbq_kdmx k_jm DjbklZeebq_kdZy k_jZ ± l\_j^h_ojmidh_ \_s_kl\h ieZklbq_kdZy k_jZ ih nbabq_kdbf k\hckl\ZfgZihfbgZ_lj_abgm<hijhk I_j_qbkebl_ ijbjh^gu_ kh_^bg_gby k_ju gZibrbl_ bo obfbq_kdb_nhjfmeub hij_^_ebl_\ gbokl_i_gbhdbke_gbyk_juHl\_lKmevnb^u k\bgph\uc[e_kd 3E6f_^guc[e_kd&X6pbgdh\Zyh[fZgdZ=Q6ibjbl)H6k_jh\h^hjh^+6KmevnZlu ]bik &D6H G2 fbjZ[bebl 0J62 G2]eZm[_jh\Zkhev1D62 GH<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcijb dhlhjuobaijhkluo\_s_kl\h[jZamxlky keh`gu_ \_s_kl\Z nhjfmeu dhlhjuo ke_^mxsb_ /L6 =Q6+662&6 b 6)Bkihevamy^Zggu_ lZ[ebpuihykgbl_dZdb_k\hckl\Zhdbkebl_evgu_beb\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ijhy\ey_lk_jZ\ wlboj_ZdpbyoHl\_l/L6Wo/L6±_±/L ± H : /L6 H: 6±=Q6H±Wo=Q 6±\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky=Q ± H : =Q6 H: 6±\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyH±+ ± H : +6 H: 6±\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky+6Wo+ 6±62Wo62±H±6 ± H : 62 H: 2±6)Wo6)±H±6 ± H : 6)H H: )H±AZ^ZqZ Ba\_klgh kh_^bg_gb_ kh^_j`Zs__ fZkkh\uo ^he_c bebnhknhjZb fZkkh\uo^he_cbebk_juGZc^bl__]hijhkl_crmxnhjfmem$U3 $U6 J± J6± [6 | []± dhebq_kl\hZlhfh\k_jugZh^bgZlhfnhknhjZ] AgZqbl\ wlhf\_s_kl\_gZh^bgZlhfnhknhjZijboh^blkyZlhfZk_juld\ khklZ\\_s_kl\Zfh`_l\oh^blvlhevdhp_eh_qbkehZlhfh\agZqblnhjfmeZ\_s_kl\Z[m^_l36>ZghZJ Z6 6]3\ ± "Hl\_l36AZ^ZqZ Ijb h[jZah\Zgbb fhev hdkb^Z k_ju ,9 ba we_f_glh\ \u^_ey_lkyd>`Kdhevdh\u^_eblkyl_iehluijb k]hjZgbb] k_ju">ZghY6 fhev4 d>`P6 ]4± "][]6H : 62 d>`]]0U6 0U62 [] 62 ± ] 6] 6H± ] 6 P ] Y62 fhevP62 ][0 fhev62 ± o d>`fhev62 ± d>`[ d>`Hl\_l4 d>`klj± <hijhk Dhgp_gljbjh\ZggZyk_jgZydbkehlZijb gZ]j_\Zgbbj_Z]bjm_lk jlmlvx b k_j_[jhf ih^h[gh lhfm dZd hgZ j_Z]bjm_l k f_^vx KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbywlboj_Zdpbcb mdZ`bl_hdbkebl_evb \hkklZgh\bl_evHl\_l+J+62H±+J ± H : +J6 H: 6$J+62H±$J ± H : $J6 H: 6Wo+J62 62 +2\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyWo$J62 62 +2<hijhk KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc dhlhju_ ijZdlbq_kdb hkms_kl\bfubkihevamyijb\_^_ggu_ko_fu&X62 +&O:GJ +62 dhgp :&X+&O:1D12 +&O:0J&O +62dhgp :1D62 +62 :1D2++62 :$O2+ +62 :IjbkhklZ\e_gbbmjZ\g_gbcj_ZdpbcmdZ`bl_mkeh\bybohkms_kl\e_gby< l_okemqZyo]^_wlhlj_[m_lkykhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gby\ bhgghfbkhdjZs_gghfbhgghf\b^_Hl\_l&X62 +&O: g_j_Z]bjm_lGJ+62 dhgpWo+J62 629 +2±HGJ ± H : GJ\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky6 H: 6hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky&X+&O: g_j_Z]bjm_l1D12 +&O: g_j_Z]bjm_lg_lfZeh^bkkhpbbjmxs_]h\_s_kl\Z0J&O +62dhgp : 0J62 +&On0J &O± + 62± : 0J 62± +&O±&O± + : +&On1D62 +62 : 1D62 +62 : 1D62 62n +21D 62± + 62± : 1D 62± ± +6262± + : +62: 62n +21D2++62 : 1D62 +21D 2+± + 62± : 1D 62± ± +22+± + : +2$O2+ +62 : $O62 +2$O2+ + 62± : $O 62± +2$O2+ + : $O +2<hijhk GZah\bl_ hdbkebl_ev \ j_Zdpbyo Z jZa[Z\e_gghc k_jghc dbkehlu kf_lZeeZfb[dhgp_gljbjh\Zgghck_jghcdbkehluk f_lZeeZfbHl\_l=Q+62 : =Q62 +nH±=Q ± H : =Q+ H: +H±KX ± H : &X6 H: 6&X+62dhgp\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyWoKX62 62n +2\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyAZ^ZqZ DZdhch[t_fdbkehjh^Zihlj_[m_lky^eyk`b]ZgbyZd]k_jh\h^hjh^Z[f k_jh\h^hjh^ZZ>ZghPG6 d] ]] ]92 "[ oe+62 GH 62n efhev]G6± o e2] +6± efhevH e fHl\_l9H f[>Zgh9+6 f9G6 "[ f Hl\_l9H ffo eG6H G262fff G6± o f Hf G6± f HAZ^ZqZ DZdh\Z fZkkZ jZkl\hjZ kh^_j`Zs_]h fZkkh\u_ ^heb k_jghc dbkehludhlhjZyjZkoh^m_lkygZj_Zdpbxk ] Zexfbgby>ZghZ +62 P$O ]Zj±jZ "G6H :: :6H Gn]]0UG6H 0U$O [] G6H± ] $O] G6H± ] $O PG6H ] ]P + 62 ]Pj±jZZ + 62 [Hl\_lPj±jZ ]=eZ\Z,,,± klj<hijhk < lZ[ebp_kljmdZaZgumkeh\by\ebyxsb_gZkdhjhklvobfbq_kdboj_Zdpbcb ^Zguijbf_juGZah\bl_^eydZ`^h]hmkeh\byh^bg^\Z^hihegbl_evguoijbf_jZkhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcb ^Zcl_h[hkgh\Zgb_bohkms_kl\e_gbyHl\_lKdhjhklvobfbq_kdboj_ZdpbcaZ\bkblhlijbjh^uj_Z]bjmxsbo\_s_kl\=QGK: =Q&O+n ± kdhjhklvj_Zdpbb\ukhdZyldkheygZydbkehlZh[eZ^Z_l\ukhdhcobfbq_kdhcZdlb\ghklvx=QGKH : =Q&2 Gn ± kdhjhklvj_ZdpbbgbadZyldm]hevgZydbkehlZhq_gvkeZ[Zy>ey\_s_kl\\ jZkl\hj_gghfkhklhygbbb ]Zah\kdhjhklvobfbq_kdboj_ZdpbcaZ\bkblhldhgp_gljZpbbj_Z]bjmxsbo\_s_kl\=Q+&OhqjZa[: =Q&O+nYD=QGK: =Q&O+nYEYD YE wlhfh`ghgZ[ex^Zlvihkdhjhklb\u^_e_gby]ZaZ>ey\_s_kl\\ l\_j^hfkhklhygbbkdhjhklvj_ZdpbbijyfhijhihjpbhgZevgZih\_joghklbj_Z]bjmxsbo\_s_kl\)Hbaf_evq GK o )H&O+9 ± wlZj_Zdpbyb^_lhq_gvbgl_gkb\gh_kebbkihevah\Zlv`_e_agucihjhrhdIjbih\ur_gbbl_fi_jZlmjuj_ZdpbbgZdZ`^u_K kdhjhklv[hevrbgkl\Zj_Zdpbcm\_ebqb\Z_lky\ ±jZaZ[ukljhG &O o GK± ijbh[uqguomkeh\byoj_Zdpbyb^_lhq_gvf_^e_gghghijbgZ]j_\Zgbbijhbkoh^bl\aju\W)H6 o )H6± wlZj_Zdpby[_agZ]j_\Zgbyihqlbg_b^_lijbgZ]j_\Zgbbkmevnb^`_e_aZh[jZam_lky^hklZlhqgh[ukljhKdhjhklvobfbq_kdboj_ZdpbcaZ\bkblhlijbkmlkl\byg_dhlhjuo\_s_kl\dZlZebaZlhjh\W1+] ] o 12] +2± wlZj_Zdpbyb^_l^hklZlhqgh[ukljhlhevdh\ ijbkmlkl\bbdZlZebaZlhjZ± jZkdZe_gghcieZlbgh\hcijh\hehdbhgZhklZ_lky\ khklhygbbdjZkgh]hdZe_gby\ jZkl\hj_ZffbZdZ\iehlv^hhdhgqZgbyj_Zdpbb3W<hijhk Ihykgbl_d dZdhfmlbimhlghkylkyi_j_qbke_ggu_gb`_obfbq_kdb_j_Zdpbbb h[tykgbl_bokmsghklvZ\aZbfh^_ckl\b_jZkl\hjZoehjb^Z`_e_aZ,,,k ]b^jhdkb^hfgZljby[jZaeh`_gb_oehjZlZdZebyijb gZ]j_\Zgbb \ hdbke_gb_ hdkb^Z k_ju ,9 ] jZaeh`_gb_ dZj[hgZlZ dZevpby ijb gZ]j_\Zgbb ^ \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ Zexfbgby k k_jhc KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbywlboj_ZdpbcHl\_lZ<aZbfh^_ckl\b_jZkl\hjZoehjb^Z`_e_aZ,,,k ]b^jhdkb^hfgZljby)H&O 1D2+ )H2+; 1D&OWlhg_h[jZlbfZyj_Zdpbybhggh]hh[f_gZ\ j_amevlZl_dhlhjhch[jZam_lkyg_jZkl\hjbfh_hkgh\Zgb_b ihwlhfmj_Zdpbyb^_l^hdhgpZ[JZaeh`_gb_oehjZlZdZebyijbgZ]j_\ZgbbDK2 DK2nWlhg_h[jZlbfZyhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgZyj_Zdpby\ dhlhjhcoehj\ fhe_dme_DK2 y\ey_lkyhdbkebl_e_fb \hkklZgh\bl_e_fh^gh\j_f_ggh&O ± H : &O\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky&O H: &O±hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\Hdbke_gb_hdkb^Zk_ju,9 o 62± 462 2 mWlhh[jZlbfZyhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgZyj_Zdpbykh_^bg_gbyijhbkoh^ysZy\ ijbkmlkl\bbdZlZebaZlhjZb k\u^_e_gb_fwg_j]bbwdahl_jfbq_kdZy6 ± H : 6\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky2 H: 2±hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky]JZaeh`_gb_dZj[hgZlZdZevpbyijbgZ]j_\Zgbb92KD&2 o KD2K2nWlhh[jZlbfZyj_ZdpbyjZaeh`_gbyk ih]ehs_gb_fl_iehluwg^hl_jfbq_kdZy^<aZbfh^_ckl\b_Zexfbgbyk k_jhcW$O6 o $O6± 4Wlhg_h[jZlbfZyhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgZywdahl_jfbq_kdZyj_Zdpby$O ± H : $O\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky6 H: 6±±hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyW<hijhk o +J2 ± 4>ZgumjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc+J2 mWo 1+ 41 + mjS Wmo 12± 4So+ 2 m+2 41 2< dZdmxklhjhgmkf_klblkyjZ\gh\_kb_ijb ih\ur_gbbZl_fi_jZlmju[^Z\e_gby"Hl\_l+J2 mo +J2 ± 4Ijbih\ur_gbbl_fi_jZlmju WjZ\gh\_kb_j_Zdpbbkf_sZ_lky\ijZ\hijbih\ur_gbb^Z\e_gbyjZ\gh\_kb_kf_sZ_lky\e_\h\klhjhgmmf_gvr_gbyh[t_fZW1 + mo 1+ 4Ijbih\ur_gbbl_fi_jZlmjuWjZ\gh\_kb_kf_sZ_lky\e_\hijbih\ur_gbb^Z\e_gbyj ± kf_sZ_lky\ijZ\hj1 2 mo 12± 4B ijbih\ur_gbbl_fi_jZlmjuWb ijbih\ur_gbb^Z\e_gbyjjZ\gh\_kb_kf_sZ_lky\ijZ\hS W + 2 mo +2 4Ijbih\ur_gbbl_fi_jZlmjuWjZ\gh\_kb_kf_sZ_lky\e_\hijbih\ur_gbb^Z\e_gbyj jZ\gh\_kb_kf_sZ_lky\ijZ\hS<hijhk K_jgmxdbkehlmfh`ghihemqblvbake_^mxsbobkoh^guoijh^mdlh\Zkmevnb^ZpbgdZ[k_jh\h^hjh^Z\kmevnb^Zkmjvfu 6E6KhklZ\vl_khhl\_lkl\mxsb_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_lIhemq_gb_62=Q6H =Q2HZ+6H +26H[6E6 6E2 6H\Ihemq_gb_6262 H 6HIhemq_gb_+6262 +2 +6H<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcijb ihfhsbdhlhjuofh`ghhkms_kl\blvij_\jZs_gbyZ7H : 7H2: +7H2: 1DL_H7H2 : 1DGL_H+7H2: 1DGL_H[6H: +6H: &D6H+6H: 6_H+6H: KZG6HHl\_lo L_HZL_H L_Hba[1DL_H\h^gGH : 1DGL_HL_HGH : GL_H GL_H1D2G : 1DL_HGH+L_Hba[1DH+: 1DGL_H GHWo +6_ +6H H o GH 6_H[6_ + +6Hba[KZHG: KZG6H +2+6H KZHG: KZ6H+2WW<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbckh]eZkghko_f_Hl\_l6+ o G6W6)H o )H6WG6 o +6G6)H: )H6+)H6+&O: )H&O +6+6H: GH 62n6H2: 626H+2 : +62%U+6 : +62+%U+62dhgp : %U+69+2)H6 : )H2 62n6H+2 : +62+62: +2 6Hn+62H : +62+621DH+: 1D62+26H+2 : +62+621DH+: 1D62+2)H621D6: )H6; 1D62WAZ^ZqZ <uqbkebl_ kj_^gxx kdhjhklv j_Zdpbb : < : K _keb gZqZevgZydhgp_gljZpby\_s_kl\Z: jZ\gZfheveZ q_j_ak ± fheveDZdbaf_gbeZkvaZwlh\j_fydhgp_gljZpby\_s_kl\Z<">ZghF $ fheveF : fheve'W kY± "'k <± "Yk k 'W fheve kHl\_lY ± fheve kdhgp_gljZpby\_s_kl\Z< baf_gbeZkvlZd`_ dZdb :gZfheveAZ^ZqZ <h kdhevdh jZa m\_ebqblky kdhjhklv j_Zdpbb ijb ih\ur_gbb l_fi_jZlmjuhl^h K_kebijb ih\ur_gbbl_fi_jZlmjugZK kdhjhklvj_Zdpbbm\_ebqb\Z_lky\ ljbjZaZ"'W K ± K K>Zgh'WW KW K'Y± "' Y Hl\_l'Y kdhjhklvj_Zdpbbm\_ebqbeZkv\ jZaZAZ^ZqZ DZdh\ZfZkkZk_jghcdbkehludhlhjmxfh`ghihemqblvbal jm^ukh^_j`Zs_c^bkmevnb^Z`_e_aZ)H6")H6 o )HH 6262 H o 6262 +2o +62agZqbl)H6 o +62 beb )H6 o+62)H6 o+62>ZghPjm^u lZ)H6 P+62± "P )H6 l0U)H6 0U+62 o lG62 ±l )H6l +62 ± l )H6Hl\_lP+62 l[ lAZ^ZqZ Kdhevdhlhgggh]hjZkl\hjZk_jghcdbkehlufh`ghihemqblvbal ibjblZ">ZghZ P)H6 lP+62± "o lol)H6 o G62 ± ihZgZeh]bbk aZ^llo lG62 o )H6l G62 o l )H6 l l G62PG62 Hl\_lPG62 l =eZ\Z,9± klj<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcijb dhlhjuoh[jZamxlkyZ^b]b^jhhjlhnhknZl Zffhgby [ ]b^jhhjlhnhknZl Zffhgby \ hjlhnhknZlZffhgbyHl\_l1G GJHba[ o 1++3H^b]b^jhhjlhnhknZlZffhgby1G GJHba[ o 1++3H]b^jhhjlhnhknZlZffhgby1G GJHg_^hkl o 1++3HhjlhnhknZlZffhgby<hijhk =b^jhdZj[hgZlZffhgbybgh]^Zijbf_gy_lkyijb \ui_qd_dhg^bl_jkdboba^_ebcDZdb_ k\hckl\Zwlh]h\_s_kl\Zijb wlhfbkihevamxlky"Hl\_lKhebZffhgbyijbgZ]j_\ZgbbjZaeZ]Zxlky1++&2 o 1+n &2n +2<u^_eyxsbckyijbwlhcj_Zdpbb m]e_dbkeuc]Zaijb^Z_ll_klmiurghklvb \ha^mrghklv<hijhk GZq_jlbl_ \ l_ljZ^b lZ[ebpm b \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ]jZnZo aZibrbl_fhe_dmeyjgu_b bhggu_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcihykgyxsbooZjZdl_jgu_obfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zkhe_cnhjfmeudhlhjuo^Zgu\ lZ[ebp_Hl\_lKheb1+&O1+&2Obfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zh[sb_k ^jm]bfbkheyfb^bkkhpbZpby1+&O: 1+ &O±1+&2 : 1+ &2±Ki_pbnbq_kdb_k\hckl\ZjZaeh`_gb_ijbgZ]j_\Zgbb1+&O o 1+9 &O9W1+&2 o1+9 &29 +2WKheb1+61+621+&O1+61+621+&O1+&21+61+62Obfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zh[sb_k ^jm]bfbkheyfb1+6: 1+ 6±1+62 : 1+ 62±j_Z]bjmxlk dbkehlZfb1+&O+62dhgp :o 1+62G&O1+&2 +&O:o 1+&O+2&291+62 ± g_j_Z]bjm_lldk_jgmxdbkehlmbakhe_c^jm]b_dbkehlug_\ul_kgyxlj_Z]bjmxlk ^jm]bfbkheyfb1+&O:J12 :o 1+12 $J&O;1+&O±:J12o:1+12±$J&O;:J &O± : $J&O;1+&2 &D&O:o 1+&O&D&2;1+&2±&D&O: 1+ &O± &D&2;&D &2± : &D&2;1+63E12 :o 1+123E6;1+ 6± 3E 12± : 1+ 12± 3E6;3E 6± : 3E6;1+62 <D&O :o %D62; 1+&O1+62± <D &O± : %D62; 1+ &O±<D 62± : %D62;Ki_pbnbq_kdb_k\hckl\Z1+6 o 1+9&29 +69±1+62 1+9 +629j_Z]bjmxlkhs_ehqZfb1+&O.2+: .&O1+9 +21+&2 1D2+:1D&2 1+9 +21+62 &D2+ :o&D6 1+9 +2Wih^\_j]Zxlky]b^jhebam1+&O+2:o 1+2++&O1+ &O± +2:o 1+2+&O± +1++2 1+2++1+&2+2:o 1+2++&21+ &2± +2o: 1+2++&21+6+2:o 1+2++61+ 6± +2:o 1+2++61+62 +2:o 1+2++621+62+2o: 1+2++621++2:o 1+2++AZ^ZqZ ] oehjb^ZZffhgbykf_rZebk ] ]b^jhdkb^ZdZevpbyb kf_kvgZ]j_ebDZdhc]Zab kdhevdh_]hih fZkk_b h[t_fm\u^_ebehkvgm">ZghP1+&O ]P&D2+ ]P]ZaZ± "9]ZaZ± "gm]]o]]]]1+&O&D2+ &D&O 1+9+2FU1+&O 0U&D2+ < g_^hklZld_^ZgKZHGld1+&O± o ]KD2+] 1+&O± ] KD2+ ]P&D2+± g_h[oh^bfZy^eyj_Zdpbb] ± \ g_^hklZld_b ihg_fmijhba\h^bfjZkq_luFU1+ ] KZHG ± o ]1+] KZHG ± ] 1+ ] P1+ ]o ] 1+ ± o e ]] 1+ ± eo oHl\_l P1+ ]91+ eAZ^ZqZ DZdh\uh[t_fb fZkkZZffbZdZdhlhju_ihlj_[mxlky^eyihemq_gbyl gbljZlZZffhgby">ZghP1+12 lP1+± "91+± "ollll1+ +12 : 1+12FU1+ FU1+12 o l 1+ ± l 1+12l 1+ ± ] 1+12 ] P1+± lol ± o fl ± fo f Hl\_lP1+± l91+± f± klj± <hijhk Ijb \aZbfh^_ckl\bb jZa[Z\e_gghc +12 k g_dhlhjufb f_lZeeZfb0J=Qfh`_l\u^_eblvkyhdkb^ZahlZ,bebZahlGZibrbl_khhl\_lkl\mxsb_mjZ\g_gbyhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evguoj_ZdpbcHl\_lFJ+12 :0J12 1n +20J ± H : 0J\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky1 H : 1hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyFJ +12 : 0J12 1Hh +20J ± H : 0J\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky1 H : 1hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky =Q+12 : =Q12 1n+2=Q ± H : =Q\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky1 H : 1hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky=Q+12 : =Q12 12n +2=Q ± H : =Q\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky1 H : 1hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky<hijhk < ihq\_ m^h[j_gghc gZ\hahf h[jZam_lky dZj[hgZl Zffhgby Z \h\j_fy]jhau± gbljZlZffhgbyQ_fwlhh[tykgy_lky"GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_l< gZ\ha_ kh^_j`blky bhg Zffhgby 1+ < ihq\_ kh^_j`blkydZj[hdkbevgucbhgKH±dhlhjuch[jZam_lky\ j_amevlZl_^bkkhpbZpbbkhe_cm]hevghcdbkehluBf__f j_Zdpbx1+ &2 +2: 1+&2<h\j_fy]jhau\ g_[hevrbodhe\Zoh[jZam_lkyhdkb^ZahlZ,,1 2 o 12dhlhjucaZl_fhdbkey_lky122 12Ijbj_Zdpbb12 k \h^hch[jZam_lkyZahlgZydbkehlZ12 +22 +12we jZajy^HgZ\ k\hxhq_j_^vihiZ^Z_l\ ihq\mk ^h`^yfblZd`_dZdbm]hevgZydbkehlZh[jZah\Z\rZyky\ j_amevlZl_kh_^bg_gby\h^ubKH Zlfhkn_jgh]h\ha^moZKH GH : +&2b k\yau\Z_lbhgZffhgbyk h[jZah\Zgb_fgbljZlZZffhgby1+2++12 : 1+12 +2<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcijb ihfhsbdhlhjuobaZffbZdZihemqZxlZahlgmxdbkehlmHl\_l 1G H 12+24 122 12 12 +22 l +12 4<hijhk Hij_^_ebl_ \ dZdmx klhjhgm kf_sZ_lky jZ\gh\_kb_ j_Zdpbb f_`^mhdkb^hfZahlZ,9\h^hcb dbkehjh^hfijb baf_g_gbbZl_fi_jZlmju[^Z\e_gbyIhq_fm"Hl\_l12 +22 mo +12 4J_Zdpby wdahl_jfbqgZ ihwlhfm ijb ih\ur_gbb l_fi_jZlmjujZ\gh\_kb_ j_Zdpbb kf_sZ_lky \e_\h Ijb ih\ur_gbb ^Z\e_gbyjZ\gh\_kb_ kf_sZ_lky \ijZ\h \ klhjhgm h[jZah\Zgby h^gh]h \_s_kl\Zldijbwlhfbak_fbbkoh^guofhe_dmeh[jZamxlkylhevdhq_luj_fhe_dmeu+12l_h[t_fmf_gvrZ_lkyS<hijhk GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc\ fhe_dmeyjghfbhgghfb khdjZs_gghfbhgghf \b^_ ijb ihfhsb dhlhjuo fh`gh jZaebqblvkheygmxk_jgmxbZahlgmxdbkehluHl\_l+62 <ZKO : %D62; +&O+ 62± <Z KO± : %D62; + &O±<Z 62± : %D62;+&O$J12 : $J&O; +12+ &O± $J 12± : $J&O; + 12±$J &O± : $J&O;+12 KXo &X12 12n GH[mjuc]Za< bhgghf\b^_j_Zdpbxg_evaygZibkZlvldwlhg_j_Zdpbyh[f_gZwlhhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgZyj_Zdpby\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky&X ± _ o &hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky1 _ o 1<hijhk Ijb\_^bl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc Z oZjZdl_jgu_ lhevdh ^ey Zahlghcdbkehlu[h[sb_^eyZahlghcb ^jm]bodbkehlHl\_lJ_Zdpbbk f_lZeeZfbihf_j_jZa[Z\e_gby=Q+12dhgp o =Q12 1Hn GH=Q+12 o =Q12 1Hn GH=Q+12 o =Q12 1n GH=Q+12 o =Q12 1Hn GH=Q+12 o =Q12 1G12GHHdbke_gb_g_f_lZeeh\J +12dhgp o +JH 12nGHHdbkey_lkheygmxdbkehlmkf_kv+12b +&O± pZjkdZy\h^dZhq_gvkbevguchdbkebl_evjZkl\hjy_l^Z`_ahehlh+12 +&Oo 12&O&O +2K hkgh\gufbhdkb^ZfbDH +12 o .12 GHK hkgh\Zgbyfb+12 KZHG o KZHG GHK kheyfb[he__keZ[uodbkehl+12 &D&2 &D12 GH KHn JZaeh`_gb_ih^^_ckl\b_fk\_lZ+12k\_lo +212nH<hijhk GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc ijhl_dZxsbo f_`^m k_j_[jhf b jZa[Z\e_gghcZahlghcZ lZd`_dhgp_gljbjh\ZgghcZahlghcdbkehlhcIhdZ`bl_ i_j_oh^ we_dljhgh\ b ih^q_jdgbl_hdbkebl_evh^ghcq_jlhcZ\hkklZgh\bl_ev± ^\mfyHl\_l$J+12jZa[ o $J12 12n GHH±$J ± _ o $J1 _ o 1\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky$J +12dhgp o $J12 12n GHH±$J ± _ o $J1 _ o 1\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky<hijhk < ^\mo ijh[bjdZo gZoh^ylky jZaebqgu_ gbljZlu [_eh]h p\_lZ IjbgZ]j_\Zgbb h^ghc kheb \u^_ey_lky [_kp\_lguc ]Za \ dhlhjhfle_xsZyemqbgdZ\kiuob\Z_lIjbgZ]j_\Zgbb\lhjhckheb\u^_ey_lky]Za[mjh]hp\_lZ DZdb_ wlh gbljZlu" GZibrbl_ khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ mjZ\g_gbyhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evguoj_ZdpbcHl\_lLZf]^_emqbgZ\kiuob\Z_l\u^_ey_lky2ke_^h\Zl_evgh\ijh[bjd_gZoh^blkygbljZlZdlb\gh]hf_lZeeZGZijbf_j1D12 1D12 2&D12 &D12 2LZf]^_\u^_ey_lky[mjuc]Za± wlhhdkb^ZahlZ ,912ke_^h\Zl_evgh\ ijh[bjd_gZoh^blkykhevh[jZah\ZggZyf_lZeehfdhlhjuc\ jy^mf_lZeeh\gZoh^blkyijZ\__f_^b$J12 $J12n H<hijhk Ijb ]jhah\uojZajy^Zo\ ihq\_bgh]^Zfh`_lh[jZah\ZlvkygbljZldZevpbyGZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_ZdpbcHl\_l1 2 o 12122 o 1212 +2o +12 12+12 &D&2 o &D12 +2&2nwe jZajy^AZ^ZqZ DZdhch[t_fZffbZdZgmihlj_[m_lky^eyihemq_gbyl jZkl\hjZkh^_j`Zs_]hfZkkh\uo^he_cZahlghcdbkehlu">ZghPj±jZ lZ+1H gm91G± "gm1+ 2 o 12GH122 o 1212 GH 2 l +121+ o +12P+1H ofl1+ o +12 f lP+1H Pj±jZ Z +1H lo f f 1+ ± Q1+2 [ fHl\_l91+ fAZ^ZqZ D ] jZkl\hjZkh^_j`Zs_]hfZkkh\uo^he_c]b^jhdkb^ZdZebyijbebeb ] jZkl\hjZ kh^_j`Zs_]h fZkkh\uo ^he_c Zahlghc dbkehlu DZdh\Z j_Zdpby ihemq_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ g_cljZevgZy dbkeZy bebs_ehqgZy"Kdhevdh]jZffh\khebh[jZah\Zehkv">ZghPS±SD ]PS±SD ]Z .2+ OZ G1H ]]o ]]]]DHG+12 o .12 GHJ_Zdpbyihemq_ggh]hjZkl\hjZdbkeZyld+12 ^ZgZ\ ba[uld_kfj_r_gb_PDHG PS±SD Z DHG ]PD1H± "PG12 PS±SD Z G12 ]0U.2+ 0U+12 ] DHG± [] +12] .2+± ] +12 ]oFZkkZ+12g_h[oh^bfZy^eyj_Zdpbb± ]agZqbl+12^ZgZ\ ba[uld_Ijhba\h^bfjZkq_lih\_s_kl\m^Zgghfm\ g_^hklZld_DHG0U.12 ] .2+± o ].1H] DHG± ] .12 ]oHl\_lPD12 ]kj_^ZdbkeZyldZahlgZydbkehlZ^ZgZ\ba[uld_± klj± <hijhk Ijb \aZbfh^_ckl\bb Zahlghc dbkehlu gZ nhknhj ihemqZ_lkyhjlhnhknhjgZydbkehlZKhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gb_wlhcj_Zdpbb_kebba\_klghqlh\ g_cmqZkl\m_l\h^Zb \u^_ey_lkyhdkb^ZahlZ,,Hl\_l3+12+2o +32 12n\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lky3 ± _ o 3hdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky1 _ o 1<hijhk KhklZ\vl_ fhe_dmeyjgu_ b bhggu_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc hjlhnhknhjghcdbkehlukZdZevpb_f[hdkb^hfdZevpby\]b^jhdkb^hfdZevpby\ayluf\ ba[uld_\ g_^hklZld_Ih^nhjfmeZfbaZibrbl_gZa\Zgbykhhl\_lkl\mxsbo\_s_kl\Hl\_lAKZGJ2 o KZJHp AGnhjlhnhknZl dZevpbyAKZHGJ2 o KZJHp AGHhjlhnhknZl dZevpbyAKZH+ba[GJ2 o KZHGJHAGHhjlhnhknZl dZevpbyKZ H+ Go KZHG± JH± AGH±HG G o GHKZH+GJ2ba[ o KZGJHGH]±KZ H+ GHG± G o GH± J2±]b^jhnhknZl dZevpby J2±o KZGJH± AGH<hijhk I_j_qbkebl_ \Z`g_crb_ Zahlgu_ m^h[j_gby KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcgZdhlhjuohkgh\Zghijhba\h^kl\hwlbom^h[j_gbcHl\_l1D&2 12 1D12 1D12 &2 ± ihemqZ_fgbljZlgZljby1D121+ &2 &21+ ± fhq_\bgZ+62 1+ 1+62 ± kmevnZlZffhgby+12 1+ 1+12 ± gbljZlZffhgby<hijhk GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyobfbq_kdboj_Zdpbcijb ihfhsbdhlhjuoihemqZxl\Z`g_crb_nhknhjgu_m^h[j_gbyHl\_lIjhklhckmi_jnhknZl+62 &D32 &D+32 &D62>\hcghckmi_jnhknZl+32 &D32 &D+32<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbckh]eZkghko_fZfb Hl\_lKo_fZ Z1+&O&D2+o &D&O 1+n GH beb1+&O o 1+n +&On[1+ +&Oo 1+&O\1+&O+H o 1+HG +&O1+ +H o 1+HG +]1+HG l 1+ +HW 5K3Wo 12+HWH1 2 o12Wo 0J1`1 0J ^1+ gbljb^ fZ]gbya0J1 +H o 0J2+ 1+nb122 o 12d12 HG o G12 12eG12 o GH 12n 2nfG12 DHGo D12 GHW k\_lo $J12n2ng$J12 R12 DHG o D12 +2i12 GH o G12 G12WZahlbklZydbkehlZjG12 DHGo D12 +2gbljbl dZebykG12 =Qo =Q12 12+2l1+ +12 o 1+12Ko_fZ ZJ H o JHo GJ2[JH +2 \J +12 +2o GJ2 12n]GJ2 DHGo GJ212nWo GJ2D&On^DJ2 GKO HJH DHGo DJ2 +2`GJ2o GJ2+2W^\mnhknhjgZy dbkehlZaKZJH K 6L2Wo&D6L2 3&2o KZJbKZJ dKZJ +2oJG KZHGeQ+2QJH o+32QWf_lZnhknhjgZy dbkehlZo +32+2GJH fG32 DHGo DJH GHWf_lZnhknZl dZebyAZ^ZqZ Kdhevdh hjlhnhknhjghc dbkehlu fh`gh ihemqblv ba l hjlhnhknZlZ dZevpby _keb \uoh^ dbkehlu khklZ\ey_l fZkkh\uo ^he_cbebih kjZ\g_gbxk l_hj_lbq_kdbf">ZghPKZJ2 lijZdl\uo± fZkkh\uo^he_cbebPGJ2± "l[lKZJH +62 o &D62 +32l lFUKZJH FUGJH JZkkqblZ_fl_hj_lbq_kdbc\uoh^GJHl KZJH ± o lG32l KZJH ± l G32 l[IjZdlbq_kdbc\uoh^G32l G32 ± o lG32 ± [ lHl\_lPG32 lAZ^ZqZ Kh^_j`Zgb_ iblZl_evgh]h we_f_glZ nhknhjZ \ nhknhjguo fbg_jZevguo m^h[j_gbyo hij_^_eyxl \ i_j_kq_l_ gZ hdkb^ nhknhjZ 9Kdhevdhwlh]hhdkb^Z\ ijhklhfb ^\hcghfkmi_jnhknZl_"KZJH G62 o KZ+JH &D62ijhklhckmi_jnhknZlFUKZ+JH FU&D6H Pijhklh]hkmi_jnhknZlZ FUJH | ZJH KD+JH ± ^\hcghckmi_jnhknZlFUKZ+JH | Z KZ+JH Hl\_l ZJH ijhklhckmi_jnhknZlZ KZ+JH ^\hcghckmi_jnhknZlAZ^ZqZ Kdhevdhlhgg^\hcgh]hkmi_jnhknZlZihlj_[m_lkyqlh[u aZf_gblvl ijhklh]hkmi_jnhknZlZ">ZghPijhFkmi_jn lFUijkminhkn kfij_^u^msmxaZ^ZqmFU^\kminhkn P^\kn± "FUJH ZJH ZJH l \ l ik± l JH\ l ^k± l JH lo l^k± l JHo Hl\_llj_[m_lkyl ^\hcgh]hkmi_jnhknZlZ=eZ\Z9± klj± <hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcijhl_dZxsboijb gZ]j_\Zgbbm]eykhke_^mxsbfbhdkb^Zfbhdkb^hf`_e_aZ,,,hdkb^hfheh\Z,9IhdZ`bl_ i_j_oh^ we_dljhgh\ b ih^q_jdgbl_h^ghcq_jlhchdbkebl_evZ^\mfy± \hkklZgh\bl_evHl\_l)H2 & oH±& ± H o &)H H o )HW)H&2\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky6Q2& o 6Q&2H±& ± H o &6Q H o 6QW<hijhk DZdhc ba ]Zah\ y\ey_lky [he__ p_gguf lhieb\hf ]_g_jZlhjguc beb\h^yghc"Ihq_fm"Hl\_l=_g_jZlhjguc]Za± KH<h^yghc]Za± KHG<h^yghc]Za[he__p_g_g<hijhk KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc ijhl_dZxsbo k h[jZah\Zgb_f hdkb^Zm]e_jh^Z,9\ ijbjh^_\ [ulm\ eZ[hjZlhjbbb \ijhfure_gghklbHl\_l\ ijbjh^_± ]hj_gb_K H KH\ eZ[hjZlhjbb&D&2 +&O &D&O &2 +2 ± j_ZdpbyaZf_s_gby\ ijhfure_gghklb&X2 & &X &2<hijhk IjbijhimkdZgbbhdkb^Zm]e_jh^Z,9q_j_ajZkl\hj]b^jhdkb^ZdZevpby\gZqZe_h[jZam_lky\a\_kvdhlhjZyaZl_fjZkl\hjy_lkyGZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_ZdpbcHl\_lKH KZHG o &D&2p GH ± ihfmlg_gb_Ijb^Zevg_cr_fijhimkdZgbb&2 h[jZam_lkyjZkl\hjbfuc]b^jhdZj[hgZldZevpbyKZKH GH KH o KZGKH<hijhk DZdkf_klblvijhp_kkh[jZlbfhcj_ZdpbbZ\ijZ\hb [\e_\h&2+2+&24"Ihq_fmwlZj_Zdpbyh[jZlbfZy"Hl\_lo GK2 4KH GH mWlhwdahl_jfbq_kdZyj_ZdpbyIjbih\ur_gbbWjZ\gh\_kb_j_Zdpbb [m^_lkf_sZlvky\e_\hKf_klblvjZ\gh\_kb_j_Zdpbb\ijZ\hfh`ghm\_ebqb\^Z\e_gb_WlZj_Zdpbyh[jZlbfZS<hijhk >ey bamq_gby obfbq_kdbo k\hckl\ m]hevghc dbkehlu \ h^bg jZkl\hjgZkus_gguchdkb^hfm]e_jh^Z,9himklbebheh\h\ ^jm]hc± fZ]gbcZ \lj_lbc± gZljbc< dZdhfkemqZ_m^Zehkv^hdZaZlvqlhm]hevgZydbkehlZohlyb g_Zdlb\ghgh\k_`_j_Z]bjm_lk f_lZeeZfb"Ihq_fm"Hl\_lJ_Z]bjm_llhevdhk Zdlb\gufbf_lZeeZfbGKH 0Jo 0J&2 +nGKH 1Do 1D&2 +n<hijhk Ihq_fm \ h]g_lmrbl_eyo bkihevamxl ]b^jhdZj[hgZl gZljby Z g_dZj[hgZlgZljby"Hl\_lIjbg_[hevrhfgZ]j_\Zgbb]b^jhdZj[hgZlZ\u^_ey_lky&21DG&2 1D&H +2&2n>eydZj[hgZlZgZljbygm`gu\ukhdb_l_fi_jZlmjuihwlhfmhgbg_bkihevamxlky<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbckhhl\_lkl\mxsboke_^mxs_cko_f_Hl\_l1D&2 +2o 1D&2 +2dZevpbgbjh\ZggZy kh^ZdjbklZeebq_kdZykh^ZJZkl\hj_gb_kh^u\ \h^_b ihke_^mxs__\uiZjb\Zgb_1D&2 +2 o 1D&2 +2ijhdZeb\Zgb_1D&2 +2&2 o 1DG&2W1DG&2Wo1D&2 &2n +2<hijhk Bkihevamy jbkmghd khklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gby obfbq_kdbo j_Zdpbc dhlhju_ijhbkoh^ylijb djm]h\hjhl_m]e_jh^Z\ ijbjh^_Hl\_l>uoZgb_&GHH o &2n +HNhlhkbgl_a&2n +H o &GHHnn_jf_glu=hj_gb_m]ey&H o &2=hj_gb_hj]Zgbq_kdbo\_s_kl\g_nlvijbjh^guc]Zab li&G H o &2+HK`b]Zgb_lhieb\Z[_gabgb liW&G H o &2+H;jh`_gb_ih^^_ckl\b_f^jh``_\uon_jf_glh\&GHo &2n K+HGW]exdhaZwlZgheJZaeh`_gb_ba\_klgydZh[`b]KZKHAZ^ZqZ WoKZHKHDZdhch[t_fhdkb^Zm]e_jh^Z,9\u^_eblkygmijb h[`b]_lba\_klgydZkh^_j`Zs_]hfZkkh\mx^hexijbf_k_c">ZghPKZKH lZijbf_k_c 9KH± "gmlKZKHlolo KZHKHnWlPijbf_k_c lP&D&2 ± l0U&D&2 0U&2 l KZKH ± o lKHl KZKH ± l KHo Ü lP&2 ll KH ± f KHl KH ± o f KHo Hl\_l9KH fAZ^ZqZ Kdhevdh ihlj_[m_lky djbklZeebq_kdhc kh^u ^eyiheghcg_cljZebaZpbb ] k_jghcdbkehlu">ZghPG62 ]PG&2 +2± "o ]]]]1ZKH GH G62 o 1Z62 KH GH0UG&2 +2 0UG62 o ]1ZKH GH ± ] G62] 1ZKH GH ± ] G62 o ]Hl\_lPG&2 +2 ]AZ^ZqZ Kdhevdh ihlj_[m_lky jZkl\hjZ kh^_j`Zs_]h fZkkh\uo ^he_cbeboehjh\h^hjh^Z^eyj_Zdpbbk ] dZj[hgZlZgZljby">ZghPG&2 ]Z GKO PS±SZ± "o ]Hl\_lPj±jZ ]]o]] ]1ZKH GKOo 1Z&OGH KHn0UG&2 0UGKO ] 1ZKH ± o ]GKO] 1ZKH ± ] G&OP j±jZ ]AZ^ZqZ < ] \h^u jZkl\hjbeb ] djbklZeebq_kdhc kh^u Hij_^_ebl_fZkkh\mx^hexb ijhp_glgh_kh^_j`Zgb_[_a\h^ghckheb1D&2\ ihemq_gghfjZkl\hj_>ZghP+2 ]PG&2 +2]Z G&2± "Z 1D&2± "P1D&2 ]P 1D&2 Z 1D&2 P j jZZ 1D&2 Pj±jZ ]0U1D&2 0U1D&2 +2 \ ] 1ZKH GH ± ] 1D&2\] 1ZKH GH ± o ]1D&2 oHl\_lZ 1D&2 fZkkh\uo ^he_cZ1D&2 AZ^ZqZ ] kf_kb khklhys_c ba dZj[hgZlZ b ]b^jhdZj[hgZlZ gZljbykbevgh ijhdZebeb HklZlhd ihke_ ijhdZeb\Zgby \_kbe ] <ujZabl_khklZ\kf_kb\ fZkkh\uo^heyo>ZghPkf_kb ]PhklZldb ]khklZ\kf_kb\ fZkkh\uo^heyo± "IjbgZ]j_\ZgbbjZaeZ]Z_lkylhevdh]b^jhdZj[hgZlgZljbyo ]1ZGKH ]]o 1ZKH GH KHnW]>eylh]hqlh[ugZclb_]hfZkkmgm`ghmagZlvfZkkm\u^_eb\rboky\_s_kl\PGH KH Pkf_kb± Phkl ± ]FUGH KH 0U1D+12 o ]1D+&2 ± ] +H KH ]] 1D+&2 ± ] +2&2o P1D+&2 ]Z1D+&2 Z1D+&2 ± beb Z 1D+&2 Hl\_l Z 1D+&2 f^Z1D+&2 Z 1D&2 f^Z1D&2 ± klj<hijhk DZdihemqZxlk\h[h^gucdj_fgbc\ l_ogbd_b \eZ[hjZlhjbb"GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbywlboj_Zdpbcb ijhZgZebabjmcl_bok we_dljhgghclhqdbaj_gbyHl\_l< ijhfure_gghklbbkihevamxl\ dZq_kl\_\hkklZgh\bl_eym]e_jh^6L2 & 6L &2< eZ[hjZlhjbbbkihevamxlfZ]gbc6L2 0J 6L0J2<hijhk DZdh\unbabq_kdb_b obfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zdj_fgby"Ijb\_^bl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboobfbq_kdboj_ZdpbcIhykgbl_dZdb_k\hckl\Zdj_fgbybkihevamxl\ l_ogbd_Hl\_l Nbabq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z djbklZeebq_kdbc dj_fgbc h[eZ^Z_lf_lZeebq_kdbf [e_kdhf lm]hieZ\dbc hq_gv l\_j^uc ihemijh\h^gbdObfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zdj_fgbcfZehZdlb\_gZijbih\ur_gguol_fi_jZlmjZo±K6L2 6L26L&O 6L&O6L6 6L66L+ 6L+[bakeh`guo\_s_kl\dj_fgbcj_Z]bjm_lkhs_ehqZfb6L1DHG GH 1D6L2 Gn\j_Z]bjm_lk f_lZeeZfbk h[jZah\Zgb_fkbebpb^h\KZ 6L o &D6LW0J6L o 0J6L< l_ogbd_bkihevamxlihemijh\h^gbdh\u_k\hckl\Zdj_fgby_]h`Zjhijhqghklvb dbkehlhmihjghklvijhba\h^kl\hdj_fgbkluoklZe_cW<hijhk DZd fh`gh ihemqblv dj_fgb_\mx dbkehlm ba hdkb^Z dj_fgby ,9"GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_l6L2 1D2G o 1D6L2 GH1D6L2 +&o G6L2p 1D&O<hijhk DZdb_ ba khe_c kbevg__ ih^\_j]Zxlky]b^jhebam± kbebdZlubebdZj[hgZlu"Ihq_fm"Hl\_lKbebdZlu ihlhfm qlh dj_fgb_\Zy dbkehlZ keZ[__ m]hevghcIjb]b^jheba_kbebdZlh\h[jZam_lkydj_fgb_\ZydbkehlZ1D&2 +2 1D+&2 1D2+1D6L2 +2 G6L2p 1D2+<hijhk KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc \ j_amevlZl_ dhlhjuo h[jZam_lkykl_dehZh[udgh\_ggh_[dZeb_\h_\ojmklZevgh_Hl\_lo 1D6L2 &2nZ1D&2 6L2 W&D&2 6L2 o &D6L2 &2nW1D6L2&D6L2 6L2 o 1D2 &D2 6L2Wo D6L2 &2n[D&2 6L2 Wo D2 &D2 6L2D6L2&D6L2 6L2 Wo D2 3E2 6L2\D6L2JE26L2 W<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbckh]eZkghko_fZfb Hl\_lKo_fZWoKHWoK G KGWo :KZAK: K 2K KZ o KZKKZK GH o KZHG KGKHGH l GKHWWoKG [GHW$O&O +2 o AKG :HG jZa[d±lZ&+ 2&22 o KHWo KHKHK KHba[1D2+o 1D+&2&20Jo 0J2&Wo K GKG 1D+&2 +&o 1D&OGH &2n1D+&2 1D2+o 1D&2+21D&2 &2+2o 1D+&2&21D2+o 1D&2 +21D&2+&Oo 1D&O+2&2nW+K22+ 62WGo +2&2nfmjZ\vbgZydbkehlZKo_fZWo6L2W6L2 0J o0J26L6LH1D6L2 &D6L2 6L2 o 1D2 &D2 6L21D&2 6L2 o 1D6L2 KHn1D6L2+&Oo +6L21D&O+6L2 o +26L26LDHGG2o D6L GAZ^ZqZ Kdhevdh ihlj_[m_lkyhdkb^Zdj_fgby,9kh^_j`Zs_]hfZkkh\u_^hebijbf_k_cqlh[uihemqblvd]kbebdZlZgZljby">ZghZijbf_k_c P1Z6L2 d]P6L2± "o d]6L2 1D&2d]d]o 1D6L2 KHnWd]0U1D6L2 0U6L2 o d] 6L2 ± d] 1D6L2d] 6L2 ± d] 1D6L2 P6L2 d]o Bs_ffZkkm6L2 k ijbf_kyfbd]6L2 ± o d]6LH ± P6L2k ijbf_kyfb d]o Hl\_ld]AZ^ZqZ Kdhevdhihlj_[m_lkykujvy^eyihemq_gbyl kl_deZ">ZghP1DH &D2 6L2 lP1D&2± "PKZKH± "P6L2± "o d][ d][ d]d]d] d] d]d]1ZKH KZKH 6L2 o 1D2 &D2 6L2FUkl_deZ FU1ZKH FUKZKH FU6LH o d]1ZKH ± d]kl_deZd]1ZKH ± d]kl_deZ [ d]P1ZKH d]o d]KZKH ± d]kl_deZd]KZKH ± d]kl_deZ [ d]PKZKH d]o d]6LH ± d]kl_deZd]6LH ± d]kl_deZ [ d]P6LH d]Hl\_l P1ZKH d]PKZKH d]P6LH d]=eZ\Z9,± klj± <hijhk ;jhf fh`ghihemqblvZ^_ckl\mygZjZkl\hj[jhfb^ZdZebyoehjghc\h^hc[ih^\_j]ZyjZkl\hj[jhfb^ZdZebywe_dljhebamQlhh[s_]h\ kmsghklbwlboijhp_kkh\b q_fhgbhlebqZxlky"Hl\_l.%U± &O o .&O%Un.%U± +2 o %U DHGGwe_dljhebaZgh^dZlh^Wlhhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_j_Zdpbbijbhdbke_gbbbhgh\<U±H^gZdh\ i_j\hfkemqZ_hdbkebl_e_fy\ey_lkyoehjZ \h\lhjhfkemqZ_± we_dljbq_kdbclhdgZZgh^_ ©ª<hijhk GZq_jlbl_ \ k\hbo l_ljZ^yo gb`_ijb\_^_ggmx lZ[ebpm b \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ]jZnZo gZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby ijZdlbq_kdb hkms_kl\bfuoj_ZdpbcmdZ`bl_mkeh\byboijhl_dZgbykfko_fmHl\_lJ_Z]bjm±MjZ\g_gbyijZdlbq_kdbhkms_kl\bfuoj_Zdpbcxsb_k f_lZeeZfb\_s_kl±1D&D=Q&X$J\ZH1D2 o &D2o =Q2o &X2o ±o 1D2o &D2o =Q2o &X21D+2 &D+2 =Q+2o±±G Ho 1D2+ o &D2+ =Q2+n+n+n3E1H 1D+2 &D+2o 3E12 ±±\ jZko1D2+ &D2+ =Qol\hj_=Q12+n+n3E1D+&O &D+& =Q+&O±±GKOo1D&O o &D&O o =Q&O +n+n+nJ_Z]bMjZ\g_gbyijZdlbq_kdbhkms_kl\bfuoj_Zdpbcjmxsb_k f_lZeeZfb\_s_kl\Z1D&D=Q&X$J+621D&D=Q62o &XG62 ±G62o G62o =Q62 o &X62 62 o 1D62 o &D62 +n+2+n+n<hijhk KieZ\`_e_aZihf_klbeb\ \h^mkh^_j`ZsmxZdbkehjh^[dbkehjh^ b hdkb^m]e_jh^Z,9< dZdhfkemqZ_dhjjhabykieZ\Z[m^_l ijhl_dZlvbgl_gkb\g__b ihq_fm"GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_lZ)H\aZbfh^_ckl\m_lk dbkehjh^hfb \h^hc)HGH H: )H2+)H2+GH H : )H2+[MjZ\g_gbyZbf_xlf_klhghlZd`_b^_lj_Zdpbyk G&H GH l +&2+&2 G l +&2±+&2± : G &2±)HG : )H +l_)H+&2 : )H&Hp G9Dhjjhaby[m^_lijhl_dZlvbgl_gkb\g__\ kemqZ_[<hijhk D dmkdm`_e_aZgZoh^ys_fmky\ jZkl\hj_kheyghcdbkehluijbdhkgmebkvpbgdh\hcijh\hehdhcIh\eby_lebwlhgZ kdhjhklvb oZjZdl_jobfbq_kdhcj_Zdpbb`_e_aZk dbkehlhc"Hl\_lPbgdZdlb\g__`_e_aZihwlhfm[m^_lb^lbj_Zdpby=Q +&O =Q&O +ijbwlhfjZkl\hj_gb_`_e_aZaZf_^eblkyAZ^ZqZ Ijb we_dljheba_ jZkl\hjZ oehjb^Z f_^b ,, fZkkZ dZlh^Z m\_ebqbeZkvgZ]DZdhc]Za\u^_ebekyb dZdh\u_]hfZkkZb h[t_fgm">ZghPdZlh^Z \hajhkeZgZ]P]ZaZ± "9]ZaZ± "&X&Oj±jwe_dljheba o KXKO 9]dZlh^]o]Zgh^]0U&X 0U&O ] &X± [] KO] &X± ] KO [ ]] KO± [e &X] KO± e &XP&O ][ e9&O eHl\_lP&O ]9&O eAZ^ZqZ Ijb we_dljheba_ \h^gh]h jZkl\hjZ gbljZlZ k_j_[jZ , \u^_ebehkve ]ZaZKdhevdh]jZffh\f_lZeeh\hleh`behkvgZdZlh^_">ZghF]ZaZ eP$J± "e H ± [] H$J12+2 o $J29+12we_dljheba[]]dZlh^Zgh^ ]0U$J ]e H ± ] H[ ]PH ] ] $J ± ] H[ o ]$J± ] &XHl\_lP$J ]]P$J ]AZ^ZqZ Ijbwe_dljheba_\h^gh]hjZkl\hjZoehjb^ZdZebyh[jZah\Zehkvd]]b^jhdkb^ZdZebyDZdb_]Zau\u^_ebebkvb dZdh\boh[t_fgm">ZghPDHG ]P]ZaZ± "9]ZaZ± "D&O GHwe_dljheba o DHGG KO]oeme ]0UDHG FZkkZfhevDHG± ]Z ±o fhev± ]agZqblgZfheyDHG\u^_ey_lkyihfhexG b &OBawlh]hfh`ghk^_eZlv\u\h^qlhh[t_fu]Zah\[m^mlh^bgZdh\ub jZ\gu9+ 9&O fhevÜ efhev eHl\_l9+ e9&O eAZ^ZqZ < jZkl\hjkh^_j`Zsbc] kmevnZlZf_^b,,ihf_klbeb] `_e_aguohibehdDZdb_\_s_kl\Zh[jZah\Zebkvb dZdh\ZbofZkkZ">ZghPKX62 ]P)H ]Ph[jZah\\±\Z± "] ]o]]]]m]&X62 )H: )H62 KX]0UKX62 0U)H62 0U)H 0UKX )H± \ g_^hklZld_KX62 ± \ ba[uld_^Zevg_crb_jZkq_lu\_^_fih`_e_am] )H± o ])H62] )H± ] )H62 ] P)H62 ]o ] )H± m ]KX] )H± ] &X ]P&X ]o Hl\_l P)H62 ]P&X ]AZ^ZqZ @_e_agmxieZklbgdmfZkkhc] ijh^he`bl_evgh_\j_fy\u^_j`b\Zeb\ jZkl\hj_kh^_j`Zs_f] kmevnZlZf_^b,,AZl_fieZklbgdmbajZkl\hjZ\ugmeb\ukmrbebb \a\_kbebQ_fmjZ\gZ__ fZkkZ">ZghP)H ]PKX62 ]PieZklbgu± "]]m]]]]o])H&X62 : )H62 KX]0U)H 0UKX 0UKX62 kfaZ^Zqm 0U)H62 ]KX62 ± \ g_^hklZld_JZkq_luijhba\h^bfihKX62] KX62± o ]&X] KX62± ] &X ]P&X ]o ] KX62± \] )H62] KX62± ] )H62o ]P)H62 ]0U )H 0U )H62 Z )H Z P)H62 ]< j_amevlZl_j_ZdpbbbajZkoh^h\Zehkv] )HFZkkZ`_e_aghcieZklbgdbihke_j_Zdpbb[m^_ljZ\gZPieZkl PieZkl ± P)HPKX ± ]Z )H Hl\_l PieZkl ]AZ^ZqZ DZdh\ZfZkkZhdkb^h\k\bgpZb heh\Zg_h[oh^bfZy^eyihemq_gby]ijbihykhklhys_]hbaheh\Zb k\bgpZ">ZghPijbihy± ]Z 6Q Z 3E P3E± "P6Q2± "o ]]]]3E2&: 3E&2nm ]]]]6Q2 &: 6QK2nP6Q ]0U3E2 0U6Q2 P3E ] [] 3E2 ± ] 3E] 3E2 ± ] 3E ] P3E2 ]o m ]6Q2± ] 6Q] 6Q2± ] 6Q ] P6Q2 ]o Hl\_l P3E2 ]P6Q2 ]=eZ\Z9,,klj± <hijhk DZdb_hdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_j_Zdpbbijhl_dZxlijb ihemq_gbb f_lZeebq_kdh]h dZeby Z we_dljhebahf jZkieZ\e_ggh]h oehjb^ZdZeby [ we_dljhebahf jZkieZ\e_ggh]h ]b^jhdkb^Z dZeby" Ihq_fm ^eywlhc p_eb g_evay ih^\_j]Zlv we_dljhebam \h^gu_ jZkl\hju wlbo \_s_kl\"Hl\_lwe_dljhebajZkieZ\ZDKO± o DKOndZlh^D _ : D\hkklZgh\e_gb_dZebyKO± H : &OZgh^hdbke_gb_oehjZwe_dljhebajZkieZ\ZD HG o DGHndZlh^D _ : D\hkklZgh\e_gb_dZebyH± ± H : HZgh^hdbke_gb_dbkehjh^ZG _ : GdZlh^\hkklZgh\e_gb_\h^hjh^Z<h^ZkZfZih^\_j]Z_lky]b^jhebamihwlhfmg_evaybkihevah\Zlv\h^gu_jZkl\hju±<hijhk :lhfudZdbowe_f_glh\y\eyxlky[he__kbevgufb\hkklZgh\bl_eyfb± s_ehqgu_ f_lZeeu beb \h^hjh^" KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc ih^l\_j`^Zxsbohl\_lHl\_l;he__ kbevgufb \hkklZgh\bl_eyfb y\eyxlky s_ehqgu_ f_lZeeuldhgb\hkklZgZ\eb\Zxl\h^hjh^g_lhevdhbadbkehlghb ba\h^u b ijb wlhf y\eyxlky \hkklZgh\bl_e_f Z \h^hjh^ hdbkebl_e_f1DGH+: 1D2++91DG: 1D+<hijhk Qlhh[s_]hb q_fhlebqZxlkyj_Zdpbbs_ehqguof_lZeeh\k \h^hcbk dbkehlZfb" KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gby khhl\_lkl\mxsbo j_Zdpbc b ihdZ`bl_i_j_oh^we_dljhgh\Hl\_lIjbj_Zdpbyos_ehqguof_lZeeh\k \h^hcb dbkehlZfbijhy\eyxlkyhdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Z\ h[hbokemqZyos_ehqghcf_lZee\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_l\h^hjh^1DGH : 1D2++91DGKO: 1D&O+9< j_amevlZl_j_Zdpbcs_ehqguof_lZeeh\k \h^hch[jZam_lky]b^jhdkb^b \h^hjh^Z kdbkehlZfb± khevb \h^hjh^<hijhk H[tykgbl_ijhp_kku\ j_al_dhlhjuobaoehjb^ZgZljbyihemqZxlZf_lZeebq_kdbcgZljbc[]b^jhdkb^gZljby\dZj[hgZlgZljbyKhklZ\vl_khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ko_fuwe_dljhebaZb mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_lZF_lZeebq_kdbcgZljbcwe_dljhebajZkieZ\Z1DKO± o 1DKO9KO± H : &OZgh^1D _ : 1DdZlh^[=b^jhdkb^gZljbyhdbke_gb_oehjZ\hkklZgh\e_gb_gZljbywe_dljhebajZkieZ\Z1D&O+2 o 1D2+ G9 &O9&O± ± H : &OZgh^hdbke_gb_oehjZ+ _ : +dZlh^\hkklZgh\e_gb_\h^hjh^Z\Ihemqblvbaoehjb^ZgZljbydZj[hgZlgZljbyfh`ghg_kdhevdbfbkihkh[ZfbIml_fwe_dljhebaZihemqblvgZljbcaZl_f1DH : 1D2i_jhdkb^gZljby1D2 KH : 1DKH H91DKOKH 1++H : 1D+&2; 1+KO1D+&2 : 1DKH KH9 +H<hijhk GZhkgh\ZgbbdZdbok\hckl\fh`ghk^_eZlv\u\h^qlhi_jhdkb^u±khebi_jhdkb^Z\h^hjh^Z"Hl\_l1DH +62 1D6H +2Wlhj_ZdpbyaZf_s_gbyk_jgZydbkehlZaZf_sZ_l[he__keZ[mxdbkehlm<hijhk Ijb\_^bl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbckhhl\_lkl\mxsb_ko_f_ij_\jZs_gbckfko_fmHl\_l1D2 : 1D21D2 &2 : 1D&2 291D&O : 1D&O1D&2: 1D2&29we_dljhebajZkieZ\Z1D&O o 1D&O91D+ : 1D+1D+2: 1D2++91DHG KX&O : &X2+; 1D&O&+± &+&22&+ ± 2+&+± &+&221D2+o &+± 2+&+± &+&22&+ ± 2+`bjbebwnbj]ebp_jbgZb kl_Zjbgh\hcdbkehlu]ebp_jbg1D&2G&O: 1DKO+2&291D&2&2 +2: 1D+&21D+&2 1D2+: 1D&2+2&+&21Dkl_ZjZl gZljbyhkgh\ZfueZAZ^ZqZ Kdhevdh ]jZffh\ jZkl\hjZ kh^_j`Zs_]h fZkkh\uo ^he_c beb]b^jhdkb^ZgZljbyihlj_[m_lky^eyg_cljZebaZpbb] jZkl\hjZkh^_j`Zs_]hfZkkh\uo^he_cbebk_jghcdbkehlu">ZghPj±jZ +62 ]Z +62 f^ Z 1D2+ f^ Pj±jZ1D2+± "o]] ]]1D2++62 : 1D62 +2P+62 Pj±jZ Z +62 ]0U1D2+ 0U+62 o ]1D2+± +62] 1D2+± +62 [ ]Pj±jZ1D2+ ]Hl\_lPj±jZ1D2+ ]AZ^ZqZ Ijb we_dljheba_ ] jZkl\hjZ kh^_j`Zs_]h fZkkh\uo ^he_cbeboehjb^ZgZljby\u^_ebehkve \h^hjh^ZgmKdhevdhoehjb^ZgZljbyjZaeh`behkv\ fZkkh\uo^heyobebijhp_glZob kdhevdh]jZffh\]b^jhdkb^ZgZljbyh[jZah\Zehkv">ZghPj±jZ1D&O ]Z 1D&O f^ 9+ e gmP1D2+± "Z 1D&O± "o ]] \ j±j_m]e]1DKO+2 o 1D2++n &On ]we_dljheba ]]P1D&O Pj±jZ Z ]0U1D&O 0U1D2+ 0U+ e + ± o ]+ e + ± ] +[ ]o ]1D&O± ] G ] 1D&O± ] G[ ]P1D&O ] ± klhevdh1D&OjZaeh`behkv\ j_amevlZl_]b^jhebaZ bebZ1D&O m ]1D2+± ] G] 1D2+± ] G ]m P1D&O ]Hl\_l P1D&O ] Z1D&O bebAZ^ZqZ DZdZy khev b kdhevdh __ ihemqblky _keb q_j_a fe jZkl\hjZ kh^_j`Zs_]h fZkkh\uo ^he_c beb ]b^jhdkb^Z dZeby U ]kf ijhimklbeb \_kv hdkb^ m]e_jh^Z ,9 dhlhjuc h[jZam_lky ijbk`b]Zgbbe f_lZgZgm">Zgh9j±jZDHG kffeZ DHG UDH+ ]kf9&+ e gmee]]] ]0UKH e K+ ± o ]KHe K+ ± ] KH [ ]Pkheb± "]o]KG H : K2 +HDHGKH : DGKHPj±jZ 9 U kf ]kf ]PDHG Pj±jZ Z ]0UDHG ] D2+± o ]KH ] D2+± ] KH] P&Ho M gZk^Zgh± ] KHagZqbl&2 ^_ckl\m_l\ ba[uld_JZkq_lu[m^_fijhba\h^blvihDHGFUDGKH ] D2+± o ]DGKH] D2+± ] DGKH ]PDGKH ]o Hl\_lPDGKH ]AZ^ZqZ < dZdbo fZkkh\uo hlghr_gbyo g_h[oh^bfh kf_rZlv ]b^jhdkb^ gZljbyb \h^mqlh[uihemqblvjZkl\hj\ dhlhjhfgZdZ`^u_fhe_dme\h^uijboh^beZkv[uh^gZfhe_dmeZ]b^jhdkb^ZgZljby"< jZkl\hj_gZfhev\h^u^he`ghijboh^blvkyfhev1D2+FGH ]fhevFZkkZfhevGH ]fhev fhev ]01D2+ ]fhev fhev G H fhev 1D2+ ] G H ] 1D2+Hl\_lGH 1D2+ ] G H ] 1D2+± klj± <hijhk GZ hkgh\_ i_jbh^bq_kdhc kbkl_fu b l_hjbb kljh_gby Zlhfh\ ihykgbl_ dZdb_ k\hckl\Z fZ]gby b dZevpby y\eyxlky h[sbfb KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_ZdpbcHl\_l0Jb KZgZoh^ylky\ h^ghc,,]jmii_\ k\yabk wlbfgZihke_^g_f we_dljhgghf mjh\g_ m gbo ^\Z k\h[h^guo we_dljhgZ b hgbijhy\eyxl lbibqgh f_lZeebq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z b \ j_Zdpbyo \uklmiZxl\ dZq_kl\_\hkklZgh\bl_e_ckl_i_gvhdbke_gby0J& : FJ&O&D & : &D&OH±0J +&: FJ&O +9H±0J+2: FJ2+ +9H±&D+&: &D&O +9H±&D+2: &D2+ +9H±H±0J 2 : FJ2&D 2 : &D2H±H±GZ\ha^mo_ih\_joghklvfZ]gbyihdju\Z_lkyie_gdhcihwlhfm\hlebqb_hldZevpby_]hfh`ghojZgblvgZ\ha^mo_<hijhk DZd hlebqblv h^bg hl ^jm]h]h ke_^mxsb_ ijbjh^gu_ fbg_jZeu ba\_klgyd]bikb nhknhjbl"KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_lKZKH +62 : KZ62 GH KH n[_eucfbg_jZeIjhbkoh^bl\u^_e_gb_]ZaZKZJH $J1H : $J32; &D12nhknhjbl<uiZ^Z_l`_eluchkZ^hdKZ6H GH G2: >&D62 GH@?kebkf_rb\ZlvihjhrhdZe_[ZkljZ`_elh]h]bikZk \h^hcihemqZ_lkyihem`b^dZyieZklbq_kdZy[ukljhl\_j^_xsZyfZkkZ<hijhk DZdbadZj[hgZlZdZevpbyfh`ghihemqblvf_lZeebq_kdbcdZevpbc">eyobfbq_kdboij_\jZs_gbcgZibrbl_khhl\_lkl\mxsb_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_lKZKH +&: &D&O GH &2n ± ^Ze__\uiZjb\Z_f&D&OZgh^dZlh^we_dljhebajZkieZ\Zo KZ &On&O± ± H : &OKZ _ : KZhdbke_gb_oehjZ\hkklZgh\e_gb_dZevpby<hijhk Ih^ \ha^_ckl\b_f hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u f_lZeebq_kdbc dZevpbc ij_\jZsZ_lky\ dZj[hgZldZevpbyKhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_ZdpbcHl\_l&DH KZHKZHKH KZKH&DGH KZHG G9KZHG KH KZKH GH<hijhk DZdb_ ij_\jZs_gby ijhbkoh^yl k ]Zr_ghc ba\_klvx ijb bkihevah\Zgbb__ \kljhbl_evkl\_"GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcHl\_lH[jZam_lky dZj[hgZl dZevpby ih^ ^_ckl\b_f KH \ha^moZ hgaZl\_j^_\Z_lKZHG KH : KZKH; GH<hijhk GZq_jlbl_ \ k\hbo l_ljZ^yo ke_^mxsmx lZ[ebpm b aZihegbl_ __mjZ\g_gbyfbkhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_ZdpbcHl\_lJ_Zdlb\KHKZHKHKZHObfbq_kdb_k\hckl\ZWoKZKHKZHGKH KZHG :KZKH; GHJ_Zdlb\1 H GKO&D21HKZHObfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zo &D12WKZH+&: &D&O GHGJH AKZHGJH :KZJH; AGHKZHG1H KZHG :&D12 G2KZHG +&:&D&O G2AKZHG GJ2 :KZ J2 G2<hijhk DZj[hgZl dZevpby \ \h^_ ijZdlbq_kdb g_jZkl\hjbfH^gZdhba\_klgydb\ufu\Zxlky\h^hcQ_fwlhfh`ghh[tykgblv"KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_ZdpbcHl\_lIjb\aZbfh^_ckl\bbk \h^hcb hdkb^hfm]e_jh^Z,9ba\_klgydhq_gv f_^e_ggh ij_\jZsZ_lky \ jZkl\hjbfuc ]b^jhdZj[hgZl dhlhjucb \ufu\Z_lky\h^hcKZKH GH KH : KZGKH<hijhk Ihq_fm`_kldmx\h^mg_evaymihlj_[eylv^eyhoeZ`^_gby^\b]Zl_e_cfZrbg"Hl\_lih^l\_j^bl_mjZ\g_gb_fj_ZdpbbHl\_lIjb gZ]j_\Zgbb ]b^jhdZj[hgZlh\ dZevpby b fZ]gby gZoh^ysboky \ `_kldhc \h^_ hgb i_j_oh^yl \ g_jZkl\hjbfh_ khklhygb_dZj[hgZluaZkhjyydZgZeujZ^bZlhjZh[jZam_lkygZdbivWoKZKH; +H &29WFJGKH o FJKH; GHKH9KZGKH<hijhk DZdh\u hkgh\gu_ kihkh[u mkljZg_gby `_kldhklb \h^u" GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_ZdpbcHl\_lIjb ^h[Z\e_gbb ibs_\hc kh^u ± dZj[hgZlZ gZljby 1D&2dZj[hgZlufZ]gbyb dZevpby\uiZ^Zxl\ hkZ^hdKZGKH1D&2 1DGKH KZKHFJ62 1D&2 1D62 FJ&2<hijhk KhklZ\vl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcd ko_f_Hl\_l&D2 o &D2&D+ o &D+&D2&o &D& &2n&D& +2 o &D2+ &+nW&D& o &D&&D+&Oo &D&O + n&D2+&Oo &D&O +2&D2+2o &D2+&D2+ &2 o &D&2 +2W &D&2 o &D2&2n&D2+2o &D2+ &D&2 &2 +2o &D+&2WWo&D&2 p +2&2nW &D&2 o &2&2nW &D2&2 o&D&2 &D+&2 &D2+ +62 o &D62 +2AZ^ZqZ IjbijhdZeb\Zgbbd]qbklh]hdZj[hgZlZdZevpby_]hfZkkZmf_gvrbeZkvgZd]<uqbkebl_kdhevdhijhp_glh\dZj[hgZlZdZevpbyjZaeh`behkv">ZghP&D&2 d]fZkkZmf_gvrbeZkvgZd]kdhevdh&D&2 jZaeh`± "PjZae&D&2 d]Z &D&2jZae Hl\_lZ &D&2 jZae &D&2 o &D2&2 n0U &2 0U&D&2 [d] &D&2 ± d] &2d] &D&2 ± d] &2 [ d]AZ^ZqZ ] f_lZeeZkhkl_i_gvxhdbke_gbyijhj_Z]bjh\Zebk \h^hcb \u^_ebehkv e \h^hjh^Z gm Hij_^_ebl_ hlghkbl_evgmx ZlhfgmxfZkkmf_lZeeZb gZah\bl__]h>ZghP0H ] 9+ egm0U0H± "Hl\_l&D$U&D 0H+2o 0H2+ + n] 0H± e +[] 0H± ] + [ ] $U 0HAZ^ZqZ Bal ba\_klgydZkh^_j`Zs_]hfZkkh\uo^he_cbebijbf_kb ihemqbeb l ]b^jhdkb^Z dZevpby Kdhevdh fZkkh\uo ^he_c bebijhp_glh\wlhkhklZ\ey_lih kjZ\g_gbxk l_hj_lbq_kdbf\uoh^hf"&D&2 o &D2&2n&D2+2o &D2+beb &D&2o &D2+Pijbf l u lP&D&2 Pba\_klgydZ±± Pijbf ± l0U &D&2 u 0U&D2+ u >ZghP&D&2 lZijbf_k_c f^bebP>&D2+ ijZdlbq @ lK >&D2+ hll_hj@ ± "L_hj_lbq_kdbc\uoh^&D2+l &D&2 ± [l &D2+l &D&2 ± l &D2+ [ lP&D2+ l_hj lP §¨ &D 2+©K&D2+hll_hj P &D 2+ ijZdll_hj ·¹̧ Hl\_lK&D2+ hll_hj bebAZ^ZqZ H[jZa_p`_kldhc\h^ukh^_j`blf]e ]b^jhdZj[hgZlZdZevpbyb f]e kmevnZlZ dZevpby Kdhevdh dZj[hgZlZ gZljby ihlj_[m_lky ^eymfy]q_gbyf lZdhc\h^u">Zgh\ `_kldhc\h^_&D+&2 ± f]e&D62 ± f]e9+2 f eP1D&2± "]o]]]&D+&2 1D&2 : &D&2 ; 1D+&2]\]]]KD62 1D&2 : &D&2 ; 1D62MagZ_fdhebq_kl\hihfZkk_khe_c\ f \h^ue +2± ] &D+&2e +2± o ] &D+&2 [][ e +2± ] &D62e +2± [ ] &D62[][ 0U&D+&2 0U1D&2 0U&D62 <uqbkey_ffZkkmkh^ug_h[oh^bfhc^eykfy]q_gby\h^u] &D+&2 ± [] 1D&2] &D+&2 ± ] 1D&2 o][ ] &D62 ± [] 1D&2] &D62 ± ] 1D&2 [][ P1D&2 ]Hl\_lP1D&2 ]klj<hijhk >ey ihemq_gby Zexfbgby ba $O&O \ dZq_kl\_ \hkklZgh\bl_ey fh`ghbkihevah\Zlvf_lZeebq_kdbcdZevpbcHoZjZdl_jbamcl_wlhlijhp_kkbkhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gb_ j_Zdpbb ihdZ`bl_ i_j_oh^ we_dljhgh\ Ihq_fmwlmj_Zdpbxg_evayijh\h^blv\ \h^ghfjZkl\hj_"Hl\_l$O&O &Do $O &D&OH±J_Zdpbxg_evayijh\h^blv\ \h^_ld&D[m^_lj_Z]bjh\Zlvk g_c<hijhk KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc \ dhlhjuo Zexfbgbc \hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lZ]Zeh]_gu[`_e_ah\bhgu\h^hjh^Z]k_jm^dbkehjh^IhdZ`bl_i_j_oh^we_dljhgh\Hl\_l$O&O o $O&O±H±\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky$O ± Ho$O+Ho +\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lkyH±$O ± Ho $O6 Ho 6±\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky$O± Ho$OKO Ho&O±$O )H2)H2 )H2o $O2 )HH±$O ± Ho$O)H Ho )H)H Ho )H$O +&O± o $O&O +nH±$O 6 o $O6±$O 2 o $O2±H±$O ± Ho $O2 Ho 2±<hijhk KhklZ\vl_ mjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb\ dhlhjhcZexfbgbc \hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lbhgu f_^b \ \h^ghf jZkl\hj_j_ IhdZ`bl_ i_j_oh^ we_dljhgh\ b mdZ`bl_hdbkebl_evHl\_l$O&X&O o $O&O &XH±$O ± Ho $O&XHo &X\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky<hijhk Fh]ml eb [ulv hdbkebl_eyfb Z Zlhfu Zexfbgby [ bhgu Zexfbgby"Hl\_lih^l\_j^bl_mjZ\g_gbyfbj_ZdpbcHl\_lZ:lhfuZexfbgbyg_fh]ml[ulvhdbkebl_eyfbb ijbgbfZlvwe_dljhgu$O6o$O6±H±$O ± Ho $O6 Ho 6±\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky\hkklZgh\bl_evhdbkey_lkyhdbkebl_ev\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky[BhguZexfbgbyfh]ml[ulvhdbkebl_eyfb\ j_Zdpbbk kbevguf\hkklZgh\bl_e_f$O&O .o $O .&OH±.
Характеристики
Тип файла PDF
PDF-формат наиболее широко используется для просмотра любого типа файлов на любом устройстве. В него можно сохранить документ, таблицы, презентацию, текст, чертежи, вычисления, графики и всё остальное, что можно показать на экране любого устройства. Именно его лучше всего использовать для печати.
Например, если Вам нужно распечатать чертёж из автокада, Вы сохраните чертёж на флешку, но будет ли автокад в пункте печати? А если будет, то нужная версия с нужными библиотеками? Именно для этого и нужен формат PDF - в нём точно будет показано верно вне зависимости от того, в какой программе создали PDF-файл и есть ли нужная программа для его просмотра.