1610915402-f55d6b0cb3225dfdc9a5fc96c4bf0e69 (824758), страница 4
Текст из файла (страница 4)
ρ )[Q \ Q′ [Q\ Q″ ∈8εQ . ρ )[Q\ Q″ QQ``tÐÇÄÆÓËÍÕÔÈÐÒÈÎÝrÐÍÍÃÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ> \ Q′ \ Q″ @ÑÒÃÎÐÌ[ [QÏÄÌÇÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±Ä\QÔıÄÃÙÔÐ)\[Q\Q `ÑÒË ßÔÐÎ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ [Q \Q∈8εQ . ρ ÑÐ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÓÎQÎÝËÎÈÍËÈÛÈ)\[\ qÐÖÐÒÎÕÍȱÐÏÈÙÏÝ×ÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÌÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏÏÐ̱ÖÕϱØËË)\[\)\[Q\Q´)\[\ )\[ξQηQ[Q´[)\\ξQηQ\Q´\`ξQηQ∈8εQ . ρ QÐÔ±ÕÇÄÆÓËÍÕË\ µ\[Q µ [Q WJ ϕ NOLP Q)[\ξQηQ)\\ξQηQ qÕÓÔÞ [Q \Q UQ ψQ pÙÈÆËÇÏÐ _ψQ ´ ϕ_ εQ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÊÕÓÍÐÆËÃεQ{ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐψQ{ϕÑÒËQ{ËÔı±Ä±\ µ\[Q µ [Q ÔÐWJ ψQ \ µ\Q → [Q µ [qÈÒÈ×ÐÇà ± ÑÒÈÇÈÍÕ Æ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈ ÑÒË Q { Æ ÓËÍÕËÎÈÈÎ ) N ) [\\\ Ô È)) \\[\N ´ ÑÐÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÃßÔÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËȱÐÒÏÃÆÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ) ´ ) ) [[\\[\ÙÔÐÑÒÐÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÔÕÓÍÐÆËàjÔıÖÕϱØËÃ\ I[ÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒËÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÎÄÍÝ×εËρdÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎÅÕÇÈÎÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÙÔÐεËρÆÝÅÒÄÏÝËÎÈÏÏÐÔıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎfÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎ ÖÕϱØËà I Æ ÔÐÙ±È [ ÑÐÍÐÉËÆ \ I[pÙÈÆËÇÏÐÑÐÓÄÎÐÎÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàÖÕϱØËËI[ËÎÈÈÎ)[I[ [P[P[ρ FRV ϕεqбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐÆÔÐÙ±È[ÕÖÕϱØËËI[ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÑÒÄÆÐÓÔÐÒÐÏÏÃà ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÄÃ Ë ÙÔÐ ÐÏÄ ÒÄÆÏÄ N qÕÓÔÞ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÐε!jÊËÊÍÐÉÈÏÏÐÐÆÝÚÈÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈ ÔıÐÐ ρ ρε ! ÙÔÐ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÄà ÙÄÓÔÞ ÒÄÖ˱ÄÖÕϱØËËI[ØÈÍ˱ÐÎÍÈÉËÔÆ8ε .ρ``[I[∈8ε .ρ[P[P[ρ FRV ϕε dÐÊÞÎÈÎδ ρ FRV ϕεËÑÕÓÔÞ[ÔıÐÆÐÙÔÐ [´[ δ\ I[Ë[\ UϕdÓËÍÕËÎÈÈÎ_ϕ´ϕ_ εÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐOLP[ → [ ϕ ϕËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ\µ\[ µ [OLP[ → [ WJ ϕ WJ ϕqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕWJ ϕ ËÊÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐOLP[ → [ I [ µ I [ \µ\ OLP WJ ϕ[ → [ [ µ [ [ µ [Ô ÈÕÖÕϱØËËI[ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÄÃÓÑÒÄÆÄÆÔÐÙ±È[ÒÄÆÏÄÃWJ ϕ NqÐÇÐÅÏÝÎ ÉÈ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ËÊ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËà ÑÐÆÈÇÈÏËà ÖÕϱØËË)[\ÆÕÍÈ 8 ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÙÔÐÑÒËÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎδ′!ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >[ ´ δ′ [@ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÖÕϱØËà I[ ÔıÄà ÙÔÐÑÒË[´δ′P[ [)[I[ [I[∈8 ËI[ \I ′ [ NÑÐÇ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÐÌ ÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÑÐÏËÎÄÈÔÓÃÍÈÆÐÓÔÐÒÐÏÏÃÃÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÄÃgÓÍËÙËÓÍÐρÆÊÃÔÞÓÔÐÍÞÎÄÍÝÎÙÔÐÅÝƱÒÕÐÆÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÒÄÇËÕÓÄρÔÐÙ±Ë[\ÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÍÐÓÞÇÒÕË×ÐÓÐÅÝ×ÔÐÙȱ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ±ÒÐÎÈ [ \ ÔÐ ÖÕϱØËà I[ ÅÕÇÈÔÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌËÆÐÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×[ [ÔÐÓÒÄÊÕÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÌÆÝÚÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÐÏÈÃÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÃ×ÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ ÆÑ dÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÈÎÝËÑÐÍÕÙËÍËÖÕϱØËàI[ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÕàÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ËÐÅÍÄÇÄàÛÕàÆÓÈÎËÔÒÈÅÕÈÎÝÎËÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎËbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈ ÖÕϱØËË I[ÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃàÛÈÌÓÃÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃËÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛÈÌ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÑÒËÙÈÎ ÒÄÖ˱ ßÔÐÌ ÖÕϱØËËÑÒÐ×ÐÇËÔÆÕÍÄ×8Ë8 ËÙÈÒÈÊÔÐÙ±Õ[\ Ä ) ÔÐ ÆÓÈ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËà ÑÒÐÆÐÇÃÔÓÃgÓÍË ) \\[[ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÔÐÍÞ±ÐÑÐÎÈÏÃÔÞÎÈÓÔÄÎËÒÐÍÞÐÓÈÌ2[Ë2\ÔıÙÔÐÆÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÈÑÐÍÕÙËÎÒÈÚÈÏËÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÆÆËÇÈÖÕϱØËÌÐÔÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌ\ I\ËI\ ) ËÊÏÄÙËÔ ) ÔÐÑÒÐÛÈÆÓÈgÓÍËÏıÐÏÈØ) [[\\[\ÐÆÝÑÐÍÏËÔÞÊÄÎÈÏÕÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[ ξη\ ξ´ηÑÐÆÈÒÏÕÔÞÐÓ˱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄÕÐÍπtÐÇııÍȱÐÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇ ´ ) ) ) ÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÎ ) ξξ[\ηηξηÔ ÈÆÏÐÆÐ̱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÈÑÐÍÕÙËÎÕÉÈËÊÕÙÈÏÏÝÌÓÍÕÙÄÌdÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÇÍÃÕÍÐÆÝ×±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐƱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝ× Æ ÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È Æ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÈ ξ η ËÎÈÈÔÆËÇN´ ËÊÏÄÙËÔN ¥jÏÄÙÈÐÆÐÒÃÅËÓÓȱÔÒËÓݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÕÍÐÆÃÆÍÃàÛËÈÓñÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎËÐÓÃÎËÆÓÔÄÒÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ [ \ ÓÕÔÞ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÈ ± ÒÄÖ˱ÄÎ ÇÆÕ×ÖÕϱØË̱ÐÔÐÒÝÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ËgÓÍËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ)[\ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÃÆÏÝÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ±Ä±ÐÌÍËÅÐ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÔÐ Æ ÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È [ \ ßÔÐÐ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËñÒËÆÄÃÎÐÉÈÔ×ÐÔÃËÏÈÐÅÃÊÄÏÄËÎÈÔޱıËÈÍËÅÐÐÓÐÅÈÏÏÐÓÔËÔ ÈÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ËßÔÐÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËñÒËÆÄÃÆÐÐÅÛÈÐÆÐÒÃÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÖ˱ÐÎÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÍÄDZÐÌÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÌÖÕϱØËËsÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÏÄÑÐÎÏËÔÞ ÔıÉÈ ÙÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÔÐÙȱ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔݱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËàÆÐÐÅÛÈÐÆÐÒÃÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆÓÈÇıÒËÆÐÌÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÇÄÏÏÐÐÒÄÏÈÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËñÒËÆÐÌÓÎÑ ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÐÌÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈӱ˱ Ò Ê Î Ç Ò Ý qÕÓÔÞ ÇÄÏÐ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ \[ \ iÇÈÓÞ)[\ \[\ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ)[ [\)\ [\\\uÓÍÐÆËÃÏÄÍËÙËÃÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ËËÇÄàÔÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ[ \ tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà pÇÏıРÆßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ±ÒËÆÄà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÎÄà ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ ÏÈ ËÎÈÈÔ ÐÓÐÅÈÏÏÐÓÔËÔı±Ä±ÐÏÐÎÏÐÉËÔÈÍÞ[\ÏËÇÈÏÈÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà\ ËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÄñÒËÆÄÃÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÖ˱ÐÎÃÆÏÐÌÖÕϱØËË\ I[pÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔбıÍȱÐÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÆÔÐÙ±È )[[ )\\´ ) [\ fÍÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃ[\[\´ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÑÒÈÆÒÄÛÄàÔÓÃÆÓÍÈÇÕàÛÕàÓËÓÔÈÎÕÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ[[\´[ \[\´\ sÍÐÉËÆËÆÝÙÔÃßÔËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÑÐÍÕÙËÎÓËÓÔÈÎÕ[\[\´ [´\[\´ pÔÓàÇÄÍËÅÐ[ \ ÍËÅÐ[\´ ÐÇÏıÐÔÐÙ±Ä[\±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÏÈÎÕ ÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËàÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÒÏÈÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ÇÍÃÏÈÈ[\ ËÊÏÄÙËÔÏËÐÇËÏËÊÓÐÎÏÐÉËÔÈÍÈÌÍÈÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÏÈÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞ tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÌÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃmȱРÑÒÐÆÈÒËÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÊÇÈÓÞ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓà ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ ËÊÏÄÙËÔ ÔÐÙ±Ä ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ËÊÐÍËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎ ±ÐÒÏÈÎ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà eÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ±Ä± ßÔÐ ÓÒÄÊÕ ÆËÇÏÐ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÊÄÇÄÈÔ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÕà бÒÕÉÏÐÓÔÞ Ë ÈÈ ØÈÏÔÒ ßÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÏÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÈÎ Ï˱ıÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÑ fÍÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃ[\´D[\ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÏÄÍËÙËà ÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÑÒËÆÐÇÃÔ ± ÓËÓÔÈÎÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ[´D\ \´D[ ÐÔ±ÕÇÄ ÍËÅÐ [ \ Ë ßÔÄ ÔÐÙ±Ä ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËàÍËÅÐ[ D\ DÏбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÏÈÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃsÏÐÆÄÊÇÈÓÞ µÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÄÃÐÓÐÅÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄoÈÔÒÕÇÏÐÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃÙÔÐÑÒËßÔÐÎÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆËÃËÊÏÄÙËÔÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÇÆÐÌÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌeÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÇÍà ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÏÈÃÆÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÐÏÄÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓëÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÍËÓÔ¬ËÎÝÓÏÈÌÕÉÈÆÓÔÒÈÙÄÍËÓÞÆÑ ÔÐÙ±ÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÔÅÏÑÒÉÓÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÄÓÎÒËÓ ÆÑÈÒÆÐÎÔÐÎÈ fÍÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃ\´[ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÆÏÈÌÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÕÉÈÕÓÍÐÆËÈËÔÈÎÓÄÎÝÎÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÏÈÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆËÃÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ eÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ±ÒËÆÄà ÆÝÒÄÉÄÈÎÄà ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ Ë ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÄà ÑÐÍÕ±ÕÅËÙÈÓ±ÐÌ ÑÄÒÄÅÐÍÐÌ \ ¥[ËÎÈÈÔÆÔÐٱȱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàËÒÄÓÑÐÍÐÉÈÏÄÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÑÐÐÇÏÕÓÔÐÒÐÏÕÐÔÏÐÒÎÄÍËtÐÙ±ËÔıÐÐÔËÑÄÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃÕÑÚ²ÅÏÌÇÑËÇÓÅÕÅÒËÓ fÍÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃ\´[ ÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌËÓÏÐÆÄÊÇÈÓÞÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆËÈuÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÒÄÓÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÃÏÄÇÆÄÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃ\ [Ë\ ´[±ÐÔÐÒÝÈÊÄÇÄàÔÇÆÈÑÄÒÄÅÐÍÝËÎÈàÛËÈÆÔÐÙ±ÈÐÅÛÕà±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàpÓÐÅÝÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÊÄÇÄÈÔ ÇÆÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÈ ±ÒËÆÝÈËÎÈàÛËÈÆÔÐÙ±È[\ÐÅÛÕà±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃÕÑÚ²ÅÏÌÔÅÏÑÒÓ̲ÑÔÐÑÇÉÐÌÄÒËÓ ßÔË×ÇÆÕ×±ÒËÆÝ×nÐÉÈÔ ÓÍÕÙËÔÞÓà ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËË ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÐÓÐÅÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä Ð±ÄÉÈÔÓà ËÊÐÍËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎ ÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃËÍËÈÐÇÆÐÌÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌ\\[rËÓ[rËÓd ÊıÍàÙÈÏËÈ ÇÄÇËÎ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÑÐÃÓÏÈÏËà ± ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËàgÓÍË[\ µÐÓÐÅÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÔÐÑÐÓÍÈ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐÐ ÑÈÒÈÏÐÓÄ ÏÄÙÄÍÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ Æ ÔÐÙ±Õ [ \ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÑÒËÎÈÔÆËÇ [ ) [\ ) \R[\ ) [[[\\\ÊÇÈÓÞÙÈÒÈÊ[Ë\ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝÔÐÙ±ËÆÏÐÆÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄËÏÇȱÓÐÎÏÄÆÈÒ×ÕÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏÝÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÙÄÓÔÏÝ×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÆÔÐÙ±ÈßÔÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÐÔ±ÕÇÄÓÔÐÙÏÐÓÔÞà ÇÐ ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÎÄÍÝ× ÅÐÍÈÈ ÆÝÓбÐÐ ÑÐÒÃÇ±Ä ÏÄÚÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎÐÉÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ [ ) [\ ) \ ) [[[\\\dÓÍÕÙÄÈÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÃÕÓÍÐÆËÃÍÈÆÄÃÙÄÓÔÞÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÒÄÓÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÃÏÄÇÆÄÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÝ×ÎÏÐÉËÔÈÍñÄÉÇÝÌËʱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÑÒËÒÄÆÏÈÏÏÝÌÏÕÍàËÇÄÈÔ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝȱÇÆÕÎÆÈÔÆÃαÒËÆÐÌÆÔÐÙ±ÈÓÎdÓÍÕÙÄÈÉÈÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÃÕÓÍÐÆËà ÍÈÆÄà ÙÄÓÔÞ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ÒÄÓÑÄÇÄÈÔÓà ÏÄÇÆıÐÎÑÍȱÓÏÝ×ÎÏÐÉËÔÈÍë±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÈÎÏËÎݬÔÐÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÔı±Ä±ÊÇÈÓÞÐÆÐÒËÔÞбÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÏÈËÎÈÈÔÓÎÝÓÍÄËÅÐÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÐÓÐÅÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÊÐÍËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌÔÐÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈÐÓÐÅÈÏÏÐÕÇÐÅÏÐËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃ×ÄÒıÔÈÒÄÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÆÓÍÕÙÄÈÄÍÈÅÒÄËÙÈÓ±Ð̱ÒËÆÐÌÔ È±ÒËÆÐÌÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ3[\ ÇÈ3[\ µÎÏÐÐÙÍÈÏÐÔÇÆÕ×ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[Ë\gÓÍË µÐÓÐÅÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ßÔÐÐ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ÔÐ ËÊ ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ Ë ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐßÔÐÔÎÏÐÐÙÍÈÏÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÏËÓÆÐÅÐÇÏÐÐÙÍÈÏÄÏËÙÍÈÏÐÆÑÈÒÆÐÐÑÐÒÃDZÄÔ ÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈËÎÈÈÔÆËÇD[E[\F\4[\ ÇÈ4[\ µÎÏÐÐÙÍÈÏÆÓÈÙÍÈÏݱÐÔÐÒÐÐÑбÒÄÌÏÈÌÎÈÒÈÔÒÈÔÞÈÐÑÐÒÃDZÄwÄÒıÔÈÒÑÐÆÈÇÈÏËÃÒÈÚÈÏËÌßÔÐÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÆÅÍËÊËÏÕÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÈÐÍÄÆÏÐÌÙÄÓÔÞàÔ ÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎD[E[\F\ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ ÇÍà ÇÄÏÏÐÐ ÓÍÕÙÄà E ) ËF ) ËÅбıÍȱÐÆËÇÈÔÞÊÇÈÓÞD ) [[[\\\gÓÍËÉÈÔÐÙ±ÄÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËàÏÐÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ$[%\5[\ $%!ÇÈ 5[ \ µ ÎÏÐÐÙÍÈÏ ÆÓÈ ÙÍÈÏÝ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ËÎÈàÔ ÑÐÒÃÇбÏÈ ÏËÉÈ ÆÔÐÒÐÐ jÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ Ð ÏÈÃÆÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÃ× ÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ ÆÑ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ$[%\ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ Æ ÔÐÙ±È ±ÒÄÖ˱ÕÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÒÈÚÈÏËÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ©ÂÎÇÏÂÑÇÒÇÎÇÏÏÝ×yÄÓÔÐ Æ ÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝ× ÆÐÑÒÐÓÄ× ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±ÐÐ ÄÏÄÍËÊÄ Ë Æ ÈÐÑÒËÍÐÉÈÏËÃ× ÑÒË ËÊÕÙÈÏËË ÔÐÌ ËÍË ËÏÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÈ̱ıËÈÍËÅÐÖÕϱØËËËË×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈÐÅݱÏÐÆÈÏÏÝÈËÍËÙÄÓÔÏÝÈ Ð±ÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ØÈÍÈÓÐÐÅÒÄÊÏÝÎ ÑÈÒÈÌÔË ± ÇÒÕËÎ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÎÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝÎÄËÏÐÇÄ˱ÇÒÕËÎÖÕϱØËÃαÐÔÐÒÝÈÓÆÃÊÄÏÝ Ó ÖÕϱØËÃÎË Æ×ÐÇÃÛËÎË Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÕà ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÎËÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÃÎËdÓÈßÔËÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃÇÈÍÄàÔÓÃÏÄÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËËÑÒÄÆËÍÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÓÍÐÉÏÝ×ËÏÈÃÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÏÈÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÐÑÒËÎÈÒÐÆ∂X ∂X ËqÕÓÔÞX X[\qÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÎÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËà ∂\ ∂[ ∂X∂Y ±ÑÐÍÃÒÏÝαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎUËϕqÈÒÆÐÈËÊßÔË×ÆÝÒÄ∂[∂\ÉÈÏËÌ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔÐÎ ÇÍËÏÝ ÒÄÇËÈÏÔÄ ∇X ÖÕϱØËË XÔ ÈÒÄÆÏÐ_∇X_ÄÆÔÐÒÐÈËÎÈÈÔÓÑÈØËÄÍÞÏÐÈÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ∆X∂X ∂X _∆X_ ∂\ ∂[ ∆XGHI ∂ X∂ X ∂[∂\sËÎÆÐÍ∆Õ±ÄÊÝÆÄàÛËÌÏÄÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏËȱÖÕϱØËËXÐÑÈÒÄØËËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÐÑÈÒÄÔÐÒÐÎmÄÑÍÄÓÄjÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÓÆÃÊÝÆÄàÛË×ÇȱÄÒÔÐÆݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝÓÑÐÍÃÒÏÝÎË[ U FRV ϕ\ U VLQ ϕq mÄÑÍÄÓµ µÖÒÄÏØÕÊÓ±ËÌÎÈ×ÄÏ˱ËÎÄÔÈÎÄÔ˱ÏÄ×ÐÇËÎ∂[ FRV ϕ∂U∂[ ´U VLQ ϕ∂ϕ∂\ VLQ ϕ∂U∂\ U FRV ϕ ∂ϕqÒËÎÈÏËÎ ± ÖÕϱØËË X[ \ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÓÍÐÉÏÐÌÖÕϱØËË∂X∂X ∂X ∂[ ∂X ∂\ ∂X FRV ϕ VLQ ϕ∂\ ∂U∂\∂[ ∂U∂[∂U∂X ∂X ∂[ ∂X ∂\∂X∂X ´ U VLQ ϕ U FRV ϕ∂[∂ϕ ∂[ ∂ϕ ∂\ ∂ϕ∂\rÄÊÒÈÚËÎßÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ∂X Ë ∂X∂\∂[∂X VLQ ϕ∂X∂X FRV ϕ´ ∂U∂[∂ϕ U∂X∂X FRV ϕ∂X VLQ ϕ ∂\∂U∂ϕ UËÑÐÇÓÔÄÆËÎÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚËÈÓÃÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÃÆ∂X VLQ ϕ ∂X FRV ϕ∂X VLQ ϕ _∇X_ ∂X FRV ϕ´ ∂U∂U∂ϕ U ∂ϕ U ∂X ∂X ∂UU ∂ϕ tÈÑÈÒÞÑÈÒÈÌÇÈαÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËàÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÃqÒÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÓÏÄÙÄÍÄÑÐ[ÊÄÔÈÎÑÐ\∂U∂ϕ´U VLQ ϕ FRV ϕ ∂U∂ϕ ´U VLQ ϕ FRV ϕ ∂\∂\∂U∂ϕ VLQ ϕ U FRV ϕ ∂\∂\∂[∂[∂U VLQ ϕ U FRV ϕ ∂ϕ ∂[∂[∂U ∂ϕ ∂U ∂ϕ ËrÄÊÒÈÚËÎÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚËÈÓÃÓËÓÔÈÎÝÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ∂[ ∂[ ∂\VLQ ϕ ∂ϕFRV ϕ∂U∂U∂ϕ FRV ϕ VLQ ϕ ´ ∂\∂[UU∂[∂\∂\qÒÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÑÐ[Ë\ÔÐÇÄËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∂X VLQ ϕ ∂U∂ ∂X∂X∂ ∂X∂X VLQ ϕ ∂ϕ FRV ϕ´ FRV ϕ´ ∂ U ∂U∂ϕ U ∂[∂ ϕ ∂U∂ϕ U ∂[∂[ FRV ϕ VLQ ϕ ∂XVLQ ϕ ∂ X VLQ ϕ ∂X FRV ϕ VLQ ϕ ∂ X ∂X FRV ϕ´ ∂UU∂U ∂ϕ∂ϕU∂UUU∂ϕ∂X FRV ϕ ∂U∂X FRV ϕ ∂ϕ∂ ∂X∂ ∂X VLQ ϕ VLQ ϕ ∂ U ∂U∂ϕ U ∂\∂ ϕ ∂U∂ϕ U ∂\∂\∂YFRV ϕ VLQ ϕ ∂ XFRV ϕ ∂ X FRV ϕ ∂X FRV ϕ VLQ ϕ ∂X ´ ∂X VLQ ϕ∂UU∂U ∂ϕU∂ϕU∂UU∂ϕqÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚËÈÓÃÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÃÆÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞ∂ X ∂X∂ X ∆X ∂UU ∂ϕU ∂UdÓÍÕÙÄȱÐÇÄÆÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÎÐÈÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈÆ×ÐÇËÔÏÈÐÇÏÄÄÏÈÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÐÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÇÄÏÏÐÐÑÐÒÃDZÄÕÇÐÅÏÐÑÒËÎÈÏÃÔÞÎÈÔÐÇÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÃÏÈÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÄÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÆoÄÑÒËÎÈÒÓÙËÔÄÃÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÎËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝÎË [Ë\ÏÄÌÇÈÎÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÃÇÍÃÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÆGUËGϕjÊÖÐÒÎÕÍËÎÈÈÎG[ FRV ϕ GU´U VLQ ϕ GϕG\ VLQ ϕ GUU FRV ϕ GϕÐÔÓàÇÄVLQ ϕFRV ϕGU FRV ϕ G[VLQ ϕ G\Gϕ ´ G[ G\UUÐÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐËÊßÔË×ÖÐÒÎÕÍÔıÉÈÓÒÄÊÕÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÝfÍÃÖÕϱØËËX X[\ËÎÈÈÎGX ∂X GU ∂X Gϕ∂U∂ϕ∂X VLQ ϕ ∂X∂X FRV ϕ ∂X FRV ϕ´ G[ VLQ ϕ G\∂U∂U∂ϕ U∂ϕ UdÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËËÇÍÃÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÄGX±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÝÕG[Ë∂X∂XG\ÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÎË Ë ÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÊÓÒÄÊÕ∂\∂[ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓÃÐÅÈÖÐÒÎÕÍÝoÄÌÇÈÎÇÄÍÈÈÆÔÐÒÝÈÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝGUËGϕËÊGU ´VLQ ϕ Gϕ G[FRV ϕ Gϕ G\VLQ ϕG[ µ FRV ϕ VLQ ϕG[G\ FRV ϕG\ UGϕFRV ϕVLQ ϕVLQ ϕFRV ϕ G[ G\ Gϕ G\ GU´ G[´ UUUUFRV ϕ VLQ ϕG[ µ ( FRV ϕ µ VLQ ϕ )G[G\ µ FRV ϕ VLQ ϕG\ UtÈÑÈÒÞËÊÇÍÃGXÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∂X∂X∂ X∂ XGX ∂X GU GU Gϕ Gϕ GU Gϕ∂U∂U ∂ϕ∂ϕ∂U∂ϕVLQ ϕ ∂ XVLQ ϕ ∂X FRV ϕ VLQ ϕ ∂ X∂ X ´ FRV ϕ U∂U∂U ∂ϕU∂ϕU∂U FRV ϕ VLQ ϕ ∂X G[ G[ G\ G\U∂ϕ∂ X∂ X Ë ±Ä±ÓÐÐÔpÔÓàÇÄËÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓÃÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÃÇÍà ∂X ∂[∂[ ∂\∂\ÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏбÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÝÑÒËG[G[ G\ËG\bÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÈÎÈÔÐÇÝÑÒËÎÈÏËÎݱÐÏÈÙÏÐËÆÓÍÕÙÄȱÐÇÄÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓñıÄÃÍËÅÐÇÒÕÄÃÊÄÎÈÏÄÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[ [XY\ \XY±ÐÇÄËÎÈàÔÓÃÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈÆÝÓÚË×ÑÐÒÃDZÐÆÄÔıÉȱÐÇÄÒÈÙÞËÇÈÔÐÖÕϱØËÃ×ÅÐÍÞÚÈÐÙËÓÍÄÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×uqrbhogojgqÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÔÞÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈ_∇X_ÇÈX X[\±ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎξηÔ ÈÔıËαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎÙÔÐ∂[ ∂[ ∂\ ∂\ ∂ξ ∂η ∂ξ ∂ηiÇÊÇÛÇ dQÎÈÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÔÞÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈ_∇X_ÇÈX X[ [Q±ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎξ ξQÔ ÈÔıËαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎÙÔÐÑÒËL NÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐQ∂[ ∂[∑ M MM ∂ξ L ∂ξ NLN Q ©ÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÞÖÕÏÌØÊË ±ÐÏáÔÊÇÉÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÊÖÕÏÌØÊ˯ÇÐÃ×ÐÆÊÎÐÇÕÓÍÐÄÊÇÉÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÊÖÕÏÌØÊË°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕßÐÅÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*µ5QËÅÈÅÐÞÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÞÉ×ÖвÙÌÌ\L ϕL[L P[ [ [Q∈*gÔÎÌ ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÉ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ ' Ç ÒÓÑÔÕÓÅеÔÕÇÉ 5 \P \ÌÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÅÄÐÅ'×ÖвPµÙÌÄΦ\ \PµÕŲÌÉ ÚÕÑ Ç ÎáÆÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É [∈* ÇÞÒÑÎÐÄáÕÔÄ ÖÔÎÑÇÌÄϕ[ ϕP´[∈' ÌΦϕ[ ϕP´[ = ϕP[ÕÑ×ÖвÙÌÄϕPÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄËÅÇÌÔÌÏÑÍÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*ÑÕ×ÖвÙÌÍϕ ϕP´°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ gÔÎÌ ÔÓÉÈÌ ×ÖвÙÌÍ ÔÌÔÕÉÏÞ ÉÔÕß×ÖвÙÌÄËÅÇÌÔÌÏÅÄÑÕÑÔÕÅÎßÐÞØÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*ÕÑàÕÅÔÌÔÕÉÏÅÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄËÅÇÌÔÌÏÑÍÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*gÔÎÌÐÌÑÈÐÅ×ÖвÙÌÄÔÌÔÕÉÏÞÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÕÑÕÑÔÕÅÎßÐÞØÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*ÕÑàÕÅÔÌÔÕÉÏÅÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÏÑÍÐÅ*jÏÐÇÄÇÍñÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔËÆÎÈÓÔÐÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËëÊÄÆËÓËÎÄÃÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎÄÖÕϱØË̬ÅÕÇÈÎÑÒÐÓÔÐÐÆÐÒËÔÞ«ÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÈÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÈÖÕϱØËˬdÆÐÑÒÐÓÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÓËÓÔÈÎÝÖÕϱØËÌÖÕÏÇÄÎÈÏÔÄÍÞÏÕàÒÐÍÞËÒÄÈÔÎÄÔÒËØıÐÅËßÔÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝ∂\ L ∂[ M L PM QÇÈL µÏÐÎÈÒÓÔÒбËM µÏÐÎÈÒÓÔÐÍÅØÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÏÇÐÃ×ÐÆÊÎÐÇ ÕÓÍÐÄÊÇ ÉÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÊ ÖÕÏÌØÊËqÖÔÕßPPQÌÔÌÔÕÉÏÅ×ÖвÙÌÍËÅÇÌÔÌÏÅÐÅÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ * tÑÈÅ Ç ÎáÆÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É àÕÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅÓÅÐÏÅÕÓÌÙÞ²ÑÆÌàÕÑÍÔÌÔÕÉÏÞÏÉÐßÛÉP¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÐ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ÖÕϱØËÌ ÊÄÆËÓËÎÄÏÄ*Ô ÈÑбÒÄÌÏÈÌÎÈÒÈÐÇÏÄËÊßÔË×ÖÕϱØËÌÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÐÓÔÄÍÞÏÝ×qÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔËϕPÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔϕ ϕP´ϕP[ Φϕ[ ϕP´[ [∈*ÇÈ Φ µ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄà ÖÕϱØËà ÐÔ P ´ ÄÒÕÎÈÏÔÐÆ\ \P´pÔÓàÇÄ∂\ P P µ ∂Φ ∂\ L ∑ ∂[ ML ∂\ L ∂[ MÇÍÃÆÓÈ×M QÔÄ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ Pà ÓÔÒÐ±Ä ÎÄÔÒËØÝ ±ÐÅË Æ ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È [∈* ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ±ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌÐÓÔÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÔÒбßÔÐÌÎÄÔÒËØÝËÊÏÄÙËÔÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØݱÐÅËÎÈÏÞÚÈPƱÄÉÇÐÌÔÐÙ±È[∈*³ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª § qÖÔÕßP QÌÔÌÔÕÉÏÅ×ÖвÙÌÍËÅÇÌÔÌ∂( \ \ )∂( [ [ Q )QÏÅÐÅÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*tÑÈÅÉÉIJÑÆÌÅÐ ÓÅÇÉÐÐÖÎáÇÑÇÔÉØÕÑÚ²ÅØÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ*³ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª § ÆÐÓÔÂÔÐÙÏÝÇÕÓÍÐÄÊáÏÇÉÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÊÖÕÏÌØÊËqÖÔÕßPPQÌÒÖÔÕßÓÅÐÏÅÕÓÌÙÞ²ÑÆÌØÑÕßÇÑÈÐÑÍÕÑÚ²É ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ * ÓÅÇÉÐ P tÑÈÅ ÔÌÔÕÉÏÅÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÏÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ* oÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÒÄÏÐÎÎÄÔÒËØÝÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÎıÓËÎÄÍÞÏÐÈÙËÓÍÐÈÈÍËÏÈÌÏÐ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ× ÓÔÒб ÔÐ ÙËÓÍÐ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔ Ó ÎıÓËÎÄÍÞÏÝÎ ÑÐÒÃDZÐÎÎËÏÐÒÄßÔÐÌÎÄÔÒËØÝÏÈÒÄÆÏÐÐÏÕÍàsÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈ ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓà ÓÒÄÊÕ ËÊ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÑÒËP QsÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈÍȱÐÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÐÔÑÒÐÔËÆÏÐÐqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÓÔÒÐ±Ë ÎÄÔÒËØÝ ±ÐÅË ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎË ÒÄÇËÈÏÔÐÆ ÖÕϱØËÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÈÒÈÖÒÄÊËÒÐÆÄÔÞÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎgÔÎÌÔÌÔÕÉÏÅ×ÖвÙÌÍËÅÇÌÔÌÏÅÇÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*ÕÑÓÅÈÌÉÐÕÞ∇ϕ ∇ϕ àÕÌØ ×ÖвÙÌÍ ÎÌÐÉÍÐÑ ËÅÇÌÔÌÏÞ ÇP²ÅÊÈÑÍÕÑÚ²É* ¦ÐÓÔÂÔÐÙÏÝÇÕÓÍÐÄÊáÉÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÊÖÕÏÌØÊËd ßÔÐÎ ÑÕϱÔÈ ÓÐ×ÒÄÏËÎ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËà ÑÒÈÇÝÇÕÛÈÐ ÑÕϱÔÄ ËÅÕÇÈαıËÒÄÏÞÚÈÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÙÔÐÖÕϱØËËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*µ5Q´ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÆÐÓÔÂÔÐÙÏÝÇ ÕÓÍÐÄÊá ÉÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÊ ÖÕÏÌØÊËqÖÔÕßÓÅÐÏÅÕÓÌÙÞ²ÑÆÌÔÌÔÕÉÏÞ×ÖвÙÌÍDzÅÊÈÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÑÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ*ÐÉÒÓÉÇÞÛÅÉÕÚÌÔÎÅUU PPQÅÇÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÍÕÑÚ²É[∈*ÓÅÇÉÐUÌÐÅÚÉÑÇÑÓÄÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕÕŲÌÉÒÉÓÉÏÉÐÐÞÉ[M [M Ì×ÖвÙÌÌU\L ϕL [ \L ϕL [ÚÕÑUU∂( \ L \ L )U∂( [ M [ M )U[( )tÑÈÅÇÔÉU×ÖвÙÌÍÇØÑÈÄÜÌØÇÖÔÎÑÇÌÉÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÏÞÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*ÌÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕßÕÑÚ²Ì[ÕŲÅÄ ÚÕÑ ÎáÆÅÄ ÌË ÑÔÕÅÇÛÌØÔÄP´U ×ÖвÙÌÍ ËÅÇÌÔÌÕ ÐÅàÕÑÍѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕÌÑÕÖ²ÅËÅÐÐÞØU×ÖвÙÌͦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ ÇÍà ÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝ ÊÄÑËÓË ÕÓÍÐÆËÈËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ∂( \ \ U )∂( [ [ U ) [( )ßÔÐÐÆÓÈÇÄÎÐÉÏÐÇÐÅËÔÞÓÃÑÈÒÈÏÕÎÈÒÐÆÄÆÆÓÍÕÙÄÈÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËË Ë ÄÒÕÎÈÏÔÝ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ Æ ÏÕÉÏÐÎ ÑÐÒÃÇ±È sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËà ËÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ Ñ ÖÕϱØËË\ \UÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÆ*qбÄÉÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÙÔбÄÉÇÄÃËÊÐÓÔÄÍÞÏÝ×ÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÏË×Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ [ ( ) [ Q( ) qÕÓÔÞ\ L( ) ϕL[ L P rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÓËÓÔÈÎÕ ÑÈÒÆÝ× UÖÕϱØËÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝ\ ϕ[[Q\U ϕU[[QqÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÆÝÅÈÒÈÎ ÔıÐÈ η ÙÔÐÅÝ ÆÓñÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä [ [ [Q ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛÄà η±ÕÅËÙÈÓ±ÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë [ Ô È ÆÓñÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä [ ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ _[L ´ [ L( )_ ηL Q ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÍÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ * [∈* ÔÐ ÆÓÈÇÄÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÆÓËÍÕÈÐÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÓÔËfÄÍÈÈÆÓËÍÕÕÓÍÐÆËÃËÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÐÏÈÃÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÃ×ÓÎÑ ÓËÓÔÈÎÄÒÄÊÒÈÚËÎÄÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[ [UÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[\[ I\ \U[U [Q[U IU\ \U[U [QqÒË ßÔÐÎ ÖÕϱØËË I IU ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝ Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë \ ( ) \ U( ) [ U( ) [ Q( )cÐÍÈÈÑÐÇÒÐÅÏÐÈÓÍËƱÄÙÈÓÔÆÈбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÈÌÅÒÄÔÞ±ÕÅËÙÈÓ±ËÈбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËßÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÅÒÄÔÞÔıËÈÙËÓÍÄδ!Ëη!ÑÒËÙÈÎÇÍÃÕÇÐÅÓÔÆÄÆÊÃÔÞË×ÎÈÏÞÚËÎËηδ ηη ηÙÔÐÈÓÍËÙÈÒÈÊ8ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÔÞ±ÕÅËÙÈÓ±ÕàбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞÔÐÙ±Ë \ ( ) \ U( )[ U( ) [ Q( )ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÕàÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÎË_\L´ \ L( )_ δL U_[M´[ M( )_ δM U QÔÐ ÏÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÖÕϱØËËINN UÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ ÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱ\ \U[U [Q∈8ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ_IN\ \U[U [Q´[ N( )_ ηN U ÏÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄϕLI IU[U [Q \L L UÇÈÑÐÇINN UÑÐÏËÎÄàÔÓÃÑÒÄÆÝÈÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËαÐÎÑÐÊËØËàÖÕϱØËÌËϕU[ [QÔ ÈÖÕϱØËà\U ϕUI IU[U [QÇÈIN IN\ \U[U [QN UÔÄÓÍÐÉÏÄÃÖÕϱØËà ÊÄÆÈÇÐÎÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄ Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌÆÝÚȱÕÅËÙÈÓ±ÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÔÐÙ±Ë \ ( ) \ U( )[ U( ) [ Q( )qбÄÉÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÏÄ ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÖÕϱØËÃ Æ ßÔÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[U [QÔ ÈÏÈÎÈÏÃÈÔÓÃÑÒË Ë× ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËË Ë ÔÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÖıÔËÙÈÓ±Ë ÍËÚÞÖÕϱØËÈÌÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×\ \UfÍÃßÔÐÐÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÑбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËÏÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ∂\ U ∂[ MM U QÓÎ Ñ ËÍË ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝ× ÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÌ mÄÒÄÏÉÄÆ Ñ ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÓÒÄÊÕ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÓÔÞ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÇÍÃÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËÐÔÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[U [QÆÆÝÑÕ±ÍÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËÄÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐËƱÕÅËÙÈÓ±ÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËfÍÃÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÊÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈÎÐÇÏÐËÊÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌ M M U Q Ë ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ [N Ó ËÏÇȱÓÄÎË NÑÒËÏËÎÄàÛËÎËÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃU M´M QÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÆË×ÙÈÒÈÊ [ NÑÒËÙÈÎÆÝÅÈÒÈÎ [ NÔıÙÔÐÅÝ_[ N´ [ N( )_ δN U M´M QrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ\ \\U \U\U ϕUI I U[ U [ M µ [M[ M [ Q ÇÈI N IN\ \U[ U [ M µ [M[ M [ QUÎÈÒÏÐ̱ÕÅËÙÈÓ±ÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8MÔÐÙ±Ë \ ( ) \ U( ) [ M( )ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÐÌÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÎË_\N´ \ N( ) _ δN U_[M´[ M( )_ δsËÎÆÐÍËÙÈÓ±Ë ÙÔÐÅÝ ÑÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÕÔÞ ±Ä±ËÈ ËÎÈÏÏÐ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝÈ ÎÈÏÃàÔÓà ËÊÐÅÒÄÊËÎ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ Æ ÆËÇÈ\\U[M{\\U\UÔÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÏÄ8MÈÐÎÄÔÒËØıÐÅËËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ ∂\ U ∂\ U µ ∂\U ∂\U ∂[ M ∂\ ∂\ ∂\ UËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ∂( \ \ U \ U )∂\ U ∂( \ \ U [ M )∂[ MÔ È Ã±ÐÅËÄÏ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÒÄÆÈÏ ËÏÔÈÒÈÓÕàÛÈÌÏÄÓÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÐÌoÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8MßÔÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎÐÉÏÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÔÞÆÆËÇÈ ±ÐÎÑÐÊËØËË ÇÆÕ× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ[ I\\U[ U [ M µ [M[ M [ Q [U IU\\U[ U [ M µ [M[ M [ Q [M [MбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÉÈÏËÃ8MË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄ\ ϕ[[U[ U [ M µ [M[ M [ Q \U ϕU[[U[ U [ M µ [M[ M [ Q \U ϕU[[U[ U [ M µ [M[ M [ Q бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ ( ) [ U( ) [ M( )ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÐÌÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÎË_[L´[ L( )_ ηL U_[M´[ M( )_ δd ÓËÍÕ ÆÝÅÐÒÄ ÙËÓÈÍ δ Ë η ±ÐÎÑÐÊËØËà ßÔË× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏË̱ÐÔÐÒÕàÇÍÃÏÄÍÃÇÏÐÓÔËÎÐÉÏÐÓËÎÆÐÍËÙÈÓ±ËËÊÐÅÒÄÊËÔÞÆÆËÇÈ\ \U[M{[ [U[M{\ \U\UÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8MqÈÒÆÐÈËÊßÔË×ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8MÔÐÙ±Ë \ ( ) \ U( ) \ M( )ÄÆÔÐÒÐÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÆÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÈÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ ( ) [ U( )[ M( )qÐßÔÐÎÕ ËÊ Ë ËÊ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆ Ã±ÐÅËÄÏÐÆ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ ÓÎÑ ËÎÈÈÎ∂\ U ∂( \ \ U \ U )∂( \ \ U \ U ) ∂( [ [ U [ M ) ∂[ M∂( \ \ U [ M )∂( [ [ U [ M ) ∂( \ \ U [ M )dÓËÍÕÕÓÍÐÆËÃÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØݱÐÅËÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*ÎÈÏÞÚÈËÍËÒÄÆÈÏUÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ∂( \ \ U \ U ) ∂( [ [ U [ M )ÆÓàÇÕÏÄ*qÐßÔÐÎÕËÊÓÒÄÊÕÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÔÐÙ±Ë \ \U [M∈8M Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë\ \U [ U [ M µ [M [ M [ Q ∈8 ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ [ NÅÝÍËÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÝÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÍËÚÞÅÝ_[ N´[ N( )_ δN U M´M QÔÐßÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÏÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÖÕϱØËÃÊÄÆËÓËÔÔÐÍÞ±ÐÐÔÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×\ \UpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÆÈÈÓËÎÆÐÍÐÎΦÑÐÍÕÙËÎϕUI IU[U [Q Φ\ \UdÝÅÈÒÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÔıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎδδ δËδ ηÙÔÐÅÝÑÒË_[L´[ L( )_ δL QÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÍËÓÞÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ_\L´\ L( )_ δM UÔÐÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÆÓËÍÕÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËÌ\M ϕM[[QM UÓËÓÔÈÎÝÆÔÐÙ±È[dÓËÍÕÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÔÐÙ±Ë[ËÊδ±ÕÅËÙÈÓ±ÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[Ô ÈÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÔıÐÌÔÐÙ±Ë[ [ [QÙÔÐ_[L´[ L( )_ δL QÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÐϕU[ Φ ϕ[ ϕU[ Ô È Æ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ÖÕϱØËËϕ ϕUϕUÊÄÆËÓËÎÝqÐÇÐÅÏÝÎ ÉÈ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔÞ ±ÄÉÇÐÌËÊÖÕϱØËÌϕU ϕPÐÔϕ ϕUÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[bÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÎÕÕÓÍÐÆËàÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËÌÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÈ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÔıÉÈ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞ Æ ÔÈÒÎËÏÄ×ÒÄÇËÈÏÔÐÆfÍÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝÐÒÄÏËÙËÎÓÃÓÍÕÙÄÈÎU P´gÔÎÌ ÇÑ ÇÔÉØ ÕÑÚ²ÅØ ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ * ÓÅÈÌÉÐÕÞ∇ϕ ∇ϕPÎÌÐÉÍÐÑ ËÅÇÌÔÌÏÞ ÕÑ Ö ²ÅÊÈÑÍ ÕÑÚ²Ì [∈* ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÉÉѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕß Ç ²ÑÕÑÓÑÍ ×ÖвÙÌÌ ϕ ϕP ËÅÇÌÔÌÏÞ qÓÌàÕÑÏÉÔÎÌÐÅÒÓÌÏÉÓÓÅÈÌÉÐÕÞ∇ϕ ∇ϕP´ÎÌÐÉÍÐÑÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÏÞ Ç ÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É Ì ÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑ ÓÅÈÌÉÐÕ∇ϕPÇàÕÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÌØÎÌÐÉÍÐÑͲÑÏÆÌÐÅÙÌÉÍÕÑÇѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕÌ ÓÅÔÔÏÅÕÓÌÇÅÉÏÑÍ ÕÑÚ²Ì ×ÖвÙÌÄ ϕP ËÅÇÌÔÌÕÑÕ×ÖвÙÌÍϕ ϕP´sÍÈÇÕÈÔÐÅÒÄÔËÔÞÆÏËÎÄÏËÈÏÄÔÐÙÔÐÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÈÕÓÍÐÆËÃÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËÌÕÓÔÄÏÐÆÍÈÏÏÝÈÆßÔÐÎÑÕϱÔÈËÎÈàÔÍбÄÍÞÏÝÌ×ÄÒıÔÈÒÆÐÔÍËÙËÈÐÔÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÐÆÑÒÈÇÚÈÓÔÆÕàÛÈÐÑÕϱÔÄËÎÈàÛË×ÍÐÅÄÍÞÏÝÌ×ÄÒıÔÈÒÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈÈÓÍËÓËÓÔÈÎÄPÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌ ÊÄÆËÓËÎÄ ÏÄ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ * µ 5Q ÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ Ñ Æ± Ä É Ç Ð ÌÔÐÙ±ÈßÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØݱÐÅËßÔÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÎÈÏÞÚÈPÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈÓÍË×ÐÔÃÅÝÆÐÇÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*ÒÄÏÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÎÄÔÒËØÝÒÄÆÈÏPÔÐÓËÓÔÈÎÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÄÏÄÆ Ó È ÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ *yÔÐÉÈ ±ÄÓÄÈÔÓà ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÏÄÓÔÐÃÛÈÐ ÑÕϱÔÄ ÔÐ ÐÏÄ ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÄÈÔÍËÚÞ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË Æ ±Ä±ÐÌÔÐ ÔÐÙ±È [∈* ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓà ÕÓÍÐÆËÃßÔÐÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÔÐ ÔÐÍޱРÏÄ Ï È ± Ð Ô Ð Ò Ð Ì Ð ± Ò È Ó Ô Ï Ð Ó Ô ËßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÄÏÈÏÄÆÓÈÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*ÇÄÏÏÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎÄÖÕϱØËÌÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÐÌ tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ËÎÈÈÔÍбÄÍÞÏÝÌ×ÄÒıÔÈÒfÐÅÄÆËÎ ÈÛÈ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË Æ ± Ä É Ç Ð Ì ÔÐÙ±È [ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓà ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÔÐ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔ˱ÄÉÇÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎÄÖÕϱØËÌÅÕÇÈÔÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÌpÇÏıÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ÏÈÄÒÄÏÔËÒÕÈÔÙÔÐßÔÄÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔÞÅÕÇÈÔÐÇÏÐÌËÔÐÌÉÈÆÐÆÓÈ×Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ× Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÃ× Ô È ËÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÏÈ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÆÒÄÊÏÝ× ÔÐÙ±Ä× ÐÇÏË Ë ÔÈ ÉÈ ÖÕϱØËË ÅÕÇÕÔ ÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÎË ÐÔÇÒÕË×ËÙÔÐÖÕϱØËËΦ«ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃàÛËȬÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÐÇÏË×ËÔÈ×ÉÈÖÕϱØËÌÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ×ÏÄÒÄÊÏÝ×бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÃ×ÅÕÇÕÔÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÔÞÆÔÐÙ±Ä×ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÃßÔË×бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÈÌsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐËÊÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÏÈÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÓËÓÔÈÎÄÖÕϱØËÌÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛÄà ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎ ßÔÐÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÆÐ ÆÓÈ× ÔÐÙ±Ä× [ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * ÅÕÇÈÔ ÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÌ ÏÄ ÆÓÈÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ * Æ ØÈÍÐÎÔ ÈÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÔÐËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ÏÈËÎÈÈÔÍÐÅÄÍÞÏÐÐ×ÄÒıÔÈÒÄiÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÏÈÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÐÅÐÍÈÈÐÅÛËÌÑÐÇ×ÐDZÑÐÏÃÔËàÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËÌÑÐÊÆÐÍÃàÛËÌÑÐÓÔÒÐËÔÞÍÐÅÄÍÞÏÕàÔÈÐÒËàßÔÐÐÆÐÑÒÐÓÄÐÇÏıÐÏÈÅÕÇÈÎÏÄßÔÐÎÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÔÞÓñ Ò Ê Î Ç Ò rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÓËÓÔÈÎÕÖÕϱØËÌX VLQ [\Y FRV [\±ÐÅËÄÏßÔÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàÏÄÆÓÈÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËFRV ( [ \ ) FRV ( [ \ ) ± VLQ ( [ \ ) ± VLQ ( [ \ )˱ıÍȱÐÆËÇÈÔÞÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØݱÐÅËßÔÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÒÄÆÈÏÈÇËÏËØÈÆÐÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËsÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÖÕϱØËË ÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ Æ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔ˱ÄÉÇÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËdÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔÞÖÕϱØËÌÍȱРÏÄ×ÐÇËÔÓà ÆÃÆÏÐÎ ÆËÇÈ ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ÔÐÙȱ [ \ ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× FRV [ \ ! ÐÏÄÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÐÌY µ X uqrbhogoj qÕÓÔÞX [\]Y [\\]][Z [\]fбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÖÕϱØËËXYZÊÄÆËÓËÎÝËÏÄÌÔËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÆÝÒÄÉÄàÛÈÈË×ÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔÞ jÓÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÞÆÐÑÒÐÓÐÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËÌX ξηζY ξηζZ ξηζ] ξηηζζξiÇÊÇÛÇ vÕϱØËà X X[ \ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÄÒÎÐÏËÙÈÓ±ÐÌ Æ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËÈÓÍËÆÐÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×ßÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËÐÏÄÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà∆X ÓÎfбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÇÆÈÄÒÎÐÏËÙÈÓ±ËÈÖÕϱØËËÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÆÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËÔÐÇÄËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÔÐÇıÐÇÄÐÏËÍËÏÈÌÏÐÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ µÓÍÐÄÏÝËßÌÓÔÒÇÎÕÎ ±ÐÏáÔÊÇÕÓÍÐÄÏÐÅÐßÌÓÔÒÇÎÕÎÂqÕÓÔÞÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*µ5QÊÄÇÄÏÝÖÕϱØËË\L IL[L P[ [ [Q∈*pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊ(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔÐÙȱ[∈*ƱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÆÓÈÖÕϱØËËILL PÐÅÒÄÛÄàÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞuÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃ( ^[IL[ IL[ L PL PÅÕÇÈÎÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÄÏÌÔÇÄËÌ[∈*`°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß ÐÅ * ËÅÈÅÐÅ ×ÖвÙÌÄ \ I[ tÑÚ²Å[∈( ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÕÑÚ²ÑÍ ÖÔÎÑÇÐÑÑ à²ÔÕÓÉÏÖÏÅ×ÖвÙÌÌI[ÑÕÐÑÔÌÕÉÎßÐÑÌÎÌÒÓÌÇÞÒÑÎÐÉÐÌÌÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÍÔÇÄËÌ ÉÔÎÌ ÑÐÅ ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄ ÕÑÚ²ÑÍ ÑÆÞÚÐÑÑ à²ÔÕÓÉÏÖÏÅàÕÑÍ ×ÖвÙÌÌ ÓÅÔÔÏÅÕÓÌÇÅÉÏÑÍ ÕÑÎß²Ñ ÐÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ (ÓÎÑ jÏÄÙÈ ÐÆÐÒà ÊÇÈÓÞ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ ÖÕϱØËË I[ Æ ÔÐÙ±È [ÓÒÄÆÏËÆÄÈÔÓÃÏÈÓÐÆÓÈÎËÈÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÎËÆÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÎÄÍÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÄÔÐÍÞ±ÐÓÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÎËÆÔÐÙ±Ä×ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛË× ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÎÄÍÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË Ë ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ ( lı Ë Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÐÅÝÙÏÝ× ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÐÆÎÐÉÏÐÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞÔÐÙ±ËÑÒÐÓÔÐÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄËÔÐÙ±ËÓÔÒÐÐÐÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄtÐÙ±ÄÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÍËÅÐÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐÓÔÒÐÐÐÎıÓËÎÕÎÄÍËÅÐÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐÓÔÒÐÐÐÎËÏËÎÕÎı Ò Ê Î Ç Ò Ý rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÖÕϱØËàËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÓÆÃÊËI[\ [\[\´ oÄÌÇÈÎÕÓÍÐÆÏÝÌß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÖÕϱØËËÑÒËÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÓÆÃÊËjÊËÎÈÈÎ\ ´[ÐÔ±ÕÇÄI[´[ [´[tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÑÒË ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËË ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÓÆÃÊË ÖÕϱØËà ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÖÕϱØËÈÌ ÐÇÏÐÐ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐ gÈ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÏÄ×ÐÇËÔÓà ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐ ÑÒËÒÄÆÏËÆÄà ÏÕÍà ÈÈ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÕàÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÈÕÓÍÐÆËÈß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÑÐÍÕÙËÎ[´ ÐÔ±ÕÇÄ[ dßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÄÃÖÕϱØËÃÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐËÎÈÈÔ ÎËÏËÎÕÎ ÐÏÄ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÎÏÐÐÙÍÈÏÐÎ ÆÔÐÒÐÌ ÓÔÈÑÈÏËÓ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÝÎ ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÎ ÑÒË ÓÔÄÒÚÈÎ ÙÍÈÏÈ iÏÄÙÈÏËà[ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËàÓÆÃÊËÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕÈÔ\ sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÔÐÙ±ÈÖÕϱØËÃÇÐÓÔËÄÈÔÎËÏËÎÕÎÄÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÓÆÃÊËeÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËßÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÔÐÙ±ÄÑÄÒÄÅÐÍÐËÇÄ] [\ÑÒÐȱÔËÒÕàÛÄÃÓÃ Æ ÔÐÙ±Õ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÓÄÎÐÌ ÏËʱÐÌ ËÊ ÆÓÈ×qÒËÏÃÔÔıÉÈÔÈÒÎËÏ«ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÝÌß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕάÈÐÔÐÙȱÍÈÉÄÛË×ÏÄÇÑÒÃÎÐÌÒËÓ ÔÐÔÑÒËÎÈÒÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÙÔÐÔÐÙ±ÄƱÐÔÐÒÐÌÖÕϱØËÃÇÐÓÔËÄÈÔÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆÐÐÅÛÈÐÆÐÒÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄßÔÐÌÖÕϱØËË rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÖÕϱØËà I[ \ \ ´ [ Ë ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÓÆÃÊË\ [jÎÈÈÎI[[ [Ô ÈÑÒËÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓÆÃÊËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÄÃÖÕϱØËÃÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÖÕϱØËÈÌÐÇÏÐÐÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐËÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÇÐÓÔËÄÈÔÎËÏËÎÕÎÄÑÒË[ ÒËÓ iÏÄÙÈÏËà[ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËàÓÆÃÊËÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕÈÔÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ\ ÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕÖÕϱØËÃI[\ \´[ËÎÈÈÔ Æ ÔÐÙ±È ÕÓÍÐÆÏÝÌ ÎËÏËÎÕÎ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÓÆÃÊË\ [sÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÊÄÎÈÔËÔÞ ÙÔÐ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÓÄÎÄ ÖÕϱØËà I[ \ÏÈËÎÈÈÔÏËÎıÓËÎÕÎÄÏËÎËÏËÎÕÎÄÏËƱıÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÏÝÌ ÑÒËÎÈÒ ÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËà ÎÐÉÈÔ ÏÈ ËÎÈÔÞ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ÏÐ ÑÒË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃ×ÓÆÃÊËÎÐÉÈÔËÎÈÔÞÕÓÍÐÆÏÝÌß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎdÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎÅÕÇÈÎÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÙÔÐ ÆÓÈ ÖÕϱØËË I I IP ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ* Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È [ ÆȱÔÐÒÝ ∇I ∇IP ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÔ ÈÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØݱÐÅË∂I L ∂[ L M PL QÒÄÆÈÏ P µ ÙËÓÍÕ ÈÈ ÓÔÒб ÓÔÒÐ±Ë ÎÄÔÒËØÝ ±ÐÅË ÃÆÍÃàÔÓñÐÎÑÐÏÈÏÔÄÎËÒÄÇËÈÏÔÐÆ∇I ∇IP]]] [\] \´[\ [ [\´ \[[rËÓrËÓ\sÐÍÄÓÏÐÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÄÎÑÒÈÇÝÇÕÛÈÐÑÄÒÄÒÄÖÄßÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËË ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØÝÏÈÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÅÐÍÞÚÈÙËÓÍÄÓÔÐÍÅØÐÆÔÐËÊÕÓÍÐÆËÃÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐPPQpÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÆÓÍÕÙÄÈP Q±ÐÇÄÔÐÙ±Ä[ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎÓÆÃÊËÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±Ë ÏÈÔ ÅÐÍÞÚÈ ÔÐÙȱ ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛË× ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎ ÓÆÃÊËÔÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈI[ I[I[IP[[ [[Q∈*∂( I I Q )Æ ÓËÍÕ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÏÕÍà ñÐÅËÄÏÄ ∂( [ [ Q )[ [ ÍбÄÍÞÏÐ ÐÎÈÐÎÐÒÖÏÐ ÓÎ Ñ Æ ÔÐÙ±È [ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÆÐÑÒÐÓ ÐÅÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÎß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÈÆÔÐÙ±È[ÓÆÐÇËÔÓñÆÐÑÒÐÓÕÐÅß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÈÖÕϱØËËÆËÊÐÍËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÈÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃ Ô È ÆÐÑÒÐÓÕ ËÎÈàÛÈÎÕ ÑÒÄÆËÍÞÏÐÈ ÒÈÚÈÏËÈ qÐßÔÐÎÕÆÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎÅÕÇÈÎÆÓÈÇÄÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÙÔÐP QsÐÍÄÓÏÐÕÓÍÐÆËàÆÔÐÙ±È[×ÐÔÃÅÝÐÇËÏËÊÐÑÒÈÇÈÍË∂( I I )∂( [ L [ L )P ÐÔÍËÙÈÏÐÔÏÕÍÃqÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÔÈÍÈÌÆËÇÄ ÏÐÓÔËÆÔÐÙ±È[P∂( I I P ) ∂( [ [ P )tÐÇÄÑÒËQ!PÑÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÐÏÈÃÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÃ×ÓÎÑ ÓËÓÔÈÎÕÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ [ ( ) [ Q( )ÎÐÉÏÐÒÄÊÒÈÚËÔÞÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[ [P[ ϕ[P [Q[P ϕP[P [QajÏÄÙÈÐÆÐÒÃÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔıËÈбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8 8[Ë8 a( ) [ ( ) [ ( )ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏ8 [ÔÐÙȱ[Ë[ [ PPQQQ´PÙÔÐÔÐÙ±Ä[ [[ [Qq8ÏÐÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ×5 Ë5ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎ ÓÆÃÊË ÔÐÇÄ Ë ÔÐÍޱРÔÐÇÄ ±ÐÇÄ ÐÏÄ ËÎÈÈÔ ÆËÇ [a[ [P[P [Qq8 ϕ[ ϕ[ ϕP[ [qÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ[ [PÊÄÇÄÏÏÝÈÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎËÆ\ I[Ô ÈÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈƱÐÎÑÐÊËØËàÖÕϱØËËIËϕ ϕPÑÐÍÕÙËÎÖÕϱØËà\ Iϕ[P [Q ϕP[P [Q[P [QGHIJ[P [QGHIÐÔ Q ´ P ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [P [Q ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÕà Ë ÏÈÑÒÈaÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÕà Æ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÆÝÚÈ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 8ÔÐÙ±Ë[qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ Ð ÏÈÃÆÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÃ× ÕÓÍÐÆËÃ Ë ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÝ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈ ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈtÑڲŠ[ ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄ ÕÑÚ²ÑÍ ÔÕÓÑÑÑ ÖÔÎÑÇÐÑÑ à²ÔÕÓÉÏÖÏÅ ÈÎÄ ×ÖвÙÌÌ I[ ÑÕÐÑÔÌÕÉÎßÐÑ ÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÍ ÔÇÄËÌÇÕÑÏÌÕÑÎß²ÑÇÕÑÏÔÎÖÚÅɲÑÈÅ[ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÕÑÚ²ÑÍÑÆÞÚÐÑÑÔÕÓÑÑÑà²ÔÕÓÉÏÖÏÅ×ÖвÙÌÍgÓÍË[ µÔÐÙ±ÄÐÅÝÙÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÖÕϱØËËJÔÐÐÏÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌßÔÐÌÖÕϱØËËÓÎÑ GJ[ oÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄ͵ÍËÏÈÌÏÄÃÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÄÃÖÕϱØËÃËÈÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÏÕÍàÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÏÕÍàßÔÐÌÖÕϱØËËÑÒËÍàÅÝ×ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ×ÈÈÄÒÕÎÈÏÔÐÆÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ µÑÒËÍàÅÝ×G[P G[QÔÐÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÆÔÐÎËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÆÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄȱÐÇÄÆÓȱÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÝÑÒËßÔË×ÄÒÕ∂J N Q´PÐÅÒÄÛÄÎÈÏÔÄ×Ô ÈÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈ ∂[ P NàÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÆÔÐÙ±È[uÓÍÐÆËÈÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÇÍÃÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÆÔÐÙ±È[tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÎÈÔÐÇ ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏÏÝÌ ÏÄ ÒÈÚÈÏËË ÓËÓÔÈÎÝÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ ÑÐÊÆÐÍÃÈÔ ÓÆÈÓÔË ÆÐÑÒÐÓ Ð ÏÄ×ÐÉÇÈÏËË ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ± ÕÉÈ ËÊÕÙÈÏÏÐÎÕ ÆÐÑÒÐÓÕ ÐÅ ÐÅÝÙÏÐÎß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÈ jÎÈÏÏÐ ÔıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÎÝ Ë ÑÐÓÔÕÑÄÍË Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÏÝ×ÆÝÚÈÑÒËÎÈÒÄ×pÇÏıÐÏÄÌÔËÒÈÚÈÏËÈÓËÓÔÈÎÝ Æ ÃÆÏÐÎ ÆËÇÈ ÙÄÓÔÐ ÏÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐ ËÍË ÆÈÓÞÎÄ ÊÄÔÒÕÇÏËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÉÈÍÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÒÄÓÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ ÎÈÔÐÇÐÎ ÑÐÊÆÐÍÃàÛËÎÏÄ×ÐÇËÔÞÕÓÍÐÆÏÝÌß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÏÈÒÈÚÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎÝÔÐÔÓÑÐÓÐÅËÊÍÐÉÈÏÏËÉÈ ®ÇÔÐÆÎÏÐÈÊÔÇÍÇËÂÅÒÂÏÈÂÆÍáÏÂ×ÐÈÆÇÏÊáÔÐÙÇÌÕÓÍÐÄÏÐÅÐßÌÓÔÒÇÎÕÎÂd Ñ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÈÔÓà ÙÔÐ ÆÓÈ ÖÕϱØËË I I IP ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*µ5QQ!P´ § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕß [ µ ÕÑڲŠÖÔÎÑÇÐÑÑ à²ÔÕÓÉÏÖÏÅ×ÖвÙÌÌ I ÒÓÌ ÇÞÒÑÎÐÉÐÌÌ ÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÍ ÔÇÄËÌ tÑÈÅÇ àÕÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É ÓÅÈÌÉÐÕÞ ∇I ∇I ∇IP ÎÌÐÉÍÐÑ ËÅÇÌÔÌÏÞ Õ É ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕ ÕŲÌÉ ÐÉ ÇÔÉ ÓÅÇÐÞÉ ÐÖÎá ÚÌÔÎÅλλ λPÚÕÑλ∇Iλ∇IλP∇IP gÔÎÌÇÕÑÚ²É[ÖÔÎÑÇÐÑÑà²ÔÕÓÉÏÖÏÅ×ÖвÙÌÌ I ÑÕÐÑÔÌÕÉÎßÐÑ ÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÍ ÔÇÄËÌ ÓÅÈÌÉÐÕÞ∇I ∇IPÎÌÐÉÍÐÑÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÏÞÕ ÉÓÅÐÏÅÕÓÌÙÞ ²ÑÆ̳ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª §∂I M ∂[ L M PL QÓÅÇÉÐPÕÑÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕÕŲÌÉλ λPÚÕÑÇàÕÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉP∇I ∑ λM ∇IM MÕ ÉÓÅÈÌÉÐÕ∇IÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÎÌÐÉÍÐÑͲÑÏÆÌÐÅÙÌÉÍÓÅÈÌÉÐÕÑÇ∇I ∇IPd±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈÕÓÍÐÆËÈËÎÈÈÔÆËÇÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐL QÆÔÐÙ±È[vÕϱØËÃP∂I ∂I ∑ λM M [L∂[ L∂M )[GHIPI[ ∑ λMIM[MÇÈÙËÓÍÄλ λPÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔÕÓÍÐÆËàÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃ×ÖвÙÌÉÍmÅÓÅÐÊÅÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÊÄÇÄÙËÄÓÄÎËÙËÓÍÄλ λP µÏÐÑÊÌÕÉÎÄÏÌmÅÓÅÐÊÅuÓÍÐÆËÈÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÈÓÍË[ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÖÕϱØËËIÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓÆÃÊËÔÐÐÏÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËmÄÒÄÏÉÄÔ È∂) ( [ ( ) ) L Q∂[ LjÏÄÙÈÐÆÐÒÃG)[ qÒÈÉÇÈÙÈÎÇбÄÊÄÔÞÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÒÄÊÜÃÓÏËÎÈÈÓÎÝÓÍËÑбÄÉÈÎ ±Ä± ÈÈ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÔÞ ÇÍà ÏÄ×ÐÉÇÈÏËà ÔÐÙȱ ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ qÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÐÅÒÄÔËÎ ÆÏËÎÄÏËÈ ÏÄ ÔÐ ÙÔÐ ÕÖÕϱØËË ÆËÇÄ ÑÒË ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝ× ÙËÓÍÄ× λ λP±ÄÉÇÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÈÈÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄËÓ×ÐÇÏÐÌÖÕϱØËËIËÏÄÐÅÐÒÐÔnÝÆÝÅËÒÄÈÎÔıËÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃλ λQÙÔÐÅÝÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÍËÓÞÕÓÍÐÆËÃÔ ÈÙÔÐÅÝÇÄÏÏÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄбÄÊÄÍÄÓÞËÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÖÕϱØËËfÍà ÐÔÝÓ±ÄÏËà ÔÐÙȱ ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÔÞÓËÓÔÈÎÕQPÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌËÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈËÊÆÈÓÔÏÝ× [ ( ) [ Q( )λ λPËÒÈÚËÔÞÈÈÈÓÍËßÔÐбÄÉÈÔÓÃÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝÎÏÄÌÇà [ ( ) [ Q( )ËÑÐÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÓÔËËÓ±ÍàÙËÆλ λPsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄÃÔÈÐÒÈÎÄÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÄÈÔÙÔÐ ÆÓÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ÅÕÇÕÔ ÏÄ×ÐÇËÔÞÓà ÓÒÈÇËÏÄÌÇÈÏÏÝ×ÔıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÔÐÙȱ[ ( ) [ Q( )dÐÑÒÐÓÐÔÐαıËÈÉÈËÊÏË×ÖıÔËÙÈÓ±ËÅÕÇÕÔÔÐÙ±ÄÎËÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÔÒÈÅÕÈÔ ÇÐÑÐÍÏËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐËÓÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÏËà ÐÏÐÅÕÇÈÔ ÑÒÐÆÈÇÈÏÐÆÑÕϱÔȦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ô Ç Ð Ò Ç Î Ý fбÄÉÈÎÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÈÓÍËÆÔÐÙ±È[ [ ( ) [ Q( )ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛÈÌÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎÓÆÃÊËIN[ N P∇IPÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÔÐ[ÏÈÃÆÒÄÇËÈÏÔÝ∇I∇IÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄjÔıÑÕÓÔÞ∇I∇I ∇IPÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄ∂I∂[ LÔÈÍÞÏÐÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØݱÐÅË M M PL QÒÄÆÈÏPtÐÇÄÆßÔÐÌÎÄÔÒËØÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÎËÏÐÒÑÐÒÃDZÄP ÏÈ ÒÄÆÏÝÌ ÏÕÍà fÍà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÎ ÓÙËÔÄÔÞÙÔÐÐÏÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏÑÈÒÆÝÎËPÓÔÐÍÅØÄÎËÔ È∂( I I I P )∂( [ [ [ P ) [[()nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ* µÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈδ!ÙÔÐÑÒËÆÓÈ×δ δ δ±ÕÅ 4 δQ ^[ _[L´ [ L( )_ δL Q`ÍÈÉËÔ Æ * Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÏÄ ÏÈÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝ ÆÓÈ ÖÕϱØËËII IP( ) [ [ ( )ËÆÆÈÇÈÎÓÍÈÇÕàiÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈÎ[P [ PQQÛËÈÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ[ [ [P4 δP ^[_[L´[ L( )_ δL P`( ) [ ( )M PpÙÈÆËÇÏÐÖÕϱØËËIM[ [P[ PQÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝ Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ ÆÓàÇÕ Æ 4 δP rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ Φ 4 δP { 5P ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÐÈ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎË( ) [ ( )\ I[ [P[ PQ( ) [ ( )\ I[ [P[ PQ( ) [ ( )\P IP[ [P[ PQ( ) ËÎÈÈÎdÓËÍÕÇÍÃÔÐÙ±Ë[ [ ( ) [ P∂( \ \ P )∂( [ [ P )∂( I I I )∂( [ [ [ P )P [[ ( )≠[[( )qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÔÐÙ±Ä [ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÐÏÄ ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎ ÓÆÃÊË tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÇÍÃÔÐÙ±Ë[ËÎÈÈÎΦ[ I[ qÐßÔÐÎÕÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ ÆÑ ÐÍбÄÍÞÏÐÌÐÅÒÄÔËÎÐÓÔËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÆÔÐÙ±ÈƱÐÔÐÒÐÌÈÐñÐÅËÄÏÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈε!ÙÔÐÏÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË9 ^\ \ \P_\´I[_ ε_\M_ εM P`ÒËÓ P Q ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÐÐÅÒÄÔÏÐȱΦÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÍàÅÕàÔÐÙ±ÕßÔÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔÓñıÄÃÔÐÔÐÙ±ÄËÊ4 δP dÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÑÒËÍàÅÐÎη η εËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ I[ ¥ η ∈9 ÔÐ Æ ±ÕÅÈ 4 δP ÏÄÌÇÕÔÓÃ′ Ë[′′ [ ″ [ P″ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄàÔÐÙ±Ë[′ [ ′ [ PÛËÈÓÃÑÒËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËËΦÆÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÈÔÐÙ±ËбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË9\ε9I[´εI[I[ε\´εrËÓΦ[′ I[η Φ[′′ I[´η gÓÍË( ) [ ( )Ë′ [ PÑÐÍÐÉËÎÇÍñÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔË[′ [ ′ [ PQ( ) [ ( )ÔÐƱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÊÄÑËÓË[′′ [ ″ [ P″ [ PQÓÎÑÐÍÕÙËÎI[′ I[η!I[ËIN[′ N P[′∈ 4 δQI[′′ I[´η I[IN[′′ N P[∈ 4 δQ qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÙËÓÍÐδ δ δÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÓ±ÐÍÞÕÐÇÏÐÎÄÍÐÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÈ ÆÝÚÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë [′ Ë [′′ ÎÐÕÔ ÅÝÔÞ ÆÝÅÒÄÏÝ Ó±ÐÍÞÕÐÇÏÐ ÅÍËʱРÐÔ ÔÐÙ±Ë [ Ë ÔıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ Ó±ÐÍÞ ÕÐÇÏÐÅÍËʱÐÐÔÔÐÙ±Ë[ËÎÈàÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ËÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛËÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎ ÓÆÃÊË Æ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÖÕϱØËà I ÑÒËÏËÎÄÈÔ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËà ±Ä±ÅÐÍÞÚËÈ Ôı Ë ÎÈÏÞÚËÈ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËà I[ ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐÔÐÙ±Ä[ÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄqÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÐÈÑÒÐÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÈÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ó Í Ç Æ Ó Ô Ä Ê á gÓÍËÆȱÔÐÒÝ∇I ∇IPÍËÏÈÌÏÐ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ ÔÐ Æ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈ ËÎÈÈÎ λ Ôı±Ä± Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ λ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÈ ÆȱÔÐÒÝ Æ ÓËÍÕ Ð±ÄÊÄÍËÓÞÅÝÍËÏÈÌÏÐÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÎËrÄÊÇÈÍËÆÐÅÈÙÄÓÔËÏÄλÑÐÍÕÙËÎÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÆËÇÄ ¥ÇÐÎÇÔÒÊÙÇÓÌÂáÊÏÔÇÒÑÒÇÔÂØÊáÎÇÔÐÆÂÂÅÒÂÏÈÂfÄÇËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÈ ÑÐÃÓÏÈÏËà ± ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÇÍÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝÓÍÕÙÄÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÖÕϱØËËÇÆÕ×ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×] I[\ÑÒËÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÓÆÃÊËϕ[\ qÕÓÔÞÖÕϱØËËIËϕÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÆб∂ϕ ( [ \ ) ∂ϕ ( [ \ ) ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[\∇ϕ[\ ∂[∂\Ëϕ[\ dÓËÍÕÕÓÍÐÆËÃ∇ϕ[\ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÐÏÈÃÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÃ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈϕ[\ ÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë [ \ ÊÄÇÄÈÔ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÕà ÍÄDZÕà ±ÒËÆÕà ÐÅÍÄÇÄàÛÕàÃÆÏÝÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎÍËÅÐÆËÇÄ\ \[ÍËÅÐÆËÇÄ[ [\qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÏÄÓËÏÔÈÒÈÓÕàÔÔÐÍÞ±ÐÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÅÍËʱËȱ[\ÔÐÙ±Ë ÔÐ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÕà ±ÒËÆÕà ÅÕÇÈÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ ÑÒÐÓÔÐ ±ÒËÆÐÌϕ[\ Ô ÈÑÐÑÒÐÓÔÕÐÆÐÒÃÆÓàÇÕÆÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎÅÕÇÈÎÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞ ÓÕÉÈÏËÈ ÖÕϱØËË I Ë ϕ ÏÄ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÕà бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞÔÐÙ±Ë[\eÒÄÇËÈÏÔ∇ϕ[\ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÐÒÎÄÍÞà±±ÒËÆÐÌϕ[\ ÆÔÐÙ±È[\Ñ pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊτÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ̱ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌÆȱÔÐÒ±±ÒËÆÐÌϕ[\ÆÔÐÙ±È[\qÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÄñÒËÆÄÃÊÄÇÄÈÔÓÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ\ \[gÓÍË[\ µÔÐÙ±ÄÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÔÐ[ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌGHIÐÅÝÙÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËJ[ I[\[ÓÎÑ ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕJ′[ Ô ÈÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÄÃÖÕϱØËËIÆÔÐÙ±È[\Æ ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËË ±ÒËÆÐÌ ϕ[ \ ËÍË ÙÔÐ ÔÐ ÉÈ ÓÎ Ñ ÆÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËËÆȱÔÐÒÄτÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍà∂I ( [ \ ) ∇I[\τ ∂τÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ÒÄÇËÈÏÔÄ ∇I[ \ Ë ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐ ÆȱÔÐÒÄ τ ÙÔÐ ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐ ±ÐÍÍËÏÈÄÒÏÐÓÔË ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ ∇I[ \ Ë ∇ϕ[ \ ∇I[ \ λ∇ϕ[ \ Ô È ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓà ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ dÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈ ßÔÐÐ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃ Æ ÔÐÙ±È ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÐÃÓÏËÔÞ Ë ÇÒÕËÎ ÑÕÔÈÎGHIqÕÓÔÞI[\ FgÓÍËÆÔÐÙ±È[\ÏÈÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆËÈÔ ÈÒÄÇËÈÏÔÝ∇IË∇ϕÏȱÐÍÍËÏÈÄÒÏÝÔÐßÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ Æ ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ∇I Ë ÍËÏËà ÕÒÐÆÏà I[ \ F ˱ÒËÆÄà ϕ[ \ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃ Æ ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÇ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÎÕÍÐÎ αÐÔÍËÙÏÝÎ ÐÔ Ë π ÒËÓ qÐßÔÐÎÕ Æ ÍàÅÐÌ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÎÄÍÐÌI!Fϕ[\ бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ \ ÙÄÓÔÞ ±ÒËαÆÐÌϕ[\ бÄÉÈÔÓÃÒÄÓÑÐÍÐÉÈÏÏÐÌ Æ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË I F Æ «ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÎÈÏÞI[\ FI FÚË× ÊÏÄÙÈÏË̬ Ä ÙÄÓÔÞ µ Æ ÐÅÍÄÓÔËI!FÆ«ÐÅÍÄÓÔËÅÐÍÞÚË×ÊÏÄÙÈÏË̬rËÓI!FI Fϕ[\ ϕ[\ I!FI[\ FI[\ FI Fϕ[\ I[\ FrËÓrËÓÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÆÔÐÙ±È[\ÏÈÔÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÐÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄdÓÍÕÙÄÈÉȱÐÇÄÆȱÔÐÒÝ∇IË∇ϕ±ÐÍÍËÏÈÄÒÏÝ∇I λ∆ϕÙÄÓÔÞ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ϕ[ \ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔÞ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[\ØÈÍ˱ÐÎÍÈÉÄÛÈÌÆÐÅÍÄÓÔËÎÈÏÞÚË×ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌI FÒËÓ ËÍËÆÐÅÍÄÓÔËÅÐÍÞÚË×ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌI!FdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÆÔÐÙ±È[\ÇÐÓÔËÄÈÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆÏÝÌß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎpÇÏıÐÆÓÍÕÙÄȱÐÍÍËÏÈÄÒÏÐÓÔËÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ∇IË∇ϕ±ÒËÆÄÃϕ[\ ÔıÉÈÎÐÉÈÔбÄÊÄÔÞÓÃÒÄÓÑÐÍÐÉÈÏÏÐÌÆÍàÅÐÌÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÎÄÍÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[\ÙÄÓÔËÙÏÐÆÐÅÍÄÓÔËÎÈÏÞÚË×ÄÙÄÓÔËÙÏÐÆÐÅÍÄÓÔËÅÐÍÞÚË×ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌÖÕϱØËËIÒËÓ µÔÐÇÄÆÔÐÙ±È[\ÓÏÐÆÄÏÈÅÕÇÈÔÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄqÐÇÐÅÏÄÃÓËÔÕÄØËÃÆÐÊÏ˱ÄÈÔÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ±ÐÇıÒËÆÝÈI[\ FËϕ[\ ËÎÈàÔÆÔÐÙ±È[\ÐÅÛÕà±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàÑÒËÙÈαÒËÆÄÃI[\ FÒÄÓÑÐÍÐÉÈÏÄÆÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÎÄÍÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[\ÑÐÐÇÏÕÓÔÐÒÐÏÕÐÔßÔÐ̱ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌıÒËÆÄÃϕ[\ ËÎÈÈÔÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÑÈÒÈËÅÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÃÓÐÇÏÐÌÓÔÐÒÐÏݱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÏÄÇÒÕÕàs±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÈÑÐÃÓÏÃÈÔÔÐÐÅÓÔÐÃÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÙÔÐÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏ È Ð Å × Ð Ç Ë Î Ý Î Ï Ð Ï È Ç Ð Ó Ô Ä Ô Ð Ù Ï Ý Î Õ Ó Í Ð Æ Ë È ÎÇÍÃÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄqÒËÆÈÇÈÏÏÝÈÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÈÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËÃÆÐÑÒÐÓÄÐÅÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÎß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÈÒÄÓÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÃàÔÓÃËÏÄÎÏÐÐÎÈÒÏÝÌÓÍÕÙÄÌ ³ÔÂØÊÐÏÂÒÏÝÇÔÐÙÌÊÖÕÏÌØÊÊÂÅÒÂÏÈÂdßÔÐÎÑÕϱÔÈÅÕÇÈÔÇÄÏÐÐÑËÓÄÏËÈÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱÖÕϱØËËmÄÒÄÏÉÄ ÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÐÎÖÕϱØËË J[P [QÆÆÈÇÈÏÏÐÌÆÑ ÓÎqÒÈÇÆÄÒËÔÈÍÞÏÐÇбÄÉÈÎÐÇÏÕÑÒÐÓÔÕàÍÈÎÎÕËÊÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÄÍÈÅÒÝqÕÓÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÄÓËÓÔÈÎÄÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÝ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌDL[DLQ[Q L PËÈÛÈÐÇÏÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈE[EQ[Q sËÓÔÈÎÕ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎÕà ÑÒËÓÐÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÎ ± ÓËÓÔÈÎÈ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ÅÕÇÈÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ ÓÅÔÛÌÓÉÐÐÑÍ ÔÌÔÕÉÏÑ͵ § ® ® ¢ fÎÄ ÕÑÑ ÚÕÑÆÞ ÓÅÔÛÌÓÉÐÐÅÄ ÔÌÔÕÉÏÅ µ ÆÞÎÅ ÓÅÇÐÑÔÌÎßÐÅ ÑÔÐÑÇÐÑÍ ÔÌÔÕÉÏÉ ÐÉÑÆØÑÈÌÏÑ Ì ÈÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÑ ÚÕÑÆÞ ÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÉ ÄÇÎÄÎÑÔß ÎÌÐÉÍÐÑͲÑÏÆÌÐÅÙÌÉÍÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÍÔÌÔÕÉÏÞfÎÄÕÑÑÚÕÑÆÞÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÉÆÞÎÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÑͲÑÏÆÌÐÅÙÌÉÍÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÍÌÎÌÚÕÑÕÑÊÉÚÕÑÆÞÇɲÕÑÓ³ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª §EGHIE EQÆÞÎÎÌÐÉÍÐÑͲÑÏÆÌÐÅÙÌÉÍÇɲÕÑÓÑÇD LGHIDL DLQL PÐÉÑÆØÑÈÌÏÑÌÈÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÑÚÕÑÆÞ²ÅÊÈÑÉÓÉÛÉÐÌÉÔÌÔÕÉÏÞÄÇÎÄÎÑÔßÓÉÛÉÐÌÉÏÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌĦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Í Ç Î Î Ý qÕÓÔÞ ÒÄÏ ÎÄÔÒËØÝ DLM ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆÓËÓÔÈÎÝÒÄÆÈÏPpÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐPPPgÓÍËP PÔÐP´PÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÍËÏÈÌÏÝÎ˱ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÃÎËÐÓÔÄÍÞÏÝ×pÔÅÒÐÓËÆÔÈP´PÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÍËÏÈÌÏÝÎË ±ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÃÎËÐÓÔÄÆÚË×ÓÃÑÐÍÕÙËÎÓËÓÔÈÎÕËÊPÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÕàÓËÓÔÈÎÈÑÒËÙÈÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÍËÏÈÌÏÐ̱ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÔÐÇÄ Ë ÔÐÍޱРÔÐÇÄ ±ÐÇÄ ÐÏÐ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ±ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝËÊÐÓÔÄÆÚË×ÓÃPÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌqÐßÔÐÎÕÅÕÇÈÎÓÓÄÎÐÐÏÄÙÄÍÄÓÙËÔÄÔÞÙÔÐP PÔ ÈÙÔÐÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØÝDLM±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÒÄÆÈÏ P µ ÙËÓÍÕ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌßÔÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝqÕÓÔÞÓËÓÔÈÎÝ˵ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÝÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄË×ÒÈÚÈÏËÌÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÆÓÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÐÓÏÐÆÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÆ×ÐÇÃÔÆÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏÏÕàÓËÓÔÈÎÕµÔбÄÉÇÐÈÒÈÚÈÏËÈÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎÐÓÏÐÆÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÔ ÈÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ ÒÈÚÈÏËÌ ÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏÏÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÒÈÚÈÏËÌ ÐÓÏÐÆÏÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÈÏËÈ ßÔË×ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÕË×ÒÄÊÎÈÒÏÐÓÔÈÌrÄÊÎÈÒÏÐÓÔÞVÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄÒÈÚÈÏËÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÝ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÒÄÆÏııËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÙËÓÍÕÏÈËÊÆÈÓÔÏÝ×QßÔÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝËʱÐÔÐÒÐÐÆÝÙÔÈÏÒÄÏUÎÄÔÒËØݱÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆÓËÓÔÈÎÝV Q´UpÔÓàÇÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÓÔÞÓËÓÔÈÎ˵ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÒÄÏÐÆË×ÎÄÔÒËØrÄÏÎÄÔÒËØݱÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆÓËÓÔÈÎÝÑÐÕÓÍÐÆËàÒÄÆÈÏPÔ ÈÆȱÔÐÒÝÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝrÄÏ ÎÄÔÒËØÝ ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆ ÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏÏÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎݵÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÎÕÆÏÄÚË×ÕÓÍÐÆËÃ×ÔıÉÈÒÄÆÈÏPqÐßÔÐÎÕÆȱÔÐÒÝÓÎËED DPÍËÏÈÌÏÐ ÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ E ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÍËÏÈÌÏÐ̱ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌÆȱÔÐÒÐÆD DPdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÍËÏÈÌÏÄÃÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔÞÆȱÔÐÒÐÆÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔıËÈÙËÓÍĵµ µPÏÈÆÓÈÒÄÆÏÝÈÏÕÍàÙÔеEµDµPDP iÇÈÓÞÊÄÆÈÇÐÎе Ôı±Ä±ÆÑÒÐÔËÆÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÆȱÔÐÒÝD DPбÄÊÄÍËÓÞÅÝÍËÏÈÌÏÐÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÎËqÐÇÈÍËÆÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÏĵÑÐÍÕÙËÎÙÔÐEÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÍËÏÈÌÏÐ̱ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌÆȱÔÐÒÐÆDDPpÅÒÄÔÏÐ ÈÓÍË E ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ±ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌ ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆÔÐÆÓËÓÔÈÎÄ×ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆËËÎÈÈÔÓÃÆÔÐÙÏÐÓÔËÑÐPÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ×ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆÔ ÈÒÄÏËÎÄÔÒËرÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆÓËÓÔÈÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ˵ÒÄÆÏÝjÔı ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ ÙÔÐ ÆȱÔÐÒ E ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ±ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌÆȱÔÐÒÐÆE λDλPDPß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÕ ÒÄÏÐÆ ÎÄÔÒËØ ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ× ÐÓÏÐÆÏÐÌ Ë ÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏÏÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐË×ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÓÔËuÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÃÓÒÄÊÕÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÍÈÎÎÝÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÓËÓÔÈÎÝ˵ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÝÔÐÇÄ Ë ÔÐÍޱРÔÐÇÄ ±ÐÇÄ ±ÄÉÇÐÈ ÒÈÚÈÏËÈ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà µÐÓÔÄÍÞÏÝÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃßÔË×ÓËÓÔÈÎÑÒÐÓÔÐÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È fбÄÊÄÏÏÄà ÍÈÎÎÄ Ë ÈÈ ÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËà ËÎÈàÔ ÑÒÐÓÔÕà ÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Õà ËÏÔÈÒÑÒÈÔÄØËà Æ QÎÈÒÏÐÎ È Æ± Í Ë Ç Ð Æ Ð Î ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ 5Q Ô È Æ QÎÈÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ ÓÐ Ó±ÄÍÃÒÏÝÎ ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÈÎ jÓÑÐÍÞÊÕà ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈÓ±ÄÍÃÒÏÐÐÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÃÓËÓÔÈÎÕÎÐÉÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÆÆËÇÈDL[ L PÄÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ µÆÆËÇÈE[ ÇÈ ÆȱÔÐÒÝ D DP Ë E ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎË ËÄ[ [ [QnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ× ÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ±ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÌ ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆD DPÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ5QËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÒÑÈÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÑÏ ÐÅÕÄÐÖÕÞÏ ÏÄ ßÔË ÇɲÕÑÓÞpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÈÐÙÈÒÈÊ/D DPnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÒÈÚÈÏËÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ÆÓÈ× ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ [ ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝ× ÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÕ /D DP pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎßÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÒÈÚÈÏËÌÙÈÒÈÊ 7pÏÐÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ5QGHIqÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ/ /D DPË7ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃÑÓÕÑÑÐÅÎßÐÞÏÌÈÑÒÑÎÐÉÐÌÄÏÌÇÒÕ±ÇÒÕÕÆÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÉ5QqÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÎÐÓÔÞ ÆȱÔÐÒÄ E Æ ÆËÇÈ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ±ÐÎÅËÏÄØËËÆȱÔÐÒÐÆD DPÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÄÈÐÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÏÐÓÔËÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÕ / / D DP ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ5Q E∈/ ÔÐ ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ Æ ÓÆÐà ÐÙÈÒÈÇÞ ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐ ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÆȱÔÐÒÄ EÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÕ7E % 7±ÐÔÐÒÄÃÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×[∈7ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐE[ Ô ÈÙÔÐÍàÅÐÈÒÈÚÈÏËÈ[ÓËÓÔÈÎÝÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÔÐËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈÎÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÃÍÈÎÎÝi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È oÄÑÐÎÏËÎÎÈÔÐDZÐÔÐÒÝÎÎÐÉÏÐÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞÆÓÈÒÈÚÈÏËÃÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌqÕÓÔÞÓËÓÔÈÎÄÓÐÓÔÐËÔËÊÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ tÐÇÄ ÒÄÏ ÎÄÔÒËØÝ ÈÐ ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆ ÒÄÆÈÏ P ÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÎËÏÐÒßÔÐÌÎÄÔÒËØÝÑÐÒÃDZÄPÏÈÒÄÆÏÝÌÏÕÍàqÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔËD D P D P D PPdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÆÓÈÒÈÚÈÏËÃÓËÓÔÈÎÝÎÐÉÏÐÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞÊÄÇÄÆÄà ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÏËÈ Q¶P ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÆȱÔÐÒÄ[ [QpÓÔÄÍÞÏÝȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÏÄ×ÐÇÃÔÓÃËÊÓËÓÔÈÎÝÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÆÐÊÞÎÈÎÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÈÒÈÚÈÏËÈ[ ( ) [ Q( )ÓËÓÔÈÎÝqÐÓÍÈÑÐÇÓÔÄÏÐƱË( ) [ [ ( )ÆÑÐÍÕÙËÔÓÃÓËÓÔÈÎÄËÊPÍË[P [ PQQÏÈÌÏÝ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓPÏÈËÊÆÈÓÔÏÝÎË[ [PÎÄÔÒËØıÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐƱÐÔÐÒÐÌÆÓËÍÕÕÓÍÐÆËÃÏÈÆÝÒÐÉÇÈÏÏÄÃqÐßÔÐÎÕÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ[ [PÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛËÈÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚÈÌÓÃÓËÓÔÈÎÈqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ[ ( ) [ Q( )ÔıÉÈ( )ÅÝÍÐÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎÓËÓÔÈÎÝÔÐ[ [ ( ) [P [ PqÈÒÈÌÇÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞ±ÄÏÄÍËÊÕÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱÖÕϱØËËmÄÒÄÏÉÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕß×ÖвÙÌÌII IPÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÞÇÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*µ5Q[∈*IL[ L PÌÓÅÐÏÅÕÓÌÙÞ²ÑÆÌ×ÖвÙÌÍI IPÇÕÑÚ²É[ÓÅÇÉÐPfÎÄÕÑÑÚÕÑÆÞÇÕÑÚ²É[ [ ( ) [ Q( )ÓÅÈÌÉÐÕ∇IÄÇÎÄÎÔÄÎÌÐÉÍÐÑͲÑÏÆÌÐÅÙÌÉÍÓÅÈÌÉÐÕÑÇ∇I ∇IPÐÉÑÆØÑÈÌÏÑÌ( ) [ ( )ÆÞÎÅ ÔÕÅÙÌÈÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÑ ÚÕÑÆÞ ÕÑÚ²Å[ [ PQÑÐÅÓÐÑÍÕÑÚ²ÑÍÈÎÄ×ÖвÙÌÌJ[ J[P [QÓÎoÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÈÓÍËÆÔÐÙ±È[ÒÄÇËÈÏÔ∇IÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÍËÏÈÌÏÐ̱ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌ∇I λ∇IλP∇IPÒÄÇËÈÏÔÐÆ∇I ∇IPÔÐßÔÐÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÔÐÎÕÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÖÕϱØËÃmÄÒÄÏÉÄ) I´λI´´λPIPÇÍñÐÔÐÒÐÌÔÐÙ±Ä[ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÐÌ∂) ( [ ) ∂[ LL QÔÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÐ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄà ÊÄÑËÓÞ ÕÓÍÐÆËà Ôı ±Ä± ÆÓËÍÕ∂I∂I∂I P∂) ´λ ´´λP ∂[ L∂[ L∂[ L∂[ LL P¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÐ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÒÄÏ ÎÄÔÒËØÝ ±ÐÅË ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÖÕϱØËÌ I IP Æ ÔÐÙ±È [ ÒÄÆÈÏ P cÕÇÈÎ ÓÙËÔÄÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔ˱ıËÆÑ ÙÔÐ∂( I I P )∂( [ [ P ) [()qÐÇÓÔÄÆËÎ Æ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÓÆÃÊË ÖÕϱØËË ÃÆÍÃàÛËÈÓÃÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎßÔË×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌËÑÒÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚËÈÓà ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [P [Q ÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÄqÐÍÕÙËÎÇÍÃÔÐÙ±Ë[ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄGI[ L PÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÈÇÍÃÍàÅÝ×ÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÌG[P G[QÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ×ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[P [QÏÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ÖÕϱØËÈÌ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÌ ÏÄ ÆÓÈÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈjÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆËÏÆÄÒËÄÏÔÏÐÓÔÞÖÐÒÎÝÑÈÒÆÐÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÄÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×ÑÐÍÕÙËÎÙÔÐÆÔÐÙ±È[ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ∂I∂I∂IGI LL G[ L G[P G[P L G[Q ∂[ ∂[ P∂[ P ∂[ QL PÇÈG[P G[QÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝÄG[ G[PÏÄ×ÐÇÃÔÓÃËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆȱÔÐÒG[ G[G[PG[PG[QÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝpÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÆÓËÍÕÕÓÍÐÆËÃÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃG[ G[PÑÒËÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ×G[P G[QÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÏÄ×ÐÇÃÔÓÃËËÊÓËÓÔÈÎÝ jÊ ÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËà ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÔıÉÈ ÙÔÐ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÎÓÑÐÓÐÅÐÎÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓÃÆÓÈÒÈÚÈÏËÃÓËÓÔÈÎÝsÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÐÓÔÞÔÐÙ±Ë[ÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËJ[ J[P [QÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐGJ[ ÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÆÓËÍÕËÏÆÄÒËÄÏÔÏÐÓÔËÖÐÒÎÝÑÈÒÆÐÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÄÎÐÉÏÐÅÐÍÈÈÑÐÇÒÐÅÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÆÆËÇÈ∂I∂I ∂I ∂I G[ G[P G[P G[Q ∂[ ∂[ P∂[ P ∂[ QÇÈ G[P G[Q ÎÐÉÏÐ ÊÄÇÄÆÄÔÞ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐ Ä G[ G[PÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÏÄ×ÐÇËÔÞËÊ ÖÐÒÎÕÍËÍËÙÔÐÇÄÈÔÔÐÔÉÈ ÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔ ËÊ ÖÐÒÎÕÍ jÏÄÙÈ ÐÆÐÒà ÍàÅÐÈ ÒÈÚÈÏËÈÓËÓÔÈÎÝÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÒÈÚÈÏËÈÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃsÐÍÄÓÏÐÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËàËÊÍÈÎÎÝßÔÐÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÔÐÇÄËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÔÐÇıÐÇÄÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÍËÏÈÌÏÐ̱ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÈÌ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ Ô È ±ÐÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔıËÈÙËÓÍÄλ λPÙÔÐ∇I λ∇IλP∇IPi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËà ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÆÓÈ× ÒÈÚÈÏËÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ ÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔ ÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ 7 ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 5Q ÃÆÍÃàÛÈÈÓà ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝÎ ÇÐÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈαÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÕ/ /∇I ∇IPmàÅÐÌÆȱÔÐÒ\∈7ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÈϱÄÉÇÐÎÕÒÄÇËÈÏÔÕ∇ILÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕÈÐÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÏÄÊÆÄÔÞ ²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÞÏ ÇɲÕÑÓÑÏ Æ ÔÐÙ±È [ ±ËÑÈÒÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË IL[ ÃÆÍÃàÛÈÌÓà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ÕÒÐÆÏÃÓÎ ÖÕϱØËËILL PtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ ÒÈÚÈÏËÌ 7 ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝ× ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐ ±Ð ÆÓÈÎ ËÑÈÒÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÃÎIL[ L PËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÈÐÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐÎ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ÆÓÈ× ËÑÈÒÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌIL[ L P oÄÑÐÎÏËÎ ÙÔÐ ÆȱÔÐÒݱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 7 Ô È ÒÈÚÈÏËà ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÅÝÍËÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏÝÙÈÒÈÊG[ÓÎqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ Æ ÔÐÙ±È ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ∇I∈/ /∇I ∇IP ÔÐ ∇I % 7jÏÄÙÈ ÐÆÐÒà ÒÄÇËÈÏÔ ∇I ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐ ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÈÏ ÆÓÈαÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÎG[±ËÑÈÒÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÃÎIL[ L P∇IG[ ßÔÐÇÒÕÄÃÊÄÑËÓÞÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÔ ÈÒÄÇËÈÏÔ∇IÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÈϱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÕÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÕ7ÆÔÐÙ±È[oÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÆÓÈ×ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝ×±∇IÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔQ´ÎÈÒÏÐÈÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ 7 ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÐÈ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐα ËÑÈÒÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË I[ I[ d ÓËÍÕ Ó±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÆÝÚȱÄÉÇÝÌÆȱÔÐÒËÊ7ÅÕÇÕÙËÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÈÏÒÄÇËÈÏÔÕ∇IÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔ±7Ô È7µ7jÔıÉÔÎÌ[ µÕÑÚ²ÅÖÔÎÑÇÐÑÑà²ÔÕÓÉÏÖÏÅÕÑ7µ7Õ É²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÑÉÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÑÇÕÑÚ²É[ÒÉÓÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÄÇÔÉØÌÒÉÓÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ ËÅÈÅÇÅÉÏÞØ ÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÄÏÌ ÔÇÄËÌ ÔÑÈÉÓÊÌÕÔÄDzÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÑÏÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÉÇÕÑÍÊÉÕÑÚ²ÉÌÒÉÓÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌI[ I[i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È jÊÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÈÛÈÒÄÊÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ dÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÈÓÍË[ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ÔÐ [ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÙ±ÐÌÐÅÝÙÏÐÐ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËJÓÎÑ ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÈÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌqÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÔÐÙ±Ä[ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËË mÄÒÄÏÉÄ Ô È ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆËÈËÍËÙÔÐÔÐÉÈÓÄÎÐÈÕÓÍÐÆËÈ ¦ÐÓÔÂÔÐÙÏÝÇÕÓÍÐÄÊáÆÍáÔÐÙÇÌÕÓÍÐÄÏÐÅÐßÌÓÔÒÇÎÕÎÂd ßÔÐÎ ÑÕϱÔÈ ÔıÉÈ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏÏÝÎË ÆÓÈÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃÏÄÍÐÉÈÏÏÝÈÏÄÖÕϱØËËIËILL PÆÑ qÕÓÔÞP) I ∑ λL ILLµ ÖÕϱØËÃmÄÒÄÏÉÄÓÎÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËIËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓÆÃÊËqÕÓÔÞ[∈*ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎÓÆÃÊË Ë ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÖÕϱØËË mÄÒÄÏÉÄÔ ÈÔÐÙ±Ð̱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔݱÐÔÐÒÐÌÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔÓËÓÔÈÎÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌËoÄÚÈÌØÈÍÞàÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÐÍÕÙÈÏËÈÎÈÔÐÇÄ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÕÓÔÄÏÐÆËÔÞ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÈÇÍÃÔÐÐÙÔÐÅÝ[ÃÆÍÃÍÄÓÞÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÊÄÇÄÙËiÄÎÈÔËÎÑÒÈÉÇÈÆÓÈÐÙÔÐÈÓÍËÔÐÙ±Ä[∈*ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎÓÆÃÊËÔÐ∆I I[´I[ )[´)[ ∆)pÔÓàÇÄÓÒÄÊÕÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐÈÓÍË[ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÐÅÝÙÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËË ) Ô È ∆) ÏÈ ÎÈÏÃÈÔ ÊÏÄ±Ä Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ÔÐ[ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËIfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐËÊÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÙÔÐ ÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÈ ∆I ÇÍà ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝ× ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌ [ Ô ÈÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛË×ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎÓÆÃÊËÔıÉÈÏÈÎÈÏÃÈÔÊÏıÄÔÐÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÈÕÓÍÐÆËÈÐÇÏıÐÏıÍÄÇÝÆÄÈÔÓÍËÚ±ÐÎÓËÍÞÏÐÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏËÈÏÄÑÐÆÈÇÈÏËÈÖÕϱØËËmÄÒÄÏÉÄ)[ÆÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È µ ÐÏÄ ÇÐÍÉÏÄ ËÎÈÔÞ ÐÅÝÙÏÝÌ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎ ÙÔÐÓËÍÞÏÐÓÕÉÄÈÔÐÅÍÄÓÔÞÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÐÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏËÃÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÕÓÍÐÆËÃÑÒË ÒÈÚÈÏËË ÊÄÇÄÙ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ØÈÍÈÓÐÐÅÒÄÊÏÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞ ÅÐÍÈÈÐÅÛËÌÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÌÑÒËÊÏıÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄqÕÓÔÞÖÕϱØËËII IPÇÆÄÉÇÝÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ËÒÄÇËÈÏÔÝ∇I∇I ∇IPÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÆßÔÐÌÔÐٱȴ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÆÐÓÔÂÔÐÙÏÝÇ ÕÓÍÐÄÊá ÆÍá ÕÓÍÐÄÏÐÅÐ ßÌÓÔÒÇÎÕΠqÖÔÕßÕÑÚ²Å[ÖÈÑÇÎÉÕÇÑÓÄÉÕÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÄÏÔÇÄËÌÌÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÔÕÅÙÌÑÐÅÓÐÑÍÕÑÚ²ÑÍ×ÖвÙÌÌmÅÓÅÐÊÅÕ É∂) ( [ ( ) ) ∂[ LL QgÔÎÌÇÕÑÓÑÍÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÅÎQG)[ ∑L, M∂)( [() ) G[L G[M ∂[ L ∂[ M×ÖвÙÌÌmÅÓÅÐÊÅÇÕÑÚ²É[ÒÓÌÐÌÏÅÉÕÕÑÎß²ÑÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÞÉÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÞÉËÐÅÚÉÐÌÄÒÓÌÇÔÉØËÐÅÚÉÐÌÄØG[G[ G[QÐÉÓÅÇÐÞØÑÈÐÑÇÓÉÏÉÐÐÑÐÖÎáÌÖÈÑÇÎÉÕÇÑÓÄáÜÌØ ÒÓÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÑÇÅÐÐÞÏÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÄÏÔÇÄËÌÕ ÉÖÓÅÇÐÉÐÌÄÏ∂I N[ ( )∂I N[ ( )∂I N[ ( ) G[ G[ G[Q ∂[ ∂[ ∂[ QN QÕÑÕÑÚ²Å[ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÕÑÚ²ÑÍÔÕÓÑÑÑÖÔÎÑÇÐÑÑÏÌÐÌÏÖÏÅÏŲÔÌÏÖÏÅgÔÎÌÒÓÌÕÉØÊÉÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÌÄØÐÅËÐÅÚÉÐÌÄÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÅÎÑÇ G[ G[ G[Q ÇÕÑÓÑÍ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÅÎ ×ÖвÙÌÌmÅÓÅÐÊÅ ÒÓÌÐÌÏÅÉÕ ²Å² ÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÞÉ ÕŲ Ì ÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÞÉËÐÅÚÉÐÌÄÕÑÇÕÑÚ²É[ÖÔÎÑÇÐÑÑà²ÔÕÓÉÏÖÏÅÐÉÕ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð jÊ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ÒÄÇËÈÏ∂I∂[ MÔÐÆ∇I∇I ∇IPÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÒÄÏÎÄÔÒËØݱÐÅË L ÒÄÆÈÏPÔ ÈÕßÔÐÌÎÄÔÒËØÝÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÏÈÒÄÆÏÝÌÏÕÍàÎËÏÐÒÑÐÒÃDZÄPqÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔË∂( I I I P )∂( [ [ [ P ) [[()tÐÇÄÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝÈ[[ [PÆÓËÍÕÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓÆÃÊËIN N PÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÖÕϱØËÃÎËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[P[P [Q[N ϕN[P[P [QN P Ô ÈÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÒÈÚÈÏËÃÎËÓËÓÔÈÎÝÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌdÐÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÈÎÓÃÔÈÎÙÔÐÔÐÙ±Ä[ [ ( ) [ ( ) [ Q( )ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÓÔÒÐÐÐ ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄ ÖÕϱØËË ÑÒËÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËË ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ ÓÆÃÊË ÔÐÇÄ Ë ÔÐÍޱРÔÐÇÄ( ) [ ( ) [ ( ) ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÙ±Ð̱ÐÇÄ ÔÐÙ±Ä [ [ PPQÐÅÝÙÏÐÐÓÔÒÐÐÐÍбÄÍÞÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËI [ Iϕ[ϕ[ ϕP[[[ [P[P [QÇÍÃßÔÐÐÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ Ñ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÙÔÐÅÝGI [ Ä ÆÔÐÒÐÌ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍ GI [ ÅÝÍ ÊÏıÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÌ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÐÌdÝÙËÓÍËÎßÔËÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝfÍÃÕÇÐÅÓÔÆÄÖÕϱØËËINN PƱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝÈ[[ [PÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÖÕϱØËÃÎËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [P[P [QÅÕÇÈÎÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞI NI N INϕ[ϕ[ ϕP[[P [QN PqÕÓÔÞQ) I ∑ λNINNµ ÖÕϱØËà mÄÒÄÏÉÄ ÇÍà ÔÐÙ±Ë [ Ô È ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ [ ( )[ ( ) [ Q( )ßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËËÙËÓÍÄλλ λPÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÒÈÚÈÏËQÈÎÓËÓÔÈÎÝÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌËËÑÕÓÔÞ ) I ∑ λNI NNqÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆÆÑÐÍÕÙËÎÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÄ I NN PÑÒÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÐÆÄƱÐÔÐÒÝÈÆÔÐÙ±È[ÑÐÍÕÙËÎGI N N PÔ ÈÆÓËÍÕÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÖÐÒÎÝÊÄÑËÓËÑÈÒÆÐÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÄÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×Q∑L ∂IN G[L∂[ LN PiÇÈÓÞG[PG[P G[QÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÄÎËÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÃÎË ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ× ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× Ä G[ Gϕ[ G[Gϕ[ G[P GϕP[ µÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÄÎËÖÕϱØËÌdÝÙËÓÍËÎÑÈÒÆÝÌÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÖÕϱØËËI ÆÔÐÙ±È[PPGI GI ∑ λN GI N GI ∑ λNI N G)NNP∂) G[L ∑ N ∂[ Ld±ÐÏØÈÑÒÐÆÈÇÈÏÏÐÌÆݱÍÄDZËÅÝÍÄÓÏÐÆÄËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÏÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔÞÖÐÒÎÝÊÄÑËÓËÑÈÒÆÐÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÄÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×fËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÃÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÄÑÐÍÕÙËÎGI NN PÇÈÑÐÑÒÈÉÏÈÎÕÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝG[G[ G[QÓÆÃÊÄÏÝÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÃÎË tÈÑÈÒÞ ÇÍà ÆÔÐÒÐÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÄÖÕϱØËËËÎÈÈÎQQGI GI ∑ λN GI N GI ∑ λNI N G ) NNQQQ∂)∂) G[L ∑ G[L G[M ∑ G[LGG ) G ∑ [[[∂∂∂L L ∂[ LLLML, M QjÔı ∑L, M∂)∂) G[L G[M[∂L ∂[ MQGI [ ∑L, M∂ )[ ( ) G[L G[M ∂[ L ∂[ MÇÈ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝ G[ G[ G[Q ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔ ÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÃÎqÐßÔÐÎÕÈÓÍËÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝG[G[ G[QÏÈÆÓÈÒÄÆÏÝÈÏÕÍàÓÆÃÊÄÏÝÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÃÎËËÇÍÃÏË×QG)[ ∑L, M∂ )[ ( ) G[L G[M! ∂[ L ∂[ MÔÐÆÓËÍÕÇÍÃÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÆG[PG[P G[QÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞGI [!qÒËßÔÐÎÏÈÆÓÈßÔËÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝÒÄÆÏÝÏÕÍàdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÕÓÍÐÆËÈÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÞ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÆG[ G[ G[Q ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ ÏÈ ÒÄÆÈÏ ÏÕÍà ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÄà ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÒÄÊÒÈÚËÎÄ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÆG[G[ G[PËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐßÔËÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝ ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÍËÏÈÌÏÝÎË ±ÐÎÅËÏÄØËÃÎË ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÆG[PG[P G[QpÔÓàÇÄËÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔÐÆÓÍÕÙÄÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÏÕÍàÆÓÈ×ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÆG[PG[P G[QÅÝÍËÅÝÒÄÆÏÝÏÕÍàÆÐÐÅÛÈÆÓÈÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝG[G[ G[QjÊÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÔÐÙ±Ä[ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÓÔÒÐÐÐ ÍбÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÎËÏËÎÕÎÄ ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËË I ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÔÐÙ±Ä[ µÔÐÙ±ÄÓÔÒÐÐÐÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐÎËÏËÎÕÎÄÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËIÑÒËÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÓÆÃÊËbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÔÐÌ ÉÈ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ Ñ ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓÃÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÈÕÓÍÐÆËÃÇÍÃÔÐÙ±ËÓÔÒÐÐÐÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐÎıÓËÎÕÎÄËÇÍÃÐÔÓÕÔÓÔÆËÃÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÙÔÐÅÝ ËÓÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÞ ÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÕà ÔÐÙ±ÕÖÕϱØËË mÄÒÄÏÉÄ ÏÄ ÕÓÍÐÆÏÝÌ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎ ÏÄÇÐ ËÓÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÞ ÏÄ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔÞ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÕà ÖÐÒÎÕ Ô ÈÆÔÐÒÐÌÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÖÕϱØËËmÄÒÄÏÉÄÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÑÒËÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËË ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ ÓÆÃÊË ±ÐÇÄ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝ G[LL QÓÆÃÊÄÏÝÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÃÎËqÒËßÔÐÎÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÎÈÔÞ Æ ÆËÇÕ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË ÆÔÐÒÐÌ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍ ÖÕϱØËËmÄÒÄÏÉÄ Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È Ð±ÄÉÈÔÓà ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÎËÅÈÊÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÃÕÓÍÐÆËÌÓÆÃÊËÔÐÐÏÅÕÇÈÔÔıÐÆÝαÐÏÈÙÏÐËÑÒËË×ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËËqÕÓÔÞÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÔÒÈÅÕÈÔÓÃÏÄÌÔËÔÐÙ±Ëß±ÓÔÒÈÎÕÎÄÖÕϱØËËI[\ [\±ÐÇÄÔÐÙ±Ä[\ÍÈÉËÔÏÄÑÒÃÎÐÌ[´\ vÕϱØËÈÌ mÄÒÄÏÉÄ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÖÕϱØËÃ)))[\ [\´λ[´\ËÔı±Ä±∂ \´λ∂ [λÔÐÇÍÃÐÑ∂[∂\ÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÓÔÄØËÐÏÄÒÏÝ× ÔÐÙȱ ÖÕϱØËË )[ \ ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛË×ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎÓÆÃÊËËÎÈÈÎÓËÓÔÈÎÕÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ[´\ \´λ [λ ËʱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ[ \ λ jÓÓÍÈÇÕÈÎ Æ ÔÐÙ±È ÆÔÐÒÐÌ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍ ÖÕϱØËË)[\ÑÒËÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËËÕÓÍÐÆËÌÓÆÃÊËÔ È±ÐÇÄG[´G\ jÎÈÈÎG) G[ G\ËÊÏÄÙËÔÑÒËÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËËÕÓÍÐÆËÌÓÆÃÊËG) G[OÔ È ÆÔÐÒÐÌ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍ ÃÆÍÃÃÓÞ ÏÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐ̱ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÐÌ ÑÒË ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËË ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ ÓÆÃÊË ÑÒÈÆÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÕà±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÕàÖÐÒÎÕ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÓÔÒÐÐ ÕÓÍÐÆÏÐÐÎËÏËÎÕÎÄÇÍÃÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÏÐÌÊÄÇÄÙËdÑÒÐÙÈÎÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈßÔÐÍȱÐÕÓÎÐÔÒÈÔÞËÓÒÄÊÕÆÇÐÍÞÑÒÃÎÐÌ[´\ ÖÕϱØËÃI[\ [\ÑÒËÎÈÔÆËÇI[[ [ËÎÈÃÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÆÔÐÙ±È[ ÓÔÒÐËÌÎËÏËÎÕÎ¥ÍÂÄ ªÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÞÏÐÇÊÓÙÊÓÍÇÏÊÇÖÕÏÌØÊËÎÏÐÅÊ×ÑÇÒÇÎÇÏÏÝ× ¬ÒÂÔÏÝÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÝ ±ÐÏáÔÊÇÐÃÜÇÎÂÄQÎÇÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÂÏÓÔÄÇÎÇÒ¨ÐÒÆÂϪÉÎÇÒÊÎÝÇÎÏÐÈÇÓÔÄÂoÄÑÐÎÏËÎ ±ÒÄԱРÐÓÏÐÆÏÝÈ ÑÐÏÃÔËà ÓÆÃÊÄÏÏÝÈ Ó ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÎQÎÈÒÏÐÐÐÅÜÈÎÄÑÍÐÛÄÇËÆÓÍÕÙÄÈQ ËÇÄÇËÎÏÐÆÐÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÑÐÏÃÔËà ÐÅÜÈÎÄ ÎÈÒÝ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈÅÕÇÈÔÐÔÍËÙÄÔÞÓÃÐÔÆÆÈÇÈÏÏÐÐÒÄÏÈÈÓÎÑ qÕÓÔÞ 5Q ¶ QÎÈÒÏÐÈ ÈƱÍËÇÐÆÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ ÔÐÙȱ [[[QÇÈ[LL Q ¶±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝÔÐÙ±Ë[ÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔQ nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔÐÙȱ[∈5Q±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ[LL Q±ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔÍËÏÈÌÏÐÎÕÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËàÆËÇÄD[DQ[QD D D Q!DL ¶ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÈ ÙËÓÍÄ L Q ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÌÒÉÓÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕßáÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ5QqÒËQ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÑÐÏÃÔËÈÎÐÅÝÙÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ5sÈÎÈÌÓÔÆÐÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ×ËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÈÌP P ¥¥L Q[L NN ¶Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÐN «ÒÄÊÅËÆÄÈÔ¬ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ5QÏÄQÎÈÒÏÝÈÊÄαÏÕÔÝȱÕÅÝÆËÇÄPP L L Q 4Q [LN P[LPNÇÈPLÑÒËL QÑÒÐÅÈÄàÔÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÇÒÕÐÔÇÒÕÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÆÓÈ×ØÈÍÝ×ÙËÓÈÍlÕÅÝ ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ²ÖÆÅÏÌ ÓÅÐÅ N Ë Ë× ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÃÙÈÒÈÊ7NN nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÆÓÈ× ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÑбÒÝÆÄÈÔ ÆÓÈÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐÔ È5Q 4Q` N4Q∈7fÆıÕÅÄÐÇÏÐÐÒÄÏÄÎÐÕÔËÎÈÔÞƱÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÐÅÛË×ÔÐÙȱÍËÚÞÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈÓÆÐËÒÄÏËÙÏÝÈÔÐÙ±ËdÓÍÕÙÄÈQ ±ÕÅÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÐÔÒÈʱÐÎÄÆÓÍÕÙÄÈQ µ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔÐÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà QÎÈÒÏÝÎ ÐÅÜÈÎÐÎ QÎÈÒÏÐÌ ÎÈyËÓÍÐ NQÒÐ̱ÕÅÄËÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÃÙÈÒÈʵ4QGHIµ4Q ´NQfÍÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ6ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛÈÐÓÐÅÐÌÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËȱÐÏÈÙÏÐÐËÍËÓÙÈÔÏÐÐÙËÓÍÄÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝ×±ÕÅÐÆ4 MQÇÄÏÏÐÐÒÄÏÄNM 6 ` 4 MQ 4 MQ∈7NMÈÐQÎÈÒÏÝÌÐÅÜÈÎQÎÈÒÏÄÃÎÈÒĵ6ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÎGHIµ6∑ µ 4 MQMpÙÈÆËÇÏе6µÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÙËÓÍÐËÍËnÈÒÄ µ ÑÕÓÔÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÑÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÑÐÍÄÄÈÔÓÃÒÄÆÏÐÌÏÕÍൠqÕÓÔÞÔÈÑÈÒÞ( ¶ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÆ5QpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊVN VN(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔÐÙȱÆÓÈ×QÎÈÒÏÝ×±ÕÅÐÆÒÄÏÄNØÈÍ˱ÐÎÍÈÉÄÛË× Æ ( Ä ÙÈÒÈÊ 6N 6N( ¶ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÔÐÙȱ ÆÓÈ× QÎÈÒÏÝ× ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N ±ÄÉÇÝÌ ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃÓÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ(ÑÐÏÈÑÕÓÔÐÎÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕN 4QVN( 4Q`⊂ (` 4Q4Q∈7N6N( 4Q(≠∅`rËÓtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÆÓÈ ±ÕÅÝ ÒÄÏÄ NÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÈÓÃÆVNÍÈÉÄÔÆÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ıÕÅÝÒÄÏÄNÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÈÓÃ Æ 6N ÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔ ÑбÒÝÔËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÒËÓ Ô ÈVN(µ(µ6N(qÒËßÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ÍÈÉËÔ«ÓÔÒÐÐÆÏÕÔÒˬÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱Ä6N 6N(Ô ÈÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃÓÈÐÒÄÏËØÈÌ∂6NfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÔÐÙ±Ä[∈( ∂6NÏÈÎÐÉÈÔÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÔÞÔı±Ä±ÅÕÇÕÙË ÒÄÏËÙÏÐÌ ÇÍà 6N ÐÏÄ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÍÄ ÅÝ ÒÄÏË ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐ ±ÕÅÄ ÒÄÏÄ N qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÈ ±ÕÅÝ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝ ÑÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ豀 6N ± ÏÈÎÕ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÍË ÅÝ Ë ÆÓÈ ±ÕÅÝ ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÈ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÕà ÒÄÏÞËÅÐ ÐÏÄ ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔ ÔÐÙ±Õ [∈( tÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ ßÔÄ ÔÐÙ±Ä ÏÈ ÅÝÍÄÅÝÒÄÏËÙÏÐÌÇÍÃ6NpÙÈÆËÇÏÐ`VµVµµVNµVNµ6¬6¬¬6N¬6N¬ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÓËÍÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËõVPµVPPµVNPµVNPµ6Oµ6OOµ6NOµ6NOfÍÃÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÙÔÐÆÓËÍÕƱÍàÙÈÏËÃVNµ6NÇÍÃÆÓÈ×N ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆĵVNPµ6NtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÑÐÍÕÙËÍËÓÞ ÇÆÈ ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÝÈ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÙÍÈÏÄÎË ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÝ ÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏÏÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÝ×ÙËÓÈÍ 5ÓÎÑ ÄËÎÈÏÏÐ ÍËÅÐ ÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÈ ÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÝÈ ÙËÓÍÄ ÍËÅÐ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( µ 5Q ÆÓÈÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÈËÍËÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÈÑÒÈÇÈÍÝOLP µVN(Ë OLP µ6N(N→N→ÑÒËßÔÐÎÆÓËÍÕÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔƵVNPµ6NÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐOLP µVN(P OLP µ6N(N→N→°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ lÑÐÉÚÐÞÍÌÎÌÆÉÔ²ÑÐÉÚÐÞÍÒÓÉÈÉÎ OLP µVN(N→ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÐÌÊÐÉÍÌÎÌÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÉÍQÏÉÓÐÑÍÏÉÓÑÍhÑÓÈÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(ÌÑÆÑËÐÅÚÅÉÕÔÄÚÉÓÉ˵(GHIµ( OLP µVN(N→ÅÒÓÉÈÉÎ OLP µ6N(ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÇÉÓØÐÉÍÌÎÌÇÐÉÛÐÉÍQÏÉÓN→ÐÑÍÏÉÓÑÍhÑÓÈÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅgÌÑÆÑËÐÅÚÅÉÕÔÄÚÉÓÉ˵(GHIµ( OLP µ6N(N→ÓÏÐÙÔÐ P µ(Pµ(gÔÎÌÐÌÊÐÄĵ(ÌÇÉÓØÐÄĵ(ÏÉÓÞÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(²ÑÐÉÚÐÞ Ì ÔÑÇÒÅÈÅáÕ ÕÑ ÑÐÑ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÏ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ pÆÜÉÉ ËÐÅÚÉÐÌÉ ÐÌÊÐÉÍ Ì ÇÉÓØÐÉÍ ÏÉÓÞ hÑÓÈÅÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ( ÑÆÑËÐÅÚÅÉÕÔÄ ÚÉÓÉË µ( Ì ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄQÏÉÓÐÑÍÏÉÓÑÍhÑÓÈÅÐÅÌÎÌQÏÉÓÐÞÏÑÆÝÉÏÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(µ( µ( µ(jÏÐÇÄ ÆÎÈÓÔÐ µ( ÅÕÇÈÎ ÑËÓÄÔÞ µQ( ÇÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÑÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÕÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÒÈÙÞ ËÇÈÔ Ð ÎÈÒÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ g ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐбıÑÐÇÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐËÎÈÏÏÐQÎÈÒÏÐÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄd ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÇÍà ÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝ ÎÈÒÕ hÐÒÇÄÏÄ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÙÄÓÔÐÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞÑÒÐÓÔÐÏÉÓÑÍÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÑÒÐÓÔÐÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÏqÐÇ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ±Ä± ßÔÐ ÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔ ÓÄÎÓÎÝÓÍ ÓÍÐÆÄ «ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ̬ Æ ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔË±È ÑÐÇÒÄÊÕÎÈÆÄÈÔÓÃÔıÐÈ ÔÐÙÈÙÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ Æ 5Q ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÎÐÉÏÐ ±Ä±ËÎÔÐ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎËÊÎÈÒËÔÞÔ ÈÓÐÑÐÓÔÄÆËÔÞÈÎÕÑÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÎÑÒÄÆËÍÄÎ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ÃÆÍÃàÛÈÈÓà ÐÅÜÈÎÐÎ Æ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÑÍÐÛÄÇÞà Æ ÇÆÕÎÈÒÏÐÎ Ë ÇÍËÏÐÌÆ ÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎ gÓÍË ÒÄÊÎÈÒÏÐÓÔÞ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄQO ÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÆßÔÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÔıÉÈ ²ÖÆÌÓÖÉÏÞÏ Ä Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Q µ ²ÇÅÈÓÌÓÖÉÏÞÏtÈÒÎËÏÝ«±ÕÅËÒÕÈÎÐÈ˱ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆЬÐÔÒÄÉÄàÔÔÐÔ ÖÄ±Ô ÙÔÐ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÈ ÆÝÚÈ ËÊÎÈÒÈÏËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÐαÕÅÐÆÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏбÆÄÇÒÄÔÐÆqÒÐÓÔÝÎÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÈÎÏÈÔÒÕÇÏÐÑÒÐÆÈÒËÔÞÙÔÐÈÓÍËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝ× QÎÈÒÏÝ× ±ÕÅÐÆ Q ÇÄÏÏÐÐ ÒÄÏÄ ÔÐÐÏÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÐËÈÐÎÈÒÄhÐÒÇÄÏÄÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÎÈÒÐÌÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÌÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÎpÔÎÈÔËÎ ÈÛÈ ÙÔÐ ÍȱРÔıÉÈ ÕÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÈÔÓà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔÞ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× Ë ÑÐÍÕÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× QÎÈÒÏÝ× ±ÕÅÐÆ Ó ÒÈÅÒÄÎËÇÍËÏÝ K Ô È ±ÕÅÐÆ ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÝ× ÑÒË ±ÄÉÇÐÎ L QÐÇÏËÎ ËÊ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆ ÆËÇÄ [ L( ) [L [ L( ) K ËÍË [ L( ) P [L [ L( )KËÍË [ L( ) [LP [ L( )KËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆе4 KQfÍÃÍàÅÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÑÒ˱ÄÉÇÐÎN ÐÙÈÆËÇÏеVN(Oµ6N(OqÈÒÈÌÇñÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÑÒËN{ÑÐÍÕÙËε(Oµ(OpÔÓàÇÄÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÎÈÒÝhÐÒÇÄÏÄfÎÄ ÇÔIJÑÑ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇŵ(OfÄÍÈÈÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÆÓËÍÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÌËÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÄà ËÍË ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÄÃÏËÉÏÃÃËÆÈÒ×ÏÃÃÎÈÒÝhÐÒÇÄÏÄÑÒËßÔÐÎPµ(Pµ(pÔÓàÇÄ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË ÆÈÒ×ÏÃà ÎÈÒÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍàµ( ÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ˵( gÓÍËÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ËÎÈÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃÃÔÐÙ±ÄÔÐÏÄÌÇÈÔÓÃÔıÐÌÏÐÎÈÒNÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ V N (ÅÕÇÈÔÏÈÑÕÓÔÝÎÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏеV N (!ÐÔ±ÕÇÄÆÓËÍÕËÅÕÇÈÔ ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ µ( ! d ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÈÓÍË [ ¶ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÔÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈ ε ! ÙÔÐÓÖÈÒËÙÈÓ±ÄÃбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8[εÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆ(qÐßÔÐÎÕÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÆÊÃÔÞ ÔıÐÌ ÒÄÏ N ÙÔÐÅÝ ÇÍËÏÄ ÇËÄÐÏÄÍË ±ÕÅÄÒÄÏÄNÅÝÍÄÎÈÏÞÚÈε±NQ εtÐÇÄ ±ÕÅ 4Q ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÌ ÔÐÙ±Õ [ ÔıÐÌ ±ÕÅ ÑбÒÄÌÏÈÌÎÈÒÈÐÇËÏÆÓÈÇÄÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÅÕÇÈÔØÈÍ˱ÐÎÍÈÉÄÔÞÆÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈV N (ÒËÓ qÐßÔÐÎÕµV N (Oµ4Q!tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÈÓÍË Õ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ËÎÈÈÔÓà ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃÃÔÐÙ±Ä ÔÐ ÈÐ ÏËÉÏÃà ÎÈÒÄ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÄ µ( O µV N ( ! dÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÐÌÊÐÄÄÏÉÓÅhÑÓÈÅÐÅÍàÅÐÐÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÑÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ*ÆÓÈÇÄÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐŵ*!dÈÒÏÐ Ë ÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÈ ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈ ÈÓÍ˵(!ÔÐÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë d ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ4QOLP µVN( µ( ! ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÕN→[ÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÌ ÏÐÎÈÒ N ÙÔÐ µV N ( ! ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ Æ ÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÙÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐV N ( ÏÈ ÑÕÓÔÐ Ä Ôı ±Ä± ÐÏÐ ÓÐÓÔÐà ËÊ(QÎÈÒÏÝ× ±ÕÅÐÆ ËÎÈÈÔ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ËV N (µ(ÔÐËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ËÎÈÈÔÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈÔÐÙ±ËrËÓoÄÑÐÎÏËÎ ÙÔÐ ÇËÄÐÏÄÍÞ QÎÈÒÏÐÐ ±ÕÅÄ Ó ÒÈÅÒÐÎ ÇÍËÏÝ D ÒÄÆÏÄD QpÔÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÌ ÏÄÎË ÒÄÏÈÈ Æ Ñ ÐÅÜÈÎÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔ Ó ÈÐ ÏËÉÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÐÌ hÐÒÇÄÏÄpÇÏıÐÇÍÃÑÐÓÔÒÐÈÏËÃÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÐÅÛÈÐÄÏÄÍÐÄËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ rËÎÄÏÄ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÖÕϱØËÌ ÎÏÐË× ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× ÑÐÏÃÔËÈÔÐÍޱРÏËÉÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÝ hÐÒÇÄÏÄ Ð±ÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÏÈÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÎfÍÃßÔÐÌØÈÍËÐÙÈÏÞÕÇÐÅÏÐÑÐÏÃÔËÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄgÓÍËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐÔе(˵(ÆÓÈÇıÐÏÈÙÏÝfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐËÊÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ ÐÏÐ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓà ÔÐÍÞ±Ð Ó ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ±ÕÅÐÆÏÕÍÈÆÐÐ ÒÄÏÄ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ 6( ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÙËÓÍıÕÅÐÆqÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÏе6( oÐÑÒËÍàÅÐÎN qÐßÔÐÎÕVN(µ6N(µ6(PµVN(Pµ6N(Pµ6(pÔÓàÇÄÑÈÒÈÌÇñÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÑÒËN{ÑÐÍÕÙËÎPµ(Pµ(Pµ6( Ô ÈÎÈÒݵ(˵(±ÐÏÈÙÏÝgÓÍË ÉÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐ ÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ N ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ 6N( ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ±ÐÍËÙÈÓÔÆÄ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N qÐßÔÐÎÕ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÇÍÃÆÓÈ×NËÎÈÈε6N( ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ˵( Ô ÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ÊÄÆÈÇÐÎÐÏÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐpÔÓàÇÄÉÔÎÌÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÕÑÑÐÑÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÑlıÅÝÍÐÐÔÎÈÙÈÏÐÆÝÚÈÆÑ ÑÒËÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËËÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÑÍÐÓ±Ë× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÎÝ ÐÒÄÏËÙËÍËÓÞ ÍËÚÞ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÎÈÒÐÌ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ fÍà ÓÍÕÙÄà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃà ÎÈÒÄ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔ Ó ÎÈÒÐÌ pÇÏıРÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃà ÎÈÒÄ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÌ ËÇÍà ÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ßÔÐ ÐÅÓÔÐÃÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÍÐÓÞ ÑÒË ÆÝÃÓÏÈÏËË ÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ÐÐ ÓÎÝÓÍÄ ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ Ë ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃà ÎÈÒÄÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÎÈÒÐÌhÐÒÇÄÏÄlı ÏËÉÏÃà Ôı Ë ÆÈÒ×ÏÃà ÎÈÒÝ hÐÒÇÄÏÄ ÐÅÍÄÇÄàÔ ÔıÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÝÎÓ Æ Ð Ì Ó Ô Æ Ð ÎÎ Ð Ï Ð Ô Ð Ï Ï Ð Ó Ô ËsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎÈÐÆÆËÇÈÍÈÎÎÝ § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌgµ(Õѵ(Pµ(µ(Pµ(ÔÐ ÆÝÔȱÄÈÔ ÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ËÊ ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÆÓÈ× NÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝƱÍàÙÈÏËÃVN(µVN(6N(µ6N(Ôı ±Ä± ÑÈÒÆÐÈ ËÊ ÏË× ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ ±ÕÅ ÒÄÏÄ N ÍÈÉÄÛËÌ Æ(ÍÈÉËÔËÆ(ÄÆÔÐÒÐȵÙÔбÕÅÒÄÏÄNÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛËÌÓÃÓÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ(ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃËÓ(jÔÐËÇÒÕÐÈÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÃ(µ(jÊÆÓËÍÕÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔƵVN(PµVN(µ6N(Pµ6N(uÓÔÒÈÎËÆÊÇÈÓÞN±ÑÐÍÕÙËÎÆÑÒÈÇÈÍÈgÔÎÌgµ(̵( Õѵ( fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÓËÍÕÍÈÎÎݳ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª §Pµ(Pµ( µ( sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏе( ÐÔ±ÕÇĵ( jÊ ÍÈÎÎÝ ÇÍà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÆÝÔȱÄÈÔ ÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ ÑÓÒÓ×ÓÒÒÓÖ×à ÑËÕß gÔÎÌ ( Ì ( ¶ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÉ ÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ Ì(µ (Õѵ(Pµ( § ® ® ¢ ÑÐÍÕÂÆÆÊÔÊÄÏÐÓÔÞ ÄÇÒ×ÏÇË ÎÇÒÝ fÎÄ ÎáÆÑÍ ²ÑÐÉÚÐÑÍÔÑÇѲÖÒÐÑÔÕÌÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ(((PÌÏÉÉÕÏÉÔÕÑÐÉÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑPPµM` (MP ∑ µ(M¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð fÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐPP6N M` (M M` 6N(MMdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍȱÄÉÇÝ̱ÕÅÒÄÏÄN±ÐÔÐÒÝÌÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃÓÎÏÐPÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ M` (MÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃ×ÐÔÃÅÝÓÐÇÏËÎËÊÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(MËÏÄÐÅÐÒÐÔqÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓËÍÕPPPµ6N M` (M µ M` 6N(MP ∑ µ6N(MMMqÈÒÈÌÇÃÊÇÈÓÞ±ÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÑÒËN{ÑÐÍÕÙËγ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª § pÆÝÉÈÌÐÉÐÌÉ ²ÑÐÉÚÐÑÑ ÚÌÔÎÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ ÏÉÓÞÐÖÎßÌÏÉÉÕÏÉÓÖÐÖÎßfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÈÓÍË µ(L M P ÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕPPPµM` (MP M` µ(M M` µ(M PsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ M` (M ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ Ë ÈÐ ÆÈÒ×ÏÃà ÎÈÒÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÎÈÒÄÒÄÆÏÝÏÕÍàPµ M` (M uqrbhogoj qбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ÓÙÈÔÏÐÌ ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÉÐÒÇÄÏÐÆÐÌÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÎÐÉÈÔÏÈËÎÈÔÞÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞ fбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÈÓÍË(Ë( ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÔе(`(Pµ(µ(u ± Ä Ê Ä Ï Ë ÈqÐÍÈÊÏÐÆÐÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÔÞÓÃÔÈÐÒÈÎÐÌËÊÑ cÕÇÈÔÍËßÔÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÆÓÈÇÄÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÎÔ ÈÅÈÊÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃÐÅÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(Ë(" qÒËÆÈÓÔËÑÒËÎÈÒÔıË×ÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛË×ÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(Ë(ÙÔе(`( µ(µ(rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÓÆÃÊÞÎÈÉÇÕËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔÞàÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄË ÎÈÒÐÌ ÈÐ ÒÄÏËØÝ qÒÈÇÆÄÒËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÇÈÍÄÈÎ ÏÈÓ±ÐÍޱРÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÌiÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈmàÅÐÈÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËȱÐÏÈÙÏÐÐËÍËÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÇÄÏÏÐÐ ÒÄÏÄ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÕÓÔÞ ^4L` µ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ËÍË ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆбÕÅÐÆÇÄÏÏÐÐÒÄÏÄN( `4LMË [∈ ( ±Ä± ÆÓÈÇÄ ( ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (màÅÄà ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÄà бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ±Ä± Ë ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÍàÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 5Q ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓà ÍËÚÞ Ó ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐαÕÅÐÆÒÄÏÄNËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÓÍÄÄÈÎÝ×4 L M PÓÕÎÎÝ`4LqÐßÔÐÎÕMLP[∈ M` 4 L MqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ±ÕÅÝ4LÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÊÄαÏÕÔÝÎËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËËÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËȱÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÊÄαÏÕÔÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÓÏÐÆÄÈÓÔÞÊÄαÏÕÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔÐPPtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ` 4 L M` 4 L M MMPM`[∈ M` 4 L `4L (L`jÔı ËÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËà [∈ ( ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ [∈( ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐ ( (ÔÈÙÔÐ(µÊÄαÏÕÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐfÍÃÆÓñÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ( 5QÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊσN σN(ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛË×ÓÃ Æ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ 6N 6N(ÏÐÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛË×ÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈVN VN(σN σN(GHI`4∈7N4∈6N4∉VN4jÊ ßÔÐÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ 6N ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËʱÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N ±ÄÉÇÝÌ ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔ ÍËÅÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕVN(ÍËÅÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕσN(6N VN`σNÑÒËÙÈÎ Ï˱ıÐÌ ±ÕÅ ÒÄÏÄ N ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔ ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎVNËσNqÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàµ6N µVNµσNd ÓËÍÕ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ σN Ôı ÉÈ ±Ä± ËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ VNË6NÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈαÕÅÐÆÐÇÏÐÐÒÄÏÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓÈßÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÊÄαÏÕÔÝÎËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËÓÎÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈoÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÓÎÑÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ5QËÎÈàÔÎÈÓÔÐ`VN VN 6N 6NσN σN`( (LQW`∂((LQW ∂( ∅ÇÈ(LQWµÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË×ÔÐÙȱÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(Ä∂(µÈÐÒÄÏËØÄ nÈÒݵV µ6 ˵σ ÎÐÕÔÅÝÔޱı±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÎËÔıËÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝNNNÎËÑÒËÙÈαıÐÅÝÙÏÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÙËÓÍÄDÓÙËÔÄÈÔÓÃÙÔÐD D Ë i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È fÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ豀 6 ÓÐÓÔÐÃÛÈÐËʱÐÏÈÙÏÐÐËÍËÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆıÕÅÐÆÐÇÏÐÐË ÔÐÐ ÉÈ ÒÄÏÄ N ÈÐ ÔÐÙ±Ä [ ËÎÈÈÔ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÕàÓÃÆ 6ÔÐÇÄËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÔÐÇıÐÇÄÆÓȱÕÅÝÒÄÏÄNÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÈ ÔÐÙ±Õ [ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃ Æ ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏË±È 6 pÔÓàÇÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÔÐÙ±Ä ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 5Q ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕVNLQWÔÐÇÄËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÔÐÇıÐÇÄÆÓȱÕÅÝÒÄÏÄN±±ÐÔÐÒÝÎÐÏÄÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈVN VN(i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È oÄÒÃÇÕÓÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÎËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÅÐÍÈÈÔÐÙÏÐÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ6N VNLQW`σNƱÐÔÐÒÐÎÓÍÄÄÈÎÝÈÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃVNLQW σN ∅``dÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÆÓËÍÕÖÐÒÎÕÍËËÎÈÈÎ6N VNLQW`∂VN`σNfбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐ∂VN σNqÕÓÔÞ[∈∂VNtı±Ä±∂VN V N VN (```ÔÐ[∈(ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÍàÅÐ̱ÕÅÒÄÏÄNÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÌÔÐÙ±Õ[ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ6NsÐÍÄÓÏÐÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËà×ÐÔÃÅÝÐÇËϱÕÅ4ËÊßÔË×±ÕÅÐÆÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆVNÆÑÒÐÔËÆÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÔÐÙ±Ä[ÃÆÍÃÍÄÓÞÅÝÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄVNÔÈ[∈VNLQWÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÍÄÅÝÈÐÒÄÏËØÈ∂VNtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ[∈4 6N∉VNdÓËÍÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄσN±ÕÅ4ÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÔÐÙ±Ä[ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÆσNÙÔÐËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞƱÍàÙÈÏËà jÊ ßÔÐРƱÍàÙÈÏËà ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ Æ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÐÔÅÒÐÓËÔÞ ÓÍÄÄÈÎÐÈ ∂VN ÐÏÐ Æ×ÐÇËÔ Æ ÇÒÕÐÈ ÓÍÄÄÈÎÐÈÔÈËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐfбÄÉÈÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ gÓÍË [∈VNLQW ÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËàÍàÅÐ̱ÕÅ4ÒÄÏÄNÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÌÔÐÙ±Õ[4·[ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆVNËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆσN 4⊄ σN ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ [¶σNÔÈËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ § ® ® ¢ fÎÄÎáÆÑÑÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(µ5QÔÒÓÅÇÉÈÎÌÇÞDzÎáÚÉÐÌÄ``∂( σN( 6N∂(`¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð sÏÄÙÄÍÄÇбÄÉÈÎƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ∂( σN(qÕÓÔÞ [ ∈ ∂( iÄÎÈÔËÆ ÙÔÐ ËÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËà ( µ 6N( ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÈƱÍàÙÈÏËÈÇÍÃÊÄÎݱÄÏËÌßÔË×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ( 6 N ( ( ) 6N(`ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ`[∈∂( ⊂ ( 6N(VN(LQW`σN(`jÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÃVN( (ËÎÈÈÎVN(LQW (LQW`jÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÃ[∈∂(ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÔÐÙ±Ä[ÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ([∉(LQWÔı±Ä±(LQW ∂( ∅qÐßÔÐÎÕ`[ ∉ VN(LQW`jÊËÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔÐÔÐÙ±Ä[ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕσN(ÔÈƱÍàÙÈÏËÈÇбÄÊÄÏÐqбÄÉÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞƱÍàÙÈÏËÃσN( 6N∂(gÓÍË[∈σN(ÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ±ÕÅ4ÒÄÏÄNÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÌÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈσN(ËÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÌÔÐÙ±Õ[4·[sÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ σN( ßÔÐÔ ±ÕÅ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ 6N( Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ ±ÕÅÄ 4 Ó ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ( ÏÈ ÑÕÓÔÐ qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ßÔÐÔ ±ÕÅ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÐÎÕ ÉÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈVN(ÐÏÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔËÔÐÙ±ËÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ ( pÔÓàÇÄ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÍÈÎÎÈ ÑÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔбÕÅ4ÅÕÇÕÙËÆÝÑÕ±ÍÝÎÄÔÈÎÓÄÎÝÎËÍËÏÈÌÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÔÐÙ±ËÒÄÏËØÝ∂(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ6N∂( ±Ä± ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÃÆÓÈ×±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄN ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛË×ÓÃÓÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ∂(±ÕÅ4ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆßÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈjÔıÑбÄÊÄÏÐÙÔÐËÊÕÓÍÐÆËÃ[∈σN(ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ[∈6N∂(ÔÈƱÍàÙÈÏËÈÔıÉÈÇбÄÊÄÏÐsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ Ë ÇбÄÉÈÎ ±ÒËÔÈÒËÌ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ fÎÄ ÕÑÑ ÚÕÑÆÞ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ ( ÆÞÎÑ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÏÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÐÉÑÆØÑÈÌÏÑÌÈÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÑÚÕÑÆÞÑÐÑÆÞÎÑÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÞÏÌÚÕÑÆÞÉÑÓÅÐÌÙÅ∂(ÌÏÉÎÅÏÉÓÖhÑÓÈÅÐÅÓÅÇÐÖáÐÖÎáµ∂( ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ô Ç Ð Ò Ç Î Ý ¯ Ç Ð Ã × Ð Æ Ê Î Ð Ó Ô Þ qÕÓÔÞ( ¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐtÐÇııÇбÄÊÄÏÐÆÝÚÈÐÏÐÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐ fÄÍÈÈ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÏËÉÏÃÃËÆÈÒ×ÏÃÃÎÈÒÝÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄg±ÐÏÈÙÏÝËÒÄÆÏݵ(µ(Ô ÈOLP µVN( OLP µ6N(N → N → jÊÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ÄσN(ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÓÎÙÔÐ µσN( µ6N( ´ µVN( qÐßÔÐÎÕ ËÊ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ËÎÈÈÎOLP µσN( N → d ÓËÍÕ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÃ Ë ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐÓÔË ÆÈÒ×ÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÝÓÎÑÒËÍàÅÐÎN ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆе∂(PµσN( µσN(qÈÒÈÌÇà ± ÑÒÈÇÈÍÕ ÑÒË N { Æ ÓËÍÕ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ∂( ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕ˵∂( ¦ Ð Ó Ô Â Ô Ð Ù Ï Ð Ó Ô Þ qÕÓÔÞ ( ¶ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆР˵∂( tÐÇÄÑÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàÎÈÒݵ∂(OLP µ6N∂( N → d ÓËÍÕ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÃ Ë ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆеσN(Pµ6N∂(ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆе6N(´µVN(µσN(Pµ6N∂(qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐ ÈÐ ÏËÉÏÃà ÎÈÒÄ µ( ËÆÈÒ×ÏÃõ(±ÐÏÈÙÏÝËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÎËÆÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÈÒÈÌÔË ± ÑÒÈÇÈÍÕ ÑÒËN { d ÓËÍÕÑÐÍÕÙËε(´µ( Ô Èµ( µ(ÔÐËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔÞÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È lÐÎÑÄ±Ô ÒÄÏËØÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÔÐ ÓÒÄÊÕ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ Ôı ±Ä± ÆÓñËÌ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈÓÔÞÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È eÒÄÏËØÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ±Ä±ÒÄÏËØÄ ÆÓñÐÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÄÔı±Ä±ÒÄÏËØÄÆÓÈÇÄÊÄαÏÕÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÔÐ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÐÏÐ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÒÄÏËØÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÈÓÔÞ±ÐÎÑıÔÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞs ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÍȱРÑбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÔÈÐÒÈÔ˱ÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ÐÑÈÒÄØËÃ× ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÃËÆÝÙËÔÄÏËÃË×ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔÞÏÈÏÄÒÕÚÄÈÔÓÃqÒÈÇÆÄÒËÔÈÍÞÏÐÇбÄÉÈÎÐÇÏÕÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ÕàÍÈÎÎÕ § ® ® ¢ fÎÄÎáÆÞØÈÇÖØÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇbÌdÎÉÊÅÜÌØÇÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÉ5QÔÒÓÅÇÉÈÎÌÇÞÔÎÉÈÖáÜÌÉDzÎáÚÉÐÌÄÒËÓ ∂$`%µ∂$`∂%∂$ %µ∂$`∂%∂$?%µ∂$`∂%¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð fбÄÉÈΠƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ gÓÍË[∈∂$ ` % ÔÐ Æ ÍàÅÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓà ±Ä±ÔÐÙ±ËÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ$`%ÔıËÔÐÙ±ËÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÈÎÕdÐÊÎÐÉÏÝÇÆÄÓÍÕÙÄÃÍËÅÐÆÍàÅÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ$ÍËÅÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8ÔÐÙ±Ë[ÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÄÃÔÐÙȱÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ$d ÑÈÒÆÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Æ ÍàÅÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ËÎÈàÔÓà ÔÐٱ˱ı ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ $ Ôı Ë ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ$`%ËÔÈÎÅÐÍÈÈÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ$ÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐ[∈∂$dÐÆÔÐÒÐÎÓÍÕÙÄȱıÐÆÄÅÝÏËÅÝÍÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8ÔÐÙ±Ë[бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 8 8 ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ±Ä± Ë ÆÓñÄà ÈÈ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ $ ` % ÑÒËÙÈÎ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÆÓÈÐÏËÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ%Ôı±Ä±8ÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÔÐÙȱÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ$ËÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÔÐÙ±ËÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ $ ` % ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ Ë ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ %qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ 8 8 µ 8 Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Æ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 8 ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ËÎÈàÔÓà ÔÐÙ±Ë ±Ä± ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ Ôı Ë ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ % ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐ[∈∂%jÔı ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÓÔÐ ÑÐ ±ÒÄÌÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÈ ÐÇÏÐ ËÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÌ[∈∂$ËÍË[∈∂%Ô È[∈∂$`∂% fбÄÉÈÎƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ$%gÓÍË [∈∂$ % ÔÐ Æ ÍàÅÐÌ$?%%?$$%бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÔÐÙ±Ë ±Ä± ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà $ % Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ$`%ÔÐÙ±Ë ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ $ Ë % Ôı ËÔÐÙ±Ë ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ßÔÐÎÕrËÓ``````ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËàdÐÊÎÐÉÏÝÇÆÄÓÍÕÙÄÃÍËÅÐÆÍàÅÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ËÎÈàÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ËÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ$ÔÐÇÄ[∈∂$ÍËÅÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8ÔÐÙ±Ë[ÆÓÈÔÐÙ±Ë ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ $ tÐÇÄ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÔÐÙ±Ë[ÆÈÈбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8 8±Ä±ËÆÐÆÓñÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ËÎÈàÔÓà ÔÐÙ±Ë ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà$ %ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ%ËÔÐÙ±ËÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ$ %ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ%ËÅÐÆ8ÆÓÈÔÐÙ±ËÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ$tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8 8ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÍàÅÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÔÐÙ±Ë[Ôı±Ä±8 8µ8ËÎÈàÔÓÃÔÐٱ˱ıÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ%ÔıËÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÈÎÕÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐ[∈∂%jÔıÈÓÍË[∈∂$ %ÔÐ[∈∂$`∂% fбÄÉÈÎƱÍàÙÈÏËÈgÓÍË[∈∂$?%ÔÐÆÍàÅÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓà ±Ä± ÔÐÙ±Ë ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÒÄÊÏÐÓÔË $?% Ôı Ë ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÈÌ dÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ ÇÆÄÓÍÕÙÄÃqÈÒÆÝÌ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ Æ ÍàÅÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÔÐÙ±Ë ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ $ ÔÐÇÄ Æ ÍàÅÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ËÎÈàÔÓà ÔÐÙ±Ë ±Ä± ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ$Ôı±Ä±ËÎÈàÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ËËÊÒÄÊÏÐÓÔË$?%ÔıËÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ$qÐßÔÐÎÕÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ[∈∂$dÔÐÒÐÌ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ Õ ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 8 ÆÓÈÔÐÙ±Ë ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ $ tÐÇÄ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 8 ÔÐÙ±Ë [ Æ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 8 8 ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ËÎÈàÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ËÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÒÄÊÏÐÓÔË$?%ÄÔı±Ä±8µ8µµ $ ÔÐ ßÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ % d бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 8 8 ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÔıÉÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÒÄÊÏÐÓÔË $?% Ä Ôı ±Ä± ÐÏË ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ $ ÔÐÐÏË ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔ Ë ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ % Æ ÑÒÐÔËÆÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÐÏËÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÍËÅÝÒÄÊÏÐÓÔË$?%qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ8 8µ8ÔÐÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÔÐٱ˱ıÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ%ÔıËÏÈÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈÈÎÕÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐ[∈∂%tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÈÓÍË[∈∂$?%ÔÐ[∈∂$`∂%jÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÌ Ë ÎÈÔÐÇÐÎ ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±ÐÌËÏÇÕ±ØËË ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÍȱРÕÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÈÔÓÃÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞƱÍàÙÈÏËÌ`````````PP̀PP∂ M`(MµM`∂(M∂ M (MµM`∂(M pÆÝÉÈÌÐÉÐÌÉ Ì ÒÉÓÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÉ ²ÑÐÉÚÐÑÑ ÚÌÔÎÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞØ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ Å ÕŲÊÉ ÓÅËÐÑÔÕß ÈÇÖØ ÕŲÌØ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ ÄÇÎÄáÕÔÄ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÏÌ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅÏÌd ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÈÓÍË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (M ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ ÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎȵ∂(M M PqÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓËÍÕÓÍÈÇÓÔPÆËà ËÊ ÍÈÎÎÝ µ M` ∂(M ÔÐÇÄ ÓÎ ÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈ ÍÈÎÎÝ ËÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÌÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÙÔÐP̀Pµ∂ M`(M µ∂ M (M PpÔÓàÇÄËÎÈÈÎÆÓËÍÕÔÐÌÉÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄM`(MËP̀(M ÔıÉÈ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ bÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔÞÒÄÊÏÐÓÔËËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆtÈÑÈÒÞÎÐÉÏÐÍȱÐÇбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÇÍÃÎÈÒÝhÐÒÇÄÏÄÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÈ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÕ ÇÍÃÆÈÒ×ÏÈÌÎÈÒÝsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÈÈÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈfÎÄ ÎáÆÑÍ ²ÑÐÉÚÐÑÍ ÔÑÇѲÖÒÐÑÔÕÌ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞØ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ ( ( (PÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐM PPµL`(LP ∑ µ(LLfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÈÓÍË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (L ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ ÔÐ µ(LP= µ(LËÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÎÕÆÝÚÈÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ L`(LÔıPPÉÈ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ µL`(L µ L`(L qÐßÔÐÎÕÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔ Ó ÖÐÒÎÕÍÐÌ ÇÊÊÎ×ÎÉÒÓÖ×à ÑËÕßnÉÓÅÑÆÝÉÈÌÐÉÐÌIJÑÐÉÚÐÑÑÚÌÔÎÅ ÒÑÒÅÓÐÑ ÐÉÒÉÓÉÔɲÅáÜÌØÔÄ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞØ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ ÓÅÇÐÅ ÔÖÏÏÉ ÏÉÓ àÕÌØ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÈÓÍË(L ¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(L (ML M LM PÔÐ`PPµL` (L ∑ µ(LMfбÄÉÈÎ ßÔÐ qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐƱÍàÙÈÏËÈVN(L VN(Lµ(L (MËÊÕÓÍÐÆËÃ(L (M ÑÒËL M ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ VN(L VN(M L M ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐPP∑ µVN(L µL` VN(L````LgÓÍ˱ÕÅÒÄÏÄNÍÈÉËÔÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(LÔÐÐÏÍÈPÉËÔËÆÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËËL` (LÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐPP` V (LµVN L` (L L NpÔÓàÇÄÆÓËÍÕËÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐÓÔËÎÈÒÝÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÇÄÉÈËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔÐPLPP∑ µVN(L µL`VN(LPµVN L`(L qÈÒÈÌÇñÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÑÒËN{ÑÐÍÕÙËÎPLP∑ µ(LPµL`(Ls ÇÒÕÐÌ ÓÔÐÒÐÏÝ ÇÍà ÍàÅÝ× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÈ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ pÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÙÔÐ ËÊËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÔ ÈÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔÞÎÈÒÝi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È jÊ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆ Ë ÎÈÒÝ ÆÝÔȱÄÈÔ ÙÔÐÈÓÍË ± ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ ÑÒËÓÐÈÇËÏËÔÞ ËÍË ÆÝÙÈÓÔÞ ËÊÏÈÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÎÈÒÝ ÏÕÍÞ ÔÐ ÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÔıÉÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ Ë ÈÐ ÎÈÒÄ ÅÕÇÈÔ ÒÄÆÏÐÌ ÎÈÒÈ ËÓ×ÐÇÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÍË( ¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐĵ( ÔÐÑÐÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÕÎÈÒÝÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(?(Ë(`(ÔıÉÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÝfÄÍÈÈÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÕÑÒË(µ(˵( ËÎÈÈε( µ>(?(`(@ µ(?(µ( µ(?(d ÓËÍÕ ÉÈ ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐÓÔË ÎÈÒÝ Ë ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐ(µ( ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆĵ(Pµ(`(Pµ(µ( µ(ÐÔ±ÕÇĵ(`( µ(dÓÆÐàÐÙÈÒÈÇÞËÊÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÈÓÍ˱ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ ÑÒËÓÐÈÇËÏËÔÞ ËÍË ÆÝÙÈÓÔÞ ËÊ ÏÈÐ ±Ä±ÐÈÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÈÐÒÄÏËÙÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱÔÐÑÐÍÕÙËÔÓÃÓÏÐÆÄËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÓÔÐÌÉÈÎÈÒÐÌÙÔÐËÇÄÏÏÐÈÔÐÆÝÔȱÄÈÔËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐÆÓËÍÕÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÒÄÏËØÄËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÄÊÏÄÙËÔËÍàÅÐÈÈÈÑÐÇÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐËÎÈàÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÈÓÍË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ ÔÐÈÐ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ ( g ` ∂( Ë ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÐÓÔÞ (LQW ÔıÉÈ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÑÒËÙÈε( µ ( µ(LQWpÅÒÄÔÏÐÈ ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈ ÏÈÆÈÒÏÐ ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕ ÐÉÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÉ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÄ ²ÑÕÑÓÞØ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞqÒÐÓÔÝÎÑÒËÎÈÒÐÎÑÐÇÐÅÏÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÒÄØËÐÏÄÍÞÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱÏÄÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎÐÔÒÈʱÈpÏÐÏÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ ÑÐÙÈÎÕ" Ä ÈÐ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈÎ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÔÒÈÊб ±ÐÔÐÒÝÌËÊÎÈÒËÎpÔÎÈÔËÎÈÛÈÙÔÐÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ±Ä±Ë ÆÓñÐÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÈÓÔÞËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ̱ÐÎÑÄ±Ô nÉÓÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ÐÉ ÏÉÐÄÉÕÔÄ ÒÓÌ ÒÅÓÅÎÎÉÎßÐÑÏÒÉÓÉÐÑÔÉqÒÈÉÇÈ ÙÈÎ ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ ßÔÐ ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈ ÇбÄÉÈÎ ÈÛÈÐÇÏÕÍÈÎÎÕ § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌ$Pµ(µ%P$P%P ¶ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÉÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅP ÌOLP µ%P?$P P→ÕÑÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ(ÕŲÊÉÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑ̵( OLP µ$P OLP µ%PP→P→¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ %P ÅÕÇÕÙË ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÝjÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÃ( µ%PÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÈÑÒÈÇÈÍÝ OLP VN( OLP 6N(N→N→iÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈÎ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐ ε ! d ÓËÍÕ ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ ÍÈÎÎÝÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÌÏÐÎÈÒPÙÔе % P ´µ $ P µ % P ? $ P ε fÍÃÏÐÎÈÒÄPÆÝÅÈÒÈÎÔıÐÌÏÐÎÈÒNÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÏÐÎÈÒÐÆN!NÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄεµVN $ P !µ $ P ´ µ6N % P µ % P ε jÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÃ`$ P ( % P`ËÎÈÈÎ```VN $ P VN( 6N( 6N % P ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏе $ P ´ ε µVN $ P PµVN(Pµ6N(Pµ6N % P µ % P ε pÔÓàÇÄËÎÈÈÎÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×N!NÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄPµ6N(´µVN( µ % P ε ´µ $ P ε εÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐOLP µ6N(´µVN( N→sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÎÕ ÆÝÚÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÈ ÑÒÈÇÈÍÝ OLP µVN(Ë OLP µ6N(ÑÐßÔÐÎÕN→N→OLP µVN( OLP µ6N( µ(N→N→``ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ tÈÑÈÒÞ ËÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÃ$P ( %P ÑÐÍÕÙËε$PPµ(Pµ%PÐÔ±ÕÇÄÑÐÍÐÉËÆP→ÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞOLP µ$P OLP µ%P µ(P→P→Ôı±Ä±ÑÐÕÓÍÐÆËàÍÈÎÎÝOLP µ%N´µ$N OLP µ%N?µ$N N→N→``jÊÍÈÎÎÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÇÍÃÑÐÍÕÙÈÏËÃÑÒÈÇÈÍÞÏÝÎÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÐÎ ÎÈÒÝ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÈÐ ÏÈ ÐÅÃÊÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÄÑÑÒбÓËÎËÒÐÆÄÔÞ ËÊÏÕÔÒË ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ÄÎË VN( Ä ÓÏÄÒÕÉË ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ÄÎË 6N( ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÎÈÓÔÐ ÏË× ÅÒÄÔÞ ÍàÅÝÈ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ $N Ë %N ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛËÈ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎ $N ( %NN OLP µ%N $N N→fбÄÉÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÎÈÒÝqÕÓÔÞ( 5QD∈5QË`(D ^\∈5Q\ [D[ ∈ (`dßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÐÆÐÒÃÔÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(DÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÐËÊÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎ ÑÈÒÈÏÐÓÐÎ ÈÐ ÏÄ ÆȱÔÐÒ D Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ5QgÓÍË4 µQÎÈÒÏÝ̱ÕÅÓÒÈÅÒÄÎËÇÍËÏÝKÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎË ÐÓÃÎ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ 4 D ÔıÉÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÕÅÐÎ ÔÐÐ ÉÈ ÆËÇÄ ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ±Ä± ßÔÐ ÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞ ÒÄÏÞÚÈ µËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ˵4D µ4 KQfÍà ±ÄÉÇÐÐ ÏÄÔÕÒÄÍÞÏÐÐ N ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ $N VN ( D%N 6N( D ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ Ôı ±Ä± ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈαÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÆËÇÄ 4 D ÇÈ4 ¶±ÕÅÒÄÏÄN˵$N µVN(µ%N µ6N(Ôı±Ä±ÎÈÒÝÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ$NË%NÒÄÆÏÝÓÕÎÎÈÎÈұıÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÈÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛË×Ë×±ÕÅÐÆqÕÓÔÞÔÈÑÈÒÞ( µËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐN→Ë`$N (D %N`qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕOLP µVN( OLP µ6N( µ(N→OLP µ%N?$N OLP µ%N´µ$N OLP µ6N(´µVN( N→N→N→ÔÐÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÍÈÎÎÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(DËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ˵(D OLP µ$N OLP µVN( µ(N→N→i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È pÔÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ±Ä± ÏËÉÏÃà Ôı Ë ÆÈÒ×ÏÃà ÎÈÒÝ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÏÈ ÐÅÍÄÇÄàÔ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎË ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËÔÐ ÆËÇÏÐ ÕÉÈ Æ ÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ oÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÈÓÍË $ ¶ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÒÄØËÐÏÄÍÞÏÝ× Ä % ¶ ËÒÒÄØËÐÏÄÍÞÏÝ× ÙËÓÈÍ ÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>@Ôе $ µ % µ$`% µ>@ µ $µ%µ$ µ% µ$`% µ>@ µ$µ%qÒËÎÈÒÝ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ Ó±ÐÍÞ ÕÐÇÏÐ ÅÐÍÞÚÐÌÒÄÊÎÈÒÏÐÓÔËÎÐÉÏÐÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÑÐÓÔÒÐÈÏËÃØËÍËÏÇÒÐÆ ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËÃÎË ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÓÍÕÉÄÔ ÔıÉÈ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈØËÍËÏÇÒÄ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß ( ¶ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ ÎÉÊÅÜÉÉ ÐÅ ÌÒÉÓÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕÌ5Qµ ^[[Q `ÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÅ5QDÌE ¶ÈÉÍÔÕÇÌÕÉÎßÐÞÉÚÌÔÎÅDPEnÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ( ^[[[ [Qµ ∈ (DP[QPE`ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÙÌÎÌÐÈÓÑÏ Ô ÑÔÐÑÇÅÐÌÉÏ ( Ì ÑÆÓÅËÖáÜÉÍ ÒÅÓÅÎÎÉÎßÐÑͲÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÐÑÍÑÔÌ[QÈÎÌÐÞK E´DpÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÙÔÐ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕà ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÓÎ Ñ ËÍË ÎÐÉÏÐ Ó±ÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ØËÍËÏÇÒ (ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÈÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ( Ë ÐÔÒÈ汀 >D E@ ( ( ¨ >D E@ gÓÍË ( ¶ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÔÐ Ë ØËÍËÏÇÒ Ó ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËÈÎ ( ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎpÔÓàÇÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÆÓñËÌ ØËÍËÏÇÒ Æ ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËË ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐÍÈÉËÔËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏËÅÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏд § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ( ¶ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÉÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÅ 5Q ´ ÕÑ ÇÔIJÌÍÙÌÎÌÐÈÓ(Ô ÑÔÐÑÇÅÐÌÉÏ(ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÏÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÏÇÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÉ5Q̵Q ( KµQµ(ÈÉK ¶ÈÎÌÐÅÑÆÓÅËÖáÜÉÍÙÌÎÌÐÈÓÅ(³ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª § gÔÎÌ ÑÔÐÑÇÅÐÌÉ ÙÌÎÌÐÈÓÅ ÌÏÉÉÕ Q µ ÏÉÓÐÖáÏÉÓÖÓÅÇÐÖáÐÖÎáÕÑÔÅÏÙÌÎÌÐÈÓÌÏÉÉÕQÏÉÓÐÖáÏÉÓÖÕŲÊÉÓÅÇÐÖáÐÖÎá¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ô Ç Ð Ò Ç Î Ý qÒÈÉÇÈÆÓÈÐÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÑÒÐȱØËà ±ÄÉÇÐÐ QÎÈÒÏÐÐ ±ÕÅÄ 4Q ÒÄÏÄ N ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃQ´ÎÈÒÏÝαÕÅÐÎ4QµÔıÉÈÒÄÏÄN˵4Q ´N µ4Qµ`pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ 4 Q µ 4PQ Nµ Q´ÎÈÒÏÝȱÕÅÝÒÄÏÄNÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ6N(Ä T Q µ T OQN µ µQ´ÎÈÒÏÝÈ ±ÕÅÝ ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ VN( qÕÓÔÞQ 4 Q ÓÕÔÞÔÈÆÓÈQÎÈÒÏÝȱÕÅÝÒÄÏÄNÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÈ4 LLS NÓÃ Æ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ 6N( ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÑÒÐȱÔËÒÕàÔÓÃ Æ ÐÇËÏ Ë ÔÐÔÉÈ ±ÕÅ 4 LQ µ 6N( qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( µ ØËÍËÏÇÒÙËÓÍÐ SN ÔıË× ±ÕÅÐÆ ÐÇÏÐ Ë ÔÐ ÉÈ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× L PÑÐßÔÐÎÕSNPNQ 6N( L` M` 4 LM`Q T Q µ ±ÕÅÝ ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÈÓÍË T LMLU NÛËÈÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈVN(ËÑÒÐȱÔËÒÕàÛËÈÓÃÆÐÇËÏËÔÐÔÉȱÕÅ T LQ µ VN( ÔÐ ÙËÓÍÐ UN ÔıË× ±ÕÅÐÆ ÐÇÏÐ Ë ÔÐ ÉÈ ÇÍÃÆÓÈ×L ONËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐONUNQ VN( L` M`T LM`qÒÐȱØËÈÌ ÑÒ [ ( ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( 5Q ÏÄ ËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ 5Q µ Q^[[Q `ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔÐÙȱÆËÇÄ[[QµÇÍñÄÉÇÐÌËʱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈ[QÙÔÐ[[Qµ[Q∈(qÒÐȱØËË ÏÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÕà ÐÓÞ [Q ÎÏÐSNUNQ L P Ë ` T Q ÉÈÓÔÆ M` 4 LMNM LML ONÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔÓÐÅÐÌÐÔÒÈʱËUS(NN Ë ÑÒË ßÔÐÎÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÇÍËÏ NNÓÎÒËÓÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄSNUN PK N OK´ N N N(qÐßÔÐÎÕPPSNNNSNQ Pµ6N( ∑ ∑ µ 4 LM∑ N µ4 LQ µ L M L PrËÓN P K µ 4 LQ µ K µ6N(N ∑N LONONUNUNQ OµVN( ∑ ∑ µT LM∑ N µ TLQ µ L M L ON O K´ µVN(µ T LQ µ K´ N ∑N LsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ K´ µVN( P µVN(Pµ6N( P N P K µ6N(N dÓËÍÕËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ËÎÈÈÎOLP µVN( OLP µ6N( µQµ(N→N→qÐßÔÐÎÕÑÈÒÈÌÇñÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÑÒËN→ÆÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ×ÑÐÍÕÙËÎÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÑÒÈÇÈÍOLP µVN( OLP µ6N( KµQµ(N→N→ÙÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔÞØËÍËÏÇÒÄ(ËÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞÖÐÒÎÕÍÝiÇÊÇÛÇ qÐÓÔÒÐËÔÞÑÒËÎÈÒÏÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÌÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÐÅÍÄÓÔËiÇÊÇÛÇ fбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐÎÈÒÄhÐÒÇÄÏÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔ ÆÝÅÐÒÄÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ®ÏÐÈÇÓÔÄÂÎÇÒÝÏÕÍÞdÑÒÈÇÝÇÕÛÈÎÑÕϱÔÈÅÝÍÐÕÓÔÄÏÐÆÍÈÏÐÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÔÐÇÄËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÔÐÇıÐÇÄÈÐÒÄÏËØÄËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÒÕ ÏÕÍÞ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÑÐÍÈÊÏÐ ËÎÈÔÞ ÑÒËÊÏÄ±Ë ÑÐ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÎÎÐÉÏÐ ÅÝÍÐ ÅÝ ÕÓÔÄÏÐÆËÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÒÕ ÏÕÍÞfÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÐÅÛËÎ ÑÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÎÈÒÝ ÏÕÍÞ ÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃØËÍËÏÇÒÝÆÐÓÏÐÆÄÏË˱ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÍÈÉÄÔÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÓÎ ÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈ ËÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ fÒÕÐÌ ÚËÒбËÌ ±ÍÄÓÓ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÇÄÈÔÓÃÆÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÌÏËÉÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ eÓÅ×̲ÇÔIJÑÍÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÍÐŲÑÏÒŲÕÉ×ÖвÙÌÌÌÏÉÉÕÏÉÓÖÐÖÎߦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞÖÕϱØËÃ\ I[ I[[QÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ $ µ 5 [Q qÕÓÔÞ ( ¶ ÈÈ ÒÄÖ˱ Ô ÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔıË×ÔÐÙȱ[\ [[Q\ÆQÎÈÒÏÐÎQ ÙÔÐ[ [ ∈$Ä\ I[ [ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ 5 [\QQ( ^[\[[Q∈$\ I[[Q`qбÄÉÈÎ ÙÔÐ Q ÎÈÒÏÄà ÎÈÒÄ hÐÒÇÄÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (ÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍànÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ$ÅÕÇÕÙ˱ÐÎÑıÔÐÎÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐqÐßÔÐÎÕÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈÏÄÔÕÒÄÍÞÏÐÈÙËÓÍÐPÙÔÐQÎÈÒÏÝ̱ÕÅ3P ^[´PP[LPPL Q`ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ$3P¬$tÈÎÅÐÍÈȱÕÅ3P ^[´P´P[LPPL Q`ÔıÉÈÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔ$3P¬$ËÅÐÍÈÈÔÐбıËÎÅÝÏËÅÝͱÕÅ 4 ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÒÄÏÄ N ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛËÌÓà ÓÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ$Ô È4µ6N$ÐÏÔıÉÈÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆ3P 4µ3PqÐßÔÐÎÕÑÒËÍàÅÐÎNËÎÈÈÎ6N$µ3PiÇÈÓÞËÆÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ 6N$ 6N( ±Ä± Ë Æ Ñ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄàÔÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÔÐÙȱ ÆÓÈ× ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË× ÑÒÐQ ÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛË×ÓÃÓÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎË$µ5 [QË(µ5 [\pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ 4 LQ L PN QÎÈÒÏÝÈ ±ÕÅÝ ÒÄÏÄ NPNÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ 6N$ Ô È 6N$ L` 4 LQ tÐÇÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ 6N( ÒÄÓÑÄÇÄÈÔÓà ÏÄ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ «ÓÔÐÍÅ˱ÐƬ6 N( L ) ±ÄÉÇÝÌ ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ Q ÎÈÒÏÝ× ±ÕÅÐÆQ 4 Q ËÎÈàÛË× ÐÇÏÕ Ë ÔÕ ÉÈ ÑÒÐȱØËàÒÄÏÄ N 4 LLS LÓÎ ÓÏÐÓ±Õ ÏÄ Ó ±ÕÅ 4 LQ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ 5 [Q ÏÄ ÒËÓ ËÊÐÅÒÄÉÈÏÓÍÕÙÄÌQ PNSLQ N 6N( L`6 N( L )6 N( L ) M`4 LMpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ ωδ ÎÐÇÕÍÞ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËËI ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ $ iÄÎÈÙÄà ÙÔÐÇËÄÐÏÄÍÞ ÇËÄÎÈÔÒ QÎÈÒÏÐÐ ±ÕÅÄ Ó ÒÈÅÒÐÎ ÇÍËÏÝ NÒÄÆÏÄ QN ÇÍà ÆÝÓÐÔÝ K N( L )±ÄÉÇÐÐ ÓÔÐÍÅ豀 6 N( L ) ËÎÈÈÎÓÎÒËÓ ÐØÈϱÕQ NK N( L )Pω N\6NO[4P 4NO$rËÓfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÇÍÃÐØÈϱËÆÝÓÐÔÝ K N( L ) ± ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËà ω´N Q ÎÈÉÇÕ ÏÄËÅÐÍÞÚËÎ Ë ÏÄËÎÈÏÞÚËÎ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÎË ÖÕϱØËË I[ ÏÄ ±ÕÅÈ 4 N( L ) ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÇÐÅÄÆËÔÞÇÍËÏÝÒÈÅÈÒÓÄÎÐÐÏËÉÏÈÐËÓÄÎÐÐÆÈÒ×ÏÈбÕÅÐÆÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÐÓÔÐÍÅ豀 6 N( L )ßÔÄÐØÈϱÄÇÐÓÔËÄÈÔÓñÐÇÄÔÐÙ±Ë ÒÄÖ豀 ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÈ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÎ ß±ÓÔÒÈÎÄÍÞÏÝÎÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃΠбÄÉÕÔÓà ÏÄ ÒÄÏÃ× ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N jÊ ËÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎPPNPNNµ6K( µL`6 N( L ) ∑ µ 6 N( L ) ∑ K N( L )µ 4 LQPLPLNQQ µ3P P ω µ 4 LQ P ω N N L ∑ N NqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÖÕϱØËà I ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ ÐÏÄ ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ÏÈÎ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ OLP ω´N Q ËN → ËÊËÎÈÈÎ OLP µ 6N( ÄÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ OLP N → NN→ßÔÐËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔе( ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ˵ ( dÓËÍÕÔÈÐÒÈÎËÆÓñÐÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÒÄÏËØÕ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐÎÐÉÏÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÔޱıÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËȱÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÙËÓÍÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ±ÄÉÇÐÈ ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐÌÍËÅÐÙÄÓÔÞÒÄÖ˱ÄÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÏÄÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÎÊÄαÏÕÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ÖÕϱØËË ÍËÅÐ ÙÄÓÔÞ ØËÍËÏÇÒÄ Ó ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËÈÎ ÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÔı±Ä±ÆÓËÍÕÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË ÎÈÒÝ ÎÈÒÄ ÒÄÏËØÝ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍà Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÐÏÐ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÐ ÐÑËÓÄÏËÈ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÚËÒбÐбÍÄÓÓÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕ Ë ÙÄÓÔÐ ÆÓÔÒÈÙÄàpÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÇËÄÎÈÔÒÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÓÎÆÑ ÛË×ÓÃÆÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±ÐÎÄÏÄÍËÊÈËÈÐÑÒËÍÐÉÈÏËÃ×oÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÑÍÐÓ±ËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈ ÔÒÄÑÈØËË «ÓȱÔÐÒݬ±ÒËÆÝ×ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ×ÆÑÐÍÃÒÏÝ×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄ×ÄÔıÉÈÔÈÍÄÆÒÄÛÈÏËÃÑÍÐÛÄÇËËÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐÅÜÈÎݱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÆÝÙËÓÍÃÍËÓÞÆ Ô ÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄrËÎÄÏÄÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎË ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎË ËÅÐ ±Ä±ÏÈÔÒÕÇÏÐÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃË×ÒÄÏËØÝËÎÈàÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞqÐÇÐÅÏÝÎ ÉÈ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÝ Ë ßÍÍËÑÓÐËÇÝ Æ ÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË µ ÚÄÒÝ Ôı ±Ä± Ë× ÒÄÏËØÝ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÔÞ Æ ÆËÇÈ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËà ÒÄÖ˱ÐÆ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÏıÐÎÑıÔÄ×ÖÕϱØËÌiÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÆ Ô ÅÝÍÐÆÆÈÇÈÏÐÑÐÏÃÔËÈÎÈÒÝPHV*ÇÍÃÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆsÒÄÆÏËÆÄÃÈÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÓÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÎÑÒËÆÈÇÈÏÏÝÎÆÑ ÆËÇËÎÙÔÐPHV* µ*Ô ÈÆÆÈÇÈÏÏÄÃÆ Ô ÎÈÒııßÔÐÕÉÈÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏËÉÏÈÌÎÈÒÐÌhÐÒÇÄÏÄpÇÏıÐÆÓËÍÕÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÆÝÚÈÆÓÈÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÏÝÈÆÑÒËÎÈÒÄ× Ô ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÅÝÍËËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎË ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÇÍà ÏË× ÎÈÒÄ PHV * ÃÆÍÃÍÄÓÞÎÈÒÐÌhÐÒÇÄÏÄÔ ÈÇÍÃÏË×ËÎÈÍÐÎÈÓÔÐPHV* µ*qÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ËÏÔÈÒÈÓ ÐÅÐÅÛËÔÞ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ ÏÄ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ Æ ÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÏÄ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë× ±ÒËÆÝ× p±ÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÙÔÐ ÇÄÉÈ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈÐÇÏÐÌ ÍËÚÞ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ× ±ÒËÆÝ× ÏÈÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÇÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÐÏË ËÎÈÍË ÎÈÒÕ ÏÕÍÞ sÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ±ÒËÆÝÈ[L [LWDPWPEL Q[LW ¶ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈ ÏÄ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ ÖÕϱØËË ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÝȱÒËÆÝÎËqÈÄÏбÐÔÐÒÝÈÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÔÙÈÒÈʱÄÉÇÕàÔÐÙ±ÕÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐQÎÈÒÏÐбÕÅÄËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈËÎÈàÔÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞiÇÊÇÛÇ qÐÓÔÒÐËÔÞÑÒËÎÈÒ±ÒËÆÐÌqÈÄÏд § ° ² § ® ¢ dÔIJÅÄ ÒÎÑÔ²ÅÄ ÔÒÓÄÏÎÄÉÏÅÄ ²ÓÌÇÅÄ ÌÏÉÉÕÏÉÓÖÐÖÎߦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ÓÑÒÃÎÍÃÈÎÄà ±ÒËÆÄà ΓÇÍËÏıÐÔÐÒÐÌÒÄÆÏÄ6qÕÓÔÞÇÄÍÈÈU U WDPWPE ¶ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ rÄÊÐÅÞÈÎ ÈÈ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÔ ÈÆÑÐÒÃDZÈÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄÏËÃÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄWÔÐÙ±ÄÎËUWLWL∈>DE@L PW DWP EÏÄPÒÄÆÏÝ×ÑÐÇÍËÏÈÙÄÓÔÈÌÔ ÈÆÐÊÞÎÈÎÔıÐÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈτ { W L } LL PÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ÙÔÐÅÝÇÍËÏıÄÉÇÐÌÙÄÓÔËΓL±ÒËÆÐÌΓÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÐÌÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎU6UWWL´PWPWLL PËÎÈÍÄÇÍËÏÕPpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ .L ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÌ ±ÒÕ Ó ØÈÏÔÒÐÎ Æ ÔÐÙ±È66fÕÄΓLËÎÈÈÔÇÍËÏÕ ËÈÈÏÄÙÄÍÐÃÆÍÃUWL´ Ë ÒÄÇËÕÓÐÎ PPÈÔÓà ØÈÏÔÒÐÎ ±ÒÕÄ .L ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓÃÐÏÄÍÈÉËÔÆßÔÐαÒÕÈÒËÓ pÔÓàÇÄÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔÐÆÓñÒËÆÄÃΓÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏË˱ÒÕÐÆ.L.LU WL´UEU WLU DPΓµL` .L.P.sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÓËÍÕÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐÓÔËËÑÐÍÕÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËÆÈÒ×rËÓÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÝ ÓÎ ÍÈÎÎÝ Ë ÆÑ PPµΓPµL` .LP ∑ µ.LLoÐ6 L Pµ.L µ.L π PÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÊËÎÈÈεΓPπ6PmÈÆÄÃÙÄÓÔÞÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔPÄÑÒÄÆÄÃÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓñÏÕÍàÑÒËP{ÆÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈÙÈÐµΓ uqrbhogojg fбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÆÓñÄÃÓÑÒÃÎÍÃÈÎÄñÒËÆÄÃÆÍàÅÐÎQÎÈÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈQ ! ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞjÊÔÈÐÒÈÎËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÆÓñÐÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈÑÍÐÓ±ÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÒÄÏËØıÐÔÐÒÐÐÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÑÒÃÎÍÃÈÎÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌËÊÎÈÒËÎÐiÇÊÇÛÇ qÐÓÔÒÐËÔÞ ÑÒËÎÈÒ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ ÏÄ ÙËÓÍÐÆÐÌ ÐÓË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÒÄÏËØÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÏÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ÍÈÅÈÐÆÐÌ ÎÈÒÝ ÏÕÍÞpÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÍÈÅÈÐÆÐÌÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÓÎÆÑ °ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇÌÒÂÔÏÐÅÐÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÂsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËȱÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄrËÎÄÏÄfÍÃßÔÐÐ ÑÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÆÆÈÇÈÎ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄËÑÐÏÃÔËÈÎÈͱÐÓÔËßÔÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃqÕÓÔÞ ( ¶ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈ ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( µ 5QLlÐÏÈÙÏÄà ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ τ { ( L } LLτÏÈÑÕÓÔÝ× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÑÐ hÐÒfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏРбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔÞ & ÃÆÍÃàÛÕàÓà ÒÄÏËØÈÌ ±ÒÕÄ .ÎÐÉÏÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÔޱıÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÇÆÕ×ÑÐÍÕбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔÈ̱ÄÉÇÄÃËʱÐÔÐÒÝ× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÒÄÖ˱ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È ÖÕϱØËËqÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎȵ& ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÓñË̱ÒÕ.ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(LL LτÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ (ÈÓÍË ÑÐÑÄÒÏÝÈÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(LËÎÈàÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞµ(L (M L M`Lτ L` (L (yËÓÍÐ_τ_ PD[L LτGLDP(LÇÈGLDP(L ¶ÇËÄÎÈÔÒÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄgLÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÏÉβÑÔÕßá ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÄτd ÓËÍÕ ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË ÎÈÒÝ hÐÒÇÄÏÄ ÇÍà ÆÓñÐÐ ÒÄÊÅËÈL LÏËÃτ { ( L } L τÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ËÎÈÈÎLτµ( L` µ(L`fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÕÓÔÞÑÒËÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÎL ( L M≠L` (L (MËLτ( L` ( L tÐÇÄ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆĵ(L (M L MÑÐßÔÐÎÕµ ( LP ∑ µ(L (M ``M nLLτÔ Èµ ( L pÔÓàÇĵ(P ∑ µ ( L ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏе( LlÒÐÎÈÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(Ë(L?( ( LL LτÑÐÑÄÒÏÐLτLτÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃÄÆÓËÍÕÕÓÍÐÆËà L` ( L`( L` (L (tı ±Ä± µ(L µ(L?( µ ( L ÔÐ ËÊ ÆÓÈÐ Ó±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÆÓËÍÕÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËÎÈÒÝÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐLτLτµ( ∑ µ ( L µ( ∑ µ(LLLLLfÍà ÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌ ËÏÐÇÄ ÆÎÈÓÔÐ { ( L } L τ ÅÕÇÈÎÑËÓÄÔÞ^(L`qÕÓÔÞτ ^(L`Ëτ′ ^ ( M′` ¶ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( rÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ τ′ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÇÒÌÔÅÐÐÞÏ Æ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ τ ÈÓÍËÇÍñÄÉÇÐÐ ( M′∈τ′ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÌßÍÈÎÈÏÔ(L∈τÙÔÐ ( M′µ(LdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÑËÚÕÔτ 3 τ′ËÍËτ 1 τ′pÔÎÈÔËÎÇÆÄÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ gÔÎÌτ 1 τ′Ìτ′ 1 τ′′ÕÑτ 1 τ′′ fÎÄÎáÆÞØÈÇÖØÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÍτ′ ^ (′L`Ëτ′′ ^ ( M″`ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ( ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÕŲÑÉ ÉÑ ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉ τ ÙÔÐτ 3 τ′Ìτ 3 τ′′sÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÆÑËÓÄÏÏÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃd±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÉÈÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÆÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÊÃÔÞ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ× ÏÈÑÕÓÔÝ×ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÌ (′L ( M″ § ® ® ¢ u ÇÔIJÑÑ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÄÔ²ÑÎßÖÑÈÐÑÏÅÎÑÍÏÉβÑÔÕÌ`qÕÓÔÞ ( ¶ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ( µ 5Q pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ ( M( N )M MNÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝÈÏÈÑÕÓÔÝÈÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËñÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N Ó ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ( tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÇÍà ±ÄÉÇÐÐM MN ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÌ ±ÕÅ ÒÄÏÄ N ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÈÐ4 M( N )ÙÔÐ( M( N ) ( 4 M( N )n`MMsËÓÔÈÎÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆτN { ( M( N ) } L NÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( M( N ) ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ ±Ä± ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÇÆÕ×ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(Ë 4 M( N )ÄË×ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(MN( M`( M( N )qÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ( M( N ) ËÎÈàÔ ÎÈÒÕ ÏÕÍÞ d ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈÑÒËL MËÎÈÈÎ( L( N ) ( M( N )µ4 L( N ) 4 M( N )µ∂4 L( N ) ∂4 M( N )```ËÔı±Ä±ÇÍÃÍàÅÐбÕÅÄÎÈÒÄÈÐÒÄÏËØÝÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍàÔе ( L( N ) ( M( N )Pµ∂4 L( N ) ∂4 M( N )Pµ4 M( N ) L M``nÈͱÐÓÔÞ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τN ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓà ± ÏÕÍà ÑÒË N { OLP _τN_ ÔÐ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊ ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐ ÇËÄÎÈÔÒ QÎÈÒÏÐÐ ±ÕN→Q ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ _τN_ ÅÄ ÒÄÏÄ N ÒÄÆÈÏ NPD[MMQ {ÑÒËN{PGLDP 4 ( N ) NN GLDP ( M( N ) P°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕßÐÅÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉLL(µ5QËÅÈÅÐÅ×ÖвÙÌÄ\ I[ I[[QÌτ { ( L } L τ ¶ÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÉÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(ÇÞÆÉÓÉÏÒÓÑÌËÇÑÎßÐÞÏÑÆÓÅËÑÏÕÑÚ²ÌξL∈(LL LτsÖÏÏÅÇÌÈÅστ στIξξLτ( Lτ ) ∑ IξLµ(LLÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÌÐÕÉÓÅÎßÐÑÍÔÖÏÏÑÍrÌÏÅÐÅ×ÖвÙÌÌIqÐÇÐÅÏÐ ÓÍÕÙÄà ÖÕϱØËË ÐÇÏÐÐ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÃÑÐÏÃÔËÈÑÒÈÇÈÍÄÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔËËÍË«ÃÊݱε¶δ¬°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ yÌÔÎÑ$ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏrÌÏÅÐÅÑÕ×ÖвÙÌÌ I ÒÑ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏÖ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÖ ( µ 5QÉÔÎ̲ŲÑÇÅÆÞÐÌÆÞÎÅÒÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑÔÕßÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÍτP(P){ ( L( P ) } LL L P ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(ÕŲÅÄÚÕÑÏÉβÑÔÕÌÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÍτPÔÕÓÉÏÄÕÔIJÐÖÎáÒÓÌP{ OLP _τP_P → ̲ŲÑÇÞÆÞÐÌÆÞÎÌÕÑÚ²ÌξLP∈ ( L( P )LLPÒÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑÔÕß ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎßÐÞØ ÔÖÏÏ σ τ I ξ P P(P)ξL PÒÓÌP{ÌÏÉÉÕÔÇÑÌÏÒÓÉÈÉÎÑÏÚÌÔÎÑ$OLP σ τ IξPξLP → P( P )P $jÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÔÖÕϱØËËIÑÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕgÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÃÙÈÒÈÊ∫I[G( ∫ I[G[ËÍË ∫ ∫ ∫ I[[[QG[G[G[Q((gÓÍË ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫I[G( ÔÐ ÖÕϱØËà I ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÑÍÒÑrÌÏÅÐÖÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(jÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÝÈÑÐrËÎÄÏÕÖÕϱØËËÙÄÓÔÐÅÕÇÈÎÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞÑÒÐÓÔÐÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÞÏÌrÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÔ ÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍıÒÄÔ±ÐÊÄÑËÓÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÆÆËÇÈÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ∫I[G( OLP σττ →ËÐÆÐÒÃÔÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍ∫I[G(ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÈÇÈÍÐÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎστÑÒË_τ_{d ÔÈÒÎËÏÄ× ε Ë δ ßÔÐÔ ÑÒÈÇÈÍ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈ ÈÎÄ ÎáÆÑÑε!ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕŲÑÉδε!ÚÕѲŲÑÇÑÆÞÐÌÆÞÎÑLLÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉτ { ( L } L τÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(ÏÉβÑÔÕÌ_τ_ δε̲ŲÑÇÞÆÞÐÌÆÞÎÌÕÑÚ²ÌξL∈(LL LτÇÞÒÑÎÐÄÉÕÔÄÐÉÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑ(L )_στIξξ τ ´∫ I[G(_ εpÅÝÙÏÝÎÑÕÔÈÎÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÙÔÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃËÑÒÈÇÈÍÄËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝpÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆÓÍÕÙÄȱÐÇÄQ Ä ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ÑÐ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎÕ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓà ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÔÒÈÊбÖÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÏÈÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÇÄÏÏÝÎÒÄÏÈÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ rËÎÄÏÄ ÐÔ ÖÕϱØËË ÐÇÏÐÌ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌÔı±Ä±ÔÄÎÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÍËÓÞÍËÚÞÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÐÔÒÈʱÄÏÄÐÔÒÈÊ±Ë Ä ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄàÔÓà ÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝÈ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÐÔÒÈ汀 ÏÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÈ ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ pÇÏıРÎÐÉÏÐÑбÄÊÄÔÞßÔÐÅÕÇÈÔÓÇÈÍÄÏÐÆÑ ÙÔÐÑÒËQ ÐÅÄÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÇÍà ÓÍÕÙÄà ±ÐÇÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÑÐ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎÕ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓà ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÔÒÈʱÐÎ ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÝ Ô ÈÑÒËÆÐÇÃÔ±ÐÇÏÐÎÕËÔÐÎÕÉÈÑÐÏÃÔËàËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËË˱ÐÇÏÐÎÕËÔÐÎÕÉÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËàËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄqÒË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËË ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÑÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ ( µ 5Q ÎÐÉÏÐÇÍà ÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ× ÓÕÎÎ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÔÞ ÏÈ ÆÓÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÝÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌτÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÄÐÔÅÒÄÓÝÆÄÔÞÔÈÓÍÄÄÈÎÝȱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÔ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÎ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛËÎÓÃÓÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÎÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞqÒÐÄÏÄÍËÊËÒÕÈÎßÔÐÐÅÓÔÐÃÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÑÐÇÒÐÅÏÈÈLLqÕÓÔÞ( ¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(µ(Ëτ { ( L } L τ ¶ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ τ( ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÔÈ×ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃÓÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ(ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÉÈÐÓÔÄÆÚË×ÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(LÔ ÈÔÈ×±ÐÔÐÒÝÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃÓÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ(ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎτ(tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎτ( ^(L∈τ(L ( ``τ( ^(L∈τ(L ( `` § ® ® ¢ qÖÔÕß ( ¶ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÉ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÅ5Q(µ(̵( = tÑÈÅOLP ∑τ → ( ∈ τ (( )Lµ(L sÕÎÎËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ ÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔ ÔÐÍޱРÑÐÔÈÎËÏÇȱÓÄÎLÇÍñÐÔÐÒÝ×(L∈τ(¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ(µ(˵( ÔÐÇÄ˵ ( ÓÎÆÑ ÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈÑÐÓÍÈÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËÎÈÒÝqÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐε!ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÌÒÄÏNÙÔе6N( εiÇÈÓÞ ±Ä± ÆÓÈÇÄ 6N ( ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ÔÐÙȱ ÆÓÈ×±ÕÅÐÆÒÄÏÄNÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛË×ÓÃÓÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ( ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÑбÒÝÆÄàÛË×ÈÐ( µ6N ( nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ±Ä± Ë ÆÓñÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ Æ 5Q ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓà ÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË×ÔÐÙȱÓÆÐÈÐÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱Ä6N ( ( µ6N ( LQWÔÐ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊ ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛÈÌÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ ( ÆÓÈÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÈÈȱÕÅÝÒÄÏÄNÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÆÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱È6N ( ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÏȱÐÔÐÒÕàбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ ÔÐÙ±Ë [ tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ 6N ( ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞÔÐÙ±Ë[∈ ( ÙÔÐËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÏÐÓÔÞßÔÐÌÔÐٱ˱ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ6N ( sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÏÈ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃ Ó ÇÐÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈÎ 5Q?6N ( LQW ±ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ 6N ( LQW ÔÐ ÇÐÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÊÄαÏÕÔÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ÓÎ ÍÈÎÎÕ Æ Ñ ÏÈ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛËÎÓÃÓ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ ( ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÎÔÄÎÉÈÍÈÎÎÕÏÄ×ÐÇËÔÓÃÐÔÏÈÐÏÄÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËËδGHIρ ( 5Q?6N ( LQWMqÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓñÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ'ÇËÄÎÈÔÒÄGLDP'ÎÈÏÞÚÈÐÙÈÎδÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛÈÈÓà ÓÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ( µ ( ÅÕÇÈÔ ØÈÍ˱ÐÎÍÈÉÄÔÞÆ6N ( fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÍËGLDP' δËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ [∈' ( ÔÐ ÓÎ ' µ 8[ δ µ 6N ( ÇÈ ±Ä±ÐÅÝÙÏÐ 8[ δ ¶ ÚÄÒÐÆÄà бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ ÔÐÙ±Ë Ø ÒÄÇËÕÓÄ δÒËÓqÕÓÔÞ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ τ ^(L` ¶ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÎÈͱÐÓÔË _τ_ δ Ë (L∈τ( Ô È (L ( Ä Ôı ±Ä± ÇËÄÎÈÔÒGLDP(L δÔÐÆÓËÍÕÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÆÝ``ÚÈ(Lµ 6N ( qÐßÔÐÎÕ'(Lµ6N ( ∑((L ∈ τ ( ( )sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÓËÍÕ6 N ( ∑µ(L µ ( ∈`τ ( (LPµ6N ( ε(L ∈ τ ( ( )rËÓLdÆÈÇÈÎ ÈÛÈ ÐÇÏÐ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈqÕÓÔÞ( ¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐτL L{ ( L } L τ ¶ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈÈÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ(µ(fÍÃÆÓñÐÌÖÕϱØËËIÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÌÏÄ(ÑÐÍÐÉËÎÓÎËστ((σ τ ( ( ) Iξξ)( Lτ ) ∑(L ∈ τ ( ( )IξLµ(L ÔÄÊÄÑËÓÞÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÓÕÎÎËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔ ÔÐÍޱРÑÐ ÔÈÎ ËÏÇȱÓÄÎ L ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×(L∈τ( lı ÆÓÈÇÄ ξL∈(L fÍà ÓËÎÎÈÔÒËË ÊÄÑËÓË ÐÅÝÙÏÝÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈÓÕÎÎÝrËÎÄÏÄÎÐÉÏÐÑÐÄÏÄÍÐËËÊÄÑËÓÝÆÄÔÞÆ ÆËÇÈ στ ∑ I ξL µ(L dÎÈÓÔÐ ÓËÎÆÐÍÄ ÓÕÎÎËÒÐÆÄÏËà ∑(L ∈ τ(L ∈ τËÏÐÇÄÇÍñÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔËÅÕÇÈÎÑËÓÄÔÞ∑ τ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕßg ¶ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÉÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕLLÇÑ ÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÅ5Qτ { ( L } L τ ¶ÉÑ ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉ(µ (̵( gÔÎÌ×ÖвÙÌÄIÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ(ÕÑÓÌÏÅÐÑÇÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ∫ I[G(ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕÑÈÅÌÕÑÎß²ÑÕÑÈŲÑÈÅÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ²ÑÐÉÚÐÞÍÒÓÉÈÉÎ OLP σ τ ( ( ) qÓÌàÕÑÏÉÔτ →ÎÌ ÒÑÔÎÉÈÐÌÍ ÒÓÉÈÉÎ ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÕÑ ÑÐ ÓÅÇÉÐ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÖ∫ I[G(qÒË ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËË ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÓÕÎÎÄ σ τ ( ( ) ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÐÉÒÑÎÐÑÍ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎßÐÑÍ ÔÖÏÏÑÍ ÈÎÄ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅ ∫ I[G(LL¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð fÍÃÆÓñÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτ { ( L } L τÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(±ÄÉÇÝÌßÍÈÎÈÏÔ(LÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÍËÅÐÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃÓÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ(ËÔÐÇÄ(L∈τ(ÓÎÍËÅÐÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃÔÐÇÄ(L∈τ(ÓÎsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐτ τ(`τ(ÑÒËÙÈÎτ(Ëτ(ÏÈËÎÈàÔÐÅÛË×ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆqÐÍÐÉËÎσ τ ( ( ) ∑ I(ξL)µ(LξL∈(L(L ∈ τ ( ( )iÇÈÓÞ ÓÕÎÎËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ Æ ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔÔÐÍޱРÑÐ ÔÈÎ ËÏÇȱÓÄÎ L ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× (L∈τ( pÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÓÕÎÎÝ rËÎÄÏÄ στ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÓÎËστ σ τ( σ τ ( dÓËÍÕÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔËÏÄ(ÖÕϱØËËIÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÄÃÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄÃ0!ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×[∈(ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ_I[_P0qÐßÔÐÎÕ_σ τ ( _P ∑ _IξL_µ(LP0 ∑ µ(L(L ∈ τ ( ( )(L ∈ τ ( ( )bÔı±Ä±ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÍÈÎÎÈ OLP ∑µ(L ÔÐ OLP σ ττ → ( ∈ τ (( )Lτ → ( dÓËÍÕßÔÐÐËÊÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈÓÕÎÎÝστË σ τ( ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐËÎÈàÔËÍËÏÈÔÑÒÈÇÈÍÝÑÒË_τ_{ÑÒËÙÈÎÈÓÍËßÔËÑÒÈÇÈÍÝÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔÐÐÏËÒÄÆÏÝjÊ ßÔÐÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄ ËÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÏÄÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ÔÐÑÒËÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËËËÏÔÈÒÄÍııÑÒÈÇÈÍÄËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎÆÏË×ÎÐÉÏÐ ÐÔÅÒÄÓÝÆÄÔÞ ÆÓÈ ÓÍÄÄÈÎÝÈ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÎÒÄÊÅËÈÏËñÐÔÐÒÝÈÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÒÄÏËÙÏÝÈÔÐÙ±ËËÅÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ( ∂(ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ jÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÔıÉÈ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà I ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄËÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÏÄËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ (ÔÐËÊÎÈÏÈÏËÈÈÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌÏÄÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(µ(ÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÆÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔȱÐÔÐÒÐÐÓÏÐÆÄÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÄÃÏÄ(ÖÕϱØËÃÏÈÆÍËÃÈÔÏËÏÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞÖÕϱØËËÏËÏÄÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÔ ÖÕϱØËË ÈÓÍË ÐÏ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔÐ ÓÒÄÊÕÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐÑÒËÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÎËÊÎÈÏÈÏËËÖÕϱØËÌÓÕÎÎÄ σ τ( ÏÈÎÈÏÃÈÔÓÃÄÆÓËÍÕÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÈÓÍËÈÈÑÒÈÇÈÍÑÒË_τ_{ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔÐÐÏÒÄÆÈÏËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ∫I[G(OLP σ τ( ∫I[G(τ →jÊßÔÐÐÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÃÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÖÕϱØËÃIÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌÏÄËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ÔÐÇÄËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÔÐÇıÐÇÄÏÄßÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÆÓñÄÃÖÕϱØËà ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛÄÃÓà ËÊ I ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝÎ ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËÈÎ ÈÈ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌÆÒÄÏËÙÏÝ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×Ô ÈÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ( ∂(ÔıËÎÙÔÐßÔË ÊÏÄÙÈÏËà ÐÓÔÄàÔÓà ÐÇÏıРÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝÎË qÒË Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÐÑÈÒÄØËË ÏÈ ÎÈÏÃÈÔÓÃ Ë ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫I[G( dÓÈßÔÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐÒÄÏËØÄËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÄÊÏÄÙËÔËÍàÅÄÃÈÈÙÄÓÔÞËÎÈàÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞËÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÐÔÖÕϱØËË ÑÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ ( ÏÈ ÊÄÆËÓÃÔ ÐÔ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÌ ÖÕϱØËË ÆÒÄÏËÙÏÝ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÈÓÍËÔÐÍÞ±ÐßÔËÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÝ` ³ÕÛÇÓÔÄÐÄÂÏÊÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÂqÒÐÓÔÈÌÚËÎ ÑÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐ rËÎÄÏÕ ÖÕϱØËËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÄÃÙËÓÍÐÆÄÃÖÕϱØËÃIÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÄÃÏÄÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ( µ 5Q ÎÈÒÄ hÐÒÇÄÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÒÄÆÏÄLÏÕÍàµ( dßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτ { ( L } LLτÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞµ(L ÇÍÃÆÓÈ×L LτÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎ ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ÔÐÙȱ ξL∈(L ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ IξLµ(L ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÎστ στIξξ( Lτ )Lτ ∑ IξLµ(L LpÔÓàÇÄ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÏ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàστ ∫ I[G( τOLP→qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÖÕϱØËà I ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÄ Æ ÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÐÏÄ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞ Ë ÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ jÏÄÙÈ ÐÆÐÒà ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÝÎÇÍÃÈÈËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÑÐ rËÎÄÏÕ ÏÄ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÎ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎ ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈdÓÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÇÍÃËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËÑÐrËÎÄÏÕÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈÕÓÍÐÆËÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËÅÝÍÐÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÝÎ ÓÎ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ Æ Ñ pÇÏÄ±Ð Ó ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÎÆËÇÐËÊÎÈÏÈÏËÈÎ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ÐÅ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔË ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌÖÕϱØËË Ð±ÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÌ Ë ÇÍà ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÐÊÇÈÓÞËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄqÒÈÇÆÄÒËÔÈÍÞÏÐÇбÄÉÈÎÍÈÎÎÕ § ® ® ¢ qÖÔÕß ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÉÐÅ ÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏ ÒÑLhÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ(τ { ( L } LLτ¶ ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉ àÕÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ Ì ( τ ¶ ÑÆÝÉÈÌÐÉÐÌÉ ÇÔÉØ àÎÉÏÉÐÕÑÇ àÕÑÑ ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÄÌÏÉáÜÌØÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÖáÏÉÓÖ ( τ µ(`>0 (LLgÔÎÌ×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( τÕѲŲÑÇÑ ÆÞ ÐÌ ÆÞÎÑ ÚÌÔÎÑ 0 ! ÏÑÊÐÑ ÕŲ ÇÞÆÓÅÕß ÕÑÚ²ÌξL∈(LÚÕÑ ÆÖÈÉÕ ÔÒÓÅÇÉÈÎÌÇÑ ÐÉÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑLτL∑ IξLµ(L !0qÖÔÕß×ÖвÙÌÄIÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÉÐÅÐÅÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( gÔÎÌ Ö ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ( ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕÔ²ÑÎßÖÑÈÐÑÏÉβÌÉÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÄÈÎIJÑÕÑÓÞØ×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅÐÅÑÆÝÉÈÌÐÉÐÌÌÇÔÉØÌØàÎÉÏÉÐÕÑÇÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑÍÏÉÓÞÕÑ×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÐÅ(¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Í Ç Î Î Ý qÐÕÓÍÐÆËàÍÈÎÎÝÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ( τÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÎßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆ(LÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÎÈÒÝ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τ qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÆÓñÐÈ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ±Ð³ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª §ÏÈÙÏÐÐÙËÓÍÄßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆ ( τÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÏÈÙÏÐÌÓÕÎÎÐÌÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(L∈τqÐßÔÐÎÕÈÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃIÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ( τÔÐÐÏÄÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄËÏÄÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ (L ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÎÈÒÝ qÕÓÔÞ ÇÍà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔË ßÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(dÓËÍÕÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËIÏÄ(ÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÅÒÄÔÞÔıÕàÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞξ Q( )∈(Q ÙÔÐÅÕÇÈÔËÎÈÔÞÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ OLP Iξ Q( ) iÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈαÄQ→±ËÎÍËÅÐÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÐÓÔÄÍÞÏÝÈÔÐÙ±ËξL∈(LÑÒËL LτLτqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÓÕÎÎÄ ∑ IξLµ(L ¶ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ËLLτµ(!ÔÐÆÓÕÎÎÈIξ Q( )µ( ∑ IξLµ(L ÑÒËQ{ÑÈÒÆÐÈLÓÍÄÄÈÎÐÈÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓñÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÓÔËÄÆÔÐÒÐÈ ¶ÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÐÈpÔÓàÇÄLτOLP I ( ξ Q( ) )µ( ∑ IξLµ(L Q→LqÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÙËÓÍÄ0!ÎÐÉÏÐÑÐÇÐÅÒÄÔÞÔıÐÌÏÐÎÈÒQ Q0ÙÔÐÅÕÇÈÔÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÎÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐLτI ( ξ Q( ) )µ( ∑ IξLµ(L !0L¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ó Í Ç Æ Ó Ô Ä Ê á gÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà I ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(Ô ÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÑÒÈÇÈÍLτOLP ∑ IξLµ(L ∫ I[G(τ →LÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ε ! ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÇÍà ε ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈLLδ!ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌτ { ( L } L τÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ_ δÑÒËÍàÅÐÎÆÝÅÐÒÈÔÐÙȱξL∈(L∈τÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐLτL∑ IξLµ(L´∫ I[G( ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐLτ∫ I[G(´ ∑ IξLµ(L ∫ I[G(LÔ ÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÆÓÈ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎστÑÒË_τ_ δÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐgÓÍËÉÈÖÕϱØËÃIÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÃÔÐÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ τ ÎÈͱÐÓÔË _τ_ δ ÇÍñÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÖÕϱØËà I ÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ÏÄ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËË ÆÓÈ× ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÎÈÒÝßÔÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃtÐÇÄÑÐÍÈÎLτÎÈÓÕÎÎÕ ∑ IξLµ(LÎÐÉÏÐÓÇÈÍÄÔÞÓ±ÐÍÞÕÐÇÏÐÅÐÍÞÚÐÌLÑÐ ÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÐÌ ÆÈÍËÙËÏÈ ÊÄ ÓÙÈÔ ÆÝÅÐÒÄ ÔÐÙȱ ξL∈(L∈τ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÔıÄà ÖÕϱØËà ÏÈ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ¶ ÇÍÃÏÈÈÏÈÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆËÈqбÄÉÈÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË ÑÒÈÏÈÅÒÈÙÞ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÔÐÆÓñÄÃËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÃÖÕϱØËÃÅÕÇÈÔÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ×ÖвÙÌÄIÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ(ÕÑÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕŲÑÉÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ(µ(ÏÉÓÞÐÖÎßµ( ÚÕÑ×ÖвÙÌÄIÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅÐÅ(?(¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄ(ËÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ Æ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÏÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ dÐÊÞÎÈÎÍàÅÐÈδ!˱ıÐÈÍËÅÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈτ ^(L`ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ_ δpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊ ( τÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÆÓÈ×ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÎÈÒÝtÐÇÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(? ( τÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÎ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ (L∈τ ÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÐÏÐÓÄÎÐËÎÈÈÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞµ(? ( τ dÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈßÔÐÐÑÐÓÇÈÍÄÏÏÐÎÕÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËàÖÕϱØËÃIÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ( τpÔÓàÇÄÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËàËÊÍÈÎÎÝÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎÙÔÐÖÕϱØËÃIÏÈËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄqбÄÉÈÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÆÄÉÏÐÐ ±ÍÄÓÓÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÔÈÐÒÈÎÄÐÅÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÖÕϱØËË ÑÐÍÏÐÓÔÞà ÓÐ×ÒÄÏÃÈÔÓà fÍà ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄßÔÐÐÑÐÏÄÇÐÅËÔÓÃÐÇÏÄÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ÄÃÍÈÎÎÄ § ® ® ¢ oÉÒÖÔÕÑÉ ÒÉÓÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÉ ËÅϲÐÖÕÑÑ QÏÉÓÐÑÑ ²ÖÆÅ Ô ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÞÏ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÏ QÏÉÓÐÑÑ ÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÅ ÌÏÉÉÕÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÖáÐÌÊÐááÏÉÓÖhÑÓÈÅÐų § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª § fÎÄ ÎáÆÑÑ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÑ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÑ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕÔ²ÑÎßÖÑÈÐÑÏÉβÌÉÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÄÇÔÉàÎÉÏÉÐÕÞ²ÑÕÑÓÞØÌÏÉáÕÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÖáÏÉÓÖ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Í Ç Î Î Ý qÕÓÔÞ4 ¶ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÌQÎÈÒÏÝ̱ÕÅ* ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ5QË4 * lıÐÆÄÅÝÏËÅÝÍÄÔÐÙ±Ä[∈4 *ÆÓËÍÕÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÄÃÈÈбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8[ÙÔÐ``8[µ*oÈÔÒÕÇÏÐÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃÙÔÐÆÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ8[ ÆÓÈÇÄ ËÎÈÈÔ4ÓÃÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃÃÔÐÙ±Ä\±ÕÅÄ 49\dÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÎÐÉÈÔÓÍÕÙËÔÞÓÃ\*ÙÔÐÓÄÎÄÔÐÙ±Ä[ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÔ[ÒÈÏÏÈÌÇÍñÕÅÄ4ËÔÐÇÄÎÐÉ8[ÏÐ ÆÊÃÔÞ \ [ gÓÍË ÉÈ [ ¶ÒÄÏËÙÏÄÃÔÐٱıÕÅÄ4ÔÐÐÏÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÒÄÏËÙÏÐÌ Ë ÇÍà ÎÏÐrËÓÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÈÐ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË× ÔÐÙȱqÐßÔÐÎÕ ÈÈ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 8[ ÊÄÆÈÇÐÎÐ ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏààÔÐÙ±ÕÖ±ÕÅÄ4ÒËÓ dÓËÍÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÔÐÙ±ËÓÎÑ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÄÃÈÈбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ9\ÙÔÐ9\µ4dÓËÍÕËÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝƱÍàÙÈÏËÃ``8[ 9\µ8[µ*8[ 9\µ4`ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ`8[ 9\µ4 *`tı±Ä±\∈8[Ë\∈9\ÔÐÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ8[ 9\ÏÈÑÕÓÔÐËÅÐÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÆÐÆÓñÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÔÐÙ±Õ\fÄÍÈÈÅÕÇÕÙËÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÎ ÇÆÕ× ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÐÏÐ ÔıÉÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÎ Ë ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÎ Ñ µ>8[ 9\@ ! d ÓËÍÕÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐÓÔËÏËÉÏÈÌÎÈÒÝÓÎÍÈÎÎÕÆÑ ËÊËÎÈÈε>8[ 9\@Pµ4 *jÊÇÆÕ×ÑÐÓÍÈÇÏË×ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÃÆÓÔÆÕÈÔÙÔе4 *!````¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ó Í Ç Æ Ó Ô Ä Ê á qÕÓÔÞ*¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÆ5QÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐiÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈÎÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ5Q ÏıÕÅÝÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐÒÄÏÄNnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆбÕÅÐÆ4ßÔÐÐÒÄÏÄËÎÈàÛË×ÏÈÑÕÓÔÐÈÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÓÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ*ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÏÈÙÏÝÎËÅÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*ÆÓËÍÕÈÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔËÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐ qÈÒÈÏÕÎÈÒÕÈÎ ÆÓÈ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÈ ±ÕÅÝ 4 4 4 L τnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(L 4L * L LτËÊÎÈÒËÎÝËÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔ`LÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ τ { ( L } LLτ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ Ó ÐÇÏÐÌLτ`ÓÔÐÒÐÏÝ (L 4L * µ * ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ L` (L µ * Ä ÓÇÒÕÐÌ ¶±ÄÉÇÄÃÔÐÙ±Ä[∈*±Ä±ËÆÓñÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ5Q ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔ ×ÐÔà ÅÝ ÐÇÏÐÎÕ ±ÕÅÕ 4 ÒÄÏÄ N [∈4 *tÐÇÄ4 *∈τÔ È4 4LÑÒËÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎLÑÐßÔÐÎÕ[∈4L (```LτLτ(LµL` (LtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎL` (L *```fÄÍÈÈ(L (Mµ4L 4MgÓÍËÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ4L 4MÏÈÑÕÓÔÐÔÐ ÐÏÐ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ±ÕÅ ÒÄÊÎÈÒÏÐÓÔË ÎÈÏÞÚÈÌ ÙÈÎ QËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÖ˱ÐÎÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÇÄÉÈÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÖÕϱØËËÏıÐÎÑıÔÈqÐßÔÐÎÕÈÐÎÈÒÄÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍàµ4L 4M ÐÔ±ÕÇÄ˵(L (M L MoıÐÏÈØÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÍÈÎÎȵ(L!L LτpÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÓ±ÐÍÞÕÐÇÏÐÎÈͱËÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÆËÇÄ fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ±Ä±ÐÆÐ ÅÝ ÏË ÅÝÍÐ δ ! ÇÐ``Q δ GLDP 4 ´N Q ¶ÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÆÊÃÔÞÔıÐÌÒÄÏNÙÔÐÅÝ NÇËÄÎÈÔÒ±ÕÅÄ4ÒÄÏÄNÔÐÇÄ`GLDP(L GLDP4L *PGLDP4L ´N Q δL LτËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ_τ_ δ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÐÅ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉÕÑÑÐÅÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐŦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ ÖÕϱØËà I ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄ ÏÄ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ * tÐÇÄ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÄÏÄÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËËÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÃËÊÍÈÎÎÝÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÓ±ÐÍÞÕÐÇÏÐÎÈͱËÈÈÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà ÆÓÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÝ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ËÎÈàÔ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÎÈÒÕgÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà I ÅÝÍÄ ÅÝ ÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ ÏÄ * ÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËàËÊÍÈÎÎÝÐÏÄÅÝÍÄÅÝÏÈËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë ÈlıÆËÇÏÐËÊÑÒËÆÈÇÈÏÏÐÐÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÓÔÞ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * ÑÐÔÒÈÅÐÆÄÍÄÓÞ ÍËÚÞÇÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÑбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÈÐ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÓ±ÐÍÞ ÕÐÇÏÐ ÎÄÍÐÌ ÎÈͱÐÓÔË ÆÓÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÝ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ËÎÈàÔÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÎÈÒÕ tÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÐÅÍÄÇÄàÛË× ßÔËÎ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÎ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞ ÏÄ ÏË× ÖÕϱØËÌÆÍÈÙÈÔÊÄÓÐÅÐÌË×ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔÞmȱРÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃ Æ ÔÐÎ ÙÔÐ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ* ÍàÅÐÐ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * ÔıÉÈ ËÎÈÈÔÓ±ÐÍÞ ÕÐÇÏÐ ÎÈͱËÈ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà ÎÈÒÄ ÆÓÈ× ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÄ fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÓÏÐÆÄ ÆÊÃÔÞÆÓȱÕÅÝ4LÒÄÏÄNËÎÈàÛËÈÓ*ÏÈÑÕÓÔÐÈÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈtÐÇÄÐÏËÅÕÇÕÔËÑÐÇÄÆÏÐËÎÈÔÞÏÈÑÕÓÔÐÈÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÓÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈÎ *ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*4L *¬4L * qÒËßÔÐÎÔı±Ä±``6N*µÊÄαÏÕÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐË*µ6N*ÔÐ *µ6N*sÍÈ``ÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÈÓÍË ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÞ (L 4L * ÇÈ 4L * ÔÐτ ^(L`ÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔÑбÒÝÔËÈÊÄÎݱÄÏËà * ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*ËÅÐÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱6N*ÓÐÓÔÐËÔÔÐÍÞ±ÐËÊÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×±ÕÅÐÆ4Luqrbhogojg qÐÓÔÒÐËÔÞ ÑÒËÎÈÒ ÖÕϱØËËÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌË ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÎÈÒÝgÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà I ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ÏÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ÔбıËÆÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÎÐÉÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÞÆÈÒ×ÏËÈËÏËÉÏËÈÓÕÎÎÝfÄÒÅÕ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß I ¶ ×ÖвÙÌÄ ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄ ÐÅ ÌËÏÉLÓÌÏÑÏ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( τ { ( L } LÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(Lτ¶ ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉPL LQI I[0L VXS I[L Lτ.[ ∈ (L[ ∈ (LtÑÈÅÔÖÏÏÞLτLτVτ ∑ PL µ(L6τ ∑ 0L µ(LLLÐÅËÞÇÅáÕÔÄ ÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÉÐÐÑ ÐÌÊÐÌÏÌ Ì ÇÉÓØÐÌÏÌ ÔÖÏÏÅÏÌfÅÓÆÖbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÕ ÓÍÕÙÄà ÓÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÆÑ ÇÍà ÓÕÎÎ fÄÒÅÕ ÖÕϱØËÌ ÎÏÐË× ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× ÆÆÐÇËÔÓÃÑÐÏÃÔËÈÑÒÈÇÈÍÄÑÒË_τ_{fÍÃÓÕÎÎfÄÒÅÕËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎrËÎÄÏÄÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÐÙÈÆËÇÏÝÈÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄVτPστP6τ.lı Ë ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËÌ ÐÇÏÐÌ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌ ÇÍà ÍàÅÝ× ÇÆÕ×ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌτËτÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ V τ P 6 τ ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ fÎÄÕÑÑÚÕÑÆÞÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄÐÅÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ(µ5Q ×ÖвÙÌÄIÆÞÎÅÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÑÍ ÒÑ rÌÏÅÐÖ ÐÅ àÕÑÏ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ÐÉÑÆØÑÈÌÏÑ Ì ÈÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÑÚÕÑÆÞOLP 6τ´Vτ τ →qÓÌÇÞÒÑÎÐÉÐÌÌàÕÌØÖÔÎÑÇÌÍOLP 6τ OLP Vτ ∫ I[G(τ →τ →uÓÍÐÆËÈÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÎÕLτOLP ∑ ωI(Lµ(L τ →LÇÈωI(L ¶±ÐÍÈÅÄÏËÈÖÕϱØËËIÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(L∈τ ^(L`fбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐ ßÔÐÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÑÒÐÆÐÇËÔÓà ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÕ ÓÍÕÙÄà Ë ÒȱÐÎÈÏÇÕÈÔÓà ÑÒÐÇÈÍÄÔÞ ÙËÔÄÔÈÍà ÆÓÍÕÙÄÈÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÑÐÔÒÈÅÏÐÓÔËÓÄÎÐÓÔÐÃÔÈÍÞÏÐuqrbhogojg sÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÑÒÈÇÈÍÐÆ ¶ÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÈÌËËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕëε¶δÔÈÒÎËÏÐÍÐË଴ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅ ÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏ ÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖ²ÑÏÒŲÕÉÕÑÑÐÅÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÐÅÐÉϦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ( ¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ̱ÐÎÑıÔ(µ5QÄI ¶ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÃÏÄÏÈÎÖÕϱØËÃdÓñÄÃÖÕϱØËÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÃÏıÐÎÑıÔÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÓÎÑ ËÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÓÎÑ ÏÄÏÈÎqÐßÔÐÎÕËÊÇÈÓÞÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÑÒÐÔȱÄÈÔÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÕÓÍÕÙÄàÓÎÑ ÍȱÐÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃÐØÈϱÄLτL∑ ωI(Lµ(LPωδτIµ(ÇÈωδIµÎÐÇÕÍÞÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËIjÊßÔÐÌÐØÈÏ±Ë ÓÒÄÊÕ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈËËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞÖÕϱØËËI °ÃÊÏÔÇÅÒÊÒÕÇÎÐÓÔÊÒÂÉÒÝÄÏÝ×ÖÕÏÌØÊËoÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔÞÖÕϱØËËÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÝÎÕÓÍÐÆËÈÎËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ Ë ÒÄÊÒÝÆÏÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÝÈÖÕϱØËËfÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÚËÒбË̱ÍÄÓÓÒÄÊÒÝÆÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌÕÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÈÔÓÃÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÐÌ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅ ÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏ ÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖ²ÑÏÒŲÕÉÌÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÉÉÕÑÚɲÓÅËÓÞÇÅÌÏÉÉÕÊÑÓÈÅÐÑÇÖÏÉÓÖÐÖÎßÕÑàÕÅ×ÖвÙÌÄÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÒÑrÌÏÅÐÖ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞÖÕϱØËÃIÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄËÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÏıÐÎÑıÔÈÔ ÈÏÄÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÎÊÄαÏÕÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(µ5QdÓËÍÕÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËIÏÄ(ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÄÃÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄÃ0!ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×[∈(ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ_I[_P0qÕÓÔÞ(µÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔÐÙȱÒÄÊÒÝÆÄÖÕϱØËËIqÐÕÓÍÐÆËà ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ µ( ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÐε!ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÌÒÄÏNÙÔÐεµ6N( Q 0ÔÐ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊ ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÎÈÒÝ OLP µ6N( qÕÓÔÞ ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ 6N( ÓÐN → ÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ±ÕÅÐÆ 4 4 4O pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ 3M ±ÕÅ ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛËÌÓÃËÊ4MÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÎÑÐÇÐÅËÃÓØÈÏÔÒÐÎÆØÈÏÔÒȱÕÅÄ4M˱ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÎÑÐÇÐÅËÃÒÄÆÏÝÎÔÒÈÎÔÐÇĵ3M Qµ4MM OOqÐÍÐÉËÎ3 M`3MdÓËÍÕÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÎÈÈÎOOOε µ3 µ M`3MP ∑ µ3M ∑ Qµ4M Qµ6N( 0MMpÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ3ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃËÊ6N(бÄÌÎÍÈÏËÈÎÑÐÓÍÈÇÏÈÐÑÐÍÐÓÐ̱ÕÅÐÆÓÒÈÅÒÄÎËÇÍËÏÝ´NÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓñÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ$ÓÇËÄÎÈÔÒÐÎGLDP$ÎÈÏÞÚËÎÙÈδNÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛÈÈÓÃÓÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ6N(ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆ3ÒËÓ `GLDP$ ´N$ 6N( A $µ3pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÙÈÒÈÊ * ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË× ÔÐÙȱÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱Ä6N(pÙÈÆËÇÏÐ* ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÄÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÑÐÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ(ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ)(?*ÔıÉÈÊÄαÏÕÔÐÑÒËÙÈÎÆÓËÍÕÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔË(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ)ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐÑÐßÔÐÎÕ) ¶±ÐÎÑıÔfÄÍÈÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÍÈÉËÔ ÆÏÕÔÒË ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ豀 6N( Ô È ( µ * ±Ä±ÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞ ÆÝÚÈ ÓÎ Ñ ßÔÐ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ËÆÝÔȱÄÈÔËÊÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱Ä6N(ÓÎ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐ ÍÈÎÎÝ pÔÓàÇÄ ÃÆÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËà IÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ ) ÄÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ±ÒÐÎÈ ÔÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔ$ÆÐ)ËÊÎÈÒËÎбıÒÄÊÏÐÓÔÞÇÆÕ×ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ( Ë * ÔÐÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÖÕϱØËà I6N((ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄ ÏÄ ) qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÇÍÃÆÝÅÒÄÏÏÐÐ ÆÝÚÈ ε ! ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈδ!ÙÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τ) ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ) ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ)_ δÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ6 τ ´V τ ε)rËÓ)ÇÈ6 τ Ë V τ ¶ÆÈÒ×ÏËÈËÏËÉÏËÈÓÕÎÎÝfÄÒÅÕÖÕϱØËËIÓÐ))ÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËàτ)ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ)qÕÓÔÞδ PLQ^´Nδ`LLτ¶ ±Ä±ÐÈÍËÅÐ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÎÈͱÐÓÔËGHI_τ_ δpÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐτ) ^(L )`ÇÈ(L ) ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÊτ { ( L } L``ÅËÈÏËÈÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ)ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ)_P_τ_ δËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓËÍÕÇÍÃτ)ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐqÐÍÐÉËÎ0L VXS I[PL LQI I[[∈([∈(LLτLLτ6τ ∑ 0L µ(LVτ ∑ PL µ(LLL0 ′L VXS I[P′L LQI I[``[∈(L)[∈(L)∑ 0 ′Lµ(L )V τ) ∑ P′Lµ(L )```)(L)≠`6τ (L)≠lÄÉÇÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ (L∈τ ÍËÅÐ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃ Ó * ÍËÅÐ ÏÈÔdÓÍÕÙÄÈÏÈÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÃÔ ÈÈÓÍË(L * ÔÐ(Lµ)ËÇÍÃÔıË×ËÏÇȱÓÐÆLËÎÈÈÎ0L 0 ′L(L ) (LiÄÎÈÔËÆ ÙÔÐ Æ ÏÄÑËÓÄÏÏÝ× ÏËÉÈ ÓÕÎÎÄ× ÆÓÈ ÓÍÄÄÈÎÝÈÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÑÐÍÕÙËÎ``∑ 0L´PLµ(L ∑ 0 ′L ´P′Lµ(LP``(L*=ε∑ 0 L′´P L′µ(L ) 6 τ)´V τ) ``P(L*=(L*=`gÓÍËÉÈ(L * ÔÐÆÓËÍÕË(Lµ3ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍÃßÔË×ËÏÇȱÓÐÆLÓÎÈÛÈε` (LPµ3 ∑ µ(L µ ( *≠∅0`L`(L*≠jÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÃÐÙÈÆËÇÏÝÈÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ_PL_P0_0L_P0L LτÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÆÝÔȱÄàÛËÈËÊËÑÒËÎÈÏÃÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞ∑ 0L´PLµ(LP ∑ >_0L__PL_@µ(LP``(L*≠P 0ε∑ µ(L `(L*≠(L*≠jÊËÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔÐLτ6τ´Vτ ∑ 0L´PLµ(L`(L*=εε∑ 0L´PLµ(L ε`L∑ 0L´PLµ(L(L*≠pÔÓàÇÄ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞ ÖÕϱØËËIÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ( ³ÄÐËÓÔÄÂÌÒÂÔÏÐÅÐÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÂdßÔÐÎÑÕϱÔÈÅÕÇÕÔÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÝÓÆÐÌÓÔÆıÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÈ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÔ ÖÕϱØËË ÐÇÏÐÐ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐ ÑÐ ÐÔÒÈÊ±Õ oÄÑÐÎÏËÎ ÙÔÐ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞ ±Ä±ÐÌÍËÅÐÖÕϱØËËÑÐrËÎÄÏÕÏÄÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÈÔÈÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔÞÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕ qÖÔÕß ( ¶ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÉ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ ÕÑÈÅ ∫ G( µ(fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÑÐÇÝÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÄÃÖÕϱØËÃLÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÒÄÆÏÄÈÇËÏËØÈqÐßÔÐÎÕÈÓÍËτ { ( L } L±ÐÔÐÒÐÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÔÐÓÎLτ¶ÏÈLτ∫ G( OLP ∑ µ(L µ(τ →L qÖÔÕß ( Ì ( ¶ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÉ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ( µ ( Ì×ÖвÙÌÄIÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅÌÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÐÅ(ÕÑÈÅÑÐÅÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ Ì ÐÅ (dÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ( g?gÔıÉÈËÊÎÈÒËÎбıÒÄÊÏÐÓÔÞ ÇÆÕ× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ qÕÓÔÞ τ ^ ( L` ¶ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÎÈͱÐÓÔË _τ_ Ë τ ^ ( M` ¶ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ_P_τ_tÐÇÄτ ^ ( L ( M`ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ_ _τ_gÓÍËωτ ∑ ωI( Lµ ( L∑ ωI( Mµ ( MËττ ωτ ∑ ωI ( Lµ ( LτÔÐÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐPωτPωτoÐ OLP ωτ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕτ →OLP ωτ τ → ÐÔ±ÕÇÄËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞÖÕϱØËËIÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ÓÎ bÊÊÎ×ÎÉÒÓÖ×à ÎÒ×ËÕÇÐÇ ÔÓ ÑÒÓÌËÖ×ÉÇÑ gÔÎÌ (′Ì (′′ ¶ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÉ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ( (′ ` (′′ (′ (′′ Ì ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅ Ì ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÐÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ (ÕÑ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÞ ∫ I[G(′Ì ∫ I[G(′′ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕ Ì`∫ I[G( ∫ I[G(′∫ I[G(′′sÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ∫ I[G(′ Ë ∫ I[G(′′ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÏÕÉÇÄÈÔÓÃ Æ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈ ÍËÚÞ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄqÕÓÔÞτ′ ^ (′L`Ëτ′′ ^ (″M `µÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(′Ë(′′tÐÇÄτ ^ (′L (″M `ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ËÈÐÎÈͱÐÓÔÞÒÄÆÏÄÏÄËÅÐÍÞÚÈÌËÊÎÈͱÐÓÔÈÌÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌτ′Ëτ′′_τ_ PD[^_τ′__τ′′_`qÕÓÔÞξL∈ (L′ ηM∈ (″M σ τ′ ∑ IξLµ (′Lστ ∑IηMµ (″M στ σ τ′σ τ″τ′τ′′dÓËÍÕËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËIÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ((′Ë(′′,OLP στ ∫I[G( OLP σ τ′ ∫I[G(′ OLP σ τ″ ∫I[G(′′τ →τ″ → τ′ → qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇà ± ÑÒÈÇÈÍÕ Æ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈ ÑÒË _τ_ { ÑÐÍÕÙËÎi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë ÈgÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄËÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ( ÔÐ ÐÏÄ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄ Ë ÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(LQWÈÐÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË×ÔÐÙȱÑÒËÙÈÎ∫ I[G( ∫ I[G(LQWÔÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÔı±Ä±( (LQW`(?(LQWµ(?(LQW ÓÎÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈÆÑi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È sÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÐÅÒÄÔËÔÞ ÆÏËÎÄÏËÈ ÏÄ ÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈÐÅÓÔÐÃÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÎÐÉÈÔÓÍÕÙËÔÞÓÃÙÔÐÖÕϱØËÃIÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄ ÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ( (′ ` (′′ ÇÈ (′ Ë (′′ ¶ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (′ (′′ jÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ∫ I[G(′ Ë ∫ I[G(′′ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÄËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ I[G(ÏÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔqÐÃÓÏËÎ Ó±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÈ ÏÄ ÑÒËÎÈÒÈ qÕÓÔÞ U ϕ ¶ ÑÐÍÃÒÏÝȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝÔÐÙ±ËÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË`ÈÓÍËU IUϕ ϕ ÈÓÍËU ϕ Pπ(′ ^Uϕ)U ` ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ̱ÒÕg′′ ^UϕU ` ¶Ð±ÒÕÉÏÐÓÔÞ pÙÈÆËÇÏÐ µ(′′ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÏÈÓÎÐÔÒà ÏÄ ÔÐ ÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËÃIÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÏÄ(′′ÐÏÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄË ∫ IUϕG(′′ sÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ Ë ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ IU ϕG(′ pÇÏıРËÏÔÈÒÄÍ∫ IU ϕG( ÑÐ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÎÕ ±ÒÕÕ ( (′ ` (′′ ÏÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÓÐÅÐÌÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ Õ ÏÈÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ Ó±ÐÍÞ ÕÐÇÏÐ ÎÈͱËÈ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà ÆÓÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÝ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ËÎÈàÔ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÎÈÒÕsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÎ ÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈ ± ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÆÓñÄà ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÃÏÄ(ÖÕϱØËÃÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÄÊÄÇÄÏÏÄÃÖÕϱØËÃIÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÏÈËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄdÄÉÏÐÐÔÎÈÔËÔÞÐÇÏıÐÙÔÐÇÍÃÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌÑÐÇÐÅÏÐÌ ÓËÔÕÄØËË ÅÝÔÞ ÏÈ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÈÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà I ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ËËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ×(′Ë(′′(′ (′′ ÔÐÐÏÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄËÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ( (′`(′′ÑÒËÙÈÎÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÔÐÅÕÇÈÔÇбÄÊÄÏÐÆÑ iÄÎÈÔËÎ ÍËÚÞ ÙÔÐ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ±ÐÇÄ ÐÇÏÐ ËÊ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ (′ËÍË (′′ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÒÕ ÏÕÍÞ ÔÐ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌÖÕϱØËË I ÏÄ Ë× ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËË Æ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËË ÈÈ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÏÄ ±ÄÉÇÐÎ ËÊ ÏË× ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞ ÑÐÙÔË ÇÐÓÍÐÆÏÝÎ ÑÐÆÔÐÒÈÏËÈÎ ÒÄÓÓÕÉÇÈÏËÌ ÑÒÐÆÈÇÈÏÏÝ× ÑÒË ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ d ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÑÕÓÔÞ I ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄË ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ÏÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ× (′ Ë (′′ µ(′ ( (′ ` (′′ tÐÇÄ ÈÓÍË ±Ä± Ë Æ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÎ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈÑÐÓÔÒÐËÔÞÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*¬(′ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(′ËÒÄÈÔÊÇÈÓÞÒÐÍÞÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ËÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ Ë ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÞ ) (?* ÔÐ ÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞ ) µ (′′ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÖÕϱØËÃIбÄÉÈÔÓÃËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ)ÐÔ±ÕÇÄ±Ä±Ë ÆÝÚÈÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÈÈËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ÄÊÏÄÙËÔÆÓËÍÕÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄËÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÇÈ ∫ I[G(′ jÊ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÖÕϱØËà IÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÄÃÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËË (ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÅÝÍÄ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄ ÏÄ ( ÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐ Ë ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÐÏÄÅÝÍÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÈÐÊÄÎݱÄÏËË (ÑÒËÙÈÎ∫ I[G[ ∫ I[G[`((fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÍËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÑÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕgÔÐÔı±Ä±ÒÄÏËØÄ∂gËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄgËÎÈÈÔÎÈÒÕÒÄÆÏÕàÏÕÍàÔÐ˵(?( Ôı±Ä± (?(µ∂(qÐßÔÐÎÕ ∫ I[G[ (?(ÄÔı±Ä± ( (`(?(ÔÐÆÓËÍÕÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÆÝÚÈ∫ I[G[ ∫ I[G[ ∫ I[G[ ∫ I[G[(((?((oÄÐÅÐÒÐÔÈÓÍËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍÑÐÊÄÎݱÄÏËà ( ËÊÎÈÒËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÔÐÆÓËÍÕÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÐÏÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÑÐÓÄÎÐÎÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ mÎÒËÏÒÓÖ×à ÎÒ×ËÕÇÐÇ gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÌ I Ì I ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÞ ÐÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( ÕÑ ÈÎÄ ÎáÆÞØ ÚÌÔÉÎ λ Ì λ ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ >λI[ λI[@G( Ì ÔÒÓÅÇÉÈÎÌÇÑ ÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑ∫ >λI[λI[@G( λ∫ I[G(λ∫ I[G( gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÌ I Ì J ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÞ Ì ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÞ ÐÅÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÏ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ÕÑ Ì ÌØ ÒÓÑÌËÇÉÈÉÐÌÉ Ì ÑÕÐÑÛÉÐÌÉIJÒÓÌ LQI_J_!ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÞ ÐÅ àÕÑÏ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ( jÒ×ËÕÎÕÓÉÇÒÎË ÒËÕÇÉËÒÖ×É gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÌ I Ì J ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÞ ÐÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( Ì ÈÎÄ ÇÔÉØ [∈( ÇÞÒÑÎÐÄÉÕÔÄÐÉÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑI[PJ[ÕÑ∫I[G(P∫ J[G( gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ Ì ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅ ÐÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( ÕÑ Ì ÉÉ ÅÆÔÑÎáÕÐÅÄ ÇÉÎÌÚÌÐÅ _I_ ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÐÅ ÐÉÏ ÒÓÌÚÉÏ_∫I[G(_P∫ _I[_G(fбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÓÆÐÌÓÔƶÑÒÐÆÐÇËÔÓÃÓÐÆÈÒÚÈÏÏÐÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÕÓÍÕÙÄàÓÎÑ nÓÒÓ×ÓÒÒÓÖ×à ÎÒ×ËÕÇÐÇ Ó× ÒËÓ×ÕÎÚÇ×ËÐàÒß٠ؾұÚÎÏÔÓÑÒÓÌËÖ×ÉÇÑgÔÎÌ(Ì( ¶ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÉÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(µ(×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÅÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅÌÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÐÅ ( ÕÑ∫I[G(P∫ I[G(fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÓËÍÕÓÆÐÌÓÔÆËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ∫ I[G(Ë ∫ I[G(?(ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔË∫ I[G( ∫ I[G(∫ I[G(?(qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕI[OÔÐÆÓËÍÕÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ∫ I[G(?(OÄÐÔÓàÇÄËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ qÖÔÕß ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ Ì ÐÉÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÅÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ * [∈* ×ÖвÙÌÄ IÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅ Ç ÕÑÚ²É[ÌI[!tÑÈÅ∫ I[G*!fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËË I Æ ÔÐÙ±ÈÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ε ! ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÄà бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 88[ßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×[∈8ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏ[ÓÔÆÐI[´ε I[ I[εqÒËßÔÐÎÆÓËÍÕÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 8 ÆÓÈÇÄ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÝÅÒÄÔÞ Ôı ÙÔÐÅÝ8µ*()[ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎÇÍÃÏÈÐÔıÕàбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8dÝÅÒÄÆε IÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× [ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛË× ßÔÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÎ()I[ pÔÓàÇÄ ÑÒËÎÈÏÃà ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÆÐÌËÎÈÔÞ I[ ! ÓÔÆÄËÏÄÌÇÈÎÙÔÐ()()I[ I[ ∫G8 µ8!∫ I[G*O∫I[G8O ËÅе8!±Ä±ÎÈÒÄÆÓñÐÐÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄpÔÎÈÔËÎÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈËÊÓÆÐÌÓÔÆij § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª § gÔÎÌ×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÌÐÉÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÅÐÅÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*ÌÐÉÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÕÑÊÈÉÔÕÇÉÐÐÞÏÐÖÎÉÏÕÑ∫I[G*! qÓÐÒÇÆ ÇÊÊÎ×ÎÉÒÓÖ×à ÎÒ×ËÕÇÐÇ ÔÓ Ó×±Õß×ßÑ ÑÒÓÌËÖ×ÉÇÑgÔÎÌ**P ¶ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÉ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÞÉ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ*Pµ*PP ` *P *P Å×ÖвÙÌÄIÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÕÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*ÕÑOLP ∫ I[G[ ∫ I[G[P→*P*fбÄÉÈÎ ÓÏÄÙÄÍÄ ÙÔÐ ËÊ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÌ ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ ËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐOLP µ *P µ *P→qÕÓÔÞ ÊÄÇÄÏÐ ε ! ÔÐÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÌ ÒÄÏ N ÙÔÐÓÎ˵* ¶ε µVN*nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ * ÅÕÇÕÙË ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐ qÐßÔÐÎÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ VN* ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝ× ±ÕÅÐÆ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕßÔÐÔ±ÐÎÑıÔÍÈÉËÔÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*ÆÓËÍÕÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓËÓÔÈÎÄ^*P`ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÈÐÑбÒÝÔËÈÎÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÎËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËsÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈeÈÌÏȵcÐÒÈÍÃÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ ËÊßÔÐÐÑбÒÝÔËÃÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÇÈÍËÔÞ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈÑбÒÝÔËÈÓÏÐÙÔÐÈÓÍËP ¶ÏÄËÅÐÍÞÚËÌÏÐÎÈÒÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ*PÆ×ÐÇÃÛË× Æ ßÔÐ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ÑбÒÝÔËÈ ÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÌËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐƱÍàÙÈÏËÈVN*µ* P jÊÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËƱÍàÙÈÏËÌVN*µ* P µ*Pµ*P!PËÎÈÈÎÑÒËP!Pµ*´ε µVN*Pµ*PPµ*ÔÐËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄfбÄÉÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐvÕϱØËÃIÅÕÇÕÙËËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÏÄ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ * ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ÓÎ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ pÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔÞÖÕϱØËËIÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈÔıÐÌÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÐÌF!ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱ[∈*ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ_I[_PFqÐßÔÐÎÕ ∫ I[ G[ 0P 0∫ I[G[´ ∫ I[G[ 0 ∫ I[G[ P0 **P*?*P*?*PP F ∫ G[ 0Fµ*?*P Fµ*´µ*P{00*?*PÑÒËN{Ô ÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÇбÄÊÄÏÐi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È pÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ *P ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛÄà ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎËcÐÍÈÈÔÐÐßÔÕÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞÎÐÉÏÐÇÄÉÈÆÝÅÒÄÔÞÔıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÙÔÐÏÈÔÐÍÞ±ÐÓÄÎËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*PÏÐËË×ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÃ*PÅÕÇÕÔÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÞÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*``*P * P *P qÒËßÔÐÎÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*PËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÔÐÐÏËÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÝ sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÝ Ë Ë× ÊÄÎݱÄÏËà * P ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ±ÐÎÑıÔÄÎË d ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ ÔıË× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ*PÎÐÉÏÐÆÊÃÔÞÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*P VP*LQW`ÇÈ ±Ä± ÐÅÝÙÏÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ VP* ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ PÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛË×ÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*qÒÐÆÈÒËÎ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈ ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ Ë ÇÍà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ sÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÐÙÈÆËÇÏÝÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ*P VP*LQW VP*LQW *P``fбÄÉÈÎÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÓÏÐÙÔÐËÊ*P VP*LQW VP* *ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ` *P *P ``sÇÒÕÐÌÓÔÐÒÐÏÝÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÔÐÙ±Ë[∈ * Æ ÓËÍÕ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÈÈεбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8[εε!ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÄÃÓÃÆ*8[ε *gÓÍËÒÄÏP±ÕÅÐÆÔıÐÆÙÔбÕÅQ εÔÐÆÓȱÕÅÝßÔÐÐÒÄÏÄËÎÈÈÔÇËÄÎÈÔÒÎÈÏÞÚÈεÔÈ PÒÄÏÄ P ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÈ ÔÐÙ±Õ [ ÍÈÉÄÔ Æ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 8 [ εÔÐÙ±Ë[ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*qÐßÔÐÎÕ[∈V P *LQW *P`jÔıÈÓÍË[∈*ÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÌÒÄÏPÙÔÐ[∈*PËÊÏÄÙËÔ* P`*P``jÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÌ Ë Ë ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ oıÐÏÈØ* P V N ( * ) LQW VN*LQW VN* *ÔÈÕÓÍÐÆËÈÔıÉÈÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏÐi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È qÐÃÓÏËÎ ÑÐÙÈÎÕ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÑÐÍÏÐÌ ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔÞà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ gÓÍË ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄ*PÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ∫ I[G[ ÊÄÎÈÏËÔÞÒÃÇÐÎ∫ I[G[ P∑ *∫I[G[*P?*PÇÍñÐÔÐÒÐÐßÔÄÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞà ÙÄÓÔËÙÏÝ× ÓÕÎÎ ÔÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÆ ÆËÇÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ∫ I[G[ ∫ I[G[ P∑ **∫*P?*PI[G[* *`*P?*P`sÆÐÌÓÔÆÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÓÕÎÎÈÓÙÈÔÏÐÌÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔËÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛË×ÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÅÝÔÞÒÄÆÏÝÎÓÕÎÎÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÑÐßÔËÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÑÐÍÏÐÌÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔÞàËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ tËÓÕËÑÇ Ó ÖÕËÊÒËÑ gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÌ I Ì J ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÞ ÐÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( 5Q P P I [ P 0 [∈( Ì ×ÖвÙÌÄ J[ ÐÉ ÏÉÐÄÉÕ ËÐŲ ÐÅ ( ÕÑ ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÕŲÑÉ ÚÌÔÎѵPPµP0ÚÕÑ∫ I[J[G[ µ ∫ J[G[((³ § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª § gÔÎÌ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ *µÑÆÎÅÔÕß ×ÖвÙÌÌ I Ì JÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÞIÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÅJÐÉÏÉÐÄÉÕËÐŲÐÅ*ÕÑÇÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕŲÅÄÕÑÚ²ÅξÚÕÑ∫ I[J[G[ Iξ ∫ J[G[**sÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÐÓÒÈÇÏÈÎÇÍÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÐÔÒÈʱÕËÏÈÔÒÈÅÕÈÔÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃÐÅÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌÔı±Ä±ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏÐ ÍËÚÞ ÏÄ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËË ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆ ÓÎ Ñ d ÐÓÏÐÆÈ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ ÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËà ÍÈÉËÔ ÔÄ ÉÈ ËÇÈà ÙÔÐ Ë ÆÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÐÇÏıРÐÏÐ ËÎÈÈÔ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÐÓÐÅÈÏÏÐÓÔËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÑÒËÆÈÇÈÎÈÐdÓËÍÕËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËIÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÐÏÄÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÔÈÐÒÈÎÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕÈÈÏËÉÏÃÃP LQI I[ËÆÈÒ×ÏÃÃ0 VXS I[ÒÄÏ˱ÐÏÈÙÏÝÏÄÐÅÍÄÓÔË*[∈*[∈*´ PPI[P0 [∈*gÓÍËÙËÓÍеÆÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÕ P µ 0 ÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÏËÉÏÈÌ Ë ÆÈÒ×ÏÈÌÒÄÏÈÌÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔıËÈÔÐÙ±Ë[∈*Ë[∈*ÙÔÐI[ µ I[pÔÓàÇÄÆÓËÍÕÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÓÆÃÊÏÐÓÔËÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÏÄÏÈÌÖÕϱØËËIÏÄÌÇÈÔÓÃÔıÄÃÔÐÙ±Äξ∈*ÙÔÐIξ µÓÎÑËÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÇбÄÊÄÏÄqÕÓÔÞµ PËÍ˵ 0ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒµ 0tÐÇÄËÊÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÑÒ˵ 0ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ∫ 0´I[J[G[ *gÓÍË ∫ J [ G[ ÔÐ ÏÄ ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËË ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ *ËÎÈÈÎ ∫ I [ J [ G[ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ *ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÑÒËÍàÅÐÎÆÝÅÐÒÈÔÐÙ±ËξÆÐÅÍÄÓÔË*qÕÓÔÞ ∫ J[G[≠ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ*∫ J[G[!*vÕϱØËÃJÏÈÎÈÏÃÈÔÏÄ*ÓÆÐÌÊÏısÍÕÙÄÌJ[P[∈*ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÔÕÓÍÐÆËàqÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱ[∈*ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐJ[OsÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÑÐÍÏÐÌ ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÑÐ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎÓÎÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐËÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËàËÊÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ`` ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*ÇÍñÐÔÐÒÐÐ* * *ËÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ∫ J[G[!*d ÓËÍÕ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔË ÐÅÍÄÓÔË * ÐÏÄ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐ Ë ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ * ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÏÐ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ gÓÍË ÅÝ ÏÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÍÄ ÔÐÙ±Äξ∈* ƱÐÔÐÒÐÌIξ 0ÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱ[∈ * ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÍÐÓÞÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ0´I[![∈* sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÇÐÓÔËÉËÎÐÓÔË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ ÖÕϱØËÈÌÓÆÐÈÐÏÄËÎÈÏÞÚÈÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃËÎÈÈÎP PLQ 0´I[![ ∈ *qÐßÔÐÎÕ∫ 0´I[J[G[O ∫ 0´I[J[G[O**OP ∫ J[G[*!ÔÐ ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÔ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÕ sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÄÃÔÐÙ±Äξ∈* µ*ÙÔÐIξ 0sÍÕÙÄ̵ P ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÔÓÃÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ¬ÒÊÔÇÒÊÊÊÏÔÇÅÒÊÒÕÇÎÐÓÔÊÖÕÏÌØÊ˲ÊÎÂÏÂʦÂÒÃÕÊÊ×ÓÍÇÆÓÔÄÊáqÕÓÔÞ ÖÕϱØËà I ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄ Ë ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ÏÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎ ÑÐL LhÐÒÇÄÏÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ( τ { ( L } L τ ¶ ÈÐ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ PLLτLτLQII0L VXSIVτ ∑ PL µ(L6τ ∑ 0L µ(L ¶ÏËÉÏÃÃË(L(LLLÆÈÒ×ÏÃÃÓÕÎÎÝfÄÒÅÕÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËàτqÐÍÐÉËÎ, VXSVτ, LQI 6τττ, ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÐÌÊÐÌÏ Ä , ¶ ÇÉÓØÐÌÏ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏ fÅÓÆÖÖÕϱØËË I p±ÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÙÔÐ ÏËÉÏËÌ Ë ÆÈÒ×ÏËÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝfÄÒÅÕ ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÏÈ ÔÐÍޱРÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÆÈÒ×ÏÈÌ Ë ÏËÉÏÈÌÒÄÏÞàËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎfÄÒÅÕÏÐËË×ÑÒÈÇÈÍÐÎÑÒËÕÓÍÐÆËËÙÔÐÎÈͱÐÓÔÞÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓñÏÕÍà´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÅ ÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ(ÕÑ, OLP Vτ, OLP 6τ.τ →τ →¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð uÓÔÄÏÐÆËÎÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞÑÈÒÆÐÌÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÆÔÐÒÄà ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ qÕÓÔÞ _I[_ P 0[∈(Äε!ÊÄÇÄÏÐdÓËÍÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈτ ^( L`ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÙÔÐVτ!, ´εLτiÇÈÓÞVτ ∑ P Lµ ( L P L LQIIL LτqÕÓÔÞ(µL(LÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÒÄÏËØ∂( LÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ( LLτ( L` ∂( LqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ±ÄÉÇÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ( LËÊÎÈÒËÎе∂( L ÑÐßÔÐÎÕµ( sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÌÒÄÏN NεÙÔÐεµ6N( Q0LqбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτ { ( L } LÆÄ(ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ_ ´NÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐLτÎÏÐÉÈÓÔ,´ε VτP,dÓËÍÕÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÓÔËε!ßÔÐËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐ OLP Vτ ,τ →oÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐVτP,ÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÆÝÔȱÄÈÔËÊÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÏËÉÏÈÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ , ÓÎ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÏÄÇÐ ÇбÄÊÄÔÞÍËÚÞÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐVτ!,´εÑÒËÕÓÍÐÆËË_τ_ ´NqÕÓÔÞ6N 6N(ÓÐÓÔÐËÔËʱÕÅÐÆ4 4PbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÔÐÎÕ ±Ä± ßÔÐ ÅÝÍÐ ÓÇÈÍÄÏÐ ÑÒË ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ 3M ±ÕÅ ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛËÌÓà ËÊ 4M ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÎ ÑÐÇÐÅËÃ Ó ØÈÏÔÒÐÎ Æ ØÈÏÔÒÈ ±ÕÅÄ 4M Ë ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÎ ÑÐÇÐÅËÃÒÄÆÏÝÎM PqÐÍÐÉËÎP3 L` 3M* (?3jÊÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÌÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ3Ë*ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*ÐÔÇÈÍÈÏÐÐÔÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱Ä6N(«ÑÐÍÐÓÐ̬±ÕÅÐÆÓÒÈÅÒÄÎËÇÍËÏÝ ´N qÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÐØÈÏËÎ ÎÈÒÕ µ3 jÊ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ 3 ÓÎ Ë ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ËÎÈÈÎ ÓÒÓPPPεµ3 µ L`3MP ∑ µ 3M Q ∑ µ4M Qµ 6N( 0MMfÄÍÈÈ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ $ µ ( Ó ÇËÄÎÈÔÒÐÎ GLDP$ ´N ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛËÎÓà ÓÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ *$ * ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ Ë ÑÒËÔÐÎ ÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ( L∈τÔıÐÈÙÔÐ$µ( L``fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÝÅÈÒÈαıÕàÍËÅÐÔÐÙ±Õ[∈$ *tı±Ä±$µ(ÔÐ[∈(ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÔÐÙ±Ä[ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎßÍÈÎÈÏÔÈ ( L ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τ fÍà ßÔÐÐ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄ Ë ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃƱÍàÙÈÏËÈdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÈÓÍËßÔÐƱÍàÙÈÏËÈÏÈËÎÈÍÐ ÎÈÓÔÄ ÔÐ ÏÄÚÍÄÓÞ ÅÝ ÔÐÙ±Ä \∈$?( L tı ±Ä± [∈$ \∈$ ËGDLP$ ´NÔÐρ[\ ´NsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÔÒÈÊбӱÐÏØÄÎË Æ ÔÐÙ±Ä× [ Ë \ ËÎÈà ÇÍËÏÕ ÎÈÏÞÚÕà ÙÈÎ ´N Ë ÐÇËϱÐÏÈØ [ ÆÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ * ÏÈ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓà ÓÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ6N(Ôı±Ä±ÐÏÐÐÔÇÈÍÈÏÐÐÔ*ÑÐÍÐÓÐÌÚËÒËÏÝ´NpÇÏıРËÊ ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐ ÐÇËÏ ±ÐÏÈØ ÐÔÒÈ汀 ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ ( LÄÇÒÕÐÌÏÈÔÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÓÎ ÍÈÎÎÕ Æ Ñ ÙÔÐ ÏÄ ßÔÐÎ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔÐÙ±Ä ]∈∂( L oÐ ÓÎ ∂( L µ ( µ 6N( Ô È]∈6N( sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÌ ÐÔÒÈÊб ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓà ÓÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ 6N( qÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÐÈ ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÈ Ë ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÆÍÐÉÈÏËÈfбÄÉÈÎÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÓÔÞÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( LÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛÈÐƱÍàÙÈÏËàqÕÓÔÞÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÈÛÈÐÇÏÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( N∈τ ÔıÐÈ ÙÔÐ $ µ ( N N L tÐÇÄ $ µ ( L ( N gÓÍËÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ ( L ( N ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÍÐ ÅÝ ×ÐÔÞ ÐÇÏÕ ÔÐÙ±Õ ÃÆÍÃàÛÕàÓà ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌ ÇÍà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ( L Ë ( N ÔÐßÔÄ ÔÐÙ±Ä ÅÝÍÄ ÅÝ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌ Ë ÇÍà ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ( ( N ÄÔÐÇÄ ËÎÈÍÐ ÅÝ ÎÈÓÔÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ µ( L ( N ! ÔÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÑÒÐÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÔÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÓÎÑ ÆÓËÍÕ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ µ(( L ( N ÑÒË L N sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ±ÄÉÇÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ( L ( NÑÐßÔÐÎÕ˱ÄÉÇÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ $ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÒÄÏËÙÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÑÐ ±ÒÄÌÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÈ ÇÍÃ`````Lτ`ÐÇÏÐÐ ËÊ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ( L ( N oÐ ÔÐÇÄ $ µ L`∂( L ( µµ6N(ÔÐÏÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÔı±Ä±ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ$ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃÓÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ *±ÐÔÐÒÐÈÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃÓ6N(qÒÐÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÈ ÑÐÍÕÙËÍÐÓÞ ËÊ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËà РÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËË ÆÔÐÒÐÐßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄ ( NËÊτÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÈÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ$sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÔıÐÌßÍÈÎÈÏÔÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏM MdÐÊÞÎÈÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÈ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ τ { ( M } M τ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ_ ´NoËÉÏààÓÕÎÎÕfÄÒÅÕMτVτ ∑ PMµ(MPM LQI I[M Mτ[∈(MMÒÄÊÐÅÞÈÎÏÄÇÆÄÓÍÄÄÈÎÝ×ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË×ÔÈÎ(M±ÐÔÐÒÝÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃÓÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ*ËÔÈαÐÔÐÒÝÈÓÏËÎÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ØÈÍ˱ÐÎ ÍÈÉÄÔ Æ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ 3ÓÎVτ ∑ PM µ(M ∑ PM µ(M`( M * ≠ (M ⊂ 3jÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÈÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ_PM_P0M MτÇÈ_I[_P0[∈(ËÐØÈϱÕÑÐÍÕÙËÎεε ∑ PM µ(M P ∑ _PM _µ(MP0 ∑ µ(MP0µ3 00 (M ⊂ 3(M ⊂ 3(M ⊂ 3dÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË ∑ PM µ(M!´εqÐßÔÐÎÕËÊËÎÈÈÎ(M ⊂ 3Vτ! ∑ PM µ(M´ε`( M * ≠ tÈÑÈÒÞÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐGLDP (MP_τ_ ´NÑÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍñÄÉÇÐÐ (M ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛÈÐÓà ÓÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ * Æ ÓËÍÕ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈ ( L∈τ ÙÔÐ (M µ ( L pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ *LÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ÆÓÈ× ÔÈ× (M ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃ Ó * Ë ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÆ ( L*L ` (M( ⊂( ML`(M *≠ ∅∑`eÒÕÑÑËÒÕÃÆÓÕÎÎÈ( M * ≠ PMµ(MÓÍÄÄÈÎÝÈÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÈÓÃÆÐÇÏÐÎËÔÐÎÉÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*LÊÄÑËÚÈÎÈÈÆÆËÇÈ∑`( M * ≠ LτP M µ(M ∑L∑ P Mµ(M (M ⊂ *LfÍà ÐØÈÏ±Ë ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌ ÓÕÎÎÝ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐL L τÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÎÕÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÕ`( L ( L *L`( L?*L *L`( L?*LÆÔÐÒÐÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÃ*Lµ( LËÎÈÈÎP Lµ ( L P Lµ*LP Lµ( L?*LP Lµ ( ⊂`* (MP Lµ( L?*L P L ∑ µ(MP Lµ( L?*LML(M ⊂ *MpØÈÏËÎ ÆÔÐÒÐÈ ÓÍÄÄÈÎÐÈ lÄÉÇÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä [∈( L?*L ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉËÔÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ(M∈τ[∈(MÔÐ(MÏÈÎÐÉÈÔÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÔÞÓÃÓ*Ôı±Ä±ÆÓñÐÈ(M∈τÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛÈÈÓÃÓ*ØÈÍ˱ÐÎ ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃ Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÈ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τ ÓÎqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ(M ( LÏÈÑÕÓÔÐ[∈(M ( LÔÐ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ßÔËÎ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÎ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞ ÔÐÍޱРÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( LÔ È(Mµ ( LoÐÔÐÇÄÆÓËÍÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ *L ËÎÈÍÐ ÅÝ ÎÈÓÔРƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ (M µ *L Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ``[∈*L ÔÐ ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÔ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËà ÙÔÐ [∈( L?*L jÔıÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(MÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃÓ*ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ(Mµ3pÔÓàÇÄÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔÐ[∈3tı±Ä±[ ¶ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( L?*LÔÐ ( L?*Lµ 3ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ( L?*Lµ ( L 3jÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆ ßÔРƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ Ë ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎP Lµ( L?*L P 0µ( L 3 qÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆ ßÔÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÆÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞ``P Lµ ( LP ∑ P Lµ(M0µ ( L 3`(M ⊂ *LtÈÑÈÒÞ ÊÄÎÈÔËÆ ÙÔÐ ËÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËà (M µ *L µ ( L ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ P L P PM ÏËÉÏÃà ÒÄÏÞ ÑÐÇÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÏÈ ÎÈÏÞÚÈÙÈÎÏËÉÏÃÃÒÄÏÞÓÄÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÑÐÍÕÙËÎP Lµ( LP ∑ PM µ(M0µ( L 3`(M ⊂ *L∑ PM µ(MOP Lµ ( L´0µ( L 3`ÐÔ±ÕÇÄ(M ⊂ *LqÒÐÓÕÎÎËÒÐÆÄÆ ÐÅÈ ÙÄÓÔË ÑÐL ÐÔ ÇÐ L τ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞL`( M * ≠ τLLLτ`∑LτPM µ(MO ∑ P Lµ(M´0 ∑ µ ( L 3Vτ∗´0 ∑ µ ( L 3`LqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÓÐÍÄÓÏÐLL ∗τε∑ µ ( L 3 µL` ( L 3Pµ3 0L `∑`( M * ≠ `ÔÐτεPMµ(M!Vτ´qÒËÎÈÏËÆ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ËÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∑`Vτ!( M * ≠ εε!,´εPMµ(M´!Vτ´Ô ÈÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐËÔÈÐÒÈÎÄÇбÄÊÄÏÝsÈÈÑÐÎÐÛÞàÎÐÉÏÐÕÓÔÄÏÐÆËÔÞÇÆıÒËÔÈÒËÃËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌÖÕϱØËË´ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÌÒÊÔÇÒÊË ¦ÂÒÃÕ pÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄ ÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ×ÖвÙÌÄ ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÒÑ rÌÏÅÐÖÕÑÈÅÌÕÑÎß²ÑÕÑÈŲÑÈÅÉÉÇÉÓØÐÌÍÌÐÌÊÐÌÍÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÞfÅÓÆÖÓÅÇÐÞ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ,Ë, ¶ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÏËÉÏËÌË ÆÈÒ×ÏËÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ fÄÒÅÕ ÖÕϱØËË I ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ ÏÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈgsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄgÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÎVτP,P,P6τo È Ð Å × Ð Ç Ë Î Ð Ó Ô ÞÕ Ó Í Ð Æ Ë Ã, ,gÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ÔÐÓÎOLP 6τ´Vτ τ →ËÔı±Ä±P,´,P6τ´VτÔÐ, ,f Ð Ó Ô Ä Ô Ð Ù Ï Ð Ó Ô Þ Õ Ó Í Ð Æ Ë Ã, ,gÓÍË, ,ÔÐÆÓËÍÕÔÈÐÒÈÎÝOLP 6τ´Vτ OLP 6τ´ OLP Vτ ,´, τ →τ →τ →ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈËÊÑ ÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÌÒÊÔÇÒÊË ²ÊÎÂÏ pÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄ ÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏ ÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ(×ÖвÙÌÄ IÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÒÑrÌÏÅÐÖ ÕÑÈÅ Ì ÕÑÎß²Ñ ÕÑÈÅ ²ÑÈÅ ÈÎÄ ÎáÆÑÑ ε ! ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕŲÑÉÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉτÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(ÚÕÑ6τ´Vτ εÈÉVτÌ6τ¶ÐÌÊÐÄÄÌÇÉÓØÐÄÄÔÖÏÏÞfÅÓÆÖ×ÖвÙÌÌIÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÖáÜÌÉÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌáτ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð gÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ÔÐÇÍÃÏÈÈÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆËÈÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ Æ Ñ sÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔÞ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÑÒÈÇÈÍÄÑÒË_τ_{gÓÍË ÏÄÐÅÐÒÐÔ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓà ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ ÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕÑÒËÍàÅÐÎε!ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐP,´, ε,ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ, ,pÔÓàÇÄÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈËÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔÐÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(dÓÑÐÎËÏÄà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÓÎ Ñ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕËÊÑ ËÔÈÐÒÈÎÝËÑÐÍÕÙËÎÇÍÃÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÌ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔÞ ÓÍÈÇÕàÛË× ÑÃÔË ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÐÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( Õ É ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÒÓÉÈÉÎ OLP στ ∫ I[G(τ → OLP 6τ´Vτ τ →LτL OLP ∑ ωI(Lµ(L τ { ( L } Lτ →LLτ¶ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ( ÈÎÄ ÎáÆÑÑ ε ! ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÕŲÑÉ ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉ τ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(ÚÕÑ6τ´Vτ ε , ,tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËȱÄÉÇÐÐËÊßÔË×ÕÓÍÐÆËÌÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËàËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ I[G(ÑÒËÙÈÎστ OLP Vτ OLP 6τ.∫ I[G( τOLP→τ →τ →i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È fбÄÊÄÏÏÝÈ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÑÐÊÆÐÍÃàÔ ÔÈÑÈÒÞÅÈÊ ÔÒÕÇÄ ÇбÄÊÄÔÞ ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔÞ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÑÐ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎÇÍÃÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌÓÎÑ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ Æ ÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÎ ÆËÇÈ ÉÔÎÌ ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄ ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÐÅ ÐÉÒÉÓÉÔɲÅáÜÌØÔÄ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅØ ( Ì ( ÕÑÑÐÅ ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ Ì ÐÅ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ( ( ` (fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÈÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà I ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ Ë ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ×(Ë(ÔÐÆÓËÍÕÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐ ε ! ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τ Ë τ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(Ë(ÔıËÈÙÔÐ6 τ ´V τ ε 6 τ ´V τ εqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ τ τ ` τ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ((`(ËÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÈÈÎÕÆÈÒ×ÏÃÃ6τËÏËÉÏÃÃVτÓÕÎÎÝfÄÒÅÕÆÝÒÄÉÄàÔÓÃÙÈÒÈÊÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÈÓÕÎÎÝfÄÒÅÕÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÎτËτÑÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎ6τ 6 τ 6 τ Vτ V τ V τ ÔÐÆÝÙËÔÄÃËÊÑÈÒÆÐÐËÊßÔË×ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÆÔÐÒÐÈÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎÆÓËÍÕ6τ´Vτ 6 τ ´V τ 6 τ ´V τ εjÊÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÃßÔÐÐÕÓÍÐÆËÃÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÓÏÐÆÄÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÙÔÐÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë ÈlıÕÉÈÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞÆÑ ÇÍÃÖÕϱØËÌÐÇÏÐÌÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝ×ÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÄ×ÎÝÒÄÓÑÐÍÄÄÈÎÇÆÕÎÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÄËÎÈÏÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÎ ÇÄÏÏÝÎ Æ Ñ ¶ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌ ÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÔÐÍޱРÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±Ë Ë ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÎ ËÊ Ñ ¶ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞàÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÏÄÍàÅÝÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÈÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÔËÇÆÄÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝfбÄÉÈÎ ßÔÐ j ÑÒË ÑÈÒÆÐÎ Ë ÆÔÐÒÐÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËË ÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÝÎ ÕÓÍÐÆËÈÎ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔÞÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÖÕϱØËË ÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ ËÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈ ± ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ Æ Ñ ÐÔÒÈÊб ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈÎËÏÔÈÒÆÄÍÄ Ô È ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈÎ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ qÐßÔÐÎÕÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÕà ÏÄ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ ÖÕϱØËàIqÕÓÔÞÇÍÃßÔÐÌÖÕϱØËËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍLτ, OLP ∑ IξLµ(Lτ →LLLÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÑ Ô ÈÇÍÃÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ×ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌτ { ( L } L τÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ÏÄËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÈÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(LtÐÇÄÈÓÍËÐÒÄÏËÙËÔÞÓÃÍËÚÞÙÄÓÔÞàÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌτÇÍñÐÔÐÒÝ×ÆÓÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(LÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÐÔÒÈʱÄÎËÔÐÑÒË_τ_{ÑÒÈÇÈÍËÏÔÈLτÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎ ∑ IξLµ(LÑÐÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌÔıÉÈLÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÅÕÇÈÔÒÄÆÈÏÔÐÎÕÉÈÙËÓÍÕ,sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÍËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÑ ÔÐÐÏÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÑ DqÕÓÔÞÏÄÐÅÐÒÐÔÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍ, ∫ I[G[ÆÓÎÝÓÍÈEÑ tÐÇÄÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈËÊÑ OLP 6τ´Vτ τ →ÇÈ τ ¶ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÐÔÒÈ汀 >D E@ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±Ë sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐε!ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈδ!ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓñÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ÏÄÐÔÒÈʱËÇÍËÏÏÈÑÒÈÆÝÚÄàÛË× δÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ 6τ ´ Vτ ε oÐ ÕÉÈ ËÊ ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÑбÒÄÌÏÈÌÎÈÒÈÐÇÏÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈτÇÍñÐÔÐÒÐÐÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓà ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ 6τ ´ Vτ ε ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈßÔÐÐÑÕϱÔÄÙÔÐÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÑ jÔıÐÅÄÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÐÔÒÈʱÕÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÕÓÍÕÙÄàÇÍÃÖÕϱØËÌÎÏÐË×ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× ÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÔÓÃ Ë ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ±ÒËÔÈÒËÌ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËÆÔÈÒÎËÏÄ×ÐÑËÓÄÏËÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÔÐÙȱÒÄÊÒÝÆÄ ÖÕϱØËË ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÝÌ ÔıÉÈ ²ÓÌÕÉÓÌÉÏ mÉÆÉÅ sÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎÈÐnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÆQÎÈÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎQÎÈÒÏÐÌÍÈÅÈÐÆÐÌÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÈÓÍËÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÐ ε ! ßÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑбÒÝÔÞ ÓËÓÔÈÎÐÌ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÚÄÒÐÆÓÕÎÎÄÐÅÜÈÎÐƱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÎÈÏÞÚÈε± Ò Ê Î Ç Ò Ý nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÉÐÒÇÄÏÐÆÄ ÎÈÒÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍàÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÍÈÅÈÐÆÐÌÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞ dÓñÐÈÓÙÈÔÏÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÍÈÅÈÐÆÐÌÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞ nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÒÄØËÐÏÄÍÞÏÝ×ÙËÓÈÍÏÄÙËÓÍÐÆÐÌÑÒÃÎÐÌÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒËÎÈÒÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÌÍÈÅÈÐÆÐÌÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÏÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ÎÈÒÝ ÏÕÍÞ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÎÈÒÝhÐÒÇÄÏÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÌÒÊÔÇÒÊËÇÃÇÅÂfÎÄÕÑÑÚÕÑÆÞÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄ ×ÖвÙÌÄ ÆÞÎÅ ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÒÑ rÌÏÅÐÖ ÐÅ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ ÐÉÑÆØÑÈÌÏÑ Ì ÈÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÑ ÚÕÑÆÞÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÕÑÚɲÉÉÓÅËÓÞÇÅÆÞÎÑÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÏÎÉÆÉÑÇÑÍÏÉÓÞÐÖÎßfбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ ±ÒËÔÈÒËà mÈÅÈÄ ÑÒËÆÐÇÃÔÓà ÑÐ ÔÐÌ ÉÈÓ×ÈÎÈÙÔÐËÆÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ ³ÄÇÆÇÏÊÇÌÒÂÔÏÐÅÐÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÂÌÑÐÄÔÐÒÏÐÎÕqÈÒÈÌÇÈÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ± ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎ ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÓÆÃÊÄÏÏÝÎË ÓÐ ÓÑÈØËÖËÙÈÓ±ËÎË ÙÈÒÔÄÎË ÐÔÍËÙÄàÛËÎË ÎÏÐÐÎÈÒÏÝÌÓÍÕÙÄÌÐÔÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÐjÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÏËÈßÔË×ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÙÄÓÔÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÐÅÍÈÙÄÈÔ ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÈ ±ÐϱÒÈÔÏÝ× ±ÒÄÔÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ qÐÍÏÝÈ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÑÄÒÄÒÄÖÈ ÅÕÇÕÔÑÒÐÆÈÇÈÏÝ ÍËÚÞ ÇÍà ÓÍÕÙÄà ÖÕϱØËÌ ÇÆÕ× ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× pÅÛËÌQÎÈÒÏÝÌÓÍÕÙÄÌÆËÇÈÌÏÐÎÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËËÏÈÐÔÍËÙÄÈÔÓÃÐÔÑÍÐÓ±ÐÐÐÇÏıÐÒÄÓÓÕÉÇÈÏËÃÔÄÎÑÒËÏËÎÄàÔÅÐÍÈÈÒÐÎÐÊDZËÌËÎÈÏÈÈÐÅÐÊÒËÎÝÌÆËÇ ³ÄÇÆÇÏÊÇÆÄÐËÏÐÅÐÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÂÌÑÐÄÔÐÒÏÐÎÕqбÄÉÈÎ ÙÔÐ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÖÕϱØËÌ ÎÏÐË× ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×ÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞ ÓÆÈÇÈÏÐ ± ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÕ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËàÖÕϱØËÌÐÇÏÐÌÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌoÄÙÏÈÎÓÔÐÐÙÔÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎÑÐÏÃÔËÈÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄqÕÓÔÞÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÊÄÇÄÏÝÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈÖÕϱØËËϕ[Ëψ[ÔıËÈÙÔÐϕ[Pψ[DP[PEËÑÕÓÔÞÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÒËÓ ( ^[\DP[PEϕ[P\Pψ[`ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄÖÕϱØËÃI[\gÓÍËÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÐ[∈>DE@ÖÕϱØËÃI[\±Ä± ÖÕϱØËà ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐ \ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÈ>ϕ[ ψ[@ Ô È ÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎ [∈>D E@ ÓÕψ[ÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ I[\G\ËÖÕϱØËÃϕ[ψ[)[ ∫ I[\G\\ψ[(ϕ[ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍE ψ[∫ ∫ I[\G\ G[D ϕ[ϕ[DrËÓE [ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÒÑÇÕÑÓÐÞÏÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏËÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÃEψ[Dϕ[∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\vÕϱØËà )[ ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÄà ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏ ËÅÇÌÔÄÜÌÏ ÑÕ ÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÅ [ tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÎ ÐÔ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÊÄÆËÓÃÛÈÐÐÔÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄÓÎÔıÉÈ Ë iÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÐÈ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÐÌ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌ ÎÈÒÝ hÐÒÇÄÏÄ Ë ÊÄαÏÕÔÐ fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ËÊ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËÌ ϕ Ë ψ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔË×ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔÞÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐfÄÍÈÈÈÐÒÄÏËØÄ∂(ÓÐÓÔÐËÔËÊÒÄÖ˱ÐÆÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌϕËψÄÔıÉÈÅÝÔÞÎÐÉÈÔÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÑÒÃÎÝ×[ DË[ ElÄÉÇÐÈËÊÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆËÎÈÈÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ ÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÒÄÏËØÄ∂(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÔıÉÈ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÒÕ ÏÕÍÞ oıÐÏÈØ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÊÄÇÄÈÔÓÃ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÏÈÓÔÒÐË× ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆ D P [ P E ϕ[ P \ P ψ[ ÇÈÖÕϱØËË ϕ Ë ψ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ßÔË ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÐ×ÒÄÏÃàÔÓÃ Ë ÑÒË ÑÒÈÇÈÍÞÏÐÎ ÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÈ Æ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÃ×[Q\Q∈(Q ÐÔ±ÕÇÄËÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÊÄαÏÕÔÐÓÔÞÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ( ¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ̱ÐÎÑıÔfÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÈÕÓÍÐÆËÃÇÍÃÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÓÔËÓÆÈÇÈÏËÃÇÆÕ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍıÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÎÕÇÄàÔÓÃÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÐÌ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕß×ÖвÙÌÄI[\ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ(ËÅÈÅÐÐÑÏ×ÑÓÏÖÎÑÍtÑÈÅEψ[Dϕ[∫ I[\G[G\ ∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\(fбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÕÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÑÒÈÇÑÐÚÍÈÎÓÍÈÇÕàÛÕàÍÈÎÎÕ § ® ® ¢ d ÒÓÉÈÒÑÎÑÊÉÐÌÄØ ÕÉÑÓÉÏÞ ×ÖвÙÌÄÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÐÅÑÕÓÉ˲É>DE@¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Í Ç Î Î Ý qÒÈÉÇÈÆÓÈÐÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎ [∈>D E@ fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÖÕϱØËÃI[\ÅÕÇÕÙËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÑÐÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[Ë\ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÑбÄÉÇÐÌËÊÏË×qÐßÔÐÎÕÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈԱıËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÔÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÑÐ\ÖÕϱØËËÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>ϕ[ψ[@dÝÑÐÍÏËÆ Æ ßÔÐÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈ ÊÄÎÈÏÕ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌ \ ÏÄ W ÑÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ\ ϕ[ψ[´ϕ[WPWPÑÐÍÕÙËÎ)[ ∫ I[ϕ[ψ[´ϕ[Wψ[´ϕ[GWqÐÍÐÉËÎJ[W I[ϕ[ψ[´ϕ[Wψ[´ϕ[qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÖÕϱØËÃJ[WÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÄÒËÖÎÈÔËÙÈÓ±Ë× ÐÑÈÒÄØËÌ Ë ±ÐÎÑÐÊËØËË ËÊ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÌI[ \ ϕ[ ψ[ Ë Æ ÓËÍÕ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ Ð ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÃ×ÓÎÑ ËÐÏÄÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÑÐÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[WÏÄÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱È3 ^[WDP[PE P W P ` tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËË )[ ÓÎ ÆÓËÍÕ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÓÔÐ ÅÐÍÈÈ ÑÒÐÓÔÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ )[ ∫ J[WGWÅÐÍÈÈÑÒÐÓÔÐÈÆÔÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈÙÔÐÆÏÈÎÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÝÑÒÈÇÈÍÝËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃqÕÓÔÞ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ [∈>D E@ [ ∆[∈>D E@ pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊωδ J ÎÐÇÕÍÞ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÓÎ Ñ ÖÕϱØËË J[ WtÐÇÄ_)[∆[´)[_ ∫ J[∆[WGW´∫ J[WGW PP ∫ _J[∆[W´J[W_GWPω_∆[_JvÕϱØËà J[ W ÅÕÇÕÙË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÏÄ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏË±È 3ÃÆÍÃàÛÈÎÓà ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝÎ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ÏÈÎ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÎ Ñ OLP ωδJ pÔÓàÇÄÆÓËÍÕÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÎÈÈÎδ →OLP >)[∆[´)[@ ∆[ → ÙÔÐ Ë ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔÞ ÖÕϱØËË )[ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÕÍÐ̦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ô Ç Ð Ò Ç Î Ý qÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÓÔÐÃÛËÌÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÔ ÈEEψ[DDϕ[∫ )[G[ ∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÎÐÔÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÖÕϱØËËÓÎÍÈÎÎÕËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔfÍà ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÒÄÊÐÅÞÈÎ ÐÔÒÈÊб>DE@ÏÄNÒÄÆÏÝ×ÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÔÐÙ±ÄÎ˵D[L DELL NNNÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÐËÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÖÕϱØËËϕ[ ϕ[[ µ ϕ[ϕ[ ϕ[ ψN[ µ ϕ[MϕM[ ϕ[ ψN[ µ ϕ[N ψ[ϕN[ ϕ[ ψNDP[PEÒËÓ pÙÈÆËÇÏÐËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐqÐÍÐÉËÎψ[ µ ϕ[ϕM[ ϕM´[ M NN( LM( N ) ^[\[L´P[P[LϕM´[P\PϕM[` LM NnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( LM( N ) ÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÈÐ τNÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÒËÓ τN ^ ( LM( N )`qбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐOLP _τN_ N→vÕϱØËË ϕ[ Ë ψ[ ÅÕÇÕÙË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎË ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÈ>D E@ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÝ ÏÄ ÏÈÎ Ô È ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÄà ÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄÃF ! ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× ÔÐÙȱ [∈>D E@ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓà ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ_ϕ[_PF_ψ[_PFËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÆÝÔȱÄÈÔÙÔÐ\Fψ[ ϕ[ P _ϕM[´ϕM´[_P ψ[NN(LMM NDP[P E ϕ[qÕÓÔÞ [ \∈ ( LM( N ) [′ \′∈ ( LM( N )pØÈÏËÎÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËÈDErËÓρ[′\′[\[ ( [′ µ [ ) ( \′ µ \ ) jÎÈÈεD_[′´[_ P EN_\′´\_P_\′´ϕM[′__ϕM[′´ϕM[__ϕM[´\_ PP _ϕM[′´ϕM´[′__ϕM[′´ϕM[__ϕM[´ϕM´[_ PP FωLϕM NÇÈ ωLϕM µ ±ÐÍÈÅÄÏËÈ ÖÕϱØËË ϕM ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >[L ´ [L@ÓÎ Ñ fÍÃßÔÐбÐÍÈÅÄÏËÃËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÐØÈϱÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓÃÛÄÃÐÔÏÐÎÈÒÄM NωLϕMP GHIVXS[[′ ∈ [ [VXS [[′ ∈ [ [[L µ L]´ϕ[_Lµ[ ]L_ϕM[′´ϕM[_ P_ϕ[′´ϕ[_MVXSN [[′ ∈ [ [[L µ L]VXS[[′ ∈ [ [ L µ [ L ]_ϕ[′´_ψ[′´ψ[_PωLϕωLψ ÊÇÈÓÞ MPÔı±Ä±M N ÇÈω ϕËω ψ ¶±ÐÍÈÅÄLLNÏËà ÖÕϱØËÌ ϕ Ë ψ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÄ× >[L ´ [L@ L NlÐÍÈÅÄÏËÃÖÕϱØËÌÐØÈÏËÆÄàÔÓÃÙÈÒÈÊË×ÎÐÇÕÍËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË Ë ÔÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐ ÐÔ ÏÐÎÈÒÄ L ÈÓÍË ωδ ϕ Ëωδψ ¶ÎÐÇÕÍËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËÌϕËψÓÎÑ ÔеDµDωLϕPω Eϕ ωLϕPω Eϕ NNE µ D Ôı±Ä±[ ´[ÑÐßÔÐÎÕLL´ N µDµDPωLϕMω Eϕ ω Eψ NNjÊÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÐØÈϱÄEµDEµD ω ϕ ω ψ _\′´\_PFNNNtÈÑÈÒÞÎÐÉÏÐÐØÈÏËÔÞÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËÈρ[′\′[\ ( [′ µ [ ) ( \′ µ \ ) P_[′´[__\′´\_ PFEµDEµDEµDP ω ϕ ω ψ NNNNpÔÓàÇÄGLDP ( LM( N ) VXS(N)( [\ ), ( [′\′ ) ∈ ( LMρ[′\′[\PµDµ D FµDPEω Eϕ ω Eψ LM N NNNNqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÖÕϱØËË ϕ Ë ψ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ÐÏËËÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÏÄÏÈÎÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ µDµDϕ OLP ω Eψ OLP ω EN→NNiÄÇÄÇËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐ ε ! fÍà ÏÈÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈ ÏÄÔÕÒÄÍÞÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ N ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× ÏÐÎÈÒÐÆ N ! N ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄN→E µ D ε F εEµDEµDε ω ϕ ω ψ N N NNË ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ËÊ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆ Ë ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÏÐÎÈÒÐÆN!NËÆÓÈ×LM NËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÐØÈÏ(N)(N)±ÄGLDP ( LM εÄÔı±Ä±ÓÎÑ _τN_ PD[GLDP ( LM LMÔÐÑÒËÆÓÈ×Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×NËÎÈàÔÎÈÓÔÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ_τN_ εÔÐËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈÕÓÍÐÆËÃtÈÑÈÒÞËÎÈÈÎEψ[Dϕ[[Lψ[[Lµϕ[N∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\ L ∑ ∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\N[LNϕM[∑ ∫ G[ M ∑ ∫ I[\G\L [ϕMµ[LµNN[LϕM[∑ ∑ ∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\L M [LµϕMµ[qÐÍÐÉËÎPLM LQII[\Ë0LM VXSI[\LM N((LMLMiÄÎÈÔËÆÙÔÐÓÎÑ µ(LMÑÐÍÕÙËÎ[L∫ >ϕM[´ϕM´[@G[[Lµ[LϕM[[LϕM[[LµϕMµ[[LµϕMµ[∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\P0LM ∫ G[ ∫ G\[L0LM ∫ >ϕ[´ϕM´[@G[ 0LM µ(LM[LµËÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ[LϕM[∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\OPLMµ(LM[ϕMµ[LµsÑÐÎÐÛÞàÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆËÇÍÃÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎÓÍÈÇÕàÛÕàÐØÈϱÕÙÈÒÈÊÏËÉÏËÈËÆÈÒ×ÏËÈÓÕÎÎÝfÄÒÅÕV τ Ë6τ ÖÕϱØËËI[\NVτ NNNNEψ[Dϕ[∑ ∑ PLM µ(LMP ∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\PL M NNP ∑ ∑ 0LM µ(LM 6τ NMLnÈͱÐÓÔË ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌ τN ÑÒË N { ÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓà ± ÏÕÍà ÓÎÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓËÍÕËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËI[\ÏÄ(ÓÎÑ OLP V N → τN OLP 6τ ∫ ∫ I[\G[G\N→ N*qÈÒÈ×ÐÇÃÔÈÑÈÒÞ±ÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÆÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈÑÒËN{ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë ÈdÐÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆÚËÓÞÔÈÐÒÈÎÐÌËÊÑ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÏÄÓÔÐÃÛÈÐ ÑÄÒÄÒÄÖÄ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÔÈ×ÏËÙÈÓ±Ë ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÕÑÒÐÓÔËÔÞ fÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÆÝÅÒÄÔÞ ±Ä±ÐÌÏËÅÕÇÞÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱3 ^[\DP[PEFP\PG`ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÌÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ÓÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ(µ3ËÑÒÐÇÐÍÉËÔÞÖÕϱØËàIÏÕÍÈÎÏÄÇÐÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈ3?(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÆÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏË±È 3 qÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÄà ÖÕϱØËà ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÈÈ ÔÈÎÉÈ ÓËÎÆÐÍÐÎ I ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄ ÏÄ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏË±È 3 Ôı ±Ä±ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔÐÙȱÈÈÒÄÊÒÝÆÄÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆÒÄÏËØÈ∂(ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(±ÐÔÐÒÄñıËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐËÎÈÈÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞrÄÊÅËÆÏÄNÒÄÆÏÝ×ÙÄÓÔÈÌÐÔÒÈÊб>DE@ÏÄÐÓË2[ËÐÔÒÈÊб >F G@ ÏÄ ÐÓË 2\ Ë ÑÒÐÆÈÇà ÙÈÒÈÊ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÇÈÍÈÏËà ÑÒÃÎÝÈÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎ ÐÓÃÎ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱Ä3ÏÄÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱˵DµDµFGµFP\P M ( LM( N ) [\L´ EP[PL EM´ GNNNL NM NN NµDµF Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÓ ÇÍËÏÄÎË ÓÔÐÒÐÏ ÒÄÆÏÝÎË E Ë GNNÇËÄÐÏÄÍÃÎË ÇËÄÎÈÔÒÄÎË GLDP (LM N( E µ D ) ( G µ F ) qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ÎÈͱÐÓÔÈÌ _τN_ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌ τN^( LM( N )`ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓñÏÕÍà OLP _τN_ N→fÄÍÈÈÒÄÓÓÕÉÇÄÃÔıÉȱıËÑÒËÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÑÐÍÕÙËÎEG∫ ∫ I[\G[G\ D∫ G[ ∫F I[\G\3ÄÔı±Ä±ÖÕϱØËÃIÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍàÆÏÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÔÐÆÓËÍÕÄÇÇËÄÔËÆÏÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎßÔÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÈGiÄÎÈÔËÎ ÍËÚÞ ÙÔÐ ÆÓÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ∫ I[ \G\ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔFÔı ±Ä± ÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÎ [∈>D E@ ÖÕϱØËà I[ \±Ä±ÖÕϱØËÃÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐ\ËÎÈÈÔÏÈÅÐÍÈÈÇÆÕ×ÔÐÙȱÒÄÊÒÝÆÄ Ä ËÎÈÏÏÐ ÏÄ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËË ÐÔÒÈ汀 ÑÐ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎÕ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓà ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ Ó ÒÄÏËØÈÌ ∂( sÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈ ÉÈ ÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ±Ä± Ë ÆÝÚÈ ËÊ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËgÓÍË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( ÔıÐÆÐ ÙÔÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÔıËÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈÖÕϱØËËα\Ëβ\α\Pβ\FP\PGÙÔÐ( ^[\FP\PGα\P[Pβ\`Ä ÖÕϱØËà I[ \ ±Ä± Ë ÒÄÏÞÚÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ( ÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÒÄÆÏÐÑÒÄÆËà ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [ Ë \ ËÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐGβ\Fα\∫ ∫ I[\G[G\ ∫ G\ ∫ I[\G[(gÓÍË ÉÈ ÇÍà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ±Ä± ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ Ôı Ë ÒËÓ ÔÐ ÑÒËÒÄÆÏËÆÄà ÑÒÄÆÝÈ ÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆ Ë ÇÍà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ (ÖÕϱØËËI[\ÑÐÍÕÙËÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ\ψ[Gα\β\(Fϕ[DErËÓEψ[Gβ\Dϕ[Fα\∫ G[ ∫ I[\G\ ∫ G\ ∫ I[\G[ [ÆÝÒÄÉÄàÛÕà ÓÐÅÐÌ ÑÒÄÆËÍÐ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÝÑÐÒÃDZÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÆÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ×pÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÕÓÍÐÆËÃÑÒ˱ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÅÝÍËÇбÄÊÄÏÝÖÐÒÎÕÍÝËÎÐÕÔÅÝÔÞÐÓÍÄÅÍÈÏÝ\\\´*\ **[[[rËÓrËÓ± Ò Ê Î Ç Ò dÝÙËÓÍËÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÐÔ ÖÕϱØËË ] [\ ÑÐ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË * ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ ÙÄÓÔÞà ÑÄÒÄÅÐÍÝ \ [ ËÑÒÃÎÐÌ\ ÒËÓ jÎÈÈÎ \\G[G\ [G[ \G\ [∫∫∫∫∫ *[´´[[G[ ∫ ¶[[G[ ´gÓÍËÔÒÈÅÕÈÔÓÃÆÝÙËÓÍËÔÞÇÆÐÌÏÐÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÑÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÏÈÍÞÊà ÊÄÇÄÔÞ Æ ÆËÇÈ ËÍË ÔÐ ÇÍà ÔÐÐÙÔÐÅÝ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÔÞ ÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÝÈ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÏÄÇÐ ÑÐÑÝÔÄÔÞÓÃÒÄÊÅËÔÞ ÇÄÏÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÏÄ ÙÄÓÔË ±ÄÉÇÄà ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÅÕÇÈÔÕÉÈËÎÈÔÞÆËÇËÍËÒËÓ gÓÍËßÔÐÕÇÄÓÔÓÃÓÇÈÍÄÔÞ ÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÑÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎ ÓÎÑ ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÈÇÄÏÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÓÆÈÇÈÔÓñÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËàËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÑÐÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÎÙÄÓÔÃÎÄÑÐÓÍÈÇÏËÈÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÖÐÒÎÕÍËÎÐÕÔÅÝÔÞÓÆÈÇÈÏݱÐÇÏбÒÄÔÏÝÎuqrbhogojgfбÄÊÄÔÞÖÐÒÎÕÍÕfËÒË×ÍÈE[EEDDD\∫ G[∫ I[\G\ ∫ G\ ∫ I[\G[ °ÃÐÃÛÇÏÊÇÏÂQÎÇÒÏÝËÓÍÕÙÂËrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÓÏÄÙÄÍÄ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÝÌ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ qÕÓÔÞ ( µ 5 ËÖÕϱØËÃI[\]ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄÏÄ(pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊ([\ÑÒÐȱØËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÏÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÕà]ψ[\ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [ Ë \ ÒËÓ ([\ ^[ \ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈ ] ÙÔÐ[\]∈(`(gÓÍËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ( ^[\][\∈([\ϕ[\ϕ[\P]P ψ[\`ÇÈ ÖÕϱØËË ϕ1[ \ Ë ψ[ \ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ([\±ÐÔÐÒÐÈÆÓÆÐàÐÙÈÒÈÇÞÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÎÐÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÆÆËÇÈ\[([\rËÓÄÖÕϱØËÃI[\]ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÏÄËÓ×ÐÇÏÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(ÔÐÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÄÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÈEψ[ψ1[\Dϕ([)ϕ1([\)∫ ∫ ∫ I[\]G[G\G] ∫ G[ ∫ G\ ∫ I[\]G] (pÅÜÈÇËÏËÆÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÇÆÄÆÏÈÚÏË×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎÐÉÏÐÑÈÒÈÑËÓÄÔÞÆÆËÇÈψ1[\∫ ∫ ∫ I[\]G[G\G] ∫ ∫ G[G\ ∫ I[\]G] ϕ1([\)( [\(pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÙÈÒÈÊ ([ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎËÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÏÝÎ˱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÐÓË2[([ ( ^[\][ [``pÅÜÈÇËÏËÆ Æ ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÇÆÄ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÍÕÙËÎE∫ ∫ ∫ I[\]G[G\G] ∫ G[ ∫ ∫ I[\]G\G]D(( ([)tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ Ë ÑбÄÊÝÆÄàÔÙÔÐ Æ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÇÆÄ ÓÑÐÓÐÅÄ ÓÆÈÇÈÏËÃÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ± ÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÎÕ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÈÎÕ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝÎÈÏÞÚÈ̱ÒÄÔÏÐÓÔËdÙÄÓÔÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄȱÐÇÄI[\] ËÎÈÈÎÓÎÓÆÐÌÓÔÆбÒÄÔÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ Æ Ñ ∫∫∫ G[G\G] µ([ µ( ¶ ÐÅÜÈÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ( ∫ G\G] µ([µ([ ¶ÑÍÐÛÄÇÞÓÈÙÈÏËÃ([tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎEµ( ∫ µ([G[D¶ ÐÅÜÈÎ ÔÈÍÄ ÒÄÆÈÏ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ ÐÔ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÓÈÙÈÏËÌ([± Ò Ê Î Ç Ò oÄÌÇÈÎÐÅÜÈÎßÍÍËÑÔËÙÈÓ±ÐÐØËÍËÏÇÒÄÆÝÓÐÔÝKÆÐÓÏÐÆÄÏË˱ÐÔÐÒÐÐ]ÍÈÉËÔßÍÍËÑÓÓÑÐÍÕÐÓÃÎËDËEdÊÃÆÊıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÕà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ [\ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÐÇÏÐÐËÊ ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËÌ ØËÍËÏÇÒÄ Ä ÊÄ ÐÓÞ 2] ¶ ÈÐÐÓÞ ÓËÎÎÈÔÒËË ÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÏÕà ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËÃÎ ÒËÓ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈK[DE\µ( ∫ µ(]G]oÐ(]µßÍÍËÑÓÓÑÐÍÕÐÓÃÎË D Ë E ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÎ ÑÒËÎÈÒ ÆÑ µ(] πDEÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐKrËÓµ( πDE∫ G] πDEKbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÎÕ ÓÍÕÙÄà ±ÒÄÔÏÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ÐÔÖÕϱØËÌ ÍàÅÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× Q ! ÎÐÉÏÐ ÓÆÈÓÔË ±ÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÝÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎ qÕÓÔÞ 5Q ¶ QÎÈÒÏÐÈ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ5Qµ ¶ËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ[Q (µ5Q ( [ [¶ÑÒÐȱØËÃQµÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÏÄËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[[QµÔ È( [ ^[[Qµ [Q[ [Qµ[Q∈(` [ Q µ qÕÓÔÞËÎÈàÔÓÃÔıËÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈÏÄ ( [ [ÖÕϱØËËQµϕ[[QµËψ[[QµÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ(ÓÐÓÔÐËÔËÊÔÐÙȱ[ [[Q µ[QÇÍñÐÔÐÒÝ×[[Q´∈ ( [ϕ[[QµP[QPψ[[Qµ [ Q µ qÕÓÔÞ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( [ [ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ Q ´ ÎÈÒQµÏÐÌ ÎÈÒÝ hÐÒÇÄÏÄ Ë ÊÄαÏÕÔÐ tÐÇÄ ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÇÆÕÎÈÒÏÐÎÕÓÍÕÙÄàÓÎÑ ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÙÔÐ(ÔıÉÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÏÐÕÉÈÆÓÎÝÓÍÈQÎÈÒÏÐÌÎÈÒÝËÊÄαÏÕÔÐÑÐÔÐÎÕÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÎÑıÔÐÎgÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃI[ I[[QÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÏıÐÎÑıÔÈ(ÔÐÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄQÒÄÊ∫ ∫ I[ [QG[G[Q(Q µ ÒÄÊ∫ ∫( [ [QµG[G[Qµψ ( [ [ Q µ )∫ϕ ( [ [ Q µ )I[ [QG[Q ±ÐÔÐÒÄÃÓÆÐÇËÔËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÖÕϱØËËQÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×±ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÕËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËàÖÕϱØËËÐÇÏÐÌÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌËÖÕϱØËËQ´ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×gÓÍËÑÒÐȱØËà ( [ [ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÏÄËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞQµQµ5ÆÓÆÐàÐÙÈÒÈÇÞÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏÄÆÆËÇÈÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÎ ÆËÇÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ÔÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚËÌÓÃ Æ ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ Q ´ ±ÒÄÔÏÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÓÆÈÓÔË ±Q´±ÒÄÔÏÐÎÕqÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÃßÔÐÔÑÒÐØÈÓÓÈÓÍ˱ÐÏÈÙÏÐßÔÐÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÇÄÍÞÚÈÑÒËÇÈαÖÐÒÎÕÍÈÆËÇÄQÒÄÊ∫ ∫ I[[QG[G[Q(Eψ[ψ[[Dϕ([)ϕ[, [∫ G[ ∫ G[∫ψQ´[[Q´G[∫ϕQ´[, [Q´I[[QG[QtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÖÕϱØËË ÐÔ QÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× ÓÆÐÇËÔÓà ± ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÕ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËà Q ÒÄÊ ÖÕϱØËÌÐÇÏÐÌÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÙÈÒÈÊ ( [ [[PÑÒÐȱØËà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ5 [P [ Ä ÙÈÒÈÊ ([ [P ¶ ÓÈÙÈP]ÏËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎËÒÄÊÎÈÒÏÐÓÔË Q ´ P ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛËÎË ÙÈÒÈÊrËÓÔÐÙ±Õ[[PËÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝÎË ÑÐÇÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÕ 5 [P [ pÅÜÈÇËÏËÆ Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ PPÑÈÒÆÝ×ËQ´PÑÐÓÍÈÇÏË×ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÌÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞ]QÒÄÊ∫ ∫ I[[QG[G[Q(Q µ PÒÄÊPÒÄÊ ∫ ∫ G[ G[P( [ [P∫ ∫( ( [ [ P )I[[QG[P G[Q gÓÍË I[ [Q ÏÄ ( ÔÐ ËÊ ßÔÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÑÐÍÕÙËε( ∫ ∫ µ([ [PG[G[P( [ [P± Ò Ê Î Ç Ò dÝÙËÓÍËÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÔÖÕϱØËËI[\] [\]ÑбÐÏÈÙÏÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË(ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÃÎË] [\\ [[ Ë] ÒËÓ qÒËÎÈÏËÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ[[\ ∫ ∫ ∫ [\ ] G[G\G] ∫ [G[ ∫ \ G\ ∫ ] G]*[ ∫ [G[ ∫ \G\ ∫ [G[ °ÃÐÃÛÇÏÏÐÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÞÏÐÇÏÇÒÂÄÇÏÓÔÄЮÊÏÌÐÄÓÌÐÅÐd ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ ÈÛÈ ÐÇÏÐÐ ÑÒËÎÈÒÄ ÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏËà ÑÒÄÆËÍÄ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÝÑÐÒÃDZÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÇбÄÉÈÎÐÇÏÐÙÄÓÔÐÑÒËÎÈÏÃÈÎÐÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÈÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐqÕÓÔÞÖÕϱØËÃI[\ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÏÄÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱È∆^[\ D P [PEF P \PG`tÐÇÄÐÏÄ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÑÒËÍàÅÐÎÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÎ\∈>FG@ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÑÐ[ÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ËÑÒËÍàÅÐÎÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÎ[∈>DE@ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÑÐ\ÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>FG@fÍà ÍàÅÐÐ S ! ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ÑÆÑÆÜÉÐÐÑÉ ÐÉÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑnÌвÑÇÔ²ÑÑG E ∫ ∫∫ _I[\_G[F DqÐÍÐÉËÎSGS EG\ P∫ G[ ∫ _I[\_SG\DFS E)\ ∫ _I[\_G[DvÕϱØËÃ)ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÓÎÍÈÎÎÕÆÑ ËÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÄÏÄÐÔÒÈÊ±È >FG@qÐßÔÐÎÕÈÈSà ÓÔÈÑÈÏÞÔıÉÈËÏÔÈÒËÒÕGÈÎÄËÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÄÏÄßÔÐÎÐÔÒÈʱÈËP∫ )S\G\ GgÓÍË ∫FF)S\G\ ÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËË )ÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞÓÎÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÑ )\ÏÄ>FG@qÐßÔÐÎÕËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÆÓËÍÕÔÐÐÉÈÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎ \∈>F G@ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÓÔÐ I [ \ ÏÄ >D E@ Ô ÈI[ \ ÏÄ ∆ d ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐGqÕÓÔÞ ∫ )S\G\ ! tÐÇÄ ËÊÎÈÏËÆ ÑÐÒÃÇб ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄFÏËÃËÑÒËÎÈÏËÆÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐeÈÍÞÇÈÒÄÑÐÍÕÙËÎÆÓËÍÕGGEEEGFFDDFSSµSµ∫ ) \G\ ∫ ) \ D∫∫ _I[\_G[ G\ ∫ G[ ∫ _I[\_) \G\PEGS GDDFFP∫ ∫ _I[\_SG\TSµ\G\∫)DTG[ÇÈST ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐTSµ SsбÒÄÔËÆÐÅÈGG SÙÄÓÔËÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÏÄÎÏÐÉËÔÈÍÞ ∫ ) \G\ FÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞG ) S\G\ ∫FSEGDDFP ∫ ∫ _I[\_ SG\SG[T ÅÕqÐÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÃ Æ ßÔÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ uÓÍÐÆËÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËË I ÏÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎ ÇÍà ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔË ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ Ë ÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÐÓÍÄÅÍÈÏÐfÍÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄƱÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÖÕϱØËË I ÅÝÍ ÆÊÃÔ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱qÒËÅÐÍÈÈÐÅÛË×ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃ×ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ nËϱÐÆÓ±ÐÐ ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏÏÐÈ ÏÄ ÔÐÌ ÉÈ ËÇÈÈ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÏÄÌÔË ÆÎÐÏÐÒÄÖËË wÅÓÈÌ e e mÌÕÕÎßÇÖÈÅ f g qÑÎÌÅ e oÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄn sµ °ÃÜÇÎQÎÇÒÏÐÅÐÚÂÒÂnÈÔÐÇÐÎ ÓÆÈÇÈÏËà ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ± ÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÎÕ ËÏÐÇÄÕÇÄÈÔÓÃÆÝÙËÓÍËÔÞÊÏÄÙÈÏËȱÒÄÔ±ÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄqÐÃÓÏËÎßÔÐÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÈÑÐÍÕÙÈÏËÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÇÍÃÆÈÍËÙËÏÝÐÅÜÈÎÄQÎÈÒÏÐÐÚÄÒÄÒÄÇËÕÓÄUqÕÓÔÞ9 UQ ^[[ [ [ QPU`¶QÎÈÒÏÝÌÚÄÒÒÄÇËÕÓÄUÓØÈÏÔÒÐÎÆÏÄÙÄÍȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔdÓÍÕÙÄÈÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËQ ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÙÔе 9 U ∫U∫[ \ P UG[G\ ∫µUU µ [ G[ πUpÔÓàÇÄÎÐÉÏÐÏÄÌÔËÐÅÜÈÎÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÐÚÄÒÄÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎUµ 9 U ∫ µ9 UU µ ]G] π∫ U´]G] U qÒËÎÈÏËÎßÔÐÔÎÈÔÐÇÇÍÃÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÃÐÅÜÈÎĵQ 9 UQ ÚÄÒÄ 9 UQÑÒËÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÎQ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÃÙÔеQµ9 UQ µ χQµUQµÇÈχQµ ¶ÏȱÐÔÐÒÄñÐÏÓÔÄÏÔÄ χ πχ π jÎÈÈε9 UQ ∫[ [ [ Q P U U ∫ G[ ∫U[UFRVW ∫ G[G[G[Q∫[ [ [ Q P U µ [ U∫ µQµ 9 Q µ ∫µ [ ∫ G[G[G[QUG[ χQµ ∫ U ¶ [ ) ( Q µ )G[π/π/[UFRVWχQµUQ ∫ VLQQWGW χQUQχQ χQµ ∫ VLQQWGWqÐÍÕÙËÆÚËÌÓÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÅÝÍÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏÒÄÏÞÚÈÓÎÑÒËÎÈÒÑ ÆÔÐÔ±ÕÇÄχQ Q µ ) π ÑÒËQÙÈÔÏÐÎχQµ (Q Q µ )ÑÒËQÏÈÙÈÔÏÐÎχQµ (QtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÇÍñÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆχQÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÄÒȱÕÒÒÈÏÔÏÄà ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ qÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÈÈ ÑÒËÎÈÏÃà ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ÑÒËQ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏе 9 U UÑÐßÔÐÎÕχ PχP π P ( π )χP P( P )P ¯ÇÉÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÞÎÇÒÝÐÔÄÝÃÐÒÂÓÊÓÔÇÎÝÌÐÐÒÆÊÏÂÔqÒË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËË ÎÈÒÝ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ Æ Ñ ÐÓÔÄÍÓà ÏÈÆÝÃÓÏÈÏÏÝÎÆÐÑÒÐÓÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÎÈÒÝ ÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ nÈÒÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÐÎ ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ÐÆ ÓÐÓÔÐÃÛË×ËÊ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÈÅÒÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎ ÐÓÃÎ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÆÐÑÒÐÓ Ð ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ÎÈÒÝÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÓÆÐÇËÔÓñÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÐÅÜÈÎÐƱÕÅÐÆÐÔßÔÐÐÆÝÅÐÒÄpÔÏÐÚÈÏËÈÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÈÐλÐÅÜÈÎÐÆÐÇÏÐÐËÔÐÐÉȱÕÅÄÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏÏÝ×ÆÒÄÊÏÝ×ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒıÐϱÒÈÔÏÐбÕÅÄÔı ±Ä± ÍàÅÝÈ ÇÆÄ ±ÕÅÄ Ó ÒÈÅÒÄÎË ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎË ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎÐÓÃÎÐÇÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÎÐÕÔÅÝÔÞÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÝÐÇËÏËÊÇÒÕÐÐÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐÐÑÈÒÈÏÐÓÄËÐÎÐÔÈÔËËÓØÈÏÔÒÐÎÆÓÐÆÎÈÛÈÏÏÝ×ØÈÏÔÒÄ×ÓËÎÎÈÔÒË˱ÕÅÐÆgÓÍËÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÈÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÈÒÄÆÏÐÈÇËÏËØÈÔÐÎÈÒÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔqÕÓÔÞ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ 5Q ÊÄÇÄÏÝ ÇÆÈ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔnÈÒÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÕà Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÑÈÒÆÐÌ ËÊ ÏË×ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ µ Ä Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÆÔÐÒÐÌ ¶ ÙÈÒÈÊ µ qÕÓÔÞ4 ¶QÎÈÒÏÝ̱ÕÅÓÒÈÅÒÄÎËÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎ˱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎÐÓÃÎÑÈÒÆÐ̱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÝËÑÕÓÔÞµ 4 λµ4pÔÓàÇÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐ ËÎÈàÔ ÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞÆÐÅÈË×ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐËÊÎÈÒËÎÝËÍËÏÈÔÑÒËÙÈÎÈÓÍËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ;µ 5QËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÔÐ µ ; λµ; fÍà ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄλ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÐÅÜÈÎ QÎÈÒÏÐÐ ÚÄÒÄ 9 UQ ÒÄÇËÕÓÄ U ÒÄÆÈÏ χQ UQÓÎ Ñ ÇÈ χQ ¶ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ dÈÍËÙËÏÄ ÇÍËÏÝÒÄÇËÕÓÄ ÚÄÒÄ ±Ä± Ë ÇÍËÏÄ ÆÓñÐÐ ÐÔÒÈ汀 ËÎÈÈÔ ÐÇÏÐ Ë ÔÐÉÈ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ ÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎ ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÐÅÜÈÎ QÎÈÒÏÐÐ ÚÄÒÄ 9 UQ ÏÈ ÊÄÆËÓËÔ ÐÔ ÆÝÅÐÒÄ ÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔµ 9 UQ µ 9 UQfÍÃÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ÄVN9 UQÓÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÓÐÓÔÐÃÛÈÐËÊ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N Æ ÑÈÒÆÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓ ÒÈÅÒÄÎË ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎË ÈÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎ ÐÓÃÎ ÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞqÐßÔÐÎÕµ VN 9 UQλµVN 9 UQOLP µ VN 9 UQ λ OLP µVN 9 UQ λµ 9 UQN→N→ÏÐÓÎÍÈÎÎÕÆÑ ÑÒË$P VP 9 UQOLP µ VN 9 UQ µ 9 UQ µ 9 UQN→Ô Èλµ 9 UQ µ 9 UQÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐλ jÔıÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÈÒÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇ ÐÔ ÐÇÏÐÐ ÐÒÔÐÏÐÒÎËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÐ ÅÄÊËÓÄ ± ÇÒÕÐÎÕ ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃÈÔÓÃ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝ× ÎÄÔÒËØ ÎÈÒÄ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ËÏÆÄÒËÄÏÔÐÎ ÑÒË ÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝ× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ× Ô È ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ× ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÝ×ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎËQ\L ∑ FLM[M L QMÓ ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝÎË ÎÄÔÒËØÄÎË & FLM L M Q ÓÎÑ ¶ÐÒÎÕÍݯÞàÔÐÏÂyÇËÃÏÊØÂÊ´ÇËÍÐÒÂqÒËÆÈÇÈÎÓÄÎÝÌÑÒÐÓÔÐÌÆÝÆÐÇÖÐÒÎÕÍÝtÈÌÍÐÒÄÐÏÄÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÄÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÎÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏËÈÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÝoÞàÔÐÏĵmÈÌÅÏËØıÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛËÎÓÃÑÐÇÝÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÎ ÖÕϱØËÃÎpÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÌÙÍÈÏÖÐÒÎÕÍÝtÈÌÍÐÒÄËÎÈÈÔÆËÇÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÌ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÝ ÑÐÒÃDZÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÓÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÎÐÉÏÐÑÒËÆÈÓÔ˱ÕÉÈËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÎÕÏÄÎÈÐÆËÇÕÆËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈÓÐÇÏбÒÄÔÏÝÎËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÎÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÌÏÉÉÕ ÐÅ ÑÕÓÉË²É >D E@ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÖáÒÓÑÌËÇÑÈÐÖáÒÑÓÄȲÅQÌ[q>DE@ÕÑÈÎÄÎáÆÑÑ[q>DE@ÌÏÉÉÕÏÉÔÕÑÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑWWQ´[Q µ I (N)( [ )I[ ∑ [´[N ∫ GW ∫ GW ∫ I QWQGWQNN[[[×ÑÓÏÖÎÅtÉÍÎÑÓÅÔÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÞÏÚÎÉÐÑÏÇ×ÑÓÏÉÒÑÇÕÑÓÐÑÑÌÐÕÉÓÅÎŦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð fбÄÉÈÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ÑÐ ËÏÇÕ±ØËËqÒËQ ÐÏÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÐÌoÞàÔÐÏĵmÈÌÅÏËØÄ[I[ I[ ∫ I′WGW[gÓÍËÑÒËÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎP Q´ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄWWP´[P µ I ( N ) ( [ )I[ ∑ [´[N ∫ GW ∫ GW ∫ IPWPGWPNN [[[ÔÐÑÒËÎÈÏËÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÕoÞàÔÐÏĵmÈÌÅÏËØıÖÕϱØËËIPWPÔÈWPI PWP I P[ ∫ I PWPGWP[ÑÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚÈÈÓÃÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈÆËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÌÙÍÈÏÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÑÒÐËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÆÑÈÒÆÐÈÓÍÄÄÈÎÐÈÑÐÍÕÙËÎ[WWP´[[[WP∫ GW ∫ GW ∫ I P[ ∫ I PWPGWPGWP[[WWP´[[[I P[ ∫ GW ∫ GW ∫ GWPI ( P ) ( [ ) [´[P ∫ GW ∫ GW ∫ I PWPGWP P[[[W[WP[WWP´WP[[[[ ∫ GW ∫ GW ∫ GWP ∫ I PWPGWPjÊÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐPI ( N ) ( [ )I[ ∑ [´[NNN [WWP´WP[[[[ ∫ GW ∫ GW ∫ GWP ∫ I PWPGWPqÒËP Q´ßÔÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÑÒÈÆÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÕqбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÌÙÍÈÏ[WWQ´[[[UQ[ ∫ GW ∫ GW ∫ I QWQGWQÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÈtÈÌÍÐÒÄÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄϱÕÉÈËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÌÈÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈÓÐÇÏËÎËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÎsÏÄÙÄÍÄ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÈ>D E@ÖÕϱØËËϕËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄE\DDENN∫ G\∫ ϕ[\´[ G[ ∫ ϕ[E´[ G[N ´ NDpÏÄ ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËà ÑÐÒÃÇ±Ä ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÓÎÒËÓËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓÃÑÐÊÄÚÔÒË×ÐÆÄÏÏÐÎÕÔÒÈÕÐÍÞÏ˱ÕE\DDEED[NN∫ G\ ∫ ϕ[\´[ G[ ∫ ϕ[G[ ∫ \´[ G\E ∫ ϕ[E´[NG[ NDfÄÍÈÈÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄEWWN´E ∫ ϕWE´WN´GW∫ GW D∫ GW D∫ ϕWNGWN Nµ()DDN ÔÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÔıÉÈÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÑÐËÏÇÕ±ØËËÈÓÍËÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÔÐÑÒËÎÈÏËÆÈбËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕWWNDD∫ GW ∫ ϕWNGWNÑÐÍÕÙËÎEWDEEWDD ∫ GW ∫ ϕWW´WN´GW ( N µ )EDWN∫ GW D∫ GW D∫ ϕWNGWN \DErËÓ[ ∫ ϕWE´WNGW NDÔ È ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÐÓÔÄÈÔÓà ÆÈÒÏÐÌ ÑÒËÊÄÎÈÏÈNÏÄNpÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÌÙÍÈÏÖÐÒÎÕÍÝtÈÌÍÐÒÄÆÓËÍÕÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÑÒËϕW I QWD [E [ËN Q ËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ[ ∫ I QW[´WQ´GWUQ[ ( N µ )[Ô È ÑÐÍÕÙËÍÄÓÞ ÊÄÑËÓÞ ÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÐ ÙÍÈÏÄ Æ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÐÌÒÄÏÈÈÆÑÓÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ©ÂÎÇÏÂÑÇÒÇÎÇÏÏÝ×ÄÌÒÂÔÏÝ×ÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÂ× ÊÏÇËÏÝÇÐÔÐÃÒÂÈÇÏÊáÊÉÎÇÒÊÎÝ×ÎÏÐÈÇÓÔÄd Ñ ËÊÕÙÄÍËÓÞ ÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈ ÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÝÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÈƱÍËÇÐÆÝ× ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆ rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÐÅÛËÌ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝ× ÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÐÆÐÒà ÏÈÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÝ× ÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌmËÏÈÌÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ/ 5 [Q { 5 \P ËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ/[ $[DÇÈ$ 5 [Q { 5 \PµÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÈÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÅÕÇÈÎÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞÈÐÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà/[ [ [Q∈ 5 [Q\ \ \P∈5 \PD D DP∈ 5PpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ 3 ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÌ ÑÈÒÈÏÐÓ Æ PÎÈÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÄÆȱÔÐÒD3] ]D] ] ]P∈5 \PtÐÇÄÃÓÏÐÙÔÐ/ 3$ËÍ˱ı±ÐÒÐÙÈ/ 3$Ô ÈÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ/ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÎÑÐÊËØËÈÌÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ$ËÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐÐÑÈÒÈÏÐÓÄ3gÓÍË DLM L P M Q µ ÎÄÔÒËØÄ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ$ ÔбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÈÖÕϱØËËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ/ËÎÈàÔÆËÇQ\L ∑ DLM[MDLL PMËÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÙËÓÍÐÆÝÎËÍËÏÈÌÏÝÎËÖÕϱØËÃÎËdÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎÐÒÄÏËÙËÎÓÃÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËÈÎÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ ÈƱÍËÇÐÆÄ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ Æ ÈƱÍËÇÐÆÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐÔÐÌ ÉÈ ÒÄÊÎÈÒÏÐÓÔË Ô È ÓÍÕÙÄÈÎ P Q pÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÞ ÎÄÔÒËØÝ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÑÒË ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ Ë ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÈÎ ÓÄÎÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà jÊ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ÄÍÈÅÒÝ ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐ ÙÔÐ ßÔÐÔ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÞÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌPD[F _DLM_QÕÑÈÎÄÎáÆÞØÕÑÚɲ[[′∈ 5 [QÇÞÒÑÎÐÄÉÕÔÄÐÉÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑLM_/[′´/[_PQF_[′´[_¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð d Ñ ÅÝÍÐ ÇбÄÊÄÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË $ µÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈ ÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ $ 5 [Q { 5 \P ÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐÆȱÔÐÒÄ[q5 [QÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ_$[_P__$___[_ÇÈ__$__µÏÐÒÎÄÐÑÈÒÄÔÐÒÄ$ÄÔıÉÈÅÝÍÐÇбÄÊÄÏÐÙÔÐPQ__$__P ∑ ∑ D LM LMÇÈDLM¶ÎÄÔÒËØÄ$qÒËÎÈÏËÆ ßÔË ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÇÍà ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÐ ÓÍÕÙÄÃP QÑÐÍÕÙËÎ_/[′´/[__$[′´$[_ _$[′´[_ P __$__ _[′´[_ PQQP ∑ ∑ D LM _[′´[_ P FQ_[′´[_LMoÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÇбÄÊÄÏÐ § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌ - ÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÌÕÉÎß ÏÅÕÓÌÙÞ ÑÈÐÑÓÑÈÐÑÑ ÎÌÐÉÍÐÑÑ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÄ $ ÕÑ ÈÎÄ ÎáÆÑÑ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ(µ5QÇÞÒÑÎÐÄÉÕÔÄÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇѵ/( _-_µ(ÈÉ/ 3$ÓΦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð jÊ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ÄÍÈÅÒÝ ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐ ÙÔÐÆÓñÐÈÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈÐÇÏÐÒÐÇÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ$ÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏÐÆÆËÇÈ$ %&ÇÈ%µÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÄÎÐÓÐÑÒÃÉÈÏÏÐÈÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà % ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ GHW % O Ä & µ ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ/ 3$ 3%&qÒËÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐÎÑÈÒÈÏÐÓÈ3ËÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÐÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË&ÎÈÒÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÏÈÎÈÏÃÈÔÓÃÓÎÑËÑqÐßÔÐÎÕ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÇбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆе%( _-_µ(jÊÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÄÍÈÅÒÝËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÔıÉÈÙÔÐÇÍÃÓÄÎÐÓÐÑÒÃÉÈÏÏÐÐ ÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÓËÓÔÈÎıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔƱÐÔÐÒÐÌÈÐÎÄÔÒËØÄÇËÄÐÏÄÍÞÏÄ λ λ λLO λ QL QqÕÓÔÞ4µQÎÈÒÏÝ̱ÕÅÒÈÅÒıÐÔÐÒÐÐÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÐÓÃÎßÔÐÌ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ Ë ËÎÈàÔ ÇÍËÏÕ K pÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ %ÓÆÐÇËÔÓñ«ÒÄÓÔÃÉÈÏËÃάÆÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÃ×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÐÓÈÌÓ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÎλLÆÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËËLÌÐÓËL QqÒËÔıÐÎÒÄÓÔÃÉÈÏËËÐÅÜÈÎÆÓñÐÐÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄÓÒÈÅÒÄÎËÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎË ÐÓÃÎ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ËÊÎÈÏÃÈÔÓÃ Ó ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÎ λL Ä Æ ÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÈ ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔ ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËà ÐÅÜÈÎÄ ±ÕÅÄ4ÑÒËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË%ÅÕÇÈÔÒÄÆÈÏλ λλQtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐε%4 λ λλQµ4 GHW%µ4`fÄÍÈÈËÊÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ$ %&ËÎÈÈÎGHW$ GHW %GHW&pÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÞÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÒÄÆÈÏÄGHW%OÑÐßÔÐÎÕ_-_ _GHW-_ GHW%sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐбÐÏÙÄÔÈÍÞÏе%4 _-_µ4ÔÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× ±ÕÅÐÆ 4 ÒÈÅÒÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎ ÐÓÃÎ Æ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÎÄÔÒËØÄ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃ%ËÎÈÈÔÇËÄÐÏÄÍÞÏÝÌÆËÇqÕÓÔÞ(µËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ( 5 [Q ÄVN(Ë6N(µÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÓÐÓÔÐÃÛËÈ ËÊ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N Æ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔËÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÎÝÈÑÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎjÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÌVN( ( 6N(ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ````%VN( %( %6N(`pÔÎÈÔËÎÔıÉÈƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ%6N(?%VN( %6N(?VN(nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄVN(6N(Ë6N(?VNÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔÓÐÅÐÌÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N Æ ÆÝÅÒÄÏÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÙÄÓÔÞßÔË×±ÕÅÐÆÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ6N(?VN(ÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÎËËÍËÑÐÍÕÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÎËqÐßÔÐÎÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ%VN(%6N(ËÒÄÊÏÐÓÔÞ%6N(?%VN(ÅÕÇÕÔÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈαÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÐÅÒÄÊÐÆßÔË×±ÕÅÐÆÑÒËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË%µ«ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÐƬÊÄαÏÕÔÝ×ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÑÐÍÕÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËnÈÒÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ6N(?VN(ÒÄÆÏÄÓÕÎÎÈÎÈÒÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛË×ÈбÕÅÐÆÑÐßÔÐÎÕÎÈÒÄÈÐÐÅÒÄÊÄ%6N(?VN(ÒÄÆÏÄÓÕÎÎÈ ÎÈÒ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÆ ßÔË× ±ÕÅÐÆ Ä ÇÍà ÏË× ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏе%6N(?%VN(Pµ%6N(?VN( _-_µ6N(?VN(qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÆÓËÍÕËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ OLP µ6N(?VN( ÔÐN→OLP µ%6N(?%VN( N→pÔÓàÇÄËËÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÌÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÍÈÎÎÈÑÃÆÓÔÆÕÈÔÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ%(ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÄËÊÔÐÐÙÔе%VN( _-_µVN(ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔе%( OLP µ%VN( _-_ OLP µVN( _-_µ(N→N→mÈÎÎÄÇбÄÊÄÏÄ ®ÇÔÒÊÙÇÓÌÊÇÓÄÐËÓÔÄÂÆÊÖÖÇÒÇÏØÊÒÕÇÎÝ×ÐÔÐÃÒÂÈÇÏÊËqÕÓÔÞ* ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 5 [Q Ä) ¶ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*ÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ 5 \Q \ )[[∈*d±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)ÊÄÑËÓÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÆÆËÇÈ\L \L[ \L[[ [QL Q[∈* dÆÈÇÈÎÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ[ [ ( )[ ( )[ Q( )\ )[ \ ( ) \ ( ) \ Q( )Q∆[ [´[ ∆[∆[ ∆[Q_∆[_ ∑ ∆[ LLoÄÑÐÎÏËÎ ÙÔÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ) ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎÆÔÐÙ±È[∈*ÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ ÈÓÍËÈбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË \L \L[ [ [Q ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ ÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐË×ÎÐÉÏÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÔÞÆÆËÇÈQ\L \ L( ) ∑ DLM [M´[ M( )εL[∆[_∆[_L QM ÇÈ∂\ [ ( )∂[ MLDLM LM QOLP εL[∆[ ∆[ → L QpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ / [ ( ) ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÐÈÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎËQ\L \ L( ) ∑ DLM[M´[ M( )ML QjÏÇÈ±Ó [ÆÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËË / [ ( )ÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÙÔÐßÔÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÔÐÙ±Ë[rÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÃßÍÈÎÈÏÔÝQÎÈÒÏÐÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆııÆȱÔÐÒÝ Ë ÔÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ Ë× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ±Ä± QÎÈÒÏÕà ÆȱÔÐÒÖÕϱØËàÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈÆÔÐÙ±È[ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)ÎÐÉÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÓÎÑ ÆÆËÇÈ)[ / [ ( )[ε_∆[_OLP ε ∆[ → εL[∆[LÇÈε ε[∆[ εε εQεL QpÔÓàÇÄ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕà ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ R∆[ ε_∆[_ OLP ε ∆[ → ÕÓÍÐÆËÈÎÐÉÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÆÆËÇÈ)[´/ [ ( )[ R∆[∆[{ÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÇÍÃÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÐÆÔÐÙ±È[ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ) ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ / [ ( ) ÙÔÐÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)ÐÔÍËÙÄÈÔÓÃÐÔÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà / [ ( )ÏÄÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÎÄÍÕàÅÐÍÈÈÆÝÓбÐÐÑÐÒÃDZÄÙÈÎ ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËÈ _[ ´[_ _∆[_ ÐÔÔÐÙ±Ë [ÇÐ ÔÐÙ±Ë [ÑÒË ÓÔÒÈÎÍÈÏËË ßÔÐÐ ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËà ± ÏÕÍà d ßÔÐÎ Ë ÓÐÓÔÐËԱı ÎÝ ÊÏÄÈÎ ÓÎÝÓÍ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÆÔÐÙ±ÈoÄÑÐÎÏËÎ ÈÛÈ ÙÔÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎ Ë ÏÄ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ *ÈÓÍËÆÓÈÈбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÈÖÕϱØËËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÏÄßÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÓÎÑ § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÐÅÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*µ 5 [QÕÑ)[´/ [ ( )[ ε_∆[_[∈*ε[∆[ ÓÅÇÐÑÈÉ ÐÅ ÎáÆÑÏ ²ÑÏÒŲÕÉ(µ *×ÖвÙÌÄεÏÉÓÐÑÔÕÓÉÏÌÕÔIJÐÖÎáÒÓÌ[´[ ∆[{[∈(tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÏÐÆÐÈ ÙÔÐ ÑÒËÆÏÐÓËÔ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÑÐÓÒÄÆÏÈÏËà Ó ÖÐÒÎÕÍÐÌ ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ Æ ÔÐÎ ÙÔÐ Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ ÔÐÙ±Ä [ ÅÝÍÄ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÄ Ä Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ ßÔÄÔÐÙ±Ä ÎÐÉÈÔ ÎÈÏÃÔÞÓà ÐÓÔÄÆÄÃÓÞ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛÈÌ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎÕ ±ÐÎÑıÔÕ ( qÒË ßÔÐÎ ÓÔÒÈÎÍÈÏËÈ ± ÏÕÍà ÖÕϱØËËε[ ∆[ ÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔ ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐ ÏÄ ( pÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÐ ÓÔÒÈÎÍÈÏËà ÖÕϱØËË ± ÏÕÍà ÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ÅÝÍÐ ÇÄÏÐÆÑ ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð jÊ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔ˱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÌ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËË εLεL[[L QÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ×ÏÄÍàÅÐαÐÎÑıÔÈ(µ*ÑÒË[{[ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓñÏÕÍàFÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ Æ Ñ sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÏÄ ÍàÅÐÎ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ ( µ *ÑÒË [ { [ [∈ ( ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐ ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓà ± ÏÕÍà Ë ÆȱÔÐÒÖÕϱØËÃε εεεQÔı±Ä±_ε_ ε ε ε Q § ® ® ¢ qÓÌÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÏÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÌÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ ²ÑÏÒÅ²Õ ÏÉÓÞ ÐÖÎß ÎÉÊÅÜÌÍ ÇàÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÅÉÕÔÄDzÑÏÒŲÕÏÉÓÞÐÖÎߦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð oÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎ Ä ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÙÔÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ±ÐÎÑıÔÄ ÈÓÔÞ ÓÏÐÆÄ ±ÐÎÑÄ±Ô ÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ pØÈÏËÎÆÈÒ×ÏààÎÈÒÕÐÅÒÄÊıÐÎÑıÔÄqÒÈÇÆÄÒËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÆÓñÐÈ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( µ 5Q ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃ Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎ QÎÈÒÏÐÎ ±ÕÅÈ 4( ÓÒÈÅÒÐÎ ÇÍËÏÝ K GLDP ( ÓÎ Ñ d ÓËÍÕ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÃ(µ 4(ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆе∗(Pµ4( GLDP(QqÕÓÔÞÔÈÑÈÒÞ* ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÆ 5 [Q ( ¶±ÐÎÑıÔ( µ * tÐÇÄ ÈÐ ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËÈ ÇÐ ÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛÈÐÓÃ Ó ÏËÎ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ5Q?*ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÎÍÈÎÎÕÆÑ δGHIρ(5Q?*!dÝÅÈÒÈÎ ÏÐÎÈÒ N Ôı ÙÔÐÅÝ ÇËÄÎÈÔÒ ±ÕÅÄ ÒÄÏÄ N ÓÎÑ ÅÝÍ ÎÈÏÞÚÈ δ tÐÇÄ ÆÓñËÌ ±ÕÅ ÒÄÏÄ N ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛËÌÓÃÓ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ(ÅÕÇÈÔÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÞÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*nÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ 6 N ( ÓÐÓÔÐÃÛËÌ ËÊ ÆÓÈ× ÔıË× ±ÕÅÐÆ ÓÎ ÔıÉÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ d ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ±ÐÎÑÄ±Ô ( ÈÓÔÞ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ 6 N ( ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ±ÕÅÐÆ ÒÄÏÄ N±ÄÉÇÝÌ ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ qÕÓÔÞ\ )[ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*Æ 5 \QqÐÍÐÉËÎF PD[[ ∈ 6 N (LM Q∂\ L[ ∂[ MqÕÓÔÞ[∈6 N ([′∈6N (ËÐÔÒÈÊбӱÐÏØÄÎËÆÔÐÙ±Ä×[Ë[′ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓÃÆÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱È6N ()[ \[\[\Q[)[′ \[′\[′\Q[′∆[L [ ′L ´[LL QtÐÇÄ ÑÒËÎÈÏËÆ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝ× ÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÌ mÄÒÄÏÉÄ ÇÍÃÖÕϱØËÌ ÎÏÐË× ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× ÓÎ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ Æ Ñ ËÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐlÐÚ˵zÆÄÒØÄÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞQQQ∂\ [ θ ∆[LL ∆[ M P_)[′´)[_ ∑ ( \ L[′ µ \ L[ ) ∑ ∑ ∂[ ML M L QQQQ∂\ L[ θ L ∆[ Q∆[ M P F ∑ Q ∑ ∆[ M PP ∑ ∑ ∑[∂L M M L M MQPQF ∑ ∆[ M QF_[′´[_MpÔÓàÇÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÆÝÑÕ±ÍÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ$µ6V N (ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÆÝÑÕ±ÍÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÓÎÆÑ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐGLDP)$PFQGLDP$fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐGLDP)$ VXS _)[′´)[_ P[[ ∈ $P FQ VXS _[′´[_ FQGLDP$[[ ∈ $gÓÍË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ $ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà QÎÈÒÏÝÎ ±ÕÅÐÎ 4K Ó ÒÈÅÒÐÎÇÍËÏÝ K 4K µ 6 N ( ÔÐ ÊÄÎÈÔËÆ ÙÔÐ GLDP 4K K Q Ë ÙÔе4K KQËÎÈÈÎGLDP)4KPFQGLDP4K FQ KÑÐßÔÐÎÕµ)4K P GLDP)4KQ P( )P Q FQ Q Q KQ QFQQ Qµ4KiÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ÒÄÏÄ N O N ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆРƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ6N(µ 6 N (qÕÓÔÞMN6N( M` 4 M( N ) ÇÈ 4 MN ¶±ÕÅÝÒÄÏÄNM MNoÄÎÑÐÏÄÇÐÅËÔÓÃÈÛÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÓÎÑ MMNN) M` 4 M( N ) M`)4 (MN )MjÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËà ( µ 6N( ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËÈ )( µµ )6N(ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐMNµ)(Pµ)6N( µ) M`4 (MN ) MMNMNµ M`)4 (MN ) P ∑ µ)4 (MN ) PM Q M NP QFQ Q M∑ µ4 (MN ) QFQQ Qµ6N(gÓÍËÎÈÒıÐÎÑıÔÄ(ÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍàÔÐ OLP µ6N( ÐÔN→±ÕÇÄÆÓËÍÕÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔе∗)( ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ˵)( pÅÐÊÏÄÙËΠñÐÅËÄÏ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÙÈÒÈÊ-)∂( \ \ \ )∂( [ [ [ Q )Q-) -)[ § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌ) ¶ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÉÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉÔIJÑÆÌÅÐÑÏÐÉÑÆÓÅÜÅáÜÌÏÔÄÇÐÖÎßÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÑÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ * µ 5 [Q Ç ÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÑ 5 \Q ( ¶²ÑÏÒÅ²Õ ( µ *4K ¶QÏÉÓÐÞͲÖÆÔÓÉÆÓÑÏÈÎÌÐÞK4Kµ*[∈( 4KÕÑÌÏÉÉÕÏÉÔÕÑÐÉÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑ`µ∗)4KP_-)[_µ4KαKKQOLP αK K→qÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÈÎÙÔÐÆßÔÐÎÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÎÄÍÄÃα αKÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÏËÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÔÐÙ±Ë[∈(ÏËÐÔÆÝÅÐÒıÐϱÒÈÔÏÝ×±ÕÅÐÆ4KÄÊÄÆËÓËÔÔÐÍÞ±ÐÐÔÇÍËÏË×ÒÈÅÈÒK˱ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÔ±ÐÎÑıÔÄ(dßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÐÆÐÒÃÔÙÔÐÏıÐÎÑıÔÈ(ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÄÃÐØÈϱÄiÄÎÈÔËÆÙÔе4K KQßÔÕÐØÈϱÕÎÐÉÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÆÆËÇȵ∗)4KP_-) [_µ4KR(µ4KK→¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð fÍà ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà / [ ( ) ÓαıËÇÍÃÆÓñÐÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÄà ÆÈÍËÙËÏÄ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍà ÎÄÔÒËØÝ DLM ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÍÈÎÎÈ ÒÄÆÏıÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÕËÊÎÈÏÈÏËÃÐÅÜÈÎÐÆÔÈÍÑÒËßÔÐÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËËfÍÃÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ/ [ ( )Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÌÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÞÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔÓñÐÅËÄÏÐÎ-)[ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ)ÆÔÐÙ±È[ËÔıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐε / [ ( )4K_-)[_µ4KjÓÑÐÍÞÊÕà ÓÆÃÊÞ ÎÈÉÇÕ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÎË ) Ë / [ ( )ÇбÄÉÈÎ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ qÕÓÔÞ ( ¶ ±ÐÎÑÄ±Ô ( µ *tÐÇÄδ ρ(5Q?*!dÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎÆÓÈÇÄÅÕÇÈÎÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ ÙÔÐGLDP4K K Q δd ßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÆÓñË̱ÕÅ4KÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛËÌÓÃÓ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ(ÅÕÇÈÔÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÞÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*4Kµ *sÐÍÄÓÏÐÍÈÎÎÈÓÎ_)[´/ [ ( )[_ _ε[∆[__∆[_ÇÈÖÕϱØËÃε[∆[ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÏıÐÎÑıÔÈ(ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓñÏÕÍàÑÒË[´[ ∆[{[∈(qÐßÔÐÎÕÈÓÍËε∆[ VXS _ε[∆[_ÔÐ[( ) ∈ (OLP _ε∆[_ ∆[ → ËÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ_)[´/ [ ( )[_Pε∆[_∆[_[∈([ [∆[∈* gÓÍËÔÐÙ±Ë[Ë[ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔÐÇÏÐÎÕËÔÐÎÕÉȱÕÅÕ4KÔÐ_∆[_ _[´[_PK Q[∈4K[∈4KqÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓËÍÕÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÎÈÈÎ_)[´ / [ ( )[_Pε∆[K QqÐÍÐÉËÎα αK Q VXS ε∆[∆[ P KÔÐÇÄ_)[´ / [ ( ) [_PαK[∈( 4K[ [∆[∈4K `ÇÈOLP αKK→qÒËÍËÏÈÌÏÐÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË/[ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ3 / [ ( )4K±ÕÅÄ 4K ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÏÈÆÝÒÐÉÇÈÏÏÝÌ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇ Ã±ÐÅËÄÏ-) [ ≠ qÕÓÔÞ 8 α K 8 3 αK ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà αKбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞà ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÓÎÆÑÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÓÏÐÙÔÐ`)4K 8 α K `qÕÓÔÞ 3 α K µ QÎÈÒÏÝÌ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇ Q ´ ÎÈÒÏÝÈÒÄÏË ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÎ Q ´ ÎÈÒÏÝÎ ÒÄÏÃÎ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 Ë ÏÄ×ÐÇÃÔÓà ÐÔ ÏË× ÏÄ ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËË αK ÑÒËÙÈÎ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇ 3 ÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÓà ÆÏÕÔÒËÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 α K ÒËÓ tÐÇÄ 8 α K µ 3 α K Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ)4K 3 α K qÕÓÔÞ D D DQ µ ÇÍËÏÝ ÒÈÅÈÒ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 / [ ( ) 4K pØÈÏËÎ ÇÍËÏÝ DL ]DL ÒÈÅÈÒ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ3 α K ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝ× ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÒÈÅÒÄÎ ÇÍËÏ DL ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 L Q qÕÓÔÞ +L µ ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËÈ ÎÈÉÇÕ ÇÆÕÎà ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎË Q ´ ÎÈÒ\ÏÝÎË ÒÄÏÃÎË ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÎË ÒÈÅÒÄ ÇÍËÏ3αKD DL ´ DL DQ tÐαKÇÄ ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËÈ ÎÈÉÇÕ ÇÆÕÎÃ)4KÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎË Q ´ ÎÈÒD∆D+ 3ÏÝÎËÒÄÏÃÎËÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄDD3 α K ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÎË ÒÈÅÒÄ ÇÍËÏαKDD∆D ]D DL ´ ]DL ´ DL]DLDQ]DQÆÓË\ÍÕ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ßÔÐÐ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄÒÄÆÏÐ+LαKjÏÄrËÓÙÈ ÐÆÐÒà +L Ë +L αK ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÇÍËÏÄÎË ÆÝÓÐÔ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÐÆ3Ë 3 α K pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ϕL P ϕL P π ÕÐÍ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏÏÝÌ ÒÈÅÒÐÎÇÍËÏÝ DL ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 Ó Q ´ ÎÈÒÏÐÌ ËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÈÌ ÈÐ ÒÈÅÒÄ ÇÍËÏ D DL ´ DL DQßÔÐÔÕÐÍÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÒÄÆÈÏÕÍÕÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏÏÐÎÕÒÈÅÒÐÎÇÍËÏÝDL ]DL ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 α K Ó ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÈÌ Q´ ÎÈÒÏÐÌËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞàÔÈÕÐÍÎÈÉÇÕÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÎÒÈÅÒÐÎËÈÐÑÒÐȱØËÈÌÏÄÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÕàËÑÈÒÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞfÍËÏÝ ÒÈÅÈÒ Ë ÆÝÓÐÔ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 Ë 3 α K ÓÆÃÊÄÏÝ+ L α K+L DL]DL qÐÓÕÍÄÎËϕÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÃÎËDL VLQ ϕ LVLQ ϕ LßÔÐÎÕ+ α KVLQ ϕ Lα KVLQ ϕ L+VLQ ϕ LLL ´ ]DL ∂\ ( [ )∂[ M L ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÈÌ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÎÕÍÈÎÈÏÔÝ ÎÄÔÒËØÝ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà / [ ( ) ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎË ÖÕϱØËÃÎË ÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*ÄÕÍÝϕLÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÊÄÆËÓÃÔÐÔßÔË×ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÔıÉÈ ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎËÖÕϱØËÃÎË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ÏÄ * ϕL ϕL[ d ÓËÍÕ ÏÈÆÝÒÐÉÇÈÏÏÐÓÔË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ / [ ( ) [ ∈ * Ô È ÏÈ ÐÅÒÄÛÈÏËÃ Æ ÏÕÍÞÏÄ * Ë× Ã±ÐÅËÄÏÐÆ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× ÔÐÙȱ [ ∈ * ËÎÈÈÎϕL[ ! L QqÐßÔÐÎÕ ÏÄËÎÈÏÞÚËÈ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÏıÐÎÑıÔÈ(ÖÕϱØËÌϕLÔıÉÈÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÝPLQ ϕL[ FL FLP π L Q[∈(VLQ F Q tÐÇÄ qÕÓÔÞF PD[ VLQ F ]DLPFαKrÄÊÏÐÓÔÞ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÐ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 α K Ë ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ3LQW «ÒÄαĬ бÄÌÎÍÃàÛÄà ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇ 3 ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÎ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÐÆ 3L Ë 3L Ó ÒÈÅÒÄÎË ÇÍËÏD]DDL´]DL´DL]DLDQ]DQËÆÝÓÐÔÄÎËÇÍËÏÝαKqÐßÔÐÎÕQQ`3 α K 3`L` 3L`L` 3LrÈÅÒÄ ÇÍËÏÝ DL ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ 3 ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓà ÑÒË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË / [ ( ) ËÊÒÈÅÈÒ±ÕÅÄ4KËÎÈàÛË×ÇÍËÏÕKsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÓËÍÕÍÈÎÎÝËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐDLPFQKF PD[LM Q[∈;∂\ ( [ )∂[ ML iÄÎÈÔËÆÙÔÐÐÅÜÈÎÍàÅÐÐQÎÈÒÏÐÐÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄÏÈÑÒÈÆÐÓ×ÐÇËÔ ÐÅÜÈÎÄ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÐÐ ÑÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ Ó ÒÈÅÒÄÎËÔÐÌÉÈÇÍËÏÝÔÈÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÃÇÍËÏÈÐÒÈÅÈÒËÎÈàÛË×ÐÅÛÕàÆÈÒÚËÏÕËÎÈÈε3LMPD]DDL´]DL´DL]DLDQ]DQαKPPFQKF0αKQ´αK FQFαQ´αKQFQFαQ´αµ4KL QM dÝÚÈ ÅÝÍÐ ÐÔÎÈÙÈÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÍÈÎÎÈ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆе3 µ / [ ( ) 4K _-)[_µ4KpØÈÏËÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÆÈÒ×ÏààÎÈÒÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ)4KQQµ)4K P µ 3 α K P µ 3 α K ∑ µ3L ∑ µ3L P LLP _-)[_µ4KQFQFαKQ´αKµ4KqÐÍÐÉËÆαK QFQFαKQ´αKбÐÏÙÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÐÍÕÙËε)4K P _-)[_µ4KαKµ4K OLP αK K→d ÍÈÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÐÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÓÔÐËÔ ÆÈÒ×ÏÃà ÎÈÒÄÐÅÒÄÊÄ)4K±ÕÅÄ4KÑÒËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË)ÄÏÈÈÐÎÈÒÄÔı±Ä±ÐÓÔÄÍÐÓÞ ÏÈÆÝÃÓÏÈÏÏÝÎ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ ÍË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ )4K ÑÒËÓÇÈÍÄÏÏÝ×ÆÝÚÈÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃ×fÍÃÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÐÏÄÎÑÐÏÄÇÐÅËÔÓà ÍËÚÞ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÝ× ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ Ã±ÐÅËÄÏ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÏÈ ÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃ Æ ÏÕÍÞ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÐÒÄÏËÙËÎÓà ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÎ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÓÔËÐÅÒÄÊÄËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÍËÚÞÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈgÓÍË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ) ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐ Ë ÈÐñÐÅËÄÏ ÏÈ ÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃ Æ ÏÕÍÞ ÏÄ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ * ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 5 [QÔÐÐÅÒÄÊ)*ßÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ Ë Õ ÔÐÙȱ [∈* Ë )[∈)* ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÓ±ÐÍÞ ÕÐÇÏÐ ÎÄÍÝÈ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄàÛËÈÓÃÇÒÕÏÄÇÒÕÄÓÎÑ gÓÍ˱ÒÐÎÈÔÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔÆÓÈÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*ÏÄÈÐÐÅÒÄÊ)*ÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(µ*ÈÐÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÐÓÔÞ(LQWÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔÓÃÏÄÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÐÓÔÞ)(LQWÈÐÐÅÒÄÊÄ)(LQW )(LQWÄÈÓÍËÒÄÏËØÝ∂(Ë∂)(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(Ë)(ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ×*Ë)*ÔÐÐÏËÔıÉÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄàÔÓÃÇÒÕÏÄÇÒÕÄ)∂( ∂)(dßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÔıÉÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÑÐßÔÐÎÕ) ( )(( (LQW`∂()( )(LQW`∂)() ( )(LQW`∂( )(LQW`)∂) )(LQW`∂)( )( § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ ) ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÑ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ * µµ5 [QÇÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÑ 5 \QÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÇËÅÌÏÐÑÑÈÐÑËÐÅÚÐÑÌÉÑIJÑÆÌÅÐÐÉÑÆÓÅÜÅÉÕÔÄÇÐÖÎßÐÅ*ÕÑÑÆÓÅËÇÔIJÑÑÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÑÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅÎÉÊÅÜÉÑÇÏÉÔÕÉÔÑÔÇÑÌÏËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÉÏÇ*ÕŲÊÉÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑϦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ( ¶ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐËÈÐÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ (ÍÈÉËÔÆ*(µ(µ*iÄÎݱÄÏËÈ ( ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( ±Ä± ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ ±ÄÉÇÐÐ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÎÑıÔÐÎÓÎÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈÆÑ Ä ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ) ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÐÅÒÄÊ ) (ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (ÑÒËßÔÐÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËËÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÎÑıÔÐÎ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ oÐ ÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ)(µ ) (ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ)(ÔıÉÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐeÒÄÏËØÄ ∂( ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÒÕ ÏÕÍÞ Ë ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÎÑıÔÐÎÓÎÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈÆÑ qÐßÔÐÎÕËÐÅÒÄÊßÔÐÌÒÄÏËØÝÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÎÑıÔÐÎÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÓÎÍÈÎÎÕµ)∂( qÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÑÒËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË)ÒÄÏËØÄÐÅÒÄÊÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÈÐÒÄÏËØÝÓÎÒÄÏËØÄ∂)(ÐÅÒÄÊÄ)(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ(ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞµ∂)( µ)∂( tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ)(ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÓÒÄÏËØÈÌÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞËÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÊÎÈÒËÎÐtı ±Ä± QÎÈÒÏÝÌ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÌ ±ÕÅ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÆÓÍÕÙÄȱÐÇÄßÔÐÔ±ÕÅÍÈÉËÔÆÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*ÈÐÐÅÒÄÊÑÒËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÎÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÎ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË ) Ó Ã±ÐÅËÄÏÐÎ ÏÈ ÒÄÆÏÝÎÏÕÍà ÏÄ * ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÇÍÃÔıË× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ Æ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈ ÓÎ ÍÈÎÎÕ Æ ÈÐÍÈÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ÆÈÒ×Ïàà ÎÈÒÕ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÊÄÎÈÏËÔÞ ÏÄ ÑÒÐÓÔÐ ÎÈÒÕÔ ÈÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÇȵ)4KP_-))[_µ4KαKµ4KOLP αK K→ ¶ÐÒÎÕÍÂÉÂÎÇÏÝÑÇÒÇÎÇÏÏÝ×ÄÌÒÂÔÏÐÎÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÇqÕÓÔÞ) ¶ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*µ 5 [QÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ5 \QËÈÐñÐÅËÄÏ-)ÏÈÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ( ¶ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÉÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑÔÑÈÉÓÊÅÜÉÉÔÄÇÏÉÔÕÉÔÑÔÇÑÌÏËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÉÏ(ÇÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*(µ ( µ*Å×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ )( ÕÑ∫ I\G\ ∫ I)[_-)[_G[)((ÔÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ∫ I\G\ ∫ I)[_-)[_G[)((fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÄà ÖÕϱØËà ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄ ËÍË ÏÈÔ ±Ä± ÏÄ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ Ôı Ë ÏÄÈÐ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËË ÑÒËÙÈÎ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝÐÔÖÕϱØËËÑÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕËÑÐÈÐÊÄÎݱÄÏËàÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔÓαÐÏÈØ Ñ d ÏÄÚÈÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÖÕϱØËË I\ Ë I)[_-)[_ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÄ× )( Ë ( ÃÆÍÃàÛË×Óà ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈÎ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ )( Ë ( ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÝ Ë ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÝ ÏÄ ÏË× tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÆÓÈ Æ×ÐÇÃÛËÈ Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ Ë ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÄÓÄÎËßÔËÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÝÔËÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ×ÑÓÏÖÎÅÏÌ ËÅÏÉÐÞ ÒÉÓÉÏÉÐÐÞØ Ç ²ÓÅÕÐÑÏ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎɦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð fбÄÉÈÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕqÒÈÉÇÈÆÓÈÐ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÈÈ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÇбÄÊÄÔÞ ÍËÚÞ ÑÒË ÇÐÑÐÍÏËÔÈÍÞÏÐÎ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËË ÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËË I ÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ )(I\O\∈ I(d ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÖÕϱØËà I ±Ä± ßÔÐ ÕÉÈ ÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞ ÆÝÚÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄ ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ )( qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÄà ÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄÃF!ÙÔÐI\!´F\∈ )(gÓÍË ÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄ ÇÍà ÇÆÕ× ÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌI\ I\FËI\ FÔÐÐÏÄÆÓËÍÕÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÍËÏÈÌÏÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄËÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËI\ I\´I\pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ ( M( N ) M MN ÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝÈ ÏÈÑÕÓÔÝÈ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ÊÄÎݱÄÏËà ( ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( Ó ±ÕÅÄÎËÒÄÏÄNtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÇÍñÄÉÇÐÐM MN ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐ̱ÕÅÒÄÏÄNÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÈÐ 4 M( N )ÙÔÐ( M( N ) ( 4 M( N ) `sËÓÔÈÎÝÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(N) MτN { ( M } MMNÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔÒÄÊÅËÈÏËñÐÎÑıÔÄ ( ÎÈͱÐÓÔ˱ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓñÏÕÍàOLP _τN_ N→ÓÎÍÈÎÎÕÆÑ pÔÓàÇÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÓËÓÔÈÎÝÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ)τNGHIM{ ) ( ( M( N ) ) } MMN\[*);MN);MN[\rËÓÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÊÄÎݱÄÏËà )(ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ)(ÒËÓ ÎÈͱÐÓÔ˱ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÔıÉÈÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓñÏÕÍàfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÝ ( M( N ) ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τN ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎË ±ÐÎÑıÔÄÎË ±Ä± ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ÇÆÕ× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×±ÐÎÑıÔÐÆ ( Ë 4 M( N )ÍÈÉÄÛË×ÆÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ*( M( N ) ( 4 M( N ) µ*`ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÍÈÎÎÈË×ÐÅÒÄÊÝ) ( M( N ) ÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃËÊÎÈMNÒËÎÝÎËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËjÊ ( M` ( M( N ) ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐMNMN)( ) ( ) M` ( M( N ) M`) ( M( N )oıÐÏÈØ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÌ ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÓÔË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ) ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÑÒËßÔÐÎ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËËÒÄÆÏÐÐÅÒÄÊÕË×ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÃÑÐßÔÐÎÕ) ( L( N ) ) ( M( N ) ) ( L( N ) ( M( N ) ``qÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ( L( N ) ( M( N ) L MËÎÈàÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞËÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÄÎË ±Ä± ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ÇÆÕ× ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÆ ( L( N )∈τN Ë( M( N ) ∈τN sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÅÒÄÊÝ ßÔË× ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÌ Æ ÓÆÐà ÐÙÈÒÈÇÞ Ð±ÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎË ÎÈÒÝ ÏÕÍÞ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ Ë ÎÈÒÝÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÌ) ( L( N ) ) ( M( N ) ÒÄÆÏÝÏÕÍà``µ) ( L( N ) ) ( M( N ) µ) ( L( N ) ( M( N ) ``jÊÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÃÕÓÍÐÆËÃÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐOLP _)τN_ N→L MfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)±ÐÎÑıÔÄ ( ÅÕÇÕÙËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃ Ë ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎ ÓÎ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ ÆÑ ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐε!ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈδ!ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ$µ ( GLDP$ δÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐGLDP)$ ε´N QdÝÅÒÄÆ ÔıÐÌ ÒÄÏ N ÙÔÐ δ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ×ÏÐÎÈÒÐÆN!NËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ_)τN_ PD[M MNGLDP) ( M( N ) εËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃjÊÎÈÒËÎÝÌ ±ÐÎÑÄ±Ô ( ÍÈÉËÔ Æ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ *gÐ ÒÄÏËØÄ ∂ ( ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ ÎÈÒÝ ÏÕÍÞ Ë ÈÈ ÐÅÒÄÊ)∂ ( ÑÒË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË ) ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÒÄÏËØÈÌ ÐÅÒÄÊÄ ) ( )( ±ÐÎÑıÔÄ ( ÓÎ ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÍÈÎÎÈÔıÉÈËÎÈÈÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞµ∂ )( rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÏÈÑÐÍÏÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈ ÓÕÎÎÝ ÓÎÑ ÆËÇÄ σ ) ( ∂) ( ( ) ) ÇÍà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ I\G\ Ë ÐØÈÏËÎ Ë×(τ )N)(Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÏÈÑÐÍÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ× ÓÕÎÎ σ τÒÄÍÄ ∫ I)[_-)[_G[( N ) ( ∂( ) ÇÍà ËÏÔÈ(pÔÅÈÒÈÎÔÈËÊÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ) ( M( N ) ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃÓ ÒÄÏËØÈÌ ∂ )( ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ )( d ÓËÍÕ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ)ÓÎÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËßÔÐÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÆÝÅÐÒÕÔÈ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ( M( N ) ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃÓÒÄÏËØÈÌ∂ (ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (fÍÃÔıË×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ( M( N ) ËÎÈÈÎ( M( N ) ( 4 M( N ) 4 M( N ) (``ÔÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ( M( N ) ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄȱÕÅÐÎÒÄÏÄNfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃ Æ ±ÕÅÈ 4M ËÎÈÈÔÓÃ`ÔÐÙ±Ä ±ÐÎÑıÔÄ ( gÓÍË ÅÝ ßÔÐÔ ±ÕÅ ÏÈ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÍÓÃ Æ ( ÔÐ ÆÏÈÎ ÏÄÚÍÄÓÞ ÅÝ ÔÐÙ±Ä ÏÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛÄà ( ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ Ë ÔÐÙ±Ä[ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛÄÃÈÐÒÄÏËØÈ[∈∂ ( (ÓÎÍÈÎÎÕÆÑ tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ [∈ ( 4 M( N ) ( M( N ) Ë [∈∂ ( ÙÔÐ ÑÒÐ`ÔËÆÐÒÈÙËÔÆÝÅÐÒÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( M( N ) dÝÅÈÒÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÑÐÔÐÙ±ÈηMNƱÄÉÇÐÎ ËÊ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÏÏÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ) ( M( N ) ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà )τN d ÓËÍÕƱÍàÙÈÏËÃηMN∈) ( M( N ) ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔıËÈÔÐÙ±ËξMNÙÔÐ)ξMN ηMNoÈÑÐÍÏÄà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÄà ÓÕÎÎÄ σ ) ( τN ) ( ∂) ( ( ) ) ÇÍà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄM N∫ I\G\ÑÒËÆÝÅÒÄÏÏÝ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×η ËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ)(N ) ( ∂) ( ( ) ) ∑`σ) (τ) ( (M( N ) )∂) ( ( )∅IηMNµ) ( M( N ) ∑ IηMNµ) 4 M( N ) 4 M( N ) ⊂ (sÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÄà ßÔÐÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÓÕÎÎÈ ÏÈÑÐÍÏÄà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÄà ÓÕÎÎÄ σ τ ( ∂; ) ÇÍà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ I )[ _-) [_ G[ ÑÒËN(ÆÝÅÐÒÈÔÐÙȱξMNÊÄÑËÓÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎστN ( ∂( ) ∑ I)ξMN_-)ξMN_µ 4 M( N ) 4 M( N ) ⊂ (iÄÎÈÔËÆ ÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËà I ÅÕÇÕÙË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ I( ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÄÏÄÏÈÎ_I\_PF \∈ )(ÐØÈÏËÎÓÕÎÎÕÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄσ) (τN ) ( ∂)( )P ∑ I)ξMN_-)ξMN_µ4 M( N )4 M( N ) ⊂ ( Fα µ4 M( N )Pσ τ N ∑4 M( N ) ⊂ (N ( ∂( ) µ ( Fα NqÈÒÆÐÈÓÍÄÄÈÎÐÈÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÑÐÍÏÐÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌÓÕÎÎÐÌDÆÔÐÒÐÈÆÓËÍÕÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËà ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓà ± ÏÕÍà ÑÒË N { ÊÇÈÓÞ K N µ ( OLP Fα N nÈͱÐÓÔË ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌ τN Ë )τN ÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓà ± ÏÕÍà ÑÒË N { ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÑ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÈÏÈÑÐÍN→ÏÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈ ÓÕÎÎÝ ÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓà ÑÒË N { ± ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎOLP σ ) ( τN→OLP σ τN→N ) ( ∂)( ) ∫ I\G\)( ∫ I)[_-)[_G[N ( ∂( )(qÈÒÈÌÇñÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÑÒËN{ÆÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈÑÐÍÕÙËÎÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ∫ I\G\P ∫ I)[_-)[_G[()(tÈÑÈÒÞ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ )µ ÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÈ ÇÄÏÏÐÎÕÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà)ÔıÉÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÄÈÐñÐÅËÄÏ-)µ\ÏÈÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ )* Ë ÇÍà ÏÈÐ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÓÔÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÓÎÑ Ë \ I[- ) ´\ -) ( [ )fÍÃÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ)Ë) µËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ)) µ\ \\∈)*Ôı±Ä±ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)) ´ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ)*ÏÄÓÈÅÃqÒËÎÈÏËαËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕÓÔÐÃÛÈÎÕÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÓÄÎÐ ßÔÐ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÇÍà ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ) µ ÔÐÎÐÉÏÐ ÓÇÈÍÄÔÞ Ôı ±Ä± ÇÍà ÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ) µ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÆÓÈÕÓÍÐÆËÃÍÈÎÎÝiÄÎÈÔËÆÙÔÐ ( ) ± ( ) ( ( ) )ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∫ I)[_-)[_G[ (P∫I)[_-)[_G[)´)(P[ )´\ ∫ I))µ\_-))µ\__ - ) ´\_G\ ∫ I\G\[ )´\ )( )(jÊÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ)*→ 5 \QÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÑÌËÏÉ`ÓÌÏÑÑÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ * 5 [QÐÅÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÉÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÉÏÐÑÊÉÔÕ`ÇÑ * 5 \Q ÇËÅÌÏÐÑÑÈÐÑËÐÅÚÐÑÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÉÑIJÑÆÌÅÐÐÉÑÆÓÅÜÅÉÕÔÄÇÐÖÎßÐÅ*ÉÔÎÌÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ)Ì ÉÑIJÑÆÌÅÐÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÒÓÑÈÑÎÊÅÉÏÞÐÅËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÉ* ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ*Å×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÐÅÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ * ÌÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÒÓÑÈÑÎÊÅÉÏÅÐÅÉÑËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÉ* ÕÑ∫ I\G\ ∫ I)[_-[G[ * )*∼**tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ Æ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃ× ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÈ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏËÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ) ÎÐÉÈÔ Ë ÏÈ ÅÝÔÞ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÝÎÏÄ ÒÄÏËØÈ ∂* ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËà * Ä ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÈ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏËÈñÐÅËÄÏÄÎÐÉÈÔÏÄßÔÐÌÒÄÏËØÈÐÅÒÄÛÄÔÞÓÃÆÏÕÍÞ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð iÄÎݱÄÏËÈ* ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÊÎÈÒËÎÝαÐÎÑıÔÐÎÏıÐÔÐÒÝÌÑÐÕÓÍÐÆËàÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÄ ÖÕϱØËà I ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ßÔÐ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏËÈ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐ ÏÄ ±ÐÎÑıÔÈ * ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÄÎÄÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ* dÓËÍÕÉÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÐÓÔËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ)ËÈÐñÐÅËÄÏÄÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ * ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * ÒÄÓÓÕÉÇÄÃÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÑÐÍÕÙËÎÙÔÐÖÕϱØËÃI)[_-)[_ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ * tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ÓÔÐÃÛËȱıÆÍÈÆÐÌÔıËÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÆÕÓÍÐÆËÃ×ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*µÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐËËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ÔıË× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ*NN ÙÔÐÓÎÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈÆÑ`*N *NN N`*N *``ÑÒËÙÈÎ*N * N *N ÓÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ * N ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ *N ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎqÒËÎÈÏËÆÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ±ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎ*NÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∫ I\G\ ∫ I)[_-)[_G[N )*N*NtÈÑÈÒÞÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ)*NN ÔıÉÈÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝËÇÍÃÏË×ÆÓËÍÕÕÓÍÐÆËÌËÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÕÓÍÐÆËÃ`)*N )*NN N`)*N )* * jÊËÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÑÐÍÏÐÌÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎÓÎÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÆÑÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐOLP ∫ I)[_-)[_G[ ∫ I)[_-)[_G[N→*N*bÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐËÊËÎÈÈÎOLP ∫ I\G\ ∫ I\G\N→)*N)*qÐßÔÐÎÕÑÈÒÈÌÇñÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÑÒËN→ÆÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈÑÐÍÕÙËÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕiÄÎÈÏÄÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×ƱÒÄÔÏÐÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈÙÄÓÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÕÑÒÐÛÄÈÔ ÈÐ ËÓÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÏËÈ Ë ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÈ qÒË ßÔÐÎ Æ ÐÔÍËÙËÈ ÐÔ ÐÇÏбÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÏÈÒÈDZРØÈÍÞà ÊÄÎÈÏÝ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÏÈ ÕÑÒÐÛÈÏËÈ ÑÐÇÝÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÖÕϱØËËÄÑÈÒÈ×ÐDZÅÐÍÈÈÑÒÐÓÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÇÄÉÈØÈÏÐÌÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐÕÓÍÐÉÏÈÏËÃÑÐÇÝÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌÖÕϱØËËd±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÑÒËÎÈÒÄÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏËÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÊÄÎÈÏÝÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×ƱÒÄÔÏÐÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÇÍÃÇÆÕÎÈÒÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÓÍÕÙÄÌÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÄÐÔÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÝ×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ±ÑÐÍÃÒÏÝÎrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÏıÐÔÐÒÐÌÇȱÄÒÔÐÆݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏÝUϕËÏÄÏÈÌÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÌÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱* ^Uϕ U 5 ϕ π`qÒËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË[ UFRVϕ\ UVLQϕ ϕ π U 5ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱ * ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔÓà ÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ * ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÓÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÝÎ˱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎË[ \ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐ̱ÒÕ[\ 5ËʱÐÔÐÒÐÐÕÇÄÍÈÏÒÄÇËÕÓP[ 5\ ÒËÓ pÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈËÈÐñÐÅËÄÏFRV ϕ ± U VLQ ϕ∂( [\ ) U∂( Uϕ )VLQ ϕ U FRV ϕÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÝÏÄÊÄαÏÕÔÝÌÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱* ^UϕPUP5PϕPπ`ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÑÒË ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏÏÐÎ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÊÄαÏÕÔÝ̱ÒÕ *ÏıÐÔÐÒÐÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÕÉÈÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÝÎÆÊÄËÎÏÄà ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÄÒÕÚÄÈÔÓÃÏÄÒÄÏËØÈÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞϕπ\**5UrËÓ5 [Ï˱Ä* ¶ÐÔÒÈʱËP[P5ÑÒËϕ Ëϕ πÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄàÔÓÃÆÐÇËÏËÔÐÔÉÈÐÔÒÈÊбP[P5\ ÄÐÔÒÈÊбU PϕPπË ÆÐÆÓÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔÓÃ Æ ÔÐÙ±Õ ±ÐÅËÄÏ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏÏÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÑÒËU sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÇÍà ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÏıÒÕÈ[\P5ÖÕϱØËËI[\ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄI[\G[G\ ∫∫[\P5∫ ∫ IU FRV ϕU VLQ ϕUGU GϕPϕPπPUP5qÒËÆÈÇÈαÐϱÒÈÔÏÝÌÑÒËÎÈÒÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐßÔÐÌÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ∫ ∫ FRV π [ \ G[G\ PϕPπ∫ ∫ U FRV πU GUGϕ[\Pπ∫PUPVLQ πU ´ ∫ VLQ πU GU ´ Gϕ ∫ UFRV πU GU π Uπππ¥ÇÐÎÇÔÒÊÙÇÓÌÊËÓÎÝÓÍÂÃÓÐÍàÔÏÐËÄÇÍÊÙÊÏÝáÌÐÃÊÂÏÂÐÔÐÃÒÂÈÇÏÊá`qÕÓÔÞ ) µ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÈ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ* 5 [QÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ * 5 \Q)* * qÕÓÔÞñÐÅËÄÏ-)ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ)ÏÈÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÏÄ*ËÑÕÓÔޱıÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)ÔıËÈÐñÐÅËÄÏÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÝÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ *ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * lı Ë ÒÄÏÞÚÈ ÅÕÇÈÎ ßÔË ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏËà ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ)Ë-)ÏÄÊÝÆÄÃÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏÏÕàÖÕϱØËà-)ÑÐÑÒÈÉÏÈÎÕIJÑÆÌÅÐÑÏÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÄ)qÕÓÔÞ ' µ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÄà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ Ô È ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÐÈ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÈÈÓÃ Æ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËË *ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*' * tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝ× ÔÐÙ±Ä× ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ñÐÅËÄÏÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÎÐÉÈÔ ÐÅÒÄÛÄÔÞÓÃ Æ ÏÕÍÞ ÔÐ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔÞ Æ ÔÈ× ÔÐÙ±Ä× ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔ ÒÄÏËØÈ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * qÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÔıÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÇÍà ÑÒбÐÍÐÔÐÐ ±ÒÕÄ * ^[ [ [ [ ` ? ^` Ë``±ÒÕÄ' [[ [ [ qÕÓÔÞ ÐÅÒÄÊ )' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ cÕÇÕÙË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ )'ÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÅÍÄÓÔÞàÓÎÑfÍÃÈÐÎÈÒÝËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÓÎÓÆÐÌÓÔÆбÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆѵ)' ∫ G\)'qÒËÎÈÏËÆ ± ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ Æ ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ßÔÐÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ÊÄÎÈÏÝ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐ Æ ±ÒÄÔÏÐÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈ ÊÇÈÓÞI\ÑÐÍÕÙËε)' ∫ _-)[_G['qÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÐÓÒÈÇÏÈÎÓÎÑ ËÎÈÈÎ ∫ _-)[_G[ _-)ξ_µ''ξ∈'tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐε)' _-)ξ_ ξ∈'µ'gÓÍË ^'` µ ÓÈÎÈÌÓÔÆÐ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ× ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÈÈÐÅÍÄÓÔË Ó±ÐÍÞ ÕÐÇÏÐ ÎÄÍÐÐ ÇËÄÎÈÔÒÄ Ë ÈÓÍË ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔÐÙ±Ä[ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛÄÃÆÓÈÎÐÅÍÄÓÔÃÎßÔÐÐÓÈÎÈÌÓÔÆÄÔÐOLPGLDP' → ' _-)[_[∈'µ)µ'fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ËÊ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ _ξ ´ [_ P GLDP ' [∈'ξ∈' ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ OLP ξ [ pÔÓàÇÄ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆGLDP' → ÏÐÓÔËñÐÅËÄÏÄ-)ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ)ËÎÈÈÎOLPGLDP' → -)ξ -)[qÐßÔÐÎÕÑÈÒÈÌÇñÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÆÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÈÑÐÍÕÙËÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ±ÐÔÐÒÄÃËÆÝÒÄÉÄÈÔÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÌÓÎÝÓÍÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÐÌÆÈÍËÙËÏÝñÐÅËÄÏÄÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃlÐÒÐÙÈÐÆÐÒÃÔÙÔÐÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÄà ÆÈÍËÙËÏÄ Ã±ÐÅËÄÏÄ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÈÒÄÆÏıÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÕËÊÎÈÏÈÏËÃÎÈÒÝÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±È ¬ÒÊÄÐÍÊÏÇËÏÝÇÌÐÐÒÆÊÏÂÔÝdÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ\ \[[[Q\ \[[[Q\ )[ \Q \Q[[[QÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * µ 5 [Q Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ 5 \Q ÓÔÄÆËÔ Æ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆËȱÄÉÇÐÌÔÐÙ±È[ [[[QÏÄÅÐÒQÙËÓÈÍ\\\QÔË ÙËÓÍÄ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞ ±Ä± ÇÒÕËÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÔÐÌÉÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë [ ÔË ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÐÅÝÙÏÐ ²ÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÏÌ ²ÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÅÏÌ Ôı ±Ä± ±ÒËÆÝÈ ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛËÈÓà ËÊÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ\L \L[[[QL QÑÒËÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏËËÆÓÈ×ÄÒÕÎÈÏÔÐƱÒÐÎÈÐÇÏÐÐßÔ˱ÒËÆÝÈÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓòÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÐÞÏÌÎÌÐÌÄÏÌÏÈÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÆÐÐÅÛÈÐÆÐÒÃÑÒÃÎÝÎ˱ıÆÓÍÕÙÄÈÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÝ×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞ ÏÈÔÐÍޱбıÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÊÄÇÄàÛËÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄËÊÐÇÏÐÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄÆÇÒÕÐÈƱÄÉÇÐÎËʱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÊÄÇÄÏÝÇȱÄÒÔÐÆݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ[[ [QË\\ \QÏÐ˱ıÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÐÔ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ[[ [Q±ÏÐÆÝαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎ\\ \QÔÐÌÉÈÔÐÙ±ËÆÔÐÎÉÈÓÄÎÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈd ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ ÊÄÎÈÏÝ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× Æ ±ÒÄÔÏÐÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈ Ô È ÑÒË ÔıÐÌ ËÏÔÈÒÑÒÈÔÄØËË ÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÌ Æ ÐÅÈË× ÙÄÓÔÃ× ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÑËÓÄÔÞ ÐÇÏÕ ËÔÕÉÈÐÅÍÄÓÔÞËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃ∫ I[\G\ ∫ I)[_-)[_G[**Ôı ±Ä± ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓà ÑÐ ÐÇÏÐÎÕ Ë ÔÐÎÕ ÉÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÕÐÑËÓÝÆÄÈÎÐÎÕÒÄÊÏÝÎËÓÑÐÓÐÅÄÎËpÅÒÄÔÏÝÌ ÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇ ÐÔ \ \ \Q ± [ [ [Q ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒËÑÐÎÐÛËÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ[ [\\ \Q[ [\\ \Q[ )µ\ [Q [Q\\ \QrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÇÍà ÏÄÍÃÇÏÐÓÔË ÅÐÍÈÈ ÑÐÇÒÐÅÏÐ ÇÆÕÎÈÒÏÝÌÓÍÕÙÄÌqÕÓÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÐÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈX X[\Y Y[\ ÆÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ 5 cÕÇÈÎÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË 5 [\XYÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞ ÑÄÒÕ X Y ±Ä± ÏÐÆÝÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÔÐÙ±Ë [ \uÒÄÆÏÈÏËñÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÍËÏËÌÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈËÎÈàÔÆËÇ[ [XY\ \XYY µFRQVWË[ [XY\ \XYX µFRQVWÔ È ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝÈ ÑÍÐÓ±ËȱÒËÆÝÈcÕÇÈÎ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÆÓÈÎÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎÑÒ˱ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÅÝÍÄÇбÄÊÄÏÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÊÄÎÈÏÝ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× Æ ±ÒÄÔÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ× ÓÎ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ ÆÑ ÑÒËQ ËÙÔÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ[ [XY\ \XYÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎÐÅÒÄÔÏÝαÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËàjÓÓÍÈÇÕÈαıÐÌÓÎÝÓÍÅÕÇÈÔËÎÈÔÞÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÎÐÇÕÍÞñÐÅËÄÏÄ iÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈÎ ±Ä±ËÈÍËÅÐ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËà X ∆X Y ∆YqÕÓÔÞ 0 X Y ' ¶ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÆÓÈ× ÔÐÙȱ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ X Y ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÎX X X∆XY Y Y∆YËÑÕÓÔÞ 'µ*nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ' ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ²ÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÐÞÏ ²ÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÏ ÒÅÓÅÎÎÉÎÑÓÅÏÏÑÏnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ'ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÑÐÙÈÎÕ"ËÈÐÒÄÏËØÄÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËÌ ±ÐÏÔÕÒ ÐÏ ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ±ÒËÆÝ×ÆËÇÄ[ [XY\ \XYÇÈYPYPY∆YËÔ ÑÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ' ±ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÄà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ dÝÙËÓÍËÎ ÈÈ ÑÍÐÛÄÇÞ ÒËÓ qÒËÎÈÏËÆ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ÊÄÎÈÏÝ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐ Æ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈ Ë ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÕàÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÐÓÒÈÇÏÈÎÓÎÑ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∂( [\ ) GXGY∫ ∂( XY )µ' ∫ ∫ G[G\ ∫X < X < X ∆XY < Y < Y ∆Y'∂( [\ )∂( XY )X∆Y0Y∆Y∂( [\ ) ∆X∆Y 0∈'∫ GX Y∫ GY ∂( XY )X0d ÓËÍÕ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËÌ ∂( [\ )∂( XY )( [\ ) ∂0∂( XY )εÇÈ0OLP∆X ∆Y → ( [\ )µ' ∂∂( XY )ε tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ∆X∆Yε∆X∆Y0ÔÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÙÔÐÎÐÇÕÍÞñÐÅËÄÏÄÆÔÐÙ±ÈXYÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÓÐÅÐ̱ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÕÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÃ∆X∆YÍÄÆÏÐÌÙÄÓÔËÑÍÐÛÄÇ˱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÐÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÐÒÄÎÎÄÓÆÈÒÚËÏÐÌÆÔÐÙ±ÈXYÑÒË∆X∆Y{ÔÐÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈÙÄÓÔÐËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÈÔÓà ÏÄ ÑÒıÔË±È ÑÒË ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËË Ã±ÐÅËÄÏÄ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËñÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÆÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÝqбÄÉÈÎßÔÐÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÈ ÑÐÍÃÒÏÝ× ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ U ϕ iÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈÎ ±Ä±ËÈÍËÅÐ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃUU∆UϕËϕ∆ϕËÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÌÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÐÒÄÎÎ ' ÒËÓ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏÏÝÌ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎË ÍËÏËÃ\Y Y∆Y'Y YX X∆XX X∆ϕ[U ∆ϕϕ'UrËÓrËÓ∆UÎË U U ∆U ϕ Ë ϕ ∆ϕ fÍËÏÝ ÇÆÕ× ÈÐ ÓÔÐÒÐÏ ÒÄÆÏÝÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ∆U Ë U∆ϕ dÝÙËÓÍËÆ ÑÍÐÛÄÇÞ ßÔÐÐ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÐÒÄÎÎÄÔı±Ä±ÈÓÍËÅÝÐÏÅÝÍÐÅݱÏÐÆÈÏÏÝÎÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱ÐÎÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞµ'≈U∆U∆ϕjÔı ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔ Õ ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËà ∆U∆ϕ бÄÊÄÍÓà ÒÄÆ( [\ ) UdÇÈÌÓÔÆËÏÝÎUÐÔ±ÕÇÄÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐÉËÇÄÔÞÙÔÐ ∂∂( XY )ÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÓÎ ÑÒËÎÈÒ Æ Ñ Ôı Ë ÈÓÔÞ ÔÐ ÑÒÐËÊÐÚÍÐÑÐÔÐÎÕ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÏÄÚË× ÏÈÔÐÙÏÝ× ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÃ× ÑÍÐÛÄÇË 'ÇÐÑÕÛÈÏÄ ÐÚËÅ±Ä ÅÐÍÈÈ ÆÝÓбÐÐ ÑÐÒÃÇ±Ä ÎÄÍÐÓÔË ÙÈÎ ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÈ ∆U∆ϕ ÑÒË ∆U ∆ϕ { d ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÆÝÙËÓÍËƵ'±Ä±ÒÄÊÏÐÓÔÞÑÍÐÛÄÇÈÌÇÆÕ×ÓȱÔÐÒÐÆÑÐÍÕÙËε' U∆U∆ϕ´U∆ϕ U∆U∆ϕ ∆U∆ϕuqrbhogojoÄÑËÓÄÔÞÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÊÄÎÈÏÝÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌÇÍÃÓÍÈÇÕàÛË×ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏË̱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ [ U FRV ψ FRV ϕ \ U FRV ψ VLQ ϕ ]ÓÖÈÒËÙÈÓ±ËȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝU VLQ ψ P U P ϕ P π [ U FRV ϕ \ U VLQ ϕ ] ] P U P ϕ P π ´ ] ØËÍËÏÇÒËÙÈÓ±ËȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ¬ÒÊÄÐÍÊÏÇËÏÝÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÝ ¬ÒÊÄÐÍÊÏÇËÏÝÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÝÑÇÒÄÐÅÐÒÐÆÂqÕÓÔÞÆÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ5ÊÄÇÄÏıÒËÆÄÃΓ ^UWDPWPE`ÓÎ nÝÅÕÇÈÎÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË)ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÈ ÏÄ ÔÐÙ±Ä× UW ßÔÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ) )UW gÓÍËρταPτPβ ¶±Ä±ÐÈÍËÅÐÇÒÕÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÔÐÌÉȱÒËÆÐÌΓËW WταPτPβ ¶ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÐÔÒÈʱÄ>αβ@ÏÄÐÔÒÈÊб>DE@ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃàÛÈÈß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔÞßÔË×ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌ Ô È W Wτ α P τ P β ¶ ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÐÈ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ ÓÎÑ ÔÐÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈÖÕϱØËË)ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÍËÚÞÔÐÙ±Ð̱ÒËÆÐÌÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞ)ρτ )UWW W τ)αPτPβrÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË ) ÑÒËÏËÎÄàÔ ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÐÆÐÒÃÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝÈ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ Æ ÔÐÙ±Ä× ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË× ÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝÎ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÎ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ ÏÐ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÛË× ±Ä± ÔÐÙ±ËÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ ÓÎ ±ÒÄÔÏÝÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë Æ Ñ tıÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÊÒÈÏËà ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÖËÊËÙÈÓ±ÐÌ ËÏÔÈÒÑÒÈÔÄØËË ±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ±Ä± ÔÒÄȱÔÐÒËË ÇÆËÉÈÏËà ÎÄÔÈÒËÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÄÖÕϱØËË ) ¶ ±Ä± ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÓËÍÝÇÈÌÓÔÆÕàÛÈÌÏÄÏÈÈËÊÄÆËÓÃÛÈÌ ÏÈ ÔÐÍޱРÐÔ ÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËà ÔÐÙ±Ë Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ ÏÐ ËÐÔ ÎÐÎÈÏÔÄ Æ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎ ßÔÄ ÔÐÙ±Ä ÏÄ×ÐÇËÔÓÃ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÎÈÓÔÈlÒÐÎÈ ÔÐÐ ÔıÐÌ ÑÐÇ×ÐÇ ÇÄÈÔ Ë ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÈ ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±ËÈÑÒÈËÎÕÛÈÓÔÆıÐÔÐÒÝÈÅÕÇÕÔÆËÇÏÝÆÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎjÊ Ó±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÈÖÕϱØËËÊÄÇÄÏÏÝÈÏıÒËÆÐÌÏÈÍÞÊÃÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔޱıÖÕϱØËËÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÈÏÄ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 5 Ë ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÓÔÒÐÐÐÆÐÒÃË×ÏÈÍÞÊÃÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞÙÈÒÈÊ)[\]ÇÈ[\] ¶ÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ÔÐÙȱ pÇÏÄ±Ð Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ× ÏËÉÈ ÆÐÑÒÐÓÄ× ÔıÐÈ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÒÄÇËØËÐÏÏÝÎÑÐßÔÐÎÕÎÝÅÕÇÈÎÈÐÕÑÐÔÒÈÅÍÃÔÞgÓÍËÆÓÈÇÄÑÐÎÏËÔÞÙÔÐÆßÔË×ÆÐÑÒÐÓÄ×ÒÈÙÞËÇÈÔÐÖÕϱØËÃ×ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝ× ÏÄ ÔÐÙ±Ä× ±ÒËÆÝ× ÔÐ ÈÐ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÏËÈ ÏÈ ÑÒËÆÈÇÈÔ±ÏÈÇÐÒÄÊÕÎÈÏËÃÎqÕÓÔÞÔÈÑÈÒÞÊÄÇÄÏÄÓÑÒÃÎÍÃÈÎÄÃÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄñÒËÆÄÃΓÑÒËÙÈÎUV ^[V\V]VPVP6` ¶ÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÇÈ Æ ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ ÆÊÃÔÄ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÄà ÇÍËÏÄ ÇÕË V ËÑÕÓÔÞ $ U Ë % U6 ¶ ÏÄÙÄÍÞÏÄÃ Ë ±ÐÏÈÙÏÄà ÔÐÙ±Ë ßÔÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÅÕÇÈÎÑËÓÄÔÞΓ $%qÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÐÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÕà±ÒËÆÕàÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ %$ °ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß ÐÅ ÕÑÚ²ÅØUV²ÓÌÇÑÍΓËÅÈÅÐÅ ÐɲÑÕÑÓÅÄ×ÖвÙÌÄ)tÑÈÅÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ )[\]GVÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÄÉÕÔÄ$%ÒÑ×ÑÓÏÖÎÉ6)[\]GV)[V\V]VGV∫∫$%Ì ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ²ÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÏ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏ ÒÉÓÇÑÑ ÓÑÈÅ ÑÕ×ÖвÙÌÌ)ÒѲÓÌÇÑÍ $%ÔÐÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÃÔıÉÈÓËÎÆÐÍÄÎË∫ ) UVGVË ∫ ) UVGVËÍ˱ÐÒÐÙÈ ∫ )GV$%eetıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ×ÐÔà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÑÈÒÆÐÐ ÒÐÇÄ Ë ÓÆÃÊÄÏÐ Ó ÑÐÏÃÔËÈÎ ±ÒËÆÐÌ Ô È Ó ÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÐÏÐÓÆÐÇËÔÓñÐÅÝÙÏÐÎÕËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕÑÐÐÔÒÈÊ±Õ Ë ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÏÄ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÑÈÒÈÏÐÓÃÔÓÃÆÓÈÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÐÅÝÙÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄpÔÎÈÔËÎ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÓÑÈØËÖËÙÈÓ±ËÈ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ GV 6$%ÔÐÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ gÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ ) ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅ Ç ÕÑÚ²ÅØ ²ÓÌÇÑÍ Γ ²Å²×ÖвÙÌÄ ÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÅ V Õ É ÉÔÎÌ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÄ ×ÖвÙÌÄ) UVPVP6ÕÑ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ )GVÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕedÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ )GVe6ÓÆÐÇËÔÓà ± ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ ∫ )[V \V ]VGV ÐÔ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÖÕϱØËË ÑÐ ÐÔÒÈÊ±Õ Ä ßÔÐÔ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ±Ä± ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ lÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÍ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ÒÉÓÇÑÑ ÓÑÈÅ ÐÉ ËÅÇÌÔÌÕÑÕ ÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÌ ²ÓÌÇÑÍ∫ )[\]GV ∫ )[\]GV%$$%fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÕÓÔÞ 0 UV ¶ ÔÐÙ±Ä ±ÒËÆÐÌ $% Ë V ¶ÇÍËÏÄ ÇÕË $0 gÓÍË σ 6 µ V ÔÐ σ ÒÄÆÏÃÈÔÓà ÇÍËÏÈ ÇÕË%0 ÒËÓ vÕϱØËà U U 6 ´ σ P σ P 6 ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ±ÒËÆÐÌ %$ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÆÝÑÐÍÏËÆ Æ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈÊÄÎÈÏÕÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐV 6´σËÊÄÎÈÔËÆÙÔÐGV ´GσÑÐÍÕÙËÎ6∫ )[\]GV ∫ )[V\V]VGV$%´ ∫ )[6´σ\6´σ]6´σGσ66 ∫ )[6´σ\6´σ]6´σGσ ∫ )[\]Gσ.%$%0U 6U 6 U 6´δ$ U rËÓÔÐ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÈÒÆÐÐ ÒÐÇÄ ÓÆÃÊÄÏÐ Ó ÔÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàÇÍËÏÄÇÕ˱ÒËÆÐÌÓÙËÔÄÈÔÓà ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐ ÐÔ ±ÐÏØÄÐÔ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐÐÏÄÐÔÓÙËÔÝÆÄÈÔÓÃqÒÈÉÇÈ ÙÈÎ ÑÈÒÈÌÔË ± ÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÎÕÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÕÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐ ∫ )GV±Ä±ËÆÓñËÌeËÏÔÈÒÄÍÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÈÇÈÍÐÎÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ× ÓÕÎÎ ÓÑÈØËÖ豀 ßÔÐÐ ÓÍÕÙÄà ÓÐÓÔÐËÔÍËÚÞÆÔÐÎÙÔÐßÔËÓÕÎÎÝÎÐÉÏÐÐÑËÓÄÔÞÆÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë×ÔÈÒÎËÏÄ×ÓÆÃÊÄÏÏÝ×Ó±ÒËÆÐÌΓÑбÐÔÐÒÐÌÆÈÇÈÔÓÃËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎßÔÐÅÐÍÈÈÔÐÙÏÐLL qÖÔÕß τ { V L } L τ ¶ ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉ ÑÕÓÉ˲Š> 6@ξL∈>VL ´VL@∆VL VL´VL´ ¶ÈÎÌÐÅ ÈÖÌ ²ÓÌÇÑÍΓÑÕ ÕÑÚ²ÌLτUVL ´ÈÑÕÑÚ²ÌUVLL LτÌστ ∑ )UξL∆VtÑL ÈÅ ÉÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÄ)UVÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÒÑ rÌÏÅÐÖ ÐÅ ÑÕÓÉ˲É>6@ÕÑOLP στ ∫ )GVτ →efÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ στ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÓÕÎ6ÎÐÌ rËÎÄÏÄ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ )UVGV Ë ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊvÐÒÎÕÍÄÐÙÈÏÞÕÇÐÅÏÄ ÇÍà ËÊÕÙÈÏËà ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ )GV ÐÇÏıРÐÏÄ ÇÄÍȱÐeÏÈÆÓÈÇÄÕÇÐÅÏÄÇÍÃÈÐÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÃÔı±Ä±ÏÈÒÈDZÐÅÝÆÄÈÔÐÙÈÏÞÓÍÐÉÏÐËÍËÇÄÉÈÑÒıÔËÙÈÓ±ËÏÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÏÄÌÔËÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ÇÄÏÏÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÇÈ ÊÄ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒ ÆÊÃÔÄ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÄÃÇÍËÏÄ ÇÕË u±ÄÉÈÎ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ÇÍà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ )GVeÑÒËÍàÅÐÎÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ÐÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏË˱ÒËÆÐÌΓ qÖÔÕß Γ ¶ ÎÅȲÅÄ ²ÓÌÇÅÄ ÓÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÆÑ UW ^ϕWψWχWDPWPE` ¶ÉÉÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÉ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉ Ì ÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑϕ′W ψ′Wχ′W!DPWPEqÖÔÕß×ÖвÙÌÄ)ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÐŲÓÌÇÑÍΓÇÕÑÏÔÏÞÔÎÉÚÕÑ×ÖвÙÌÄ)>UW@ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÐÅÑÕÓÉ˲É>DE@tÑÈÅE∫ )[\]GV ∫ )ϕWψWχW ϕ′ W ψ′ W χ′ WGW eDd ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÑÒË ÓÇÈÍÄÏÏÝ× ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃ× ±ÒËÆÄà ΓÓÑÒÃÎÍÃÈÎÄ Ë ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÕà ÇÍËÏÕ ÇÕË V VW ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÒËÏÃÔÞ ÊÄ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒ ÓÎ ÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈ ËÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ Æ Ñ ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ )GV ËÎÈÈÔ ÓÎÝÓÍ dÝÑÐÍÏËÆ ÊÄÎÈÏÕ ÑÈÒÈe oÄÑÐÎÏËÎ ÙÔÐ ßÔÐ ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÐÔÓÕÔÓÔÆËÈ ÐÓÐÅÝ× ÔÐÙȱ ÏıÒËÆÐÌÓÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÆÑ ÎÈÏÏÐÐ V VW Æ ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ Ë ÆÓÑÐÎÏËÆÙÔÐÓÎÑGV [ W′ \ W′ ] W′ GWÑÐÍÕÙËÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕjÊÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÇÍÃÇÄÏÏÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÓÔÐÃÛÈÐÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ ÏÄ ±ÒËÆÐÌ Ôı ±Ä± ÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎ ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ ßÔÐÔ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÒÄÆÈÏ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ ÓÔÐÃÛÈÎÕ Æ ÍÈÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËßÔÐÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ¬ÒÊÄÐÍÊÏÇËÏÝÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÝÄÔÐÒÐÅÐÒÐÆÂrÃÇ ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±Ë× Ë ÑÒ˱ÍÄÇÏÝ× ÊÄÇÄÙ ÑÒËÆÐÇËÔ ± ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎ ÇÒÕÐÐ ÔËÑÄ oÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÈÓÍË U UWÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÒÄÇËÕÓÐÎÆȱÔÐÒÐÎ ÇÆËÉÕÛÈÌÓà ÎÄÔÈÒËÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ËÄ) )W ¶ÓËÍÄÇÈÌÓÔÆÕàÛÄÃÏÄßÔÕÔÐÙ±ÕÔÐÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÞ ÒÄÅÐÔÕ ÓËÍÝ ) ÆÇÐÍÞ ÔÒÄȱÔÐÒËË Γ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÔÐٱ˱ıËÏÔÈÒÄÍ∫ )GUËÍËÈÓÍË) 345ÄGUeG[G\G]ƱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÊÄÑËÓ˱ıËÏÔÈÒÄÍ∫ 3G[4G\5G]edÓÑÐÎËÏÄÃÙÔÐÓÎÑ G[G\G] FRVα FRVβ FRVγGVGVGVÇÈW FRVαFRVβFRVγµÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ̱ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌÆȱÔÐÒËÏÔÈÒÄÍÎÐÉÏÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÔÞÖÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÆÆËÇÈ∫ 3FRVα4FRVβ5FRVγGVesÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÓÔÒÐÐÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÆËÇÄqÕÓÔÞΓ $% ¶ÍÄDZÄÃÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄñÒËÆÄÃÔ È ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄà ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄà ±ÒËÆÄà ÅÈÊ ÐÓÐÅÝ× ÔÐÙȱ tÐÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈ ÈÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈUW ^[ ϕW\ ψW] χWDPWPE`$ UD% UEÙÔÐϕ′Wψ′Wχ′W!DPWPEqÕÓÔÞ V VW ¶ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÄà ÇÍËÏÄ ÇÕË P V P 66 ¶ ÇÍËÏÄ ÆÓÈÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ ÐÔÓÙËÔÝÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÐÔ ÔÐÙ±Ë $FRV α FRV β FRV γ µ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÌ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌ ÆȱÔÐÒ ± ±ÒËÆÐÌα αV β= βVγ γVPVP6ËÑÕÓÔÞÖÕϱØËÃ)±Ä±ËÆÑÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ^UWDPWPE`ÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱ±ÒËÆÐÌΓ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ jÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ )[\]G[ÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÄÉÕÔÄÒÑ×ÑÓÏÖÎÉ$%∫ )[\] G[ ∫ )[\] FRV αGV$%$%bÐÅÎÑÌÚÐÑÒÑÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÉÐÌáÒÑÎÅÅÉÕÔÄ∫ )[\] G\ ∫ )[\] FRVβ GV$%$%∫ )[\] G] ∫ )[\] FRVγ GV$%$%jÐÕÉÓÅÎÞÇÌÈÅÌÐÅËÞÇÅáÕÔIJÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÏÌÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅÏÌÇÕÑÓÑÑÓÑÈÅÑÕ×ÖвÙÌÌ)ÒѲÓÌÇÑÍ $%gÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÓÔÞßÔË×ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÌÆËÇÏÄËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍlı Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ Ôı Ë Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÃ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÐÆÐÒÃÔ ÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËà ) ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÔÓà ÑÐ ±ÒËÆÐÌ $%pÔÎÈÔËÎ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÆÔÐÒÐÐ ÒÐÇÄ ÐÒÄÏËÙËÆÄÃÓÞ ÇÍà ±ÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔË ÔÐÍޱРÓÍÕÙÄÈÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ gÔÎÌ×ÖвÙÌÄ)ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÐŲÓÌÇÑÍΓÕ ÉÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅ×ÖвÙÌÄ)UWDPWPEÕÑÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÒË ÓÇÈÍÄÏÏÝ× ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ΓÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃ×ÖÕϱØËÃW WVW ¶ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÏıÒËÆÐÌΓ,V ¶ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÄà ÇÍËÏÄ ÇÕË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄGW ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È > 6@ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÖÕϱØËà FRV α G[GW GVÏÄßÔÐÎÐÔÒÈʱÈËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÖÕϱØËÃ)UWVFRVαVÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ > 6@ Ë Æ ÓËÍÕ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÑÈÒÆÐÐÒÐÇÄËÏÔÈÒÄÍÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔd ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÑÕϱÔÈ ÇÍà ÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËà ) ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ d ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈÆÓÈÑÒËÆÈÇÈÏÏÝÈÏËÉÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝÊÄÆÈÇÐÎÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ lÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÍ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ÇÕÑÓÑÑ ÓÑÈÅ ÏÉÐÄÉÕ ËÐŲÒÓÌ ÌËÏÉÐÉÐÌÌ ÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÌ ²ÓÌÇÑÍ Õ É∫ )[\]G[ ´ ∫ )[\]G[$%%$sÄÎÐ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÒÄÊÕÎÈÈÔÓà ÙÔÐ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ±ÐÇÄ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàÏ˱ıÐÐËÊÎÈÏÈÏËÃÊÏıÄÏÈÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔ Ôı ±Ä± ÈÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÐ ÏÈÔ pÇÏıРÏÄÑËÓÄÏÏÐÈ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÐÓÔÄÈÔ0%ÓÃÆÈÒÏÝÎd ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÈÓÍË α ¶ ÕÐÍ$ÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏÏÝÌÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÝÎÏÄα′αÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÈαÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ̱±ÒËÆÐÌ[$%ÓÐÓÞà2[Äα′ ¶ÕÐÍÐÅÒÄÊÐrËÓÆÄÏÏÝÌ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÝÎ ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÈαÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ̱±ÒËÆÐÌ %$ ÓÐÓÞà2[ÔÐÇÍÃÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË× ÔÐÙȱ ËÎÈÈÎ α′ α π ÒËÓ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐFRVα′ ´FRVαjÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÑÈÒÆÐÐ ÒÐÇÄ ÐÔ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÓÎÑ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∫ )[\]G[ ∫ )[\]FRVα′GV ´ ∫ )[\]FRVαGV \%$%$%$´ ∫ )[\]FRVαGV ´ ∫ )[\]G[$%$%tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ßÔÐ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÆÝÔȱÄÈÔËÊÔÐÐÖıÔÄÙÔбÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ∫ )[\]G[Ë ∫ )[\]G[$%%$ÒÄÆÏÝ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÎ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎ ÑÈÒÆÐÐÒÐÇÄÑÐÇÝÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËñÐÔÐÒÝ×ÐÔÍËÙÄàÔÓÃÔÐÍÞ±ÐÊÏıÐÎ gÔÎÌ ) ¶ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÄ ÐÅ ²ÓÌÇÑÍ Γ $% ×ÖвÙÌÄÕÑ ÈÎÄ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅÔÒÓÅÇÉÈÎÌÇÅ ×ÑÓÏÖÎÅE∫ )[\]G[ ∫ )ϕWψWχWϕ′(W)GWD$%fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà6∫ )[\]G[ ∫ )[V\V]VFRVαVGV$%dÝÑÐÍÏËÆÆËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈÓÔÐÃÛÈÎÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËßÔÐÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÊÄÎÈÏÕÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐV VWDPWPEËÊÄÎÈÙÄÃÙÔÐÓÎ[ W′ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ FRVα G[6GVV W′E[′W V ′GW∫ )[V\VFRVαV GV ∫ )ϕWψWχWV W′ WED∫ )ϕWψWχWϕ W′ W GWDpÔÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÎÝ ÇбÄÊÄÍË ÔıÉÈ ÙÔÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÓÔÐÃÛËÌÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËßÔÐÌÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄÏıÒËÆÐÌÓÐ×ÒÄÏÃàÛÈÐÈÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËàd ÙÄÓÔÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ±ÐÇÄ ÊÄ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒ W ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÊÃÔÞ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÕà [ Ô È ±ÐÇÄ ±ÒËÆÄÃ Γ ÐÅÍÄÇÄÈÔ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ \\[] ][DP[PEËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈËÎÈÈÔ±ÒÄÔÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱ ÖÕϱØËà ) ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÌ ÖÕϱØËÈÌ ÏÈ ÔÐÍޱРÔÐÙȱ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÏÐ Ë ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË× ÔÐÙȱ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄÆ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÒÄÊÏÝÎ ÔÐÙ±ÄÎ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÔ ÒÄÊÏÝÈÔÐÙ±ËÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄËÏÄÐÅÐÒÐÔvÐÒÎÕÍÄÑÒËÏËÎÄÈÔÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÆËÇE∫ )[\] G[ ∫ )[\[][ G[D$%gÓÍËÏÄÍÄDZÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌ$% ^UWDPWPE`UW ϕWψWχWÊÄÇÄÏÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË 3UW 4UW 5UW ÔÐ ÇÍÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ∫ 4G\Ë ∫ 5G]ËÎÈàÔÎÈÓÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÈ$%$%ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ∫ 3G[4G\5G]$%E∫ >3UWϕ′W4UWψ′W5UWχ′W@GWDgÓÍË ÆȱÔÐÒ Ó ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎË 3 4 5 ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÎË ÏıÒËÆÐÌe $%ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÔÞÙÈÒÈÊDÄÆȱÔÐÒÓ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎËG[G\G]µÙÈÒÈÊGUÔÐDGU 3G[4G\5G]ËÇÍÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÍÕÙËÔÓÃÊÄÑËÓÞ∫DGUÔÈ∫DGU ∫3G[4G\5G]mÈÆÄà ÙÄÓÔÞ ßÔÐÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌ ÊÄÑËÓÞà ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÆÔÐÒÐÐ ÒÐÇÄ Ä ÑÒÄÆÄà µÈбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÊÄÑËÓÞà jÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ )[ \ ]G[ ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄ ÒÓÉÈÉÎÑÏ ÔÑÑÕÇÉÕ$%ÔÕÇÖáÜÌØ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎßÐÞØ ÔÖÏÏ ÑÒÌÔÞÇÅÉÏÞØ Ç ÕÉÓÏÌÐÅØL LÔÇÄËÅÐÐÞØÔ²ÓÌÇÑÍΓÕÑÚÐÉÉÒÖÔÕßτ { W L } L τ¶ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉÑÕÓÉ˲Å>DE@_τ_ ¶ÉÑÏÉβÑÔÕßξL∈>WL ´WL@L LτÌLτ∼στ ∑ )U ξL∆[LLÈÉ∆[L ϕWL´ϕWL´ÕÑÈÅ∼OLP στ ∫ )[\]G[τ →$%∼sÖÏÏÅ στÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÌÐÕÉÓÅÎßÐÑÍ ÔÖÏÏÑÍ ²ÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÑÑ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅ ÇÕÑÓÑÑ ÓÑÈÅd ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ÑÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝ× ÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÌ mÄÒÄÏÉÄ∆[L ϕ′ηL∆WLÇÈηL∈>WL´WL@∆WL WL´WL´M LτÑÐßÔÐÎÕLτ∼στ ∑ )U ξLϕ′ηL∆WLLqÐÍÐÉËÎLτστ ∑ )UξLϕ′ξL∆WLLsÕÎÎÄ στ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÓÕÎÎÐÌ rËÎÄÏÄ ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËË)UWϕ′WÑÐßÔÐÎÕEOLP στ ∫ )UWϕ′WGWτ →sÇÒÕÐÌÓÔÐÒÐÏÝDLτ∼_στ´στ_P ∑ _)UξL__ϕ′ηL´ϕ′ξL_∆WLPLP ωδτϕ′E´D VXS _)UW_DPWPEÇÈωδτϕ′ ¶ÎÐÇÕÍÞÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËϕ′tı±Ä±ËÊÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËË )UW ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐVXS_)UW_ ÄËÊÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËϕ′ÏÄÔÐÎÉÈÐÔÒÈʱÈÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ OLP ωδτϕ′ ÔÐ OLP _στ´στ_ qÐßÔÐτ →τ →ÎÕÆÓËÍÕÑÐÍÕÙËÎEOLP στ ∫ )UWϕ′WGWτ →DpÔÓàÇÄÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÕÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÖÐÒÎÕÍÄnÝ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÍË ÔÐÍޱРÔÈ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÓÆÃÊÄÏÝ ÓÐ ÓÑÈØËÖ˱ÐÌ Ë× ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÓ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÑÐ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓà ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ gÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÙÔÐ Ôı ±Ä± ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ÓÆÐÇÃÔÓà ±ÐÅÝÙÏÝÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎ ÑÐ ÐÔÒÈÊ±Õ ÔÐ ÏÈÔÒÕÇÏÐ ÑбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐÇÍà ÏË× ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÓÔË ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË ÑÐÇÕÄÎÑбÐÔÐÒÝÎÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÓÔÞËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆËÔ Ñ ²ÂÓÚÊÒÇÏÊÇÌÍÂÓÓÂÆÐÑÕÓÔÊÎÝ×ÑÒÇÐÃÒÂÉÐÄÂÏÊËÑÂÒÂÎÇÔÒÂÌÒÊÄÐËoÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄÃÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄñÒËÆÄÃÅÈÊÐÓÐÅÝ× ÔÐÙȱ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÍÄÓÞ ÓÎ Ñ ¶ ±Ä± ±ÒËÆÄÃËÎÈàÛÄà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÈ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÝÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃU WDPWPEÔıËÈÙÔÐU′ W ÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@d ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝ× ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÌ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ ÑÒË ßÔÐÎÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÍËÓÞÖÕϱØËËW WταPτPβWα DWβ E±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÅÝÍË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎË Ë ËÎÈÍË ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÕàÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÕàÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÔÐÔÒÈÅÐÆÄÏËÈÐÇÏıРÙÄÓÔРбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÓÍËÚ±ÐÎ ÐÅÒÈÎÈÏËÔÈÍÞÏÝÎ oÄÑÒËÎÈÒÇÍÃÇÕËΓÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÌбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔËÓØÈÏÔÒÐÎÆÏÄÙÄÍȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà \ µ [ P [ P Ë [ VLQ W\ FRVWPWPπбÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃÏÈß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÎËÆßÔÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈfÄËÓÄÎÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ\ µ [ P[PÏÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔ Æ ÏÄÚÈÎ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÕà±ÒËÆÕàÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÕÏÈÐÑÒË[ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÄÃÏÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔqÐßÔÐÎÕÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÒÄÓÚËÒËÔÞ±ÍÄÓÓÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝ×ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÌ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ Ë ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝ× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ× ±ÒËÆÝ× ÔÐ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÓÇÈÍÄÔÞ ÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÝ× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌ UUWDPWPEÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ× ÏÄ ËÏÔÈÒÆÄÍÈ D E fÑÒÖÔÕÌÏÞÏ ÒÓÉÑÆÓÅËÑÇÅÐÌÉÏ ÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÅÅÕÇÈÎÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞÆÓñÕàÖÕϱØËàWWτ α P τ P β Wα D Wβ E ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÕà ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÈ>α β@ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÕà Ë ËÎÈàÛÕà ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÕà ÏÄ ËÏÔÈÒÆÄÍÈ α β lı ÆÓÈÇÄ ÇÆÄÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃà²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÞÏÌÈÓÍËÎÐÉÏÐÑÈÒÈÌÔË ÐÔ ÐÇÏÐÐ ± ÇÒÕÐÎÕ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÐÐ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ lÎÅÔÔ à²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÞØ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÍ Ö²ÅËÅÐÐÑÑ ÕÌÒÅ ËÅÈÅÉÕ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÖá ²ÓÌÇÖáÉÔÎÌÇàÕÑϲÎÅÔÔÉÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÒѲÓÅÍÐÉÍÏÉÓÉÑÈÐÑÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉU UWDPWPEÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÉÐÅÇÔÉÏÑÕÓÉ˲É>DE@°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ oÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÅIJÓÌÇÅÄÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ²ÓÌÇÑÍ ÆÉË ÑÔÑÆÞØ ÕÑÚɲ ÌÎÌ ²ÑÓÑÚÉ ÎÅȲÑÍ ²ÓÌÇÑÍÉÔÎÌÒÓÌÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÏÉÉÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÌU WDPWPEÇÞÒÑÎÐÄÉÕÔÄÖÔÎÑÇÌÉU′W DPWPEd ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ßÔÐÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÇÍà ձÄÊÄÏÏÝ× ÆÝÚÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌÇÕËбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔËбÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝËÊÄÇÄàÔÍÄDZÕà±ÒËÆÕàeÍÄDZËÈÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËñÒËÆÝÈÓÑÒÃÎÍÃÈÎÝÔı±Ä± ËÎÈàÔ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈd±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÐÇÏÐÐËÊÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆÏÄÔıÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÆÝÅÒÄÏÄÇÍËÏÄÇÕËpÓÔÄàÔÓÃÆÓËÍÈËÆÓÈÇÄÏÏÝÈÆÝÚÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËñÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆËË×ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄoÕÉÏÐÔÐÍÞ±ÐËÎÈÔÞÆÆËÇÕ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝ× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃ× ±ÒËÆÝ× Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ ÎÐÕÔ ÑÐÍÕÙÄÔÞÓà ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ Ôı ±Ä±ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈϕ′Wψ′Wχ′WÓÔÐÃÛËÈÑÐÇÊÏıÐÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÏÈ ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÐÆÐÒà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎË ÆÑÍÐÔÞ ÇÐ ±ÐÏØÐÆÑÒÐÎÈÉÕÔ±ÐÆËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃsÍÈÇÕÈÔÑÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÕÔÞÙÔÐÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏËȱÍÄÓÓÄÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏË̱ÒËÆÐÌ ÑÐÊÆÐÍÃÈÔ ÆÝÙËÓÍÃÔÞ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÑÒË ÅÐÍÈÈ ÒÄÊÏÐÐÅÒÄÊÏÝ× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃ× ±ÒËÆÐÌ oÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ 3[\G\ÇÈΓ ¶ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÄÃÆÝÚÈÇÕÄÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÌeбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔËÄ3µÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÃÏıÒËÆÐÌΓÖÕϱØËÃÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÙËÓÍËÔÞËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÃÐÅÄÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃ[G[∫ 3[\G\ ´∫ 3[ µ [ µ [eπ∫ 3[\G\ ´ ∫ 3VLQWFRVWVLQW GWedÑÈÒÆÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÎÐÉÈÔÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞÓÃÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍdÎÈÓÔÈ Ó ÔÈÎ Ñ Ò Ë Ç Ð ± Ä Ê Ä Ô È Í Þ Ó Ô Æ È ÔÈÐÒÈÎ ÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÅËÒÄÔÞ«×ÐÒÐÚËÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃ¬Ô ÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÈ ÆÑÍÐÔÞ ÇÐ ±ÐÏØÐÆ ÐÔÒÈÊ±Ä Ä ÑÒÐÆÈÇÈÏÏÝÈ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËÃбÄÉÕÔÓÃÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÎËËÇÍÃÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏÏÐÐÑÐÏÃÔËñÒËÆÐÌuqrbhogojg fбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÏÐÆÐÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌΓ ^[W\W]WD PW PE`ÈÈÇÍËÏÄÆÝÒÄEÉÄÈÔÓÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÐÌ ∫D[′ \′ ]′ GWÇÈÏÄÑËÓÄÏÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÆÐÐÅÛÈÐÆÐÒÃÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÌ ¬ÒÊÄÐÍÊÏÇËÏÝÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÝÑÐÌÕÓÐÙÏÐÅÍÂÆÌÊÎÌÒÊÄÝΰÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ gÔÎ̲ÓÌÇÅÄΓ ¶²ÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÅÄÕ ÉÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÌÏÅ Ç ÇÌÈÉ ÑÆÝÉÈÌÐÉÐÌÄ ²ÑÐÉÚÐÑÑ ÚÌÔÎÅ ÎÅȲÌØ ²ÓÌÇÞØΓΓΓNÅ×ÖвÙÌÄ)[\]ÒÑÒÓÉÊÐÉÏÖÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÉÐÅÐÅÕÑÚ²ÅزÓÌÇÑÍΓÕÑÒÑÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÉÐÌáÒÑÎÑÊÌÏN∫ )[\]G[ L ∑ ∫ )[\]G[eeLqÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÊÇÈÓÞ ÍÄDZÐÓÔÞ ±ÒËÆÝ× ÑÐÏËÎÄÈÔÓà ÆÐÅÐÅÛÈÏÏÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈÔ ÈÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃgÓÍË Γ µ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÄà ±ÒËÆÄÃ Ä [ [W \ \W] ]W D P W P E ¶ ÈÈ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ÔÐÔıÉÈÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞE∫ )[\]G[ ∫ )[W\W]W[′WGWDeÊÇÈÓÞÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÄÃ[′WÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÏÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄƱÐÏÈÙÏÐÎÙËÓÍÈÔÐÙȱÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÓÔÐÃÛËÌÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÑÐÏËÎÄÔÞÆÐÐÅÛÈÐÆÐÒÃÆÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ËÎÈàÔ ÎÈÓÔÐ Ë ÇÍà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÆËÇÄ d ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÑÒËÇÈÔÓà ËÎÈÔÞ ÇÈÍÐ Ó ÓÕÎÎÄÎËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÆËÇÄ Ë Ô È Ó ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎË ÆËÇÄ ÇÈ3 4 Ë 5 µ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÈ ÏÄÔÐÙ±Ä× ±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎ Ë ÇÍñÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZË×±ÒËÆÝ×ΓÔıÉÈÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ∫ 3G[4G\5G] ∫ 3FRVα4FRV β5FRVγGVeei Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë ÈgÓÍËΓµ±ÐÏÈÙÏÄÃÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZË× ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝ× ±ÒËÆÝ× ΓL L N ÔÐÑÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàNN∫ )GV L ∑ ∫ )GV ∫ )G[ L ∑ ∫ )G[ËÔ ÇeeLeeLi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È nÝ ÇÄÍË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÇÍà ±ÒËÆÝ× ÍÈÉÄÛË× Æ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ 5 bÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÐÏË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓÃ Ë ÇÍà ±ÒËÆÝ× ÍÈÉÄÛË×ÆÍàÅÐÎQÎÈÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ5QQ lÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ Æ QÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ ÐÅÍÄÇÄàÔÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎË ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÎË ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÏÝÎ ÆÝÚÈ Æ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÑÒËÙÈÎ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ Ë× ÔıÉÈ ÓÐÆÈÒÚÈÏÏÐÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝ ÑÒËÆÈÇÈÏÏÝÎ ÆÝÚÈ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÏÈ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÔÞÓà ÏË ÏÄ ÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐƱÄ× ÏË ÏÄ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ× ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË×ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÌuqrbhogojgfбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÇÄÏÏÝÈÆÏÄÓÔÐÃÛÈÎÑÕϱÔÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËñÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÑбÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËαÒËÆÝÎÏÈÊÄÆËÓÃÔÐÔÓÑÐÓÐÅÄÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃßÔË×±ÒËÆÝ×ÏÄÍÄDZËÈÇÕË ªÏÔÇÅÒÂͳÔÊÍÔÞÇÓÂcÐÍÈÈÐÅÛÈÈÑÐÏÃÔËȱÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÈÐÔÑÐÏÃÔËñÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÈÒÆÐÐÒÐ∼ÇÄÎÐÉÏÐÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÑÒÈÇÈÍÄËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎστÓÎÔ ÈÑÒËÏÃÔÞÊÄÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐqÒËßÔÐÎ ÏÈÔ ÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔË ÇÈÍÄÔÞ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËà Р±Ä±ÐÌÍËÅÐÍÄDZÐÓÔ˱ÒËÆÐÌÑбÐÔÐÒÐÌÆÈÇÈÔÓÃËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈtıÐÌÑÐÇ×ÐDZÑÐÏÃÔËà±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÑÒËÆÐÇËÔÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎÐÅÒÄÊÐαÐÅÐÅÛÈÏËàËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄrËÎÄÏıÐÔÐÒÐÈÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏsÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎ ÈÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ Ë ÐÑËÚÈÎ ±ÒÄԱРÈÐ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄpÔÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ sÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ ÏÄ×ÐÇËÔ ÓÆÐÈ ÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏËÈÏÈÔÐÍÞ±ÐÆÔÈÐÒË˱ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÏÐÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒËÆÔÈÐÒËËÆÈÒÐÃÔÏÐÓÔÈÌqÕÓÔÞ ÖÕϱØËË I[ Ë J[ ÊÄÇÄÏÝ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ τLL{ [ L } L τ ¶ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ßÔÐÐ ÐÔÒÈ汀 ξL∈>[L ´ [L@ ∆J[LJ[L´J[L´L LτËστ IJ στ IJξξ L τGHILτ ∑ IξL∆J[LL°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ vÖвÙÌÄ I ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÑÍ ÒÑ×ÖвÙÌÌJÐÅÑÕÓÉ˲É>DE@ÉÔÎÌÈÎÄÎáÆÑÍÒÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßLÐÑÔÕÌÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÍτQ { [ L( Q ) } LLτàÕÑÑÑÕÓÉ˲ÅÕŲÑÍÚÕÑÒÓÉÈÉÎ OLP _τQ_ ÌÈÎÄÎáÆÑÑÇÞÆÑÓÅÕÑÚɲ ξL( Q )∈>[ L( Qµ) [ L( Q )@Q→L L τ ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÌÒÓÌàÕÑÏÑÈÌÐÌÕÑÕÊÉÒÓÉÈÉÎQOLP σ τ IJQ→GHI EQ ∫ I[ GJ [DÕÑÕÒÓÉÈÉÎÐÅËÞÇÅáÕÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏsÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅ×ÖвÙÌÌIÒÑ×ÖвÙÌÌJÌÒÌÛÖÕEστ IJ∫ I[GJ [ τOLP→DdÓÍÕÙÄÈJ[[ËÏÔÈÒÄÍsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÎrËÎÄÏÄgÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃJ[ ¶ÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄÃÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÔÍàÅÐÌÖÕϱØËËÑÐÏÈÌÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàlıÐÅÝÙÏÐÎÐÉÏÐÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄÏÄ«ε¶δ¬ÃÊݱÈsÇÈÍÄÈÎßÔÐEyËÓÍÐ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÎÐÈ ∫ I[ GJ [ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏDsÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅÐÔÖÕϱØËËIÑÐÖÕϱØËËJÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÈÓÍËÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐε!ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈδ!ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÒÄÊÅËÈt j sÔËÍÔÞÈÓ¶ ¶ÏËÇÈÒÍÄÏÇÓ±ËÌÎÄÔÈÎÄÔ˱LLÏËÌτ { [ L } L τ ÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ÎÈͱÐÓÔË_τ_ δËÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱξL∈>[L´[L@L LτÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐEστIJξ ξ L ´ ∫ I[ GJ [ ετDjÏÔÈÒÄÍ sÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ ÐÅÍÄÇÄÈÔ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÎ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÓÔË ±Ä±ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÖÕϱØËÌ I Ôı Ë ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÖÕϱØËÌ J cÐÍÈÈÔÐÙÏÐÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÞ sÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅE∫ IL[GJ[Å λL∈5L QÕÑÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÌÐÕÉÓÅÎDEQsÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅ ∫ ∑ λLIL[GJ[ÌDELEQQ∫ L ∑λLIL[GJ[ L ∑λL ∫ IL[GJ[DDE´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÞ∫ I[ GJL[ÅλL∈5EDQL QÕÑÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÌÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ I[G ∑ λLJL[L DÒÓÌÚÉÏEEQQ∫ I[G ∑ λLJL[ ∑ λL ∫ I[GJL[LDLDÔË ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÇбÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÓÍÕÙÄà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄrËÎÄÏÄÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÑÒÈÇÈÍÞÏÐÐÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÄÆÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË×ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ×ÇÍÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎγÕÛÇÓÔÄÐÄÂÏÊÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂͳÔÊÍÔÞÇÓÂpÔÎÈÔËÎ ÇÆÄ ±ÍÄÓÓÄ ÖÕϱØËÌ ÑÐ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÎ Õ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄvÕϱØËÃÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓòÖÔÑÚÐÑÒÑÔÕÑÄÐÐÑÍÐÅÑÕÓÉ˲ÉÈÓÍË ÐÏÄ ËÎÈÈÔ ÏÄ ÏÈÎ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ÔÐÙȱ ÒÄÊÒÝÆÄ Ë ÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄ ÏÄ ±ÄÉÇÐÎ ËÊ ÑÒÐÎÈÉÕÔ±ÐÆ ÐÓÔÄàÛË×Óà ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÈÑÐÓÍÈÕÇÄÍÈÏËÃËÊÏÈÐÔÐÙȱÒÄÊÒÝÆÄÖÕϱØËË´ § ° ² § ® ¢ oÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÄ ÐÅÑÕÓÉ˲É>D E@×ÖвÙÌÄ IÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅ ÒÑ ²ÖÔÑÚÐÑÒÑÔÕÑÄÐÐÑÍ ÐÅ àÕÑÏ ÑÕÓÉË²É ×ÖвÙÌÌ J Ì ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ sÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅ ÓÅÇÉÐ ÔÖÏÏÉ ÒÓÑÌËÇÉÈÉÐÌÍÔ²ÅÚ²ÑÇFN×ÖвÙÌÌJÇÑÇÔÉØÉÉÕÑÚ²ÅØÓÅËÓÞÇÅDNDPDNPEN QÐÅËÐÅÚÉÐÌÉ×ÖвÙÌÌIÇàÕÌØÕÑÚ²ÅØEQ∫ I[GJ[ N∑ FNIDNDiÇÈÓÞÈÓÍËD DN EÔÐFN JDN´JDN´ÈÓÍËDN DÔÐFN JD´JDÄÈÓÍËDN EÔÐFN JE´JE´¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ ÓÏÄÙÄÍÄ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄÃÖÕϱØËÃJËÎÈÈÔÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÔÐÍÞ±ÐÐÇÏÕÔÐÙ±ÕÒÄÊÒÝÆÄLL[ FqÒË[ DÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτ { [ L } L τ ÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ËÔÐÙȱξL∈>[L´[L@L LτÑÒËL LτËÎÈÈÎ]J[L J[L´J[L´ ËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓËÍÕÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËIEστIJ OLP IξJ[´JD∫ I[GJ[ τOLP→τ →DIDJD´JDÔı±Ä±ÆÓËÍÕÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÓÔÆÄÖÕϱØËËJÏÄÑÐÍÕËÏÔÈÒÆÄÍÈDE@ËÎÈÈÎJD J[[∈DE@bÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÈÓÍË ÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÒÄÊÒÝÆÄ ÖÕϱØËËJÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±Ä[ EÔÐE∫ I[GJ[ IEJE´JE´DqÕÓÔÞÔÈÑÈÒÞÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄÒÄÊÒÝÆÄ[ FÖÕϱØËËJÍÈÉËÔÎÈÉÇÕÔÐÙ±ÄÎËDËEÔÈD F EgÓÍËτ { [ L } LL Lτ µÔıÐÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÐÔÒÈʱÄ>D E@ÙÔÐÔÐÙ±Ä[ FÆÏÈÐÏÈÆ×ÐÇËÔÔÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÌÏÐÎÈÒLÙÔÐ[L F [ L µÔÐÆÓËÍÕ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÐÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÓÔÆÄÖÕϱØËËJÇÍÃÆÓÈ×L≠LËÎÈÈÎ]J[L J[L´J[L´ ÄÑÒËL LÆÓËÍÕÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÑÐßÔÐÎÕJ [ L JF´J [ L JFµ]J [ L J [ L ´J [ L JF´JF´µgÓÍËξL∈>[L´[L@L LτÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈÓÕÎÎÝËÎÈàÔÆËÇLτστ ∑ IξL]JL Iξ L ]J [ L Iξ L JF´JF´LÐÓÔÄÍÞÏÝÈ ÈÈ ÓÍÄÄÈÎÝÈ ÑÒËL L Æ ÓËÍÕ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÐÅÒÄÛÄàÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊτÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÐÔÒÈʱÄ>D E@ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛÈÈÓà ËÊ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τ ÇÐÅÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ± ÏÈÎÕ ÔÐÙ±Ë [ F Ô È ττ` ^F`ÓÏÐÙÔÐ_τ_P_τ_qÕÓÔÞη∈>[L´F@η∈>F[L@Ëστ IηJF´JF´IηJF´JF µ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÄà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÄà ÓÕÎÎÄ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÄà ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËàτrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÈÛÈ ÙÄÓÔÏÝÌ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÓÕÎÎÝÕ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌη η FσηF IFJF´JF´IFJF´JFIFJF´JF´sÒÄÆÏËÎÓÕÎÎÝστστËστFdÓËÍÕÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËËIËÎÈÈÎOLP στ´στF OLP Iξ L ´IFJF´JF´ τ →τ →OLP στ´στ OLP >Iη´IFJF´JF´τ →τ → Iη´IFJF´JF´@ jÊÑÐÓÍÈÇÏË×ÇÆÕ×ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈÓÕÎÎÝστστËστFÑÒË_τ_→ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐËÎÈàÔÑÒÈÇÈÍÝËÍËÏÈÔÑÒËÙÈÎ ÈÓÍË ßÔË ÑÒÈÇÈÍÝ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÔÐ ÐÏË ÒÄÆÏÝ sÕÎÎÝστFµÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÝÈÆÈÍËÙËÏÝËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÙÈÆËÇÏÝÎÐÅÒÄEÊÐÎËÎÈàÔÑÒÈÇÈÍqÐßÔÐÎÕËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ I[GJ[ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËDE∫ I[GJ[ στF IFJF´JF´DgÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃJµ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄÔÐÐÏÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÕÎÎÐ̱ÕÓÐÙÏÐÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌËÎÈàÛË×ÔÐÍÞ±ÐÐÇÏÕÔÐÙ±ÕÒÄÊÒÝÆÄqÒËÎÈÏËƱ±ÄÉÇÐÌËÊÏË×ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕËÓÍÐÉËÆÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÝÑÐÍÕÙËÎÆÓËÍÕÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÖÐÒÎÕÍÕiÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈpÇÏËÎËÊÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÌÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÓÔÞ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÔÞ ÍàÅÕà ±ÐÏÈÙÏÕà ÓÕÎÎÕQ∑ XL±Ä±ËÏÔÈÒÄÍsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏбÕÓÐÙÏÐÑÐÓÔÐL ÃÏÏÄÃÖÕϱØËÃJ[ ÈÓÍË [ NL∑ XN ÈÓÍË N´ NN QËÎÈÈÔÑÒËXN ÔÐÙ±ÕÒÄÊÒÝÆÄDN N´N QÓÐÓ±ÄÙ±ÐÎFN XNqÐßÔÐÎÕÆ ÓËÍÕ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÑÒËI ËÎÈÈÎQQ∫ GJ [ L ∑XLtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÌ ÓÕÎÎÝ Æ×ÐÇËÔ Æ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄpÅÐÅÛÈÏËÈÎ ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËà ÐÅ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÑÐ rËÎÄÏÕÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈÖÕϱØËËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÍÈÇÕàÛÄÃÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ oÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÄÐÅÑÕÓÉ˲É×ÖвÙÌÄÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÒÑÏÑÐÑÕÑÐÐÑÍÐÅàÕÑÏÑÕÓÉ˲É×ÖвÙÌ̦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ ÖÕϱØËà I[ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÄÖÕϱØËÃJ[ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÄÏÄßÔÐÎÐÔÒÈʱÈfÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÔÞÓÍÕÙÄÌÔÐÍÞ±ÐÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄàÛË×ÖÕϱØËÌÔı±Ä±ÈÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃJ[ÕÅÝÆÄÈÔÔÐÖÕϱØËôJ[ÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄÈÔËEËÊÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ ∫ I[ G´J [ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐDÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄEEDD∫ I[ GJ [ ´ ∫ I[ G´J [tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ ÕÅÝÆÄàÛÈÌ ÖÕϱØËË ÓÆÐÇËÔÓà ± ÓÍÕÙÄàÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄàÛÈÌjÔı ÑÕÓÔÞ I ¶ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄà J ¶ ÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄàÛÄà ÖÕϱØËËEfбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ I[GJ[ ÑÒÐDÆÈÇÈÎÎÈÔÐÇÐÎÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÎÎÈÔÐÇÕÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÑÐrËÎÄÏÕÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈÖÕϱØËËLLqÕÓÔÞτ { [ } L τ ¶ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@∆J[L J[Lµµ J[L´OvÕϱØËÃIÅÕÇÕÙËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÑÒËÏËÎÄÈÔÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÄ×∆L >[L ´[L@ÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×ÏÄËÅÐÍÞÚËÈ Ë ÏÄËÎÈÏÞÚËÈ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËà pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ßÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐηLËζLPL PLQI[ IξL0L PD[I[ IηLL Lτ ]]LqÐÍÐÉËÎLLτLτVτ ∑ PL∆J[L6τ ∑ 0L∆J[LLLpÙÈÆËÇÏÐqбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐVτP6τOLP 6τ´Vτ τ →jÎÈÈÎLτ P 6τ´Vτ P ∑ >IηL´IξL@∆J[LPLτLLτP ∑ ωI∆L∆J[LPωI_τ_ ∑ J[L´J[L´@LLωI_τ_JE´JDqÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÖÕϱØËÃIÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÐÏÄÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÏÄÏÈÎÑÐßÔÐÎÕÈÈÎÐÇÕÍÞÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËωI_τ_ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓñÏÕÍàÑÒË_τ_{OLP ωI_τ_ τ →jÊÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈqбÄÉÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÙÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÝ×ÇÆÕ×ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌτËτÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐV τ P6 τ MM qÕÓÔÞÓÏÄÙÄÍÄÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈτ { [ M } M τ ÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ÆÑËÓÄÏÐÆÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈτ ] M >[ M µ [ M@∆J[ M J[ M´J[ M µ pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ ] M ÔÈ ÐÔÒÈÊ±Ë ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËà τ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÓÐLÇÈÒÉÄÔÓÃÆÐÔÒÈʱÈ∆LÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτL LτtÐÇÄ∆L `] M ∆JL ∑ ∆J[ M MLLLMLËÈÓÍËP M PLQI[ 0 M PD[I[ÔÐ]M]MPLPP M [ M0LO0 M [ MLqÐßÔÐÎÕLLτLτVτ ∑ PL ∆JL P ∑ PL∑ ∆J [ M PL LMLL τLτL P ∑ ∑ P M ∆J[ M ∑ P M∆J [ M VτLLL MLLbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÙÔÐ6τP6τqÐßÔÐÎÕ ÇÍà ÍàÅÝ× ÇÆÕ× ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌ τ Ë τ ÐÔÒÈ汀 >D E@ÆÊÃÆÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈτßÔÐÐÐÔÒÈʱÄÆÑËÓÄÏÏÐÈÆÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτËτÑÐÍÕÙËÎV τ P Vτ P 6τ P 6 τ qÐÍÐÉËÎ, VXSVτ, LQI6τττjÊÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ,P,qбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐÏÄÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈ, ,jÊÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃËÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐVτP,P,P6τÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐP,´,P6τ´VτpÔÓàÇÄÆÓËÍÕÓÔÒÈÎÍÈÏËÃÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆıÏÕÍàÑÒË_τ_{ÓÎËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐgÓÍË , , , ÔÐ ËÊ ËÎÈÈÎ Vτ P , P 6τ ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐP,´VτP6τ´VτP6τ´,P6τ´VτjÊßÔË×ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÓÏÐÆÄÆÓËÍÕÓÔÒÈÎÍÈÏËñÏÕÍàË×ÑÒÄÆÝ×ÙÄÓÔÈÌÑÒË_τ_{ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÑÒÈÇÈÍÝOLP Vτ OLP 6τ ,τ →τ →fÍÃÍàÅÐÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌÓÕÎÎÝsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄLτστ ∑ I ζL∆J[L[L´PζLP[LL LτLÆÓËÍÕÐÙÈÆËÇÏÝ×ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆIζL P IζL P IηLL LτËÎÈÈÎVτPστP6τpÔÓàÇÄËËÊÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÌÑÒÈÇÈÍ OLP στ ,Ô ÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕτ →ÈÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄÐÔÖÕϱØËËIÑÐÖÕϱØËËJu±ÄÉÈÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ ±ÐÇÄ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ sÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ ÑÒÈÆÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆËÏÔÈÒÄÍrËÎÄÏÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÅ×ÖвÙÌÄJÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÅÐÅÑÕÓÉ˲É>DE@ÕÑ×ÖвÙÌÄIÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÐÅàÕÑÏÑÕÓÉ˲ÉÒÑ×ÖвÙÌÌJÌEEDD∫ I[GJ[ ∫ I[J′[G[Ç ÎÉÇÑÍ ÚÅÔÕÌ ÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÅ ¶ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ sÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅ ÔÒÓÅÇÅ ¶ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎrÌÏÅÐÅÔÄ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÄ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÎÕ ÆÝÚÈ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÕ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÆÔÐÒÐÐ ÒÐÇÄ ÓÎ Ñ ÑÒËIW )UWJW ϕWoÄÎÑÐÏÄÇÐÅËÔÓÃÓÍÈÇÕàÛÄÃÍÈÎÎÄE § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÌÐÕÉÓÅÎsÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅ∫ I[GJ[ÌDI[ IDE´[J[ JDE´[DP[PEÕÑÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÌÐÕÉÓÅÎEEDD∫ I [GJ [ ´ ∫ I[GJ[tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÑÒËËÊÎÈÏÈÏËËÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@Ô ÈÑÒËÊÄÎÈÏÈÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌ[ÏÄWÑÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ[ DE´WËÏÔÈÒÄÍsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄÎÈÏÃÈÔÊÏıÔÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÔÐÐÙÔбÐÇÄÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÄà [ ËÊÎÈÏÃÈÔÓÃ Æ ÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÎ ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËË Ô È ÐÔ ÔÐÙ±Ë E ±ÔÐÙ±ÈDÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÃ∆J[LÖÕϱØËËJ[ÎÈÏÃàÔÊÏıtÐÙÏÈÈ∆J[L J[L´J[L´ ´J[L´´J[LqÐßÔÐÎÕËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÎÓÕÎÎÄÎστIJÅÕÇÕÔÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÐÆÄÔÞËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈ ÓÕÎÎÝ µστI J ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Ë Ë× ÑÒÈÇÈÍÝÅÕÇÕÔÐÔÍËÙÄÔÞÓÃÊÏıÐÎmÈÆÄà ÙÄÓÔÞ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÐÅÝÙÏÐ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÃD∫ I[GJ[qÒËÔıÐÌÊÄÑËÓËßÔÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÑÒËÏËÎÄÈÔÆËÇEDEED∫ I[ GJ[ ´ ∫ I[ GJ[L¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð gÓÍË τ { [ } L>DE@ξL∈>[L´[L@L LτLτ ¶ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÐÔÒÈʱÄ[ M DE´[LLM LτL Lτξ MDE´ ξ L LM LτL Lτ´ MÔÐτ { [ M } MLτ ¶ÔıÉÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@_τ_ _τ_ξ M∈>[ M µ [ M@M LτIξ M IDE´ξ M Iξ L LM LτM Lτ∆J[ M J[ M´J[ M µ JDE´[ M´JDE´[ M µ J[L´J[L ´∆J[LLM LτM LτqÐßÔÐÎÕMτστIJ ∑ Iξ M∆J[ M MLτ ´ ´ ∑ IξL´∆J[LLLN´LτpÔÓàÇÄ´ ∑ IξN∆J[N ´στIJL N´NEστIJ ∫ I [GJ [ τOLP →DE´ OLP στ IJ ´ ∫ I[GJ[τ →DEjÏÔÈÒÄÍsÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ∫ I[GJ[ÐÅÍÄÇÄÈÔËÒÃÇÐÎÇÒÕË×ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆDÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝ× ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ rËÎÄÏÄ oÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÎÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËÑÐÐÔÒÈʱÄÎËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃnÝÏÈÅÕÇÈÎÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÔÞÓà ÏË ÏÄ ÑÐÇÒÐÅÏÝ× ÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐƱÄ× ßÔË× ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÏËÏÄË×ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ×ÑÒÈÇÐÓÔÄÆÍÃÃßÔÐÑÒÐÇÈÍÝÆÄÔÞÙËÔÄÔÈÍàÑÐÎÈÒÈÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÑÐÔÒÈÅÏÐÓÔË °ÃÐÃÛÇÏÊÇÑÐÏáÔÊáÌÒÊÄÐÍÊÏÇËÏÐÅÐÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÂÄÔÐÒÐÅÐÒÐÆÂjÓÑÐÍÞÊÕà ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ sÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ ÇÄÇËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ÅÐÍÈÈÐÅÛÈÈ ÙÈÎ ÒÄÏÞÚÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄ ∫ 3G[4G\5G]ÑбÒËÆÐÌΓeqÕÓÔÞΓ ¶ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÊÄÇÄÏÏÄñÒËÆÄÃΓ ^UWDPP W P E` UW ϕW ψW χW Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÖÕϱØËË ϕψ χ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ Ë ÑÕÓÔÞ ÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ÔÐÙȱ ßÔÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ÖÕϱØËà ) Ô È ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ ÊÄÇÄÏÄÖÕϱØËÃ)UW )ϕWψWχW°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ lÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÏ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏ ÇÕÑÓÑÑ ÓÑÈÅ∫ )G[ ÑÕ ×ÖвÙÌÌ ) ÒÑ ²ÓÌÇÑÍ Γ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎesÕÌÎÕßÉÔÅE∫ )UWGϕWDgÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà ) ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄ ÏÄ ±ÒËÆÐÌΓ Ô È ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÖÕϱØËÃ)UWÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ıÒËÆÄÃΓÍÄDZÄÃËÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÖÕϱØËà [ ϕW ËÎÈÈÔ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÕàÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÕàϕ′WÔÐÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÑ ËÎÈÈÎEEDD∫ )UWGϕW∫ )UWϕ′WGW ∫ )G[eÇÈ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ Æ ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÓÔÐËÔ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÑ jÊÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÇÍÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÏÄÍÄDZÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÖÕϱØËÌÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃ˱ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÝlÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎÐÉÏÐÅÒÄÔÞËÑбÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÔ ÈÑбÒËÆÐÌ ÃÆÍÃàÛÈÌÓà ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÎ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÍÄDZË× ±ÒËÆÝ× qÒË ßÔÐÎ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÈÐ ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÔ ÒÄÆÈÏ ÓÕÎÎÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÑÐ ÍÄDZËÎ ÙÄÓÔÃαÒËÆÐÌ Ë ÔÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ ÐÏ Ë Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÒÄÆÈÏ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÈÎÕËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÓÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÆÑ sÕÛÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈ ÐÅÐÅÛÈÏËÈ ÑÐÏÃÔËà ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËËÇÐÓÔËÄÈÔÓÃÑÒÈÉÇÈÆÓÈÐÊÄÓÙÈÔÔÐÐÙÔÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÔÞ Ë ÇÍà «ÏÈÍÄDZË׬±ÒËÆÝ× Ô È Æ ÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ±ÐÇÄ ÏÈÍÞÊà ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÔÞ ÑÐÏÃÔËȱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝ×ÆȱÔÐÒÐƱÐÔÐÒÐÈÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÇÍÃÔÐÐÙÔÐÅÝÎÐÉÏÐÅÝÍÐÑÒËÎÈÏËÔÞÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈlÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÑÐÇÐÅÏбÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÎÕËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕÓÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÕÓÔÞW IXαPXPβ ¶ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÐÈÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ Ô È ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÈ ÓÔÒÐÐ ÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄàÛÈÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈL LÐÔÒÈ汀 >α β@ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊб>D E@ Ë ÑÕÓÔÞτ { X L } L τ ¶ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÐÔÒÈʱÄ>αβ@qÐÍÐÉËÎWL IXLL LτLLtÐÇÄτ { W L } L τÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÎÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ËÆÄÉÏÐÊÄÎÈÔËÔÞ ÙÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËËW IXÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>αβ@ËÊÓÔÒÈÎÍÈÏËñÏÕÍàÎÈͱÐÓÔËÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÓÔÒÈÎÍÈÏËȱÏÕÍàÎÈͱÐÓÔËτÔ ÈOLP _τ_ ηL IξLL LτgÓÍËξL∈>XL´XL@Ëτ →ÔÐÇÍÃÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌUWDPWPEËUIXαPXPβ,±ÒËÆÐÌΓÑÐÍÐÉËÆÓÎστ στ) U Iϕ Iστ στ) UϕËÎÈÈÎLτστ ∑ )UIξL>ϕIXL´ϕIXL´@LLτ ∑ )UηL>ϕWL´ϕWL´@ στ L∼qÐßÔÐÎÕ ËÊ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËà ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÑÒÈÇÈÍÄ OLP στ Ë ÆÝτ →ÑÐÍÏÈÏËà ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÄ OLP σ τ ËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐτ → OLP σ OLP σ ττ → ττ →sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ sÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ ßÔÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÓÐÅÐÌÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆβEαD∫ )UIXGϕIX ∫ )UWGϕWÙÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ∫ ) U IGϕ I ∫ )GϕeeÔÐ Ë ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔÞ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÔ ÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËñÒËÆÐÌgÓÍËÑÐÇÍÄDZÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÑÐÏËÎÄÔÞ±ÒËÆÕà±ÐÔÐÒÄÃËÎÈÈÔ ×ÐÔà ÅÝ ÐÇÏÐ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÆÑÍÐÔÞ ÇÐ ±ÐÏØÐÆ ÐÔÒÈ汀 ÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÐÏÐ ÊÄÇÄÏÐ Ë ÏÈËÎÈÈÔ ÐÓÐÅÝ× ÔÐÙȱ ÆÏÕÔÒË ßÔÐÐ ÐÔÒÈ汀 ÓÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃ Ë Æ Ñ ÔÐ ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ× ÏÄ ÔıÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃ Ë ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÔ ÈÇÄàÔÐÇÏÐËÔÐÉÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍııÐÈÅÝÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈßÔÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÏËÆÝÅÒÄÔÞdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÆÐÑÈÒÆÝ×ÇÍÃÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËñÒËÆÐÌÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÐ ÆÑÍÐÔÞ ÇÐ ±ÐÏØÐÆ ÐÔÒÈ汀 ÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÐÏÐÊÄÇÄÏÐ ßÔË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÎÕ ÆÝÚÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ ÆÐÆÔÐÒÝ× ÐÅÄ ßÔË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÏÈ ÊÄÆËÓÃÔ ÐÔ ÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄÏıÒËÆÐÌlÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÑÐÇÐÅÏÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕÎÈÏÃÈÔ ÊÏı ÑÒË ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËË ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÑÐ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓà ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÔÐ ÓÒÄÊÕ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊ Ôı±Ä±ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØË˱ÒËÆÐÌÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕÈÔÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ W D E ´ W D P W P E ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇ ÐÔ ÖÕϱØËÌ )UW ϕW ± ÖÕϱØËÃÎ )UD E ´ WϕDE´WDPWPEoıÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÑÈÒÈÏÐÓÃÔÓÃ Ë ÇÒÕËÈ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÔıËÈ ±Ä± ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÓÔÞÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔÞÑÐÇÕÄÎËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆËÔ ÑbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ ∫ )[ \ ]G[ ÐÅÐÅÛÄàÔÓÃ Ë ÑÐÏÃeÔËñÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÆËÇÄ∫ )[\]G\Ë ∫ )[\]G]eeEÐÏË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓà ±Ä± ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ sÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ ∫ )UWGψW ËDEÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ∫ )UWGψWDtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÎÐÉÏÐÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞÆßÔÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈËËÏEÔÈÒÄÍÆËÇÄ ∫ 3G[4G\5G] ÔÐÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍÆÓËÍÕÈÐÄÇDÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË ÑÐ ÇÕÄÎ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔ Ó ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÎ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÏÝÎ Æ Ñ ÏÈ ÔÐÍޱРÑÐ ÍÄDZËÎ ±ÒËÆÝÎ ±Ä± ßÔÐ ÅÝÍÐÇбÄÊÄÏÐ ÆÝÚÈ ÏÐ Ë ÏÐ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËÎ sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÐÓÔÄÈÔÓÃÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÌÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ∫ 3G[4G\5G] ∫ 3FRVα4FRVβ5FRVγGV eeÇÈ FRV α FRV β FRV γ ¶ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÌ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌ ÆȱÔÐÒ ±±ÒËÆÐÌÆÔÈ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×ƱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÕÏÈÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÄÃrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÇÆÄ ÑÒËÎÈÒÄ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËñ Ò Ê Î Ç Ò Ý qÕÓÔÞ ±ÒËÆÄÃ Γ ÔıÐÆÄ ÙÔÐ ÏÄ ÏÈÌ ÎÐÉÏÐÆÊÃÔÞÊÄÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÇÏÕËʱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÕ[Ô È±ÒËÆÄÃΓËÎÈÈÔÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ\ \[] ][DP[PEÄÖÕϱØËÃ)ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÏÄßÔÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌtÐÇÄ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ )G[ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈeÍÈÏËÃEÒÄÆÈÏ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ sÔËÍÔÞÈÓÄ ∫ )[ \[ ][G[D±ÐÔÐÒÝÌÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÎrËÎÄÏÄÐÔÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ ÖÕϱØËË )[ \[ ][ Ë ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔjÔı ÇÍà ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÑÒË ÓÇÈÍÄÏÏÝ× ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃ× ±Ä± Ë ÇÍà ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËñÐÇÄËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÆÈÇÈÔÓà ÑÐ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÓÔÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄE∫ )[\]G[ ∫ )[\[][G[DepÔÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÊÇÈÓÞ ßÔÄ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ Æ ÐÔÍËÙËÈ ÐÔ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÄ ÇÍà ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÆËÇÄ Ô È ßÔÄ ±ÒËÆÄà ÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞ Æ ÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÏÈÓÑÒÃÎÍÃÈÎÐÌÏÈËÎÈÔÞ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÏËÆÐÇÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈËÔ Ñ gÓÍË ±ÒËÆÄÃ Γ ÍÈÉËÔ Æ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÏÐÌÐÓË2[Ô ÈËÎÈÈÔÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÔÐ[ [\ \W] ]WDPWPE∫ )[\]G[ eÔÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍsÔËÍÔÞÈÓııßÔÐÅÝÍÐÐÔÎÈÙÈÏÐÆÝÚÈÐÔÍàÅÐÌÖÕϱØËËÑÐÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÐÌÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàlÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄÆÏÐÆÐÎÒÄÓÚËÒÈÏÏÐÎ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÆÓÔÒÈÔËÔÓà ÆÐÑÈÒÆÝ× ÔÐÇÄ ±ÐÇÄ ±ÒËÆÄà Γ$% ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÒÄÖ˱ÐÎ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÇÏÐÌËʱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÖÕϱØËËÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÖÕϱØËË\ I[DP[PEÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[\ÄÖÕϱØËÃ)[\ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÏÄßÔÐÎÒÄÖ˱ÈdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈE∫ )[\G[ ∫ )[I[G[D$%ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐE∫ )[\G[ ´ ∫ )[I[G[D%$ÆÐÆÔÐÒÝ×ÔÐÇıÐÇıÒËÆÄÃΓÍÈÉËÔÆÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[\ËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÔÒÈʱÐÎÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÎÐÇÏÐÌËʱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÐÓÈÌÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÐÓË2\[ [FP\PGdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ∫ )[\]G[e ¶ÐÒÎÕÍÂ¥ÒÊÏÂd ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÇÍà ÏÄÍÃÇÏÐÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÎ ÆÓÈÇÄ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÙÔÐÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËËÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÊÄÇÄÏÝÑÒÄÆÝÈÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÝÈ ÓËÓÔÈÎÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÈÓÍË ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÏÈ ÐÐÆÐÒÈÏÐ ÙÔÐÔÐÇÒÕÐÈ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß ÒÓÑÔÕÑÍ ËÅϲÐÖÕÞÍ ²ÑÐÕÖÓ Γ ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄ ÓÅÐÌÙÉÍ ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÑÍ ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕÌ ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ * gÔÎÌÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌIJÑÐÕÖÓÅÇÞÆÓÅÐÅÕŲÌÏÑÆÓÅËÑÏÚÕÑÒÓÌÈÇÌÊÉÐÌÌÒѲÑÐÕÖÓÖÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÉÐÐÑÇÞÆÓÅÐÐÑÍÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÌÑÆÎÅÔÕß*ÑÔÕÅÉÕÔÄÔÎÉÇÅÕŲÑÍÑÆØÑÈÑÆÞÚÐÑÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÑÆØÑÈÑÏ ²ÑÐÕÖÓÅ ÒÓÑÕÌÇ ÐÅÒÓÅÇÎÉÐÌÄ ÈÇÌÊÉÐÌÄ ÚÅÔÑÇÑÍÔÕÓÉβÌÕÑàÕÅÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÄÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑÍÇÒÓÑÕÌÇÐÑÏÊÉÔÎÖÚÅÉÕ É²ÑÈÅÑÆØÑȲÑÐÕÖÓÅÒÓÑÌËÇÑÈÌÕÔÄÒÑÐÅÒÓÅÇÎÉÐÌáÈÇÌÊÉÐÌÄÚÅÔÑÇÑÍÔÕÓÉÎ²Ì ¶ÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍÒËÓ cÕÇÈÎ ÐÆÐÒËÔÞ ÔıÉÈ ÙÔÐ ÐÅ×ÐÇ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÄ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÌ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔÆÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËËqÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÌ ±ÐÏÔÕÒ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞÙÈÒÈÊΓÄÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝ̵ÙÈÒÈÊΓ ´ ÔËÑÐÏÃÔËà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝ ÏÈ ÓÔÒÐÐ ÏÈ Æ ÔÐÙÏÝ× ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±Ë× ÔÈÒÎËÏÄ׫ÑÒÄÆÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ¬«ÓÍÈÆĬ«ÓÑÒÄÆĬËÔ Ñd ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÆÐ ÆÓñÐÎ ÐÔÇÈÍÞÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÄÃÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ÆÓÈÇÄ ÅÕÇÈÔ ±ÐϱÒÈÔÏÐ Õ±ÄÊÝÆÄÔÞÓà tÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎÏÄÚÈ «ÐÅÛÈȬ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ Ë ÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÑÒÐÓÔÐÐ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÐ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÄ ÑÐÓÍÕÉËÔ ÍËÚÞ ÇÍÃÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ÐÌÏÄÍÃÇÏÐÓÔËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ×ÏËÉÈÆÐÑÒÐÓÐÆlÐÏÈÙÏÐÑÐÏÃÔËÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØË˱ÐÏÔÕÒÄÎÐÉÏÐÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞ Ë Æ ÙÈÔ±ÐÌ ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±ÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÈ sÇÈÍÄÈÎ ßÔÐ ÇÍà ÓÍÕÙÄà ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÐ ÍÄDZÐÐ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÄ qÕÓÔÞ ÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÊÄÇÄÏÄÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÄà ÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÄ ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ Ó ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎË ÐÒÔÄÎË L M qÕÓÔÞ Γ ¶ ÍÄDZËÌ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÌ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏ*e*qÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÄÃÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃpÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÄÃÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃrËÓeÏÝÌ ±ÐÏÔÕÒ τ ¶ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ̱ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌ ÆȱÔÐÒ ÊÄÇÄàÛËÌGψ[ÈÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ÓÎ Ñ Ë'&Q ¶ÈÇËÏËÙÏÄÃÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÄÑÒÄÆα\*β\$%ÍÈÏÏÄÃ Æ ÓÔÐÒÐÏÕ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÌ ÐÅϕ[FÍÄÓÔË ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÎ Γ%$ßÔÄ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÏÐÒÎÄÍÞà lÐÏÔÕÒ Γ ÏÄ[DEÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑ ÑÓÌÉÐrËÓÕÌÓÑÇÅÐÐÞÏ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÈÓÍËÕÑÐÒÃÇÐÙÈÏÏÄÃÑÄÒÄÆȱÔÐÒÐÆWQËÎÈÈÔÔÕÉÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËàÙÔÐËÑÄÒıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÐÒÔÐÆLMÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÞÎÄÔÒËØÝÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÄÐÔÆȱÔÐÒÐÆWQ±ÅÄÊËÓÕLMÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÈÏd ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÑÍÐÓ±Õà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ * µ 5[\ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏÐ ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐ Æ ÆËÇÈ ËÔ ÈÐÅÍÄÓÔÞÒÄÏËØıÐÔÐÒÐÌÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏııÆÆËÇÈÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÃÒÄÖ˱ÐÆÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌÐÔÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌ [ Ôı Ë Æ ÆËÇÈ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËà ÒÄÖ˱ÐÆ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÌ ÐÔ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌ \ Ë ÅÝÔÞ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÈÛÈ ÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝ× ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÎ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎ ÐÓÃÎ ÅÕÇÈÎÇÍñÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔËÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞàÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕßáÒËÓ ÓÏÐÙÔÐßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝÈÐÅÍÄÓÔËËÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËñÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌÃÆÍÃàÔÓñÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÝÎËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËÔı±Ä±Ë×ÒÄÏËØÝËÎÈàÔÎÈÒÕÏÕÍÞcÕÇÈÎÐÆÐÒËÔÞÙÔбÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÄÃÑÍÐÓ±ÄÃÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ*ÒÄÊÅËÔÄÏıÐÏÈÙÏÐÈÙËÓÍбÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÝ×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ*LL N\'&ÈÓÍË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ Ë× ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÌ { * L } LLNÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÎÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË * ÓÎÑ ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕßÒÎÑÔ²ÅÄÑÆÎÅÔÕß*ÏÑÊÉÕÆÞÕßÓÅËÆÌÕÅÐŲÑÐÉÚÐÑÉÚÌÔÎÑàÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÞØÑÆÎÅÔÕÉÍÌÉÉÓÅÐÌÙÅΓÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÒÓÑÔÕÞÏËÅϲÐÖÕÞϲÑÐÕÖÓÑÏgÔÎÌÐÅËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÌ * ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ * ËÅÈÅÐÞ ×ÖвÙÌÌ 3[ \ Ì 4[ \ ÐÉÒÓÉ3ÓÞÇÐÞÉÐÅ * ÇÏÉÔÕÉÔÑÔÇÑÌÏÌÚÅÔÕÐÞÏÌÒÓÑÌËÇÑÈÐÞÏÌ ∂∂\4 ÕÑÌÏÉÉÕÏÉÔÕÑ×ÑÓÏÖÎÅÌ ∂∂[ oÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔÞÙÄÓÔÏÝ×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÏÄ * ÑÐÏËÎÄÈÔÓñıË×ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÄ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ * Ë Ë× ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄà ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÐÓÔÞÏÄÒÄÏËØÕ*ÓÎÑ ∂4 ∂3 ´ G[G\ ∫ 3G[4G\∫ ∫ ∂[ ∂\ e*ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÏÅÄ×ÑÓÏÖÎÑÍeÓÌÐų § ¦ ³ ´ ¤ ª § gÔÎÌ Ç ÖÔÎÑÇÌÄØ ÕÉÑÓÉÏÞ ²ÑÐÕÖÓ Γ ÄÇÎÄáÜÌÍÔÄÓÅÐÌÙÉÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*²ÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÌÍÌFRV αVLQ α¶ÉÈÌÐÌÚÐÞͲÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÞͲÐÉÏÖÇɲÕÑÓÇÕÉØÕÑÚ²ÅØÈÉÑÐÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕÑ∂4 ∂3 ´ G[G\ ∫ 3FRVα4 VLQαGV∫ ∫ ∂[ ∂\ e*ÈÉV ¶ÒÉÓÉÏÉÐÐÅÄÈÎÌÐÅÈÖÌÐŲÑÐÕÖÓÉΓ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ ÓÏÄÙÄÍÄ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ * ÓÄÎÄ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÈÈ ÒÄÏËØÕ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆËÔÞ ±Ä±ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ÒÄÖ˱ÐÆ ÇÆÕ× ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÌ ϕ[ ËψØϕ[PψØDP[PEËÅÝÔÞÎÐÉÈÔÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÑÒÃÎÝ×[ DË[ EÄÔıÉȱıÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈÇÆÕ×ÒÄÖ˱ÐÆÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌα\Ëβ\α\Pβ\FP\PGËÅÝÔÞÎÐÉÈÔÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÑÒÃÎÝ×\ FË\ Gd ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÑÒËÎÈÏÃà ÑÒÄÆËÍÐ ÓÆÈÇÈÏËà ÇÆÐÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ± ÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÎÕ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ oÞàÔÐÏĶmÈÌÅÏËØÄ Ñ ËÖÐÒÎÕÍÕËÎÈÈÎEψ[E∂3G[G\ ∫ ∫∫ ∫ ∂\D*∂3 G\ G[ ∫ 3 [ψ[ ´3 [ϕ[ G[ ∂\Dϕ[EEDD ∫ 3 [ψ[ G[´ ∫ 3>[ϕ[@G[ ∫ 3[\G[´ ∫ 3[\G[ '&´ ∫ 3[\G[´ ∫ 3[\G[$%&'$%fÍà ±ÒËÆÝ× $% Ë &' ÏËÙÈÐ ±ÒÐÎÈ Ë× ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÏÈÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÍÐÓÞÑÐßÔÐÎÕÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÙÔÐÊÇÈÓÞÆÓȱÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ÆÔÐÒÐÐ ÒÐÇÄ ÑÐÏËÎÄàÔÓÃ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÓÎÑ iÄÎÈÙÄÃÙÔÐÇÍÃÐÔÒÈʱÐÆ%&Ë'$ÓÎ∫ 3[\G[ ∫ 3[\G[ %&'$fÉ eÒË϶ ¶ÄÏÍËÌÓ±ËÌÎÄÔÈÎÄÔ˱ËÓÍÐÉËÆÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËËÎÈÈÎ∂3G[G\ ´ ∫ 3G[´ ∫ 3G[´ ∫ 3G[´ ∫ 3G[ ´ ∫ 3G[ ∫ ∫ ∂\*$%%&&''$eqÒËßÔÐÎÑÐÍÕÙËÍÄÓÞÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃÒÄÏËÙÏÐбÐÏÔÕÒÄΓÑÒ˱ÐÔÐÒÐÌÓÍÈÇÕàÔÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÇÏÄÊÄÇÒÕÐÌÔÐÙ±Ë$%&'ÔÄÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÓÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈËÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÃÙÈÒÈÊΓsÐÆÈÒÚÈÏÏÐ ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ËÓ×ÐÇà ËÊ ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ *ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄÆÝÆÐÇËÔÓÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ∂4G[G\ ∫ 4G\∫ ∫ ∂[e*dÝÙËÔÄà ËÊ ÍÈÆÐÌ Ë ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔÈÌ ßÔÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÍÈÆÕà Ë ÑÒÄÆÕà ÙÄÓÔË ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕeÒËÏÄrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÐÅÛËÌ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ qÕÓÔÞ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ * ÒÄÊÅËÔÄ ÏÄßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝÈÐÅÍÄÓÔË*LL NËΓL ¶ÐÒÄÏËÙËÆÄàÛËÈË×±ÐÏÔÕÒÝdÓËÍÕÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÇÍñÄÉÇÐÐL N∂4 ∂3 ´ G[ G\ ∫ 3G[4G\∫ ∫ ∂\ ∂[eL*LsÍÐÉËÆßÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÑÐÍÕÙËÎNN∂4 ∂3 ´ G[G\ ∑ ∫ 3G[4G\∑ ∫ ∫ ∂[ ∂\ L L eL*LdÓËÍÕÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËÇÆÐÌÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÑÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎÓÎÑ ËÎÈÈÎN4 ∂3 ∂4 ∂3 ∂´ G[G\ ∫ ∫ ´ G[G\∑∫∫∂\∂[∂[ ∂\ L *L*dÓÕÎÎÈÓÔÐÃÛÈÌÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆıÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝÅÈÒÕÔÓÃÇÆÄÉÇÝÑÐÆÓÈÎÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÎÙÄÓÔÃÎ ÒÄÏËØ ΓL ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ *L Ô È ÔıËÎ ÇÕÄÎ ±ÒËÆÝ× ΓL ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÙÄÓÔÞàÒÄÏËØÇÆÕ×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ*LL NË ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÏÈ Æ×ÐÇÃÔ Æ ÒÄÏËØÕ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË * ÑÒË ßÔÐÎÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ßÔË× ÇÕ ±ÒËÆÝ× ΓL ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÝ ÒËÓ d ÓËÍÕ ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËà ÊÏÄ±Ä ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÆÔÐÒÐÐÒÐÇÄ ÑÒË ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËË ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÓÕÎÎÄ ÇÆÕ× ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÑÐ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÎ ÙÄÓÔÃÎ ±ÒËÆÝ× ΓL ÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍà qÐßÔÐÎÕ Æ ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÓÕÎÎÈ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÐÓÔÄÏÕÔÓÃ***ΓHΓLΓL*rËÓrËÓÔÐÍÞ±ÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝÑÐÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎÙÄÓÔÃÎÒÄÏËØÝ Γ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË * ÇÄàÛËÈ Æ ÓÕÎÎÈ ∫ 3G[ 4G\ tıËÎeÐÅÒÄÊÐÎN∑ ∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ 3G[4G\L eLejÊËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÆÐÅÛÈÎÓÍÕÙÄÈqÕÓÔÞ* ¶ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÄÃÐÅÍÄÓÔÞÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË5ËÑÕÓÔÞÈÈ ÒÄÏËØÄ ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ÑÒÐÓÔÝ× ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐƱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ ÓÅÐÌÚÐÞÏÌ ²ÑÐÕÖÓÅÏÌ gÓÍË ÒÄÏËÙÏÝ̱ÐÏÔÕÒÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐËÒÄÏËØÈÌÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÍÈÉÄÛÈÌ Æ 5?* ÔÐ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ ÈÐÇÐÉÛÐÌÏÄÈÓÍËÐÏÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐËÒÄÏËØÈÌÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËÍÈÉÄÛÈÌÆ5?* ÔÐÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÌÏtıÏÄÒËÓ ±ÐÏÔÕÒΓH ÆÏÈÚÏËÌıÐÏÔÕÒÝΓLËΓLÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈgÓÍËÒÄÏËØÄÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ÓÐÓÔÐËÔËÊÆÏÈÚÏÈбÐÏÔÕÒÄΓHËÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË×±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆΓLΓLΓLPËÈÓÍËÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ*ÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞ ÒÄÊÅËÔÄ ÏÄ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ× ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ ÔÐÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄP∂4 ∂3 ´ G[G\ ∫ 3G[4G\ ∑ ∫ 3G[4G\∫ ∫ ∂\ ∂[M *Γ LMeHƱÐÔÐÒÐ̱ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝÅÈÒÕÔÓÃÑÐÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÎ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÄÎ Ë ÑÐ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÎÕÆÏÈÚÏÈÎÕ±ÐÏÔÕÒÕvÕϱØËË3Ë4±Ä±ËÆÝÚÈÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄàÔÓÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ3∂'Ë ÆÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÎËÆÎÈÓÔÈÓÐÓÆÐËÎËÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÎË ∂∂\∂[ÔË * fбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ßÔÄ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ Ôı ÉÈ ±Ä± Ë ÈÓÍËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÊÄÎÈÔËÔÞÙÔÐÆÓÕÎÎÈÓÔÐÃÛÈÌÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÐÓÔÄÏÕÔÓà ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ÑÐ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎ ÙÄÓÔÃÎ ÆÏÈÚÏÈÐ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÄ Ë ÑÐÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎÙÄÓÔÃÎÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË×±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆÒËÓ pÔÎÈÔËÎ ÈÛÈ ÙÔÐ Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ ÆÓÈ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÝ ±Ä±ÆÏÈÚÏËÈ Ôı Ë ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÝ ÔıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÙÔÐÑÒËË×ÐÅ×ÐÇÈÐÅÍÄÓÔÞËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÐÓÔÄÈÔÓÃÓÍÈÆÄ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß ÓÅÐÌÙÅ ∂* ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÑÍ ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÍ ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*ÔÑÔÕÑÌÕÌ˲ÑÐÉÚÐÑÑÚÌÔÎÅÒÓÑÔÕÞزÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÌØ ²ÑÐÕÖÓÑÇ sÑÇѲÖÒÐÑÔÕß àÕÌØ ²ÑÐÕÖÓÑÇ ÑÓÌÉÐÕÌÓÑÇÅÐÐÞØÕŲÚÕÑÒÓÌÑÆØÑÈÉÒѲÅÊÈÑÏÖÌËÐÌØÑÆÎÅÔÕß*ÑÔÕÅÉÕÔÄ ÔÎÉÇÅ ÔÒÓÅÇÅ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑÍ ÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍ ÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÉÍ ÓÅÐÌÙÞ * Ì ÑÆÑËÐÅÚÅÉÕÔÄ ∂*ÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÉÐÐÑ ¶∂*´vÐÒÎÕÍÕ eÒËÏÄ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÒÄÓÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏËÔÞ Ë ÏÄ ÇÒÕÐÌ ÙÈÎÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÌ Æ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ±ÍÄÓÓ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ fÍà ßÔÐÐ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ßÔÐÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ eÒËÏÄ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄ ÇÍÃÔÒÈÕÐÍÞÏË±Ä Ä ÊÏÄÙËÔ Ë ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ÎÏÐÐÕÐÍÞÏ豀 qÐßÔÐÎÕÑÒÈÇÈÍÞÏÝÎÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÐÎÄÑÑÒбÓËÎËÒÕÃÒÄÏËØÕÐÅÍÄÓÔË ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÊÆÈÏÏÝÎË ÍÐÎÄÏÝÎË ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕeÒËÏÄÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËËÇÄÉÈÑÒÐÓÔÐÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÒÄÏËØÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZË× ±ÒËÆÝ× nÝ ÏÈ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÔÞÓà ÏÄ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈ ßÔÐÐ ÖıÔÄ Ä ÐÒÄÏËÙËÎÓà ÍËÚÞ ÈÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐƱÐÌ qÒË ßÔÐÎ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÊÄÑËÚÈÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÆÅÐÍÈȱÐÎÑıÔÏÐÎÆËÇÈ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕßÓÅÐÌÙÅÒÎÑÔ²ÑÍÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*ÔÑÔÕÑÌÕÌ˲ÑÐÉÚÐÑÑÚÌÔÎŲÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÌزÓÌÇÞØtÑÈÅ∂3∂' Ì ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÞ ÐÅ ËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÌ *ÉÔÎÌ ×ÖвÙÌÌ 3 4 ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*ÕÑ∂\∂[∂4 ∂3 ´ G[G\ ∫ 3G[4G\∫ ∂[ ∂\ *∂*ÈÉ∂* ¶ÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑÑÓÌÉÐÕÌÓÑÇÅÐÐÅÄÓÅÐÌÙÅÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*vÐÒÎÕÍÄ eÒËÏÄ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÇÍà ±ÒÄÔÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÄÏÄÍÐÐÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÝoÞàÔÐÏĶmÈÌÅÏËØÄÇÍÃÐÇÏбÒÄÔÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ Ë Æ ÔÐÌ Ë Æ ÇÒÕÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ÐÔ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÑÐ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËà ÆÝÒÄÉÄàÔÓà ÙÈÒÈÊ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÖÕϱØËË ÏÄ ÒÄÏËØÈ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝeÒËÏÄßÔËÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÈÛÈËÏÔÈÒËÒÕàÔÓà ¤ÝÙÊÓÍÇÏÊÇÑÍÐÛÂÆÇËÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÌÒÊÄÐÍÊÏÇËÏÝ×ÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÐÄqÐÍÐÉËÆ Æ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ eÒËÏÄ 4 [ 3 ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ∫ ∫ G[ G\* ∫ [G\ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐeµ* ∫ [G\ebÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÑÐÍÐÉËÆ3 ´\4 ÑÐÍÕÙËε* ´ ∫ \G[es±ÍÄÇÝÆÄÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÝËËÎÈÈε* ∫ [G\´\G[e± Ò Ê Î Ç Ò Ý oÄÌÇÈÎ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÑÍÐ\ jÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÈÎ ÈÐÛÄÇÞ 6 ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÕà ßÍÍËÑÓÐÎ [DEÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ[ D FRVW\ E VLQWqÒËÎÈÏËÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÑÐÍÕÙËÎËÓ±ÐÎÕàÑÍÐÛÄÇÞπ6 ∫ [G\´\G[ DE ∫ FRVWVLQWGW πDE esÒÄÆÏËÆÄà ßÔÐÔ ÎÈÔÐÇ ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËà ÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ ßÍÍËÑÓÐÎ Ó ÑÒËÆÈÇÈÏÏÝÎ ÒÄÏÞÚÈ ÓÎ ÑÒËÎÈÒ ÆÑ ÍȱРÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓà ÏÄÓ±ÐÍޱРÊÇÈÓÞ ÎÈÏÞÚÈ ÐÅÜÈÎ ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÌ oÄÌÇÈÎ ÑÍÐÛÄÇÞ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÕà ÄÓÔÒÐËÇÐÌ ÓÎ Æ Ô ÒËÓ [ D FRVW\ E VLQWPWPπiÄÎÈÙÄÃÙÔÐÊÇÈÓÞÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄÏËÈÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄWÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕÈÔÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÐÒËÈÏÔÄØË˱ÐÏÔÕÒÄËÎÈÈÎ π ∫ FRVWVLQWVLQWFRVWGW6 ∫ [G\´\G[ DeππD πD ∫ VLQWGW ∫ ´FRVWGW D ¥ÇÐÎÇÔÒÊÙÇÓÌÊËÓÎÝÓÍÉÏÂÌÂáÌÐÃÊÂÏÂÐÔÐÃÒÂÈÇÏÊáÑÍÐÓÌÐËÐÃÍÂÓÔÊqÕÓÔÞ)¶ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÆÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ 5 ÓñÐÅËÄÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË*µ 5 XY[\ÏÐÎÆÓàÇÕÆ*ÏÈÒÄÆÏÝÎÏÕÍàtÐÇÄÆÓËÍÕÑÒËÏØËÑÄÓÐ×ÒÄÏÈÏËÃÐÅÍÄÓÔËÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ* )*ÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÅÍÄÓÔÞàÓÎÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÆÑ ÄñÐÅËÄÏÆÓËÍÕÈÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÓÐ×ÒÄÏÃÈÔÊÏıÏÄ*ÓÎÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÆÑ Ô ÈÍËÅÐÆÓàÇÕÏÄ*ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÈÏÍËÅÐÆÓàÇÕÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÈÏqÕÓÔÞ Æ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌ ÊÄÑËÓË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ) ÊÄÇÄÈÔÓÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎË[ [XY\ \XY § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌΓ ¶²ÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÅÄ ²ÓÌÇÅÄ ÎÉÊÅÜÅÄ Ç *ÕÑ ÉÉ ÑÆÓÅË Γ )Γ ÒÓÌ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÌ ) ÕŲÊÉ ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔIJÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÑͲÓÌÇÑͦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ ÓÏÄÙÄÍÄ Γ ¶ ÍÄDZÄà ±ÒËÆÄÃÔ ÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄñÒËÆÄÃÅÈÊÐÓÐÅÝ×ÔÐÙȱÓÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃËÆÑ ËÑÕÓÔÞX XWY YWDPWPE¶ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈtÐÇÄÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>DE@ÖÕϱØËËXWËYWÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝËGY GX ! GW GW qÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈαÒËÆÐÌ Γ )ΓÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÄÒÄ ÖÕϱØËÌ[ [XW YW \ \XW YW D P W P E ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ Æ ÓËÍÕÓÆÐÌÓÔÆ ±ÐÎÑÐÊËØËË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ× ÖÕϱØËÌ ÓÎ Ñ Ë ÔıÉÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ qбÄÉÈÎ ÙÔÐ ±ÒËÆÄÃ Γ ÔıÉÈ ÏÈ ËÎÈÈÔ ÐÓÐÅÝ× ÔÐÙȱdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÔı±Ä±∂\ GX ∂\ GYG[ ∂[ GX ∂[ GY G\ ∂X GWGW∂Y GW∂X GW∂Y GWGWÔÐÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÃßÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆııÓËÓÔÈÎÕÍËÏÈÌÏÝ×ÕÒÄÆÏÈGY Ë ÆËÇËÎÙÔÐÈÓÍËÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÏËÌÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ GXGWGWG\ ÔÐÆÓËÍÕÏÈÐÅW∈>DE@ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÍËÓÞÅÝÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄG[GWGWÒÄÛÈÏËÃÆÏÕÍÞñÐÅËÄÏÄ∂[ ∂[ ∂( [\ ) ∂X ∂Y ∂( XY )∂\ ∂\ ∂X ∂YÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎÄËÎÈÍÄÅÝÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈÒÈÚÈÏËȱÐÔÐÒÝÎÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÕÍÈÆÐÈÒÈÚÈÏËÈÔ ÈÆÔÐÌÉÈÔÐÙ±ÈWÅÝÍËÅÝÓÑÒÄGY ËÔÈÎÓÄÎÝÎÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÆÈÇÍËÆÝÎËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ GXGWGWÛÄÃÔÐٱıÒËÆÐÌΓÅÝÍÄÅÝÐÓÐÅÐÌÙÔÐÑÐÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËàÏÈËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÄjÔı ÈÓÍË ±ÒËÆÄÃ Γ ¶ ÍÄDZÄà ÔÐ ±ÒËÆÄÃ Γ )Γ ÔıÉÈÍÄDZÄÃpÔÓàÇÄÓÒÄÊÕÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÐÅÒÄʱÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌ ÑÒË ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÎ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË ÔıÉÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ËÅÐ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÄà ±ÒËÆÄà ÓÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÆÑ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÓÐÅÐÌÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËȱÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÙËÓÍÄÍÄDZË×±ÒËÆÝ×qÕÓÔÞ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ' µ * ' ¶ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÄà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ Ë ÈÈ ÒÄÏËØÄ ∂' ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÒÐÓÔÝÎ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËÎ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÎ Γ ÔıËÈÒÄÏËØÝÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓòÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÌÏÌqÕÓÔÞÇÄÍÈÈ' )' tÐÇÄ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÑÒËÏØËÑÄ ÓÐ×ÒÄÏÈÏËà ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ' ÔıÉÈ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ Ë ±ÒÐÎÈ ÔÐÐ ÈÈ ÒÄÏËØÄ ∂' ÈÓÔÞ ÐÅÒÄÊ ÒÄÏËØÝ ∂' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÓÎ Æ Ñ Ô È ∂')∂'qÐßÔÐÎÕÒÄÏËØÄ∂'ÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÐÓÔÝÎÆÓËÍÕÆÊÄËÎÏÐÌÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÓÔËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ)±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËÎÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÍÈÎÎÈ ßÔÐÐ ÑÕϱÔÄ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÎ Γ sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑбÐÏÔÕÒÄÎΓ ∂'ËΓ ∂'ÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÙËÓÍÃÔÞ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝqÕÓÔÞÐÅÍÄÓÔË'Ë'ÔıÐÆÝÙÔбÏËÎÑÒËÎÈÏËÎÄ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ eÒËÏÄ ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÐÏË ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔ ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎÏÄÍÄÄÈÎÝÎ ÏÄ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ Æ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ Ñ oÄ ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍȱıÕÉÈÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞÑÒËÓÇÈÍÄÏÏÝ×ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃ×ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄeÒËÏÄÆÓÈÇÄÑÒËÎÈÏËÎÄÐÇÏıÐßÔÐÏÈÅÝÍÐÇбÄÊÄÏÐpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ Γ ±Ä± ÐÅÝÙÏÐ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÌ ±ÐÏÔÕÒ Γ ÓÎ Ñ qÕÓÔÞ X XW Y YWDPWPEµÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËȱÐÏÔÕÒÄΓËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ[ [>XWYW@\ \XWYWDPWPEÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËȱÐÏÔÕÒÄΓcÕÇÈÎÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÈÛÈÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÓÎÈÚÄÏÏÝÈÑÒÐ∂ \∂ \ËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈ Ë ËÙÔÐÐÏËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐË∂Y ∂X∂X ∂YÒÄÆÏÝÇÒÕÇÒÕÕÆÐÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×ÐÅÍÄÓÔË*sÐÍÄÓÏÐÖÐÒÎÕÍȵ' ε ∫ [G\eÇÈε ÈÓÍËÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËñÐÏÔÕÒÄΓÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÄËε ´Æ ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ jÏÄÙÈ ÐÆÐÒà ε ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐε ´ÈÓÍËÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÕÐÅ×ÐÇÕÇÄÏÏÐбÐÏÔÕÒÄΓÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÑÒË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÝÌ ÉÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌÐÅ×ÐDZÐÏÔÕÒÄΓ )ΓqÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÆ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÑÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ Ë ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËȱÐÏÔÕÒÄΓËÎÈÈÎEEDD∂\ GX ∂\ GY GW µ' ε ∫ [ \ W′GW ε ∫ [ ∂X GW∂Y GW∂\∂\ GX[ GYε ∫ [ e∂Y∂Xl ÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚÈÎÕÓà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ ÑÒËÎÈÏËÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ eÒËÏÄ ÓÎ∂\∂\4 [ ËÊÄÎÈÔËÆÙÔÐÆÔÈÐÒÈÎÕÆÑ qÐÍÐÉËÆ3 [ ∂X∂YßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ∂\∂\∂4 ∂[ ∂\∂3 ∂[ ∂\ [ [∂X ∂Y ∂Y∂X∂X ∂Y∂Y GX∂Y ∂X ÊÇÈÓÞ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÈÔÓà ÑÐÔÒÈÅÐÆÄÏÏÐÈ ÆÝÚÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈ ÆÔÐ∂\∂\ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎÒÝ×ÙÄÓÔÏÝ×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×Ë ∂Y ∂X ∂X GY ∂4 ∂3 ∂[ ∂\ ∂[ ∂\∂( [\ )´ ´ ∂X∂Y∂X ∂Y ∂Y GX ∂( XY )ÐÔ±ÕÇÄ4 ∂3 ∂( [\ )´ GXGY ε ∫ ∫ GXGYµ' ε ∫ 3GX4GY ε ∫ ∫ ∂∂Y∂X∂( XY )e''mÈÆÄà ÙÄÓÔÞ ßÔÐÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÅÐÍÞÚÈ ÏÕÍà ÊÏÄÙËÔ ÑÒÄÆÄÃÙÄÓÔÞ ÔıÉÈ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÄ Ë Ôı ±Ä± ñÐÅËÄÏ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÏÈÎÈÏÃÈÔÊÏıÄÔÐßÔÐÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÍËÚÞÆÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ( [\ )!Ô È±ÐÇÄÙËÓÍÐεËÎÈÈÔÔÐÔÉÈÊÏıÙÔÐ˱ÐÇÄε ∂∂( XY )( [\ )∂( [\ )( [\ ) tÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ Ä Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ε ∂ñÐÅËÄÏ ∂∂( XY )∂( XY )∂( XY )ÊÏıεÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒıÐÏÔÕÒÄΓÄÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÊÏıÐÎñÐÅËÄÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÌ ÐÇËÏ Ë ÔÐÔ ÉÈ ÆÐ ÆÓÈ× ÔÐÙ±Ä× ÐÅÍÄÓÔË *tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÇбÄÊÄÏÄÓÍÈÇÕàÛÄÃÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ÇÞÒÑÎÐÉÐÞ ÔÈÉÎÅÐÐÞÉ ÇÞÛÉ ÒÓÉÈÒÑÎÑÊÉÐÌÄÕÑÔÒÓÅÇÉÈÎÌÇÅ×ÑÓÏÖÎÅ( [\ ) GXGYµ' ε ∫ ∫ ∂'∂( XY )( [\ ) ! ÐÅ 'ÕÑ ε ÌÐÅÚÉ ÑÇÑsÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑ ÉÔÎÌ ∂∂( XY )ÓÄÉÔÎÌIJÑÆÌÅÐÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÄ)ÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎÉÐÕÑÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑÏÖ ÑÆØÑÈÖ ÇÔIJÑÑ ²ÑÐÕÖÓÅ Γ µ * ÄÇÎÄáÜÉÑÔÄ ÓÅÐÌÙÉÍ ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÑÍ ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ ' µ * ÒÓÌ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÌ )ÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÞÍ ÑÆØÑÈ ²ÑÐÕÖÓÅ Γ )Γ( [\ ) ÐÅ'ÕÑε ´Õ ÉÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßgÔÎÌÊÉIJÑÆÌÅÐ∂∂( XY )ÐÑÏÖ ÑÆØÑÈÖ ÇÔIJÑÑ ²ÑÐÕÖÓÅ Γ Ö²ÅËÅÐÐÑÑ ÕÌÒÅ ÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÖÉÕÒÓÌÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÌ)ÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÞÍÑÆØÑȲÑÐÕÖÓÅΓ )ΓtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÉÑÏÉÕÓÌÚÉÔ²ÌÍ ÔÏÞÔÎ ËÐŲŠIJÑÆÌÅÐÅÔÑÔÕÑÌÕ Ç ÕÑÏ ÚÕÑ Ç ÔÎÖÚÅÉ ÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑÑ Ä²ÑÆÌÅÐÅÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌIJÑÐÕÖÓÅÒÓÌÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÌÔÑØÓÅÐÄÉÕÔÄÅÒÓÌÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÑÏ ¶ ÏÉÐÄÉÕÔÄ µÓÍÐÄÊáÏÇÉÂÄÊÓÊÎÐÓÔÊÌÒÊÄÐÍÊÏÇËÏÐÅÐÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÂÐÔÑÕÔÊÊÏÔÇÅÒÊÒÐÄÂÏÊádÓȱÒËÆÝȱÐÏÔÕÒÝÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÈÆßÔÐÎÑÕϱÔÈÅÕÇÕÔÆÓÈÇÄ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÓà ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËÎË ÇÍà ±ÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔË ßÔбÄÉÇÝÌ ÒÄÊ ÓÑÈØËÄÍÞÏÐ ÏÈ ÐÐÆÄÒËÆÄÈÔÓà pÔÎÈÔËÎ ÈÛÈ ÙÔÐÆÐÆÓñÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ÍàÅÝÈÇÆÈÈÈÔÐÙ±ËÆÓÈÇÄÎÐÉÏÐÓÐÈÇËÏËÔÞ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÍÐÎÄÏÐÌ ÓÎ ÍÈÎÎÕÆÑÍÈÉÄÛÈÌØÈÍ˱ÐÎÆ*qÕÓÔÞ ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±Äà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ * Ë ÏÄ ÏÈÌ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË 3 3[ \ Ë 4 4[ \ rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÆÐÑÒÐÓ Ð ÔÐÎ ÑÒË ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËË ±Ä±Ë× ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ 3G[ 4G\ ÑÒË ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝ×$%ÔÐÙ±Ä× $∈* Ë %∈* ÏÈ ÊÄÆËÓËÔ ÐÔ ÆÝÅÐÒÄ ±ÒËÆÐÌ $% Ë× ÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛÈÌËÍÈÉÄÛÈÌÆ* § ® ® ¢ uÔÎÑÇÌÉÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÏÑÔÕÌÓÅÔÔÏÅÕÓÌÇÅÉÏÑѲÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÑÑ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅ ÑÕ Ö²ÅËÅÐÐÑÑ ÒÖÕÌ ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÑÇÅÐÌÄÓÅÇÐÑÔÌÎßÐÑÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÖÐÖÎáÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅÒÑÎáÆÑÏÖËÅϲÐÖÕÑÏÖ²ÑÐÕÖÓÖÎÉÊÅÜÉÏÖÇÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÊÄαÏÕÔÐбÐÏÔÕÒÄΓµ*ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ∫ 3G[4G\ ËeÇÄÏÝÇÆȱÒËÆÝÈ $%Ë $%ÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛËÈÆ*ÔÐÙ±Ë$Ë%ÒËÓ pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ %$ ±ÒËÆÕà ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛÕàÓà ËÊ $%ÊÄÎÈÏÐÌÏÄÏÈÌÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÏÄÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÕàpÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ $% ` %$ ±ÒËÆÝ× $% Ë %$ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÊÄαÏÕÔÝαÐÏÔÕÒÐÎÑÐßÔÐÎÕ∫3G[4G\ ⊂$%%$ÏÐ∫%3G[4G\⊂$%%$$% ∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ 3G[4G\$%%$$%$%$ ∫ 3G[4G\ µ ∫ 3G[4G\$%rËÓjÊËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ 3G[4G\$%$%Ô È±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ 3G[4G\ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÑÕÔË$%ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËà $%µ*ÑÒËÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝ×$∈*Ë%∈* pÅÒÄÔÏÐÑÕÓÔÞËÏÔÈÒÄÍ∫3G[4G\ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÑÕÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÆÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈËÊÄÇÄÏÊÄαÏÕÔÝ̱ÐÏÔÕÒΓÍÈÉÄÛËÌÆ*dÝÅÈÒÈÎÏÄÏÈÎÇÆÈÔÐÙ±Ë$Ë% $ÔÐÇÄΓ $%` %$ Ë∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ ∫ ∫ ´ ∫ %$$%$%$%eÇÈ $% ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ±ÒËÆÕà ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛÕàÓà ËÊ ±ÒËÆÐÌ %$ÊÄÎÈÏÐÌÏÄÏÈÌÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÏÄÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÕàsÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎ ±ÒËÔÈÒËÌ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÔ ÑÕÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËô § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕß×ÖвÙÌÌ3[\Ì4[\ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÞÇÒÎÑÔ²ÑÍ ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ * fÎÄ ÕÑÑ ÚÕÑÆÞ ²ÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÍ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ 3G[ 4G\ ÒÓÌ ×̲ÔÌÓÑÇÅÐÐÞØ ÕÑÚ²ÅØ $∈* Ì %∈* ÐÉ$%ËÅÇÌÔÉÎÑÕÒÖÕÌÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÑÇÅÐÌÄ $%µ*ÐÉÑÆØÑÈÌÏÑÌÈÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÑ ÚÕÑÆÞ ÇÞÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ 3G[ 4G\ ÄÇÎÄÎÑÔß ÒÑÎÐÞÏÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÅÎÑÏÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÍ×ÖвÙÌÌX X[\ÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÉÐÐÑÍÇÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*GX 3G[4G\∂X∂X àÕÑÓÅÇÐÑÔÌÎßÐÑÕÑÏÖÚÕÑ 3 4[\∈* ∂\∂[qÓÌ ÇÞÒÑÎÐÉÐÌÌ àÕÑÑ ÖÔÎÑÇÌÄ ÈÎÄ ÎáÆÞØ ÈÇÖØ ÕÑÚɲ$ [\∈*Ì% [\∈*ÌÎáÆÑͲÓÌÇÑÍ $%ÔÑÉÈÌÐÄáÜÉÍ àÕÌ ÕÑÚ²Ì Ç* $%µ*ÌÏÉÉÕ ÏÉÔÕÑ ÕÑÊÈÉÔÕÇÑ∫ 3G[4G\ X[\´X[\$%¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ï Ç Ð Ã × Ð Æ Ê Î Ð Ó Ô Ê ÕÓÍÐÆËà fÐÑÕÓÔËÎÙÔÐÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÑÕÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÍÈÉÄÛÈÐÆÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ÄÔÐÍÞ±ÐÐÔÈÐÏÄÙÄÍÞÏÐÌ˱ÐÏÈÙÏÐÌÔÐÙȱqÕÓÔÞ0 [\∈*Ë0 [\∈*Ë0 0 ¶ÏȱÐÔÐÒÄñÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÄñÒËÆÄÃÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛÄÃÆ*ÔÐÙ±Ë 0 Ë 0 ÔıÄà ±ÒËÆÄà ÇÄÉÈ ÍÐÎÄÏÄà ÆÓÈÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÓÎÍÈÎÎÕÆÑ qÐÍÐÉËÎX0 X[\GHI∫ 3G[4G\00vÕϱØËÃX[\ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÄÔı±Ä±ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈX0 X[\ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒıÒËÆÐÌÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛÈÌÆ*ÔÐÙ±Ë0Ë0qбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐ∂X ( [\ )∂X ( [\ ) 3[\Ë 4[\∂[∂\iÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈÎÔÐÙ±Õ0 [\ÄÔÐÙ±Õ0K [K\∈*K ÆÝÅÈÒÈÎ Ôı ÙÔÐÅÝ ÐÔÒÈÊб 00K ÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛËÌ 0 Ë0K±ÐÔÐÒÝÌÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÏÐÓË2[ËËÎÈÈÔÇÍËÏÕ_K_ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÍÓÃÆ*ÒËÓ fÍÃÆÓÈ×ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÎÄÍÝ×ÙËÓÈÍKßÔÐÆÓÈÇÄËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÑÐÙÈÎÕ"tÐÇÄX[K\´X[\ ∫ 3G[4G\´ ∫ 3G[4G\00K00∫ 3G[4G\00KdÇÐÍÞ ÐÔÒÈ汀 00K ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄ \ ÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ∫ 4G\ ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐX[K\´X[\ ∫ 3G[00K00K[K ∫ 3W \GW qÒËÎÈÏËÆ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÕà ÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ Ð ÓÒÈÇÏÈÎ[ÑÐÍÕÙËÎX[K\´X[\ 3[θK\K θ ÐÔ±ÕÇÄX ( [ K\ ) µ X ( [\ ) 3[θK\KqÒÄÆÄà ÙÄÓÔÞ ßÔÐÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ Æ ÓËÍÕÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËË3[\ËÎÈÈÔÑÒÈÇÈÍÑÒËK{ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐËÍÈÆÄÃÙÄÓÔÞÑÒËK{ËÎÈÈÔÑÒÈÇÈÍqÈÒÈÌÇñÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÆÅÕÇÈÎËÎÈÔÞ\*X ( [\ ) 3[\ ∂0 0K0∂[sÐÆÈÒÚÈÏÏÐ ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÇбÄÊÝÆÄX ( [\ ) 4[\ÈÔÓÃËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ∂∂\[rËÓjÔı ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈ ÖÕϱØËË X[ \ ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÈÇбÄÊÄÏÐqÕÓÔÞÔÈÑÈÒÞ$∈*%∈* $% ¶ÏȱÐÔÐÒÄñÒËÆÄÃÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛÄÃ Æ * ÔÐÙ±Ë $ Ë % Ë ÑÕÓÔÞ [ [W \ \W D P W P E ¶ ÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ$ [D\D% [E\EtÐÇÄE∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ 3[W\W[′W4[W\W\′W GWD$%E∫DE∂X ( [W\W ) G\X ( [ ( W )\W ) G[ ∂ GW ∫ X′W [W\WGW GW GW∂\∂[DX[E\E´X[D\D X%´X$Ô ÈÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÔıÉÈÇбÄÊÄÏĦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Æ Ð Ó Ô Â Ô Ð Ù Ï Ð Ó Ô Ê ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÇÍÃÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔ˱ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÐÔÑÕÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÏÄÙÄÍÞÏÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÍàÅÐÐ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÐ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÄ Γ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔ Ó±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÌÄÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆÓËÍÕ∫ 3G[4G\ X$´X$ esÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÍÈÎÎÈ ßÔÐ Ë ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔÞ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÈбÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÐÔÑÕÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃtÈÐÒÈÎÄÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÄÃÔÈÐÒÈÎÈËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐËÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÇÍÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ∫ 3G[4G\5G]gÈÇбÄÊÄeÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÑÒÐÆÐÇËÔÓÃÑÐÔÐÌÉÈÓ×ÈÎÈÙÔÐËÆÑÍÐÓ±ÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈiÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ×ÐÔà ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÄà ÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ Ë ÇÄÈÔ ÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÝÈ Ë ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÈ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÔ ÑÕÔË ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËà ßÔË ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÔÒÕÇÏÐ ÑÒÐÆÈÒÃÈÎÝgÓÍË ÓÕÊËÔÞ ±ÍÄÓÓ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ× ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ ÔÐ ÎÐÉÏÐÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÅÐÍÈÈ ÑÒÐÓÔÐÌ Ë ßÖÖȱÔËÆÏÝÌ ±ÒËÔÈÒËÌdÆÈÇÈÎÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÎÑÔ²ÅÄÑÆÎÅÔÕß*ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÑÈÐÑÔÇÄËÐÑÍÉÔÎÌ ²Å²ÑÇ ÆÞ ÐÌ ÆÞ ÒÓÑÔÕÑÍ ²ÑÐÕÖÓΓµ *ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄÑÆÎÅÔÕß'ÓÅÐÌÙÉͲÑÕÑÓÑÍÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄΓÔÑÈÉÓÊÌÕÔÄÇ*pÅÒÄÊÏÐ ÐÆÐÒà ÐÇÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÐÓÔÞ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ÏÈ ËÎÈÈÔ «ÇÝÒ¬ lÒÕ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÐÇÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔ˱ÒÕÐÆÐȱÐÍÞØÐ ¶ÏÈÐÇÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÐÌÒËÓ qÒÈÉÇÈ ÙÈÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞ ÇÒÕÐÌ ±ÒËÔÈÒËÌ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÔ ÑÕÔË ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËà ÇбÄÉÈÎ ÍÈÎÎÕ ±ÐÔÐÒÄÃÑÐÏÄÇÐÅËÔÓà ÑÒË ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈ ßÔÐrËÓбÒËÔÈÒËà § ® ® ¢ qÖÔÕß×ÖвÙÌÌ3[\Ì4[\ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÞÇÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*Γ ¶ÎÅȲÅIJÓÌÇÅÄÎÉÊÅÜÅÄÇ*[ [W\ \WLLDPWPE ¶ÉÉÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉτ { W L } L τ ¶ÓÅËÆÌÉÐÌÉÑÕÓÉ˲Š>D E@ Λτ ¶ ÎÑÏÅÐÅÄ Ô ÇÉÓÛÌÐÅÏÌ Ç ÕÑÚ²ÅØ [WL \WLL Lτ ÓÎÑ tÑÈÅOLP ∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ 3G[4G\τ → ΛτeiÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÏÄ ÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ ÖÕϱØËÌ [W Ë \W ÇÍËÏÝ ÊÆÈÏÞÈÆ ÍÐÎÄÏÐÌ ΛτÔ ÈÇÍËÏÝÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÓÆÈÒÚËÏÄÎËÆÔÐÙ±Ä×[WL ´\WL´Ë[WL\WLÑÒË_τ_{ÔıÉÈÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓñÏÕÍà¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð lÒËÆÄÃΓÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÎÑıÔÐÎÔı±Ä±ßÔÐÔ ±ÐÎÑÄ±Ô ÏÈ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÓÃ Ó ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎ ?* ÔÐ ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËÈ ÎÈÉÇÕ ÏËÎË ÅÐÍÞÚÈ ÏÕÍà ÓÎ ÍÈÎÎÕ 5 [\ ?*!Ñ qÕÓÔÞη ¶±Ä±ÐÈÍËÅÐÙËÓÍÐÔıÐÈÙÔÐρΓ 5 [\! η!pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊΓηÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÏÄ×ÐÇÃÛË×ÓÃÐÔΓÏÄÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËËÏÈÅÐÍÞÚÈÎÙÈÎηnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐΓηÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐÊÄαÏÕÔÐÓÎÆÑ ÍÈÎÎÕËΓηµ*dÓËÍÕÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÌÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËÌ[WË\WÏÄÐÔÒÈÊ±È >D E@ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ε ! ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÝ×ÇÆÕ× ÔÐÙȱ W′∈>D E@ Ë W′′∈>D E@ ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÛË× ÕÓÍÐÆËà_W′ ¶W′′_ εÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐρ0′0′′ [ [W″ µ [W′ ] [ \W″ µ \W′ ] ηÇÈ 0′ [W′ \W′ 0′′ [W′′ \W′′ dÓÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÐÔÒÈÊ±Ä Ó±ÐÏØÄÎËÆÔÐÙ±Ä×n′Ën′′ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÔıÉÈÏÄ×ÐÇÃÔÓÃÐÔÔÐÙ±Ë 0′ ÏÄ ÒÄÓÓÔÐÃÏËË ÏÈ ÅÐÍÞÚÈÎ ÙÈÎ η Ë ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÍÈÉÄÔ ÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ Γη Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Æ * ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍËÎÈͱÐÓÔÞ_τ_ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτÐÔÒÈʱÄ>DE@ÔıÐÆÄÙÔÐ_τ_ εÔÐÆÓÈÔÐÙ±Ë ÍÐÎÄÏÐÌ Λτ ÍÈÉÄÔ Æ * Ë ÇÍà ÔıË× ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÌ τ ËÎÈÈÔÓÎÝÓÍËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ 3G[4G\ΛτrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ∫ 3G[Ë ∫ 3G[qÐÍÐÉËÎΛτe[L [WL\L \WL3L 3[L\L∆[L [L´[L´L Lτ ,Lτστ ∑ 3L∆[LLlıËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÓÎËÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐOLP στ ∫ 3G[τ →eqÕÓÔÞÇÄÍÈÈ0L [L\L ¶ÆÈÒÚËÏÝÍÐÎÄÏÐÌΛτÔÐÇÄLτ∫ 3G[ ∑0LΛτ∫ 3G[L´0Ls ÇÒÕÐÌ ÓÔÐÒÐÏÝ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕà ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËà ËÊÑ ∫ G[ ∫ FRVα GV _0L´0L_FRVα ∆[LÑÐßÔÐÎÕ0L´0L0L´0LLτLτστ ∑ 3L ∆[L ∑LL0∫ 3L G[L´0LpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ /τ ÇÍËÏÕ ÍÐÎÄÏÐÌ Λτ ÙÈÒÈÊ 6 ¶ ÇÍËÏÕ±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ Ä ÙÈÒÈÊ ωδ 3 ¶ ÎÐÇÕÍÞ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËË3[\ÏıÐÎÑıÔÈΓηËÑÐÍÐÉËÎδτ PD[ _0L ´ 0L_dÓËLLτÍÕÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÌÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÖÕϱØËÌ[WË\WÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>D E@ ÅÕÇÈÎ ËÎÈÔÞ OLP δτ iÄÎÈÔËÆ ÙÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈτ →ÏËÃÇÍËÏݱÒËÆÐÌ/τP6ËÊËÑÐÍÕÙËÎLτ∫ 3G[´στ P ∑LΛτ∫ _3´3L _G[ P 0 0L´LLτP ω_τ_3 ∑ _∆[L_Pω_τ_3/τPω_τ_36LpÔÓàÇÄ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÒÄÆÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔË ÖÕϱØËË 3[ \ÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈΓη, ËÎÈÈÎ OLP ∫ 3G[´στ ËÊÏÄÙËÔÓÐÍÄÓÏÐτ → ΛτOLP ∫ 3G[ ∫ 3G[τ →ΛτebÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐOLP ∫ 4G\ ∫ 4G\τ →ΛτejÊ Ë ÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ Ë ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈÍÈÎÎÝÔ ÈÖÐÒÎÕÍÄi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È uÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈ ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐÈ ÍÈÎÎÈ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐ Ë ÇÍà ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÑÒËÙÈÎÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐÓÍÕÙÄÃÑÒÐÆÐÇËÔÓÃÑÐÔÐÌÉÈÓ×ÈÎÈÙÔÐËÇÍÃÑÍÐÓ±Ðд § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕß ×ÖвÙÌÌ 3[ \ Ì 4[ \ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÞ∂43 Ì Ç ÒÎÑÇÏÉÔÕÉ ÔÑ ÔÇÑÌÏÌ ÚÅÔÕÐÞÏÌ ÒÓÑÌËÇÑÈÐÞÏÌ ∂∂\∂[Ô²ÑÍ ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ * fÎÄ ÕÑÑ ÚÕÑÆÞ ²ÓÌÇÑÎÌÐÉÍÐÞÍ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ∫ 3G[4G\ÒÓÌÒÓÑÌËÇÑÎßÐÑ×̲ÔÌÓÑÇÅÐÐÞØÕÑÚ²ÅØ$∈*Ì$%%∈*ÐÉËÅÇÌÔÉÎÑÕÒÖÕÌÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÑÇÅÐÌÄ $%µ*ÐÉÑÆØÑÈÌÏÑÅÉÔÎÌÑÆÎÅÔÕß*ÑÈÐÑÔÇÄËÐÅÕÑÌÈÑÔÕÅÕÑÚÐÑÚÕÑÆÞ∂43 ÇÑÇÔÉØÕÑÚ²ÅØÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ*ÇÞÒÑÎÐÄÎÑÔßÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑ ∂∂\∂[¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ï Ç Ð Ã × Ð Æ Ê Î Ð Ó Ô Ê qÕÓÔÞ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÑÕÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÍÈÉÄÛÈÐ Æ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË * Ä ÊÄÆËÓËÔ ÔÐÍޱРÐÔ ÈÐ ÏÄÙÄÍÞÏÐÌ Ë ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÌÔÐÙȱ tÐÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÖÕϱØËà X X[ \ ÔıÄà ÙÔÐ GX∂ X∂3∂X∂X 3 4tı±Ä± 3G[4G\Ô ÈÔıÄÃÙÔÐ ∂\∂\∂[∂\ ∂[∂4∂X∂4∂3 ËÑÐÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈ Ë ÄÓÍÈ∂[∂[∂\∂[ ∂\∂ X∂ X Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Ë ÓÎÈÚÄÏÏÝÈ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈ ∂\ ∂[∂4∂3ÏÝÔÐÓÎÑ ÐÏËÒÄÆÏÝÔ È ∂[∂\∂[ ∂\¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Æ Ð Ó Ô Â Ô Ð Ù Ï Ð Ó Ô Ê qÕÓÔÞ ÓÏÄÙÄÍÄ Γ ¶ÊÄαÏÕÔÄÃÍÐÎÄÏÄÃÅÈÊÓÄÎÐÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÌΓµ*Ë' ¶ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÄÃÈà±ÐÏÈÙÏÄÃÙÄÓÔÞÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÍÈÉÄÛÄÃÆÓËÍÕÐÇÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÐÓÔËÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ÆßÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË'µ*pÙÈÆËÇÏÐÖÕϱØËË3Ë4ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝÆÊÄÎݱÄÏËË' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË'ÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ' '`Γµ*nÏÐÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱ ' ÎÐÉÏÐ ÒÄÊÅËÔÞ ÏÄ ÔÒÈÕÐÍÞÏË±Ë Ä ±ÄÉÇÝÌÔÒÈÕÐÍÞÏ˱ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞà ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÅÈË×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÐÓÈÌqÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍÃÐÅÍÄÓÔË'ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐ∂43 ÔÐÒÈÎÈÑ ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄeÒËÏÄÄÔı±Ä±∂∂\∂4 ∂3 ´ G[G\ ∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ ∫ ∂\ ∂[e'∂[pÔÓàÇÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐËÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÍÐÎÄÏÐÌΓÅÝÔÞÎÐÉÈÔ ÓÄÎÐÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛÈÌÓà ÍÈÉÄÛÈÌ Æ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË * ÔıÉÈËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ∫ 3G[4G\ eÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕÍàÅÄÃÍÐÎÄÏÄÃÒÄÓÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÃÏıÐÏÈÙÏÐÈÙËÓÍÐÊÄαÏÕÔÝ×ÍÐÎÄÏÝ×ÅÈÊÓÄÎÐÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÌËÐÔÒÈʱÐÆÑÒÐ×ÐÇËÎÝ×ËÆÐÇÏÐÎËÆÇÒÕÐÎÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÃ×jÑÐÑÈÒÆÝÎËÑÐÆÔÐÒÝÎÙÄÓÔÃÎÍÐÎÄÏÐÌΓÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàoıÐÏÈØ ÈÓÍË Γ ^UW D P W P E` ¶ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝÌ ÑÒÐÓÔÐÌ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËÌ ±ÐÏÔÕÒ Γ µ * ÔÐ ÑÒË ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÎÈÍL L±Ë× ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃ× τ { W L } L τ ÐÔÒÈ汀 >D E@ ÍÐÎÄÏÝÈ Λτ Ó ÆÈÒÚËÏÄÎËÆÔÐÙ±Ä×UWLL LτÍÈÉÄÔÆ*qÐßÔÐÎÕÑÐÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÎÕ ∫ 3G[ 4G\ pÔÓàÇÄ ÑÒÈÇÈÍÞÏÝÎ ÑÈÒÈ×ÐΛτÇÐÎÑÒË_τ_{ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÈÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐË∫ 3G[4G\ e∂43 ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔ²ÓÌÕÉÓÌÉÏÒÑÎÐÑÑÈÌ×jÏÐÇÄÕÓÍÐÆËÈ ∂∂\∂[×ÉÓÉÐÙÌÅÎÅÇÑÈÐÑÔÇÄËÐÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÕßÔÐÕÓÍÐÆËÈÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐ Ë ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÇÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈ 3G[ 4G\ÆÐÇÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ÃÆÍÃÍÐÓÞÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÎÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÖÕϱØËËX[\[\∈*dÊıÍàÙÈÏËÈßÔÐÐÑÕϱÔÄÐÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÔÒÈÅÐÆÄÏËÈÐÇÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÐÓÔË ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÑÒË ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÓÔË ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ÇÍà ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÔÑÕÔËËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÃÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎËÈÐÏÈÍÞÊÃÐÔÅÒÐÓËÔÞqÐÇÔÆÈÒÇËÎßÔÐÑÒËÎÈÒÐÎ\[ \[[ \ 4[\ ± Ò Ê Î Ç Ò 3[\ ´ mȱÐÑÒÐÆÈÒËÔÞÙÔÐ∂4 ∂3 ∂[ ∂\ÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËËÓ±ÍàÙÄÃÏÄÙÄÍбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔqÒË[ ßÔÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐ\G[ [G\G DUFWJ \ ± [\![[ \ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÓÎÈÚÄÏÏÝ×ÆÔÐÒÝ×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËËDUFWJ \ [tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÊÄ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ * ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÊÃÔÞÆÓà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ Ó «ÆݱÐÍÐÔÝά ÏÄÙÄÍÐÎ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ *5?^`pÅÍÄÓÔÞ*ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÏÈÐÇÏÐÓÆÃÊÏÄd±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÊÄαÏÕÔÐÐ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÄ ÆÐÊÞÎÈÎ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÕà бÒÕÉÏÐÓÔÞ Γ^[ FRV W\ VLQ WPWPπ`ÔÐÇÄπ± \G[ [G\ ∫ GW π∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ [ \eesÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏÝËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÊÄαÏÕÔÝ̱ÐÏÔÕÒΓÑбÐÔÐÒÐÎÕËÏÔÈÒÄÍÏÈÒÄÆÈÏ ÏÕÍà oÈÔÒÕÇÏÐ ÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓà ÙÔÐ ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÑÐ ÍàÅÐÌ Ð±ÒÕÉÏÐÓÔËΓUÒÄÇËÕÓÄUÓØÈÏÔÒÐÎÆÏÄÙÄÍȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ∫ 3G[4G\ π.eUfÄÍÈÈ ±Ä±ÐÆ ÅÝ ÏË ÅÝÍ ÑÒÐÓÔÐÌ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËÌ ±ÐÏÔÕÒΓ ÃÆÍÃàÛËÌÓà ÒÄÏËØÈÌ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÈÌ ÏÄÙÄÍÐ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÐÆÐÒÃÔ ÙÔÐ ±ÐÏÔÕÒ ΓÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÆÏÕÔÒËÓÈÅÃÏÄÙÄÍбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÇÍÃÏÈÐÔıÉÈ∫ 3G[4G\ π.efÍà ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ ßÔÐÐ ÆÐÊÞÎÈΠбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔÞ ΓU ÔıÐÐÒÄÇËÕÓÄUÙÔÐΓUµ'ÔÐÇÄΓËΓU ÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃsÐÈÇËÏËƱÐÏÔÕÒÝ Γ Ë ΓU ÐÔÒÈʱÄÎË Λ Ë Λ ±Ä± ÑбÄÊÄÏÐ ÏÄ ÒËÓ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎÇÆÄÊÄαÏÕÔÝ×±ÐÏÔÕÒÄΓËΓÏÈÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛË×ÆÏÕÔÒË ÓÈÅà ÏÄÙÄÍÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ Ë ÓÐÓÔÐÃÛË× ËÊ ÇÕ Γ ′U Ë Γ U″ бÒÕÉÏÐÓÔËΓUÙÄÓÔÈÌΓ′ËΓ′′±ÐÏÔÕÒÄΓËÐÔÒÈʱÐÆΛËΛd ÓËÍÕ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÇÍÃßÔË× ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝ ÒÄ\ÆÈÏÓÔÆÄΓ ′∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ 3G[4G\ eesÍÐÉËÆ ßÔË ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ Ë ÐÑÕÓÔËÆÇÍà ±ÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔË ÑÐÇÝÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÈÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÃÑÐÍÕÙËÎÒËÓ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ eee′+Λe′UµΛ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ´´e′′+Λe′′UµΛ∫ ∫ ´ ∫ ´ ∫ ∫ ´ ∫ e′+e′′+e′Ue′′UeeUΓΓ U′ ´ΛΛΛ´Γ″ Γ″U ´Λ´rËÓ[\[pÔÓàÇÄÆÓËÍÕËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔcÐÍÈÈÔÐÐßÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃËÆÓÍÕÙÄÈÈÓÍ˱ÐÏÔÕÒΓÐÅ×ÐÇëÐÇËÏÒÄʬÆбÒÕÏÄÙÄÍıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈÙËÓÍЫÑÈÔÈÍÞ¬ÏÈÐ×ÆÄÔÝÆÄàÛË×ÏÄÙÄÍÐ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÒËÓ ÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÑÐßÔËÎÑÈÔÍÃÎÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàgÓÍË 0 ¶ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË * 0∈* 0∈*0 0 ¶±Ä±ÄÃÍËÅбÒËÆÄÃÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛÄÃÆ*ÔÐÙ±Ë0Ë0ÔÐX0 ∫ 3G[4G\rËÓ00ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÕÉÈ ÎÏÐÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÌ ÖÕϱØËÈÌÊÏÄÙÈÏËà ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓà ÆÝÅÐÒÐÎ ÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝ× ÑÕÔÈÌ ÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛË×ÔÐÙ±Ë0Ë0gÓÍËΓµ±Ä±ÄÃÍËÅÐÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄñÒËÆÄÃÓÐÈÇËÏÃàÛÄÃ0Ë0ÔÐÆÓÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÖÕϱØËËXÆÔÐÙ±È0ÊÄÇÄàÔÓÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÐÌX0 ∫ 3G[4G\πQQ ¥¥e˱ÄÉÇÝÌÐÅ×ÐÇÆбÒÕÏÄÙÄÍıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔËÊÎÈÏÃÈÔÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈÖÕϱØËËX0ÏÄÆÈÍËÙËÏÕ¥πÆÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔËÐÔÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÃÐÅ×ÐÇÄd ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÍȱРÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃ Ë ÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ∫ 3G[4G\ ∫ee± \G[ [G\\ $UFWJ [ [ \ÇÈ $UFWJ \ ¶ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ$UFWJ \[ [\ÑÐßÔÐÎÕX0 $UFWJµÎÏÐÐÊÏÄÙÏÄÃÖÕϱØËÃ[dÇÕÎÙËÆÝÌ ÙËÔÄÔÈÍÞ ÊÄÎÈÔËÍ ÙÔÐ ÎÏÐËÈ ÒÄÓÓÕÉÇÈÏËÃÑÒÐÆÈÇÈÏÏÝÈÆßÔÐÎÑÒËÎÈÒÈÏÈÊÄÆËÓÃÔÐÔ±ÐϱÒÈÔÏÐÐÆËÇÄÖÕϱØËË 3 Ë 4 Ë ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÎË ÆÓÈÇÄ ±ÐÇÄ ÎÝËÎÈÈÎÇÈÍÐÓÐÇÏÐÌËÊÐÍËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌ«ÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌ¬Ô ÈÔÐÙ±ÐÌ Æ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÏÄÒÕÚÄÈÔÓà ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ lÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÑÒËÐÇÏбÒÄÔÏÐÎ «ÐÅ×ÐÇȬ ÔıÐÌ ÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÅÕÇÈÔ ÑÐÍÕÙÄÔÞÓÃÏÈ π Ä ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÐÆÐÒà ±Ä±ÐÈÔÐ ÇÒÕÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞÏÕÍÞrÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔ ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÓÔÐ Ë ±ÐÇÄΓ ¶ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÄñÒËÆÄÃÓÎÑ uqrbhogojgfбÄÊÄÔÞÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ∫ ∫ Y∆XG[G\*∂X∂X ∂Y ∂X ∂Y´ ∫ ∫ G[G\ ∫ Y GV ∂[ ∂[ ∂\ ∂\ ∂νe*ÇÈ* ¶ÑÍÐÓ±ÄÃÐÅÍÄÓÔÞÇÍñÐÔÐÒÐÌÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄeÒËÏÄΓ ¶ÐÒÄÏËÙËÆÄàÛËÌÈȱÐÏÔÕÒν ¶ÈÇËÏËÙÏÄÃÆÏÈÚÏÃÃÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ±±ÐÏÔÕÒÕΓÄ∆ ¶ÐÑÈÒÄÔÐÒmÄÑÍÄÓÄÓÎÑ ¯ÇÓÐÃÓÔÄÇÏÏÝÇÌÒÂÔÏÝÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÝ°ÓÏÐÄÏÝÇÐÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊálıËÒÄÏÈÈÇÍÃÐÇÏбÒÄÔÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÆÆÈÇÈÎÑÐÏÃÔËÈÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐбÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÔ È±ÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÐÔÖÕϱØË̱ÐÔÐÒÝÈÎÐÕÔÅÝÔÞÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝÎËËÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÎËÏÄÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝ×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÃ×pÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËȱÒÄÔÏÐÐÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎ Æ ÔıÐÎ ÆËÇÈ ÙÔÐ ÐÏÐÅÕÇÈÔÐ×ÆÄÔÝÆÄÔÞÐÅÄÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÓÍÕÙÄÃÓÒÓÑ °ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß * ¶ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÉ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÑÉ ÌÎÌ ÐÉÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÑÉ Ç QÏÉÓÐÑÏ ÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÉ 5QqÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑÔÕßÑÕ²ÓÞÕÞØÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ*NN ÆÖÈÉÏÐÅËÞÇÅÕßÒÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑÔÕßáÏÑÐÑÕÑÐÐÑÌÔÚÉÓÒÞÇÅáÜÉÍÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÉÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ*ÉÔÎÌ * Nµ*NN N`*N *iÇÈÓÞ * ±Ä± ÆÓÈÇÄ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ ÓÎ Ñ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È nÝ ÕÉÈ ÆÓÔÒÈÙÄÍËÓÞ Ó ÑÐÏÃÔËÈÎ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔËÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛË× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈ ÉÈ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÆ5QÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÓÎÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈÆÑfбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*µ5Q ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÄà ÈÐ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆgÓÍË4N ^[_[_ N` ¶ÚÄÒÒÄÇËÕÓÄN∈1ÄVN VN* 4N ¶ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÆÓÈ×±ÕÅÐÆÒÄÏÄNÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛË×ÓÃÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ``* 4NÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÄÃÑÐÇÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞNPÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÏÄÔÕÒÄÍÞÏÝ× ÙËÓÈÍ ÙÔÐ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ*P ( V N ) P ÓÐÓÔÐÃÛË×ËÊP LQWÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË× ÔÐÙȱ ÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ÐÆ V N ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝPÆÄÈÔ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ * dÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËÈ ÕÓÍÐÆËà * P µ *P ÑÒË ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ÑÐÇÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË NP ÎÐÉÏÐ ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆËÔÞ ÆÝÅÒÄÆÇÍà ±ÄÉÇÐÐ ÏÐÎÈÒÄ P ÔıÐÌ ÏÐÎÈÒ NP ÙÔÐ * P V N µP) *P oÐÎÈÒ NP ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ Ôı ±Ä± ÒÄÓµ ( V NP LQWÓÔÐÃÏËÈ ρ V N ∂* ÒÄÏËØÝ ∂* ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ * ÇÐP±ÐÎÑıÔÄ V N ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐ Ä ÇËÄÎÈÔÒÝ ±ÕÅÐÆ Æ×ÐÇÃÛË× ÆPÎÏÐÐÒÄÏÏ˱ËVNÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓñÏÕÍàÑÒËN{uÓÍÐÆËÈ* N` * N ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐ* N`VN*P°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß ÐÅ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ * ËÅÈÅÐÅ×ÖвÙÌÄ I ÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄ ÌÎÌ ÐÉÑÓÅÐÌÚÉÐÐÅÄ ÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÅÄÒÑrÌÏÅÐÖÐÅÎáÆÑÏÌËÏÉÓÌÏÑÏÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ'ÕŲÑÏÚÕÑ 'µ*vÖвÙÌÄIÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÌÐÕÉÓÌÓÖÉÏÑÍ Ç ÐÉÔÑÆÔÕÇÉÐÐÑÏ ÔÏÞÔÎÉ ÐÅ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*ÉÔÎÌÈÎÄÎáÆÑÍÒÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑÔÕÌÑÕ²ÓÞÕÞØÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞØÒÑhÑÓÈÅÐÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ*NN ÏÑÐÑÕÑÐÐÑÌÔÚÉÓÒÞÇÅáÜÉÍ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ * ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÒÓÉÈÉÎ OLP ∫ IG*NN→ÐÉËÅÇÌÔÄÜÌÍÑÕÇÞÆÑÓÅÖ²ÅËÅÐÐÑÍÒÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑÔÕÌ*NN ÕÑÕ ÒÓÉÈÉÎ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÐÉÔÑÆÔÕÇÉÐÐÞÏ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏÑÕ×ÖвÙÌÌIÒÑÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÖÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÖ*ÌÑÆÑËÐÅÚÅÉÕÔÄÚÉÓÉË∫IG*ÌÎÌ ÆÑÎÉÉ ÒÑÈÓÑÆÐÑ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫I[[[QG[G[G[Q*tŲÌÏÑÆÓÅËÑÏ∫ IG*N∫ IG* NOLP→gÔÎÌ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ IG* ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÕÑ ÑÇÑÓÄÕ ÕŲÊÉÚÕÑ ÑÐ ÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄ Å Ç ÒÓÑÕÌÇÐÑÏ ÔÎÖÚÅÉ ¶ ÚÕÑ ÑÐ ÓÅÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄsÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÊÄÎÈÔËÔÞ ÙÔÐ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Q ÇÄÏÏÐÈ ÊÇÈÓÞ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÏÈß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÐÔ ÖÕϱØËË ÐÇÏÐÐ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐÇÄÏÏÐÐÆ ÔÐÓÆÃÊÄÏÐÏÈÔÐÍÞ±ÐÓÔÈÒÎËÏÄÎËƱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÖÐÒÎËÒÕàÔÓà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÔÄÎ ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÎÏÄÊÝÆÄÍÄÓÞ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÐ ÆËÇÄ ÖÕϱØËÃ Ä ÑÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÓÔÈÎ ÙÔÐ Æ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÎ ÑÄÒÄÒÄÖÈ ÎÝ Æ ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ *NÅÒÄÍË ÍËÚÞ ËÏÔÈÒÆÄÍÝ Ô È ÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÝÈ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÈ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÆÈÓÞÎÄÓÑÈØËÄÍÞÏÐÐÆËÇÄqÐßÔÐÎÕÆÆÈÇÈÏÏÐÈÆ ÏÄÓÔÐÃÛÈÎ ÑÄÒÄÒÄÖÈ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÑÒËÎÈÏÃÔÞ ÔÐÍÞ±Ð Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Q O ÓÐ×ÒÄÏËÆ ÇÍÃÓÍÕÙÄÃQ ÑÒÈÉÏÈÈÑÐÏÃÔËÈÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄgÓÍË ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ * ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐ ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕ ËÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÏÄ *ÔÐÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÔÖÕϱØËËIÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÐÅÝÙÏÝÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÎrËÎÄÏÄßÔÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÑÐÍÏÐÌÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄrËÎÄÏÄÓÎÑ pÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÑÐÊÆÐÍÃÈÔÑÈÒÈÏÈÓÔËÏÄÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ ÒÃÇ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆ ÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔÞ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÑÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÓÔÞ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆ ÓÆÈÇÈÏËÈ ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ± ÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÎÕÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÊÄÎÈÏÝÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐËÇÒoÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÈÓÍË [ )X ¶ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ'µ 5 XQÏÄÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*µ 5 [QËñÐÅËÄÏ-XßÔÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÏËÇÈÏÈÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÏÄ'ÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÏÄ * ÖÕϱØËË I ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÊÄÎÈÏÝÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐÆËÏÔÈÒÄÍÈ∫ I[G* ∫ I)X_-X_G'fбÄÊÄÔÞßÔÐÎÐÉÏÐÔÐÙÏÐÔıÉȱıÇбÄÊÄÏÄÔÈÐÒÈÎÄÆ Ñ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÔÐÍޱРÆÎÈÓÔÐ ÑÐÍÏÐÌ ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÔÞÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈjÓÑÐÍÞÊÕà ÄÇÇËÔËÆÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐ ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÑÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÎÐÉÏÐÑÈÒÈÑËÓÄÔÞÆÇÒÕÐÎß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÎÆËÇÈiÄÎÈÙÄÃÙÔÐÇÍÃËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ*µ*ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ∫ IG*´∫ IG* ∫ IG*?* ÎÐÉÏÐÓ±ÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍ∫ IG*Ó×ÐÇËÔÓÃÔÐÇÄËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÔÐÇÄ ±ÐÇÄ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÌ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ *N N ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÈÌÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ∫ IG*?* NËOLP ∫ IG*?* N N→uqrbhogojgfбÄÊÄÔÞÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÑбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ∫IG*Ë∫IG*?* ÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÓ×ÐÇÃÔÓÃËÍËÒÄÓ×ÐÇÃÔÓà ¯ÇÓÐÃÓÔÄÇÏÏÝÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÝÐÔÏÇÐÔÒÊØÂÔÇÍÞÏÝ×ÖÕÏÌØÊË´ § ° ² § ® ¢ qÖÔÕß×ÖвÙÌÄIÐÉÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÅÐÅÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ*µ5QtÑÈŲŲÑÇÅÆÞÐÌÆÞÎÅÒÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑÔÕß ^*N` ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÞØ ÌËÏÉÓÌÏÞØ ÒÑ hÑÓÈÅÐÖ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇ*NÏÑÐÑÕÑÐÐÑÌÔÚÉÓÒÞÇÅáÜÌØÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ*ÒÓÉÈÉÎOLP ∫ I[G*N→²ÑÐÉÚÐÞÍÌÎÌÓÅÇÐÞÍÇÔÉÈÅÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÌÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÕÑÕÇÞÆÑÓÅÖ²ÅËÅÐÐÑÍÒÑÔÎÉÈÑÇÅÕÉÎßÐÑÔÕÌ^*N`gÓÍËÐϱÐÏÈÙÈÏÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫I[G*ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÒÈÇÈÍ ÒÄÆÈÏ ßÔÐÎÕ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕ ÈÓÍË ÉÈ ÑÒÈÇÈÍÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÈÏÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ I[G*ÏÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔd ÑÐÓÍÈÇÏÈÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÑËÚÕÔ ∫ I[G* ÔÐ ÐÑÒÄÆÇÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÔÈÎÙÔÐÆÓËÍÕÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÇÒÕÐÌ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ^'N` ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ 'N ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛË× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ * ÔıÉÈËÎÈÈÎ OLP ∫ I[G*N N→¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð qÕÓÔÞ *N N ¶ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÄà ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ * tÐÇÄ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàÔıÐÌÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË*Nµ*N ÄÔı±Ä±IOÔÐ∫ IG*NP∫ IG*NN ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÓÈÇÄÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÌËÍËÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÌÑÒÈÇÈÍ OLP ∫ IG*N ,N→qÕÓÔÞÔÈÑÈÒÞ'NN ¶±Ä±ÄÃÍËÅÐÇÒÕÄÃÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÄà ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ * d ÓËÍÕ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÆÝÚÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÌËÍËÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÌÑÒÈÇÈÍ OLP ∫ IG'N ,N→qбÄÉÈÎÙÔÐ, ,fÍà ÍàÅÐÐ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÐ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄ *N ÑÈÒÆÐÌ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÏÐÎÈÒN NNÔıÐÌÙÔÐ* Nµ' N d ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ * N ¶ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÈÐ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ * N ÔıÉÈ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÐ Ô È ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÎÑıÔÐÎ d ÓËÍÕ ßÔÐÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈÔıÐÐ ÏÐÎÈÒÄ N ÙÔÐ ËÎÈÈÔ ÎÈÓÔРƱÍàÙÈÏËÈ ' N ¬ * NÆÝÔȱÄÈÔ ËÊ ÍÈÎÎÝ eÈÌÏȵcÐÒÈÍà ÓÎ Ñ Ôı ±Ä±ÓËÓÔÈÎÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ^'N`ÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÑбÒÝÔËȱÐÎÑıÔÄ* N Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ËÊ ÏÈÐ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÝÇÈÍËÔÞ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈÑбÒÝÔËÈ^'' ' N `ÓÏÐÙÔÐÆÓËÍÕƱÍàÙÈÏËÌ'µµ'µµ ' N ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃƱÍàÙÈÏËÈtÈÑÈÒÞ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÕÓÍÐÆËà I O ËÊ Æ±ÍàÙÈÏËà ÆÝÔȱÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ IG*N P IG ' N oÐ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ IG' N P ,ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎ N ∫ IG*N P , qÈÒÈÌÇÃ Æ ßÔÐÎÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆȱÑÒÈÇÈÍÕÑÒËN{ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ,P,qÐÇÐÅÏÝÎÉÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃËÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ,O,± Ò Ê Î Ç Ò rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍ, ∫∫H± [ µ \ G[G\qÐÍÐ5ÉËÎ*N ^[\[\ N`N ÔÄÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞà ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ±ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÑÒÐÓÔбÒÕÐÆÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÈÌÆÓàÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ5qÕÓÔÞ ,N ∫ ∫ H ±[ µ \ G[G\ qÈÒÈÌÇÈÎ ± ÑÐÍÃÒÏÝÎ ±ÐÐÒÇË*NÏÄÔÄÎπN±U NH π´H ±N ,N ∫ ∫ H ±U UGUGϕ ∫ Gϕ ∫ H ±U UGU ´π *NpÔÓàÇÄÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà, OLP ,N π.N→vÐÒÎÕÍÄÑÐÊÆÐÍÃÈÔÏÄÌÔËÆÈÍËÙËÏÕËÏÔÈÒÄÍı[ ∫ H G[´ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÐÐÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÑÏqÖÅÔÔÑÐÅËÙÄÓÔÐÆÓÔÒÈÙÄàÛÈÐÓÃÆÑÒËÍÐÉÈÏËÃ× fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄà ÙÈÒÈÊ 'N ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔ^[ \_[_PN_\_PN`N ËÑÒËÎÈÏËƱËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕÑÐ'NÐÔ ÖÕϱØËË H ±[ µ \ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ÓÆÈÇÈÏËà ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ±ÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÎÕÓÎÑ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ, ∫ ∫ H ±[ µ \ G[G\ OLP ∫ ∫ H ±[ µ \ G[G\N → 'N5NNµNµN OLP ∫ G[ ∫ H ±[N→ µ \N OLP ∫ HN→µNNNµNµNNG[G\ OLP ∫ ∫ H ±[ G[ ∫ H ±\ G\N→G[ ∫ H´±[ µNG[ ±[ s qÕÄÓÓÐ϶ ¶ÖÒÄÏØÕÊÓ±ËÌÖËÊ˱ËÎÄÔÈÎÄÔ˱qÐßÔÐÎÕËÊÓÒÄÊÕÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ∫H´± [ G[ π´ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÑÒÊÉÏÂÌÓÒÂÄÏÇÏÊá qÖÔÕßÐÅÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ * ÇÞÒÑÎÐÄáÕÔÄ ÐÉÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÅ P I[ P J[ [∈*tÑÈÅ ÌË ÔØÑÈÌÏÑÔÕÌ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅ ∫ J[G* ÔÎÉÈÖÉÕ ÔØÑÈÌÏÑÔÕß ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅ ∫ I[G* Å ÌË ÓÅÔØÑÈÌÏÑÔÕÌ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅ∫ I[G*ÔÎÉÈÖÉÕÓÅÔØÑÈÌÏÑÔÕßÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÅ∫ J[G*ÔÄ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ÇбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÑÐÇÐÅÏÐÌ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ ÆÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÓÎÑ d±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÑÒËÎÈÒÐÆËßÔÄÍÐÏÐÆÇÍÃÓÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÓÇÒÕËÎËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎËÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎËÏÔÈÒÄÍÝ∫ ∫G[ G[ Q α∫ ∫G[ G[ Q[ [ Q O ( [ [ Q )[ [ Q P ( [ [ ) αQqÈÒÆÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÅÈÒÈÔÓà ÑÐ ÆÏÈÚÏÐÓÔË ÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÐ ÚÄÒÄÆÔÐÒÐÌ ¶ÑÐÓÄÎÐÎÕÚÄÒÕfÍÃËÓÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÏËÃßÔË×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÕÇÐÅÏÐÆÆÈÓÔËÔ×ÉÓÌÚÉÔ²ÌÉ ²ÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÞ ρ ϕ ϕQ µ Æ QÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈpÏËÆÆÐÇÃÔÓÃÑÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎ[ ρFRVϕQµFRVϕQ´ FRVϕFRVϕ[ ρFRVϕQµFRVϕQ´ FRVϕVLQϕ[ ρFRVϕQµFRVϕQ´ FRVϕVLQϕ[L ρFRVϕQµFRVϕLVLQϕL´ÇÈ[Q ρVLQ ϕQµPρ PϕPπ´ π PϕLP π L Q´s ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ßÔË× ÖÐÒÎÕÍ ÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÝÎ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎ [ [QÔÐÙ±ËÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄÓÐÑÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔÓÃÓÖÈÒËÙÈÓ±ËȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝρϕϕQµËÐÅÒÄÔÏÐqÒËßÔÐÎÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÎÈÔÞÆÆËÇÕÙÔÐÑÐÇÐÅÏÐ ÑÐÍÃÒÏÝÎ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎ ÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÊÇÈÓÞ ÏÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÑÐÍÏÐÐ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÐ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆËà ÎÈÉÇÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËQÙËÓÈÍ[[QËρϕϕQµpÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐρ [ [ QÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝÎË ÏÐ ÏÈÓ±ÐÍޱРÒÐÎÐÊDZËÎË ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÃÎË ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÏÈ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÊÇÈÓÞ ÑÒËÆÐÇËÔÞ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐñÐÅËÄÏßÔÐÐÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ∂( [ [ [ Q ) ρQµFRVϕFRV ϕFRVQ´ϕQµ∂( ρϕ ϕ Q µ )qÐÍÐÉËÎÇÍñÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔËvϕϕQµ FRVϕFRVϕFRVQ´ϕQµmȱÐÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃÙÔÐvϕ ϕQµOËÙÔÐπ ππF ∫ ∫ ∫ Φϕ ϕQµGϕGϕQµ! ´π´πÔÐÓÒÄÊÕÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÓÍÈÇÓÔÆËÃÓÆÐÌÓÔÆıÒÄÔÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÆÑ jÓÓÍÈÇÕÈÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ Ó×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔÞ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ d ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ *NN ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÈÌ ÆÏÈÚÏÐÓÔÞ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÐÚÄÒÄ4ÆÐÊÞÎÈÎÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ*N [ ρϕϕQµ ρ NN NqÈÒÈÌÇñÓÖÈÒËÙÈÓ±ËαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎÑÐÍÕÙËÎG[ G[ Q∫ ∫ αNπ ππ*N( [ [ Q ) ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ρ Q µ µ αvϕϕQµGρGϕGϕQµN ´π´πNF ∫ ρ Q µ µ α GρNtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆÐÑÒÐÓÐÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÓÆÈÍÓñÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ ρ Q µ µ αGρ±ÐÔÐÒÝ̱ıËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÓÎÑ Ó×ÐÇËÔÓÃÑÒËQ´´α ´Ô ÈÑÒËα!QËÒÄÓ×ÐÇËÔÓÃÑÒËαPQjÔıÇбÄÊÄÏÄÓÍÈÇÕàÛÄÃÍÈÎÎÄ § ® ® ¢ jÐÕÉÓÅÎÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄÉÔÎÌαÆÑÎßÛÉÓÅËÏÉÓÐÑÔÕÌÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÅÌÓÅÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄÇÒÓÑÕÌÇÐÑÏÔÎÖÚÅÉrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÔÈÑÈÒÞËÏÔÈÒÄÍqÐÍÐÉËÆN*N [ ρϕϕQµ ρ ´ N NÑÐÍÕÙËÎG[ G[ Q∫ ∫ α( [ [ ) *N´N π π ∫NQπ∫ ∫ ∫ ρ Q µ µ αvϕϕQµGρGϕGϕQµ ´π´π´NF ∫ ρ Q µ µ αGρNtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆÐÑÒÐÓÐÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÓÆÈÍÓñÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ ρ Q µ µ αGρÔÐÔËÏÔÈÒÄͱıËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÓ×ÐÇËÔÓÃÈÓÍËQ´´α!´Ô ÈÈÓÍËα QËÒÄÓ×ÐÇËÔÓÃ Æ ÑÒÐÔËÆÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ qÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÝÌ ÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔ ÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎÓÏÐÆÄÆÆËÇÈÍÈÎÎÝ § ® ® ¢ jÐÕÉÓÅÎÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄÉÔÎÌαÏÉÐßÛÉÓÅËÏÉÓÐÑÔÕÌÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÅÌÓÅÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄÇÒÓÑÕÌÇÐÑÏÔÎÖÚÅÉqÐÇÐÅÏÐÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÕÓÍÕÙÄàÓÎÑ ÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆËÎÐÉÏÐÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞ±ÒËÔÈÒËËÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔË ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ±ÒÄÔÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÐÇÏıРÎÝ ÏÈÅÕÇÈÎÏÄßÔÐÎÑÐÇÒÐÅÏÐÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÔÞÓà ¯ÇÓÐÃÓÔÄÇÏÏÝÇÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÝÐÔÖÕÏÌØÊËÎÇÏáàÛÊ×ÉÏÂÌ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ oÉÔÑÆÔÕÇÉÐÐÞÍ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ IG* ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÅÆÔÑÎáÕÐÑÔØÑÈÄÜÌÏÔÄÉÔÎÌÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ∫ _I_G*fÍÃËÊÕÙÈÏËÃÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÐÌÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÐÔÖÕϱØËËI[ÅÕÇÕÔÑÐÍÈÊÏÝÖÕϱØËËI[ I ( [ )ÈÓÍËI ( [ ) O I´[ ´I ( [ )ÈÓÍËI ( [ ) P ÈÓÍËI ( [ ) ÈÓÍËI ( [ )!mȱÐÆËÇÈÔÞÙÔÐI II µI I Iµ PI[P_I[_PIµ[P_I[_I[ I[´Iµ[_I[_ I[Iµ[jÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÈÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃIËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÄÑÐrËÎÄÏÕÏÄÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÌÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÐÅÍÄÓÔËÔÐËÖÕϱØËËIËIµËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÝÑÐrËÎÄÏÕÏÄßÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË ËÊ ÑÈÒÆÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÈ ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ËÊ ¶ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ IG*ÅÆÔÑÎáÕÐÑ ÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄ ÕÑÈÅ Ì ÕÑÎß²Ñ ÕÑÈÅ ²ÑÈÅ ÔØÑÈÄÕÔÄ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎÞ ∫ IG*Ì ∫ IµG*lıËÆÓÍÕÙÄÈÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÐÔÖÕϱØËËÐÇÏÐÐÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐËÊÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÐÌÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔ˱ÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÈÐ Ó×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔÞ ÑÒË ßÔÐÎ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄàÔÓà ÔÐÍޱРÔıËÈ ÖÕϱØËË ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÝ ÏıÄÉÇÐÎ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛÈÎÓÃÆÎÈÓÔÈÓÐÓÆÐËÎÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈÎÆÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÎÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÑбÐÔÐÒÐÎÕÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓÃËÏÔÈÒËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÔÐÓÒÄÊÕÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃÏÄÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËË ÖÐÒÎÕÍ ÑÈÒÆÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ Ë ËÊ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÏÄÓÔÐÃÛÈÐÑÄÒÄÒÄÖÄÓÎÑ pÇÏıÐÇÍñÒÄÔÏÝ× ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄ Ë ÐÅÒÄÔÏÄà ÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ gÔÎÌ ²ÓÅÕÐÞÍ ÌÐÕÉÓÅÎ ∫ IG*QOÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄÕÑÑÐÌÅÆÔÑÎáÕÐÑÔØÑÈÌÕÔÄÔÄ ÏÈÐÉËÇÄÏÏÄà ÏÄ ÑÈÒÆÝÌ ÆÊÍÃÇ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ÓÆÃÊÄÏÄ Ó ÐÔÍËÙËÈÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ ÐÔ ÖÕϱØËËÐÇÏÐÐËÊQÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×Q!Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÆÏÄÙÄÍÈßÔÐÐÑÄÒÄÒÄÖĦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð Ô Ç Ð Ò Ç Î Ý qÕÓÔÞ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ∫ IG* ÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÐÒÄÓ×ÐÇËÔÓÃÔ ÈÇÍÃÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÊÏÄÙËÔËÇÍÃÆÓñÐÌ ÓÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÕ Æ Ñ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ*NN ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÈÌÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ*ËÎÈÈÎ OLP ∫ _I_G*N cÈÊÐÒÄN→ÏËÙÈÏËÃÐÅÛÏÐÓÔËÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÃÈÓÍËÏÄÇбÑÐÇÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔËÎÐÉÏÐÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÙÔÐ∫ _I_G*N!∫ _I_G*NNN pÔÎÈÔËÎÐÇÏıÐÙÔÐÎÐÉÏÐÅÝÍÐÅÝËÆQÎÈÒÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞÔÕ ÉÈ ÓÆÃÊÞ ÎÈÉÇÕ Ó×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔÞà Ë ÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÐÌ Ó×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔÞà ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÙÔÐËÆÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÈÓÍËÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆÆÈÓÔËÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐ Q±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ oÄÑÒËÎÈÒ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÑÐÆÓÈÎÕÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÕÇÍÃßÔÐÐÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÆÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËËËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄƱÄÙÈÓÔÆÈßÍÈÎÈÏÔÐÆÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÈÌÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÅÒÄÔÞ ÔÐÍޱРQÎÈÒÏÝÈ ÚÄÒÝ Ó ØÈÏÔÒÐÎ Æ ÏÄÙÄÍÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔdÑÒÐÙÈÎÈÓÍËÑÒËÎÈÏËÔÞ±ÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÐÎÕËÏÔÈÒÄÍÕÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÇÄÏÏÐÈÆÑ ËÑÐÏËÎÄÔÞÐÇÏÐÎÈÒÏÝÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍrËÎÄÏÄ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÔÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ÆÎÈÓÔÈ Ó ÈÈ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÎ ÅÕÇÈÔÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÌËÑÒËQ qÕÓÔÞ$N *N ?* NÔÐÇÄ$N ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ Ë Ôı ±Ä± *N µ *N ÔÐ ÓÎ ÒËÓ * N $N `` * NË∫ _I_G*N ∫ _I_G$N∫ _I_G*NpÔÓàÇÄÆÓËÍÕÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ∫ _I_G$N! ∫ _I_G*NNjÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÃÆÔÐÒÕàÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∫ IG$N∫ IµG$N! ∫ _I_G*NNqÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔË ∫ IG$NO ∫ IµG$NÔÐÇÄ ∫ IG$NO∫ IG$N∫ IµG$N! ∫ _I_G*NNËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ∫ IG$N!∫ _I_G*NNoÄÚÈÌ ØÈÍÞà ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÐÍÕÙÈÏËÈ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÑÐÇÐÅÏÐÐÔËÑÄ ÏÈ ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËË I Ä ÇÍà ÖÕϱØËË I fÍà ßÔÐÐ ±ÄÊÄÍÐÓÞ ÅÝ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÐ ÐÔÅÒÐÓËÔÞ ÔÐÙ±Ë Æ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÖÕϱØËÃI ÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃ Æ ÏÕÍÞ ÔÐÇÄ ÏÄ ÐÓÔÄÆÚÈÎÓà ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ ÎÝËÎÈÍËÅÝI IpÇÏıÐÑÐÍÕÙËÆÚÈÈÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÐÉÈÔÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÐÆÐÒà бÄÊÄÔÞÓà ÏÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎ Ä ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÎÝ ÅÕÇÈÎÇÈÌÓÔÆÐÆÄÔÞÐÅ×ÐÇÏÝÎÑÕÔÈÎjÊÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÑÒËÍàÅÐÎÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐLLÎÈͱÐÎÒÄÊÅËÈÏËËτ { ( L } L τÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ$NÓÎÑ ÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÌÓÕÎÎÝrËÎÄÏÄËÎÈÈÎLτL∑ IξLµ ( L!∫ _I_G*NNξL∈(LL LτdÝÅÈÒÈÎ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÈ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ τ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÐ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ $N ÔıËÎ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÆÓÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÝ (L ßÔÐÐ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃËÎÈàÛËÈ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÎÈÒÕ ÔıÉÈ ÅÝÍË ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÎË ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝÎËÑÐhÐÒÇÄÏÕÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎËpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊ ( LÔÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÎÈÒÝ (L∈τ ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× Iξ ! ÆÐ ÆÓÈ× ÔÐÙ±Ä× ξ∈(L qÕÓÔÞ τ ^(L` dÝÅÒÄÆ ÇÍà ÔÈ× (L∉τÕ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×µ(L!ÔÐÙ±ËξL∈(LÔıÙÔÐIξL ÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∑ ′IξLµ ( L!∫ _I_G*NNLÇÈÄÔıÉÈËÆÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎÊÏı«ÚÔÒË׬ÕÓÕÎÎÝÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐ ÓÕÎÎËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÒÄÓÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÍޱРÏÄ ÔÈ ËÏÇȱÓÝ L*NÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× (L ( L qÐÍÐÉËÎ %N `′( LLÓÎÒËÓ pÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐ%N ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ$N%NËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÍÈÉÄÛÈÈÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ $N Ä τ ^ ( L` ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÈÐ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏË*NÈÎ oÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ %N ËÎÈÈÎ I ! Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ I I jÊ ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÏËÉÏÈÌ ÓÕÎÎÝ fÄÒÅÕ V τrËÓÖÕϱØËË I ÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ %N ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ V τ O ∫ IG*N N pÔÓàÇÄ ÑÒË _τ_ { ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐËÎÈÈÎÙÔÐ∫ IG%NO∫ _I_G*NNiÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐIO´_I_ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ∫ IG*NO´∫ _I_G*NsÍÐÉËÆÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÑÐÍÕÙËÎ∫ IG%N∫ IG*NONqÕÓÔÞ'N %N`*NN pÙÈÆËÇÏÐ'N ¶ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐË*Nµ'Nµ*NN dÓËÍÕÔÐÐÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ%NË*NÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃÔı±Ä±ÏÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ$NË*NËÊËÎÈÈÎ∫IG'NONÐÔ±ÕÇÄOLP ∫ IG'N N→jÊƱÍàÙÈÏËÃÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ'NN ÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛÕà ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ *Ôı ±Ä± ÔıÐÆÐÌ ÃÆÍÃÍÄÓÞ ÊÄÇÄÏÏÄà ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞ *NN ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍ∫ IG*ÒÄÓ×ÐÇËÔÓÃjÔıÇÍñÒÄÔÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔÞÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄ ∫ IG*ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÄÈÐÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÐÌÓ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔËuqrbhogojgiÄÎÈÏËÆÆÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏË˱ÒÄÔÏÐÐÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÆÓàÇÕÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÐÅÍÄÓÔÃÎËÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄà ÔÐÍޱРÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛËÈ ÇÄÏÏÕà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË ÓÐÓÔÐÃÛËÈ ÔÐÍޱРËÊ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ ÑбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ Ë ÑÒËÔıÐΫÅÐÍÈÈÕʱÐάÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏË˱ÒÄÔÏÐÐÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÓÐ×ÒÄÏÃÈÔÓÃÄÏÄÍÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ¯ÇÌÐÔÐÒÝÇÅÇÐÎÇÔÒÊÙÇÓÌÊÇÊÖÊÉÊÙÇÓÌÊÇÑÒÊÍÐÈÇÏÊáÌÒÂÔÏÝ×ÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÐÄ ¤ÝÙÊÓÍÇÏÊÇÑÍÐÛÂÆÇËÊÐÃÜÇÎÐÄqÕÓÔÞ ( ¶ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ Æ 5Q lı ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐ ÓÎÑ µ( ∫ G(tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàQ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÙËÓÍÃÔÞÎÈÒÕËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÆQÎÈÒÏÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÑÍÐÛÄÇÞ ¶ Æ ÇÆÕ×ÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÐÅÜÈÎ ¶ Æ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÎ gÓÍË Q±ÒÄÔÏÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÓÆÈÓÔË ± ÑÐÆÔÐÒÏÐÎÕ ÓÎ ÔÐÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÈ ÎÈÒÝ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ( QÎÈÒÏÐÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄÓÆÈÇÈÔÓñÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËàQ´±ÒÄÔÏÐÐËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄqÕÓÔÞ ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ' µ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÆ Q ´ ÎÈÒÏÐÎ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ Ë 5 [Q µ[ [Q I[ Qµ[Qµ ¶ÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÄÃÖÕϱØËÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÄÃËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÃÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËË 'ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ'Ä* ^[ [[Q[[Qµ∈' [Q I[[Qµ`ÔıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ * ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà QÎÈÒÏÝÎ ÄÏÄÍÐÐÎ ±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌÔÒÄÑÈØËËÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÏÐÌÏÄÎËÆÑ tÐÇĵ* ∫G* ∫G'∫G[Q ∫I[[QµG'Q µ ÒÄÊÔ ÈI[[Q´µ* ∫ ∫ I[[QµG[G[Qµ'nÈÒÕ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝ× ÏÈ ÐÅÃÊÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ× ÑÐ hÐÒÇÄÏÕÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝ×ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 5Q Q O ÈÓÍË ÈÈ ÑÐÏËÎÄÔÞ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÑ ËÔ È±Ä±ÏËÉÏààÎÈÒÕhÐÒÇÄÏĵÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÙËÓÍËÔÞ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆ fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÕÓÔÞ * ¶ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÈ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ Æ 5Q Ë *NN ¶ÑÐÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔÞÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ËÊÎÈÒËÎÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ÎÐÏÐÔÐÏÏÐ ËÓÙÈÒÑÝÆÄàÛË× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ * ÓÎ Ñ tÐÇÄ ±Ä± ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐ ÓÎ Ñ OLP µ*N µ* oÐ Æ ÓËÍÕN→µ*N ∫ G*NÑÐßÔÐÎÕµ* OLP ∫ G*NN→qÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÉÈ ±ÒÄÔÏÐÐ ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÄOLP ∫G*N ∫G*tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎN→µ* ∫G*ÇÈËÏÔÈÒÄÍÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÑÐÏËÎÄÈÔÓÃÆÐÐÅÛÈÐÆÐÒÃÄËÎÈÏÏÐÈÓÍË*ÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃËÊÎÈÒËÎÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔÞà±Ä±ÏÈÓÐÅÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÌoÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÃÐÅÜÈÎÐÆÔÈÍÙÄÓÔÐбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÕÇÐÅÏÝÎÎÈÔÐÇÓÈÙÈÏËÌÓÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ¶ÊÉÊÙÇÓÌÊÇÑÒÊÍÐÈÇÏÊáÌÒÂÔÏÝ×ÊÏÔÇÅÒÂÍÐÄsÑÐÎÐÛÞà±ÒÄÔÏÝ×ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÆÎÐÉÏÐÆÝÙËÓÍËÔÞÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝÈÖËÊËÙÈÓ±ËÈÆÈÍËÙËÏÝÎÄÓÓÕËÊÄÒÃÇÔÈÍÄØÈÏÔÒÔÃÉÈÓÔËÎÐÎÈÏÔËÏÈÒØËËÑÐÔбÉËDZÐÓÔËoÄÌÇÈΠƱÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÑÒËÎÈÒÄØÈÏÔÒÔÃÉÈÓÔË ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌÖËÕÒÝqÕÓÔÞÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐ̱ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ÒÄÓÑÐÍÐÉÈÏÏÐÌÆÑÈÒÆÐαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐαÆÄÇÒÄÔÈÔ È ÆÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈÔÐÙȱ[ \ Æ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× [ ! \ ! ÒÄÓÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÄà ÎÄÓÓÄ ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÐÆÐÒÃ Ó ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÔÏÐÓÔÞàρ[\Ô ÈÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËË * ÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ÊÄÇÄÏÄÏȱÐÔÐÒÄÃÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÄÃ Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄà ÖÕϱØËà ρ[ \ pÅÍÄÓÔÞ * ÓÒÄÓÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÌÆÏÈÌÎÄÓÓÐÌÅÕÇÈÎÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ×ÌÖÓÑÍ6ÄÆÈÍËÙËÏÕ0 ∫ ∫ ρ[\G[G\*¶ÈÈÏÅÔÔÑÍgÓÍËρ[\ ¶ÏÈÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÌÏÕÍÞÔÐ0!pÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎ Ë ÏÄÌÇÈÎ ØÈÏÔÒ ÔÃÉÈÓÔË ÖËÕÒÝ 6 dÐÊÞÎÈαıÐÈÍËÅÐ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ τ ^*L` L N ÐÅÍÄÓÔË * ÓÎÑ nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ *L Ó ÒÄÓÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÌ Æ ÏÈÎ ÎÄÓÓÐÌ ÑÍÐÔÏÐÓÔËρ[\[\∈*LÏÄÊÐÆÈÎÖËÕÒÐÌ6LdÝÅÈÒÈÎÑÐÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈξLηL∈*LdÈÍËÙËÏÕPL ρξLηLµ*LÏÄÊÐÆÈÎÑÒËÅÍËÉÈÏÏÝÎ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈÎ ÎÄÓÓÝ ÖËÕÒÝ 6L ÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÓÔÞ ÔıÐÐÏÄÊÆÄÏËÃÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝdÈÍËÙËÏÝÉÈPLξLË PLηL ÏÄÊÐÆÈÎ ÑÒËÅÍËÉÈÏÏÝÎË ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÎË ÓÔÄÔËÓÔËÙÈÓ±Ë×ÎÐÎÈÏÔÐÆ ÖËÕÒÝ 6L L N ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ× ÐÓÈÌ 2\ Ë 2[ ÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÓÔÞ ßÔÐÐ ÏÄÊÆÄÏËÃÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐÓÔÄÔËÙÈÓ±ËÎËÎÐÎÈÏÔÄÎËÎÄÔÈÒËÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÎÄÓÓÝ P Ó ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎË [ \ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÓÈÌ 2[ Ë 2\ ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÆÈÍËÙËÏÝ P\ Ë P[ ÓÎ Ñ oıÐÏÈØÆÈÍËÙËÏÝNN6Ø(τ) ∑ ηL PL ∑ ηL ρξLηLµ*LLLNN6\(τ) ∑ ξL PL ∑ ξL ρξLηLµ*LLLÏÄÊÐÆÈÎ ÑÒËÅÍËÉÈÏÏÝÎË ÓÔÄÔËÙÈÓ±ËÎË τÎÐÎÈÏÔÄÎË ÖËÕÒÝ6ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÐÓÈÌ2[Ë2\ÄË×ÑÒÈÇÈÍÝÑÒË_τ_{OLP 6Øτ 6Ø OLP 6\τ 6\τ →τ →¶ ÔÕÅÕÌÚÉÔ²ÌÏÌ ÏÑÏÉÐÕÅÏÌ ×ÌÖÓÞ 6 ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÓÈÌ2[ Ë 2\ ÔË ÑÒÈÇÈÍÝ ÑÒË ÓÇÈÍÄÏÏÝ× ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃ× ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐ6ØτË6\τÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝÎËÓÕÎÎÄÎËrËÎÄÏÄÇÍÃÖÕϱØËÌ\ρ[\Ë[ρ[\ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ6Ø ∫ ∫ \ρ[\G[G\6\ ∫ ∫ [ρ[\G[G\**°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ tÑÚ²Å[\ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÙÉÐÕÓÑÏÕÄÊÉÔÕÌÙÉÐÕÓÑÏÏÅÔÔÙÉÐÕÓÑÏÌÐÉÓÙÌÌ×ÌÖÓÞ6ÉÔÎÌÔÕÅÕÌÚÉÔ²ÌÉ ÏÑÏÉÐÕÞ ÑÕÐÑÔÌÕÉÎßÐÑ ²ÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÐÞØ ÑÔÉÍ ÏÅÕÉÓÌÅÎßÐÑÍÕÑÚ²ÌÏÅÔÔÞ0ÓÅÇÐÑÍÏÅÔÔÉÇÔÉÍ×ÌÖÓÞ6ÌÐÅØÑÈÄÜÉÍÔÄÇÕÑÚ²É[\ÓÅÇÐÞÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÖáÜÌÏÔÕÅÕÌÚÉÔ²ÌÏÏÑÏÉÐÕÅÏ×ÌÖÓÞ6Õ ÉÉÔÎÌ0[ 6\0\ 6ØjÊÖÐÒÎÕÍËÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎ∫ ∫ [ρ[\ G[ G\∫ ∫ \ρ[\ G[ G\**[ \ ∫ ∫ ρ ( [\ ) G[ G\∫ ∫ ρ ( [\ ) G[ G\**uqrbhogojgfбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐØÈÏÔÒÔÃÉÈÓÔËÖËÕÒÝÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔd ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ ÑÒËÎÈÒÄ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ «±ÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÕà ÔÒÄÑÈØËଠ* ÑÐÒÐÉÇÈÏÏÕà ÒÄÖ˱ÄÎË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ× ÏÈÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌI[ËJ[PJ[ I[DP[PE* ^[\D [ EJ[ \ I[`qÕÓÔÞρ[\tı±Ä± ∫ ∫ G[G\µ*ÔÐE*I[E [G[G\ ∫ [G[ ∫ G\ ∫ >I[´J[@[G[[ µ* ∫*∫µ* Dµ*DJ[EI[E \G[G\ ∫ G[ ∫ \G\ ∫ >I [´J[@G[\ µ*µ* ∫*∫µ* DDJ[ÐÔÓàÇÄEEDDπ\ µ* π ∫ I[G[´π ∫ J[G[iÇÈÓÞÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÔÐËÔÐÅÜÈÎÔÈÍÄÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÐÐÆÒÄÛÈÏËÈαÒËÆÐÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÔÒÄÑÈØËË*ÆбÒÕÐÓË2[nÝÑÒËÚÍ˱ÐÆ Ô Ð Ò Ð ÌÔ È Ð Ò È Î Èe Õ Í Þ Ç Ë Ï Ä´ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÔÇÐÒÇΠ¥ÕÍÞÆÊÏ pÆÝÉÏ ÕÉÎÅ ÒÑÎÖÚÉÐÐÑÑÇÓÅÜÉÐÌÉÏ ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÍ ×ÌÖÓÞ ÇѲÓÖ ÐÉ ÒÉÓÉÔɲÅáÜÉÍ ÉÉ ÑÔÌÓÅÇÉÐÒÓÑÌËÇÉÈÉÐÌáÒÎÑÜÅÈÌàÕÑÍ×ÌÖÓÞÐÅÈÎÌÐÖѲÓÖÊÐÑÔÕÌÑÒÌÔÅÐÐÑÍÙÉÐÕÓÑÏÕÄÊÉÔÕÌ×ÌÖÓÞ± Ò Ê Î Ç Ò dÝÙËÓÍËÎÓ ÑÐÎÐÛÞàÆÔÐÒÐÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÝeÕÍÞÇËÏÄÐÅÜÈε4ÔÐÒÄ4ÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÐÐÆÒÄÛÈÏËÈαÒÕÄ[´D\PU UPDÆбÒÕÐÓË2\µ4 πDπU πDU ¿ÍÇÎÇÏÔÝÔÇÐÒÊÊÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÇË ¤ÇÌÔÐÒÏÝÇÖÕÏÌØÊÊÏÇÓÌÐÍÞÌÊ×ÑÇÒÇÎÇÏÏÝ×qÕÓÔÞÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË5ÊÄÇÄÏÄÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÄÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ X Y ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ; µ 5 Ë ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È 0XY∈;ÑÐÓÔÄÆÍÈÏÆÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆËÈÆȱÔÐÒU0 UXY∈ 5tıËÈÖÕϱØËËÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃÆȱÔÐÒÏÝÎËÖÕϱØËÃÎËÇÆÕ×ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×XYbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÓÍÕÙÄà ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌ ÖÕϱØËË ÐÇÏÐÌ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÌÓÎ ÇÍà ÏË× ÆÆÐÇÃÔÓà ÑÐÏÃÔËà ÑÒÈÇÈÍÄ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÔÐ ÅÝÍÐ ÕÉÈ ÓÇÈÍÄÏÐ ÒÄÏÞÚÈ Æ Ë ÇÄÉÈÆÅÐÍÈÈÐÅÛÈÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌI({5P(µ5QoÄÑÐÎÏËÎ ßÔË ÑÐÏÃÔËÃ Æ ÔÈ× ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ× ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÅÕÇÕÔÊÇÈÓÞÕÑÐÔÒÈÅÍÃÔÞÓÃÇÍÃÓÍÕÙÄÃÖÕϱØËÌUXYdȱÔÐÒDÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÑÒÈÇÈÍÐÎÑÒËXY{XYÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌÖÕϱØËËUXYÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÏÄÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ(µ5ÈÓÍËÇÍÃÍàÅÐÐ ε ! ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔıÐÈ δ ! ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× X Y∈(ÇÍñÐÔÐÒÝ×_X´X_ δ_Y´Y_ δÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ_UXY´D_ εdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÑËÚÕÔOLPUXY D( XY ) → ( X Y )vÕϱØËÃUXYÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÍÇÕÑÚ²ÉXYÈÓÍËUXY UXYOLP( XY ) → ( X Y )gÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà UX Y ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄ Æ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë∂U Æ ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÐÑÒÈX Y ÔÐ ÈÈ ÙÄÓÔÏÄà ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÄà UX ∂XÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÎ∂UX Y ∂XGUXY GX UXXY XXbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓÃ Ë ÇÒÕËÈ ÙÄÓÔÏÝÈ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈÑÈÒÆÐÐ Ë ÆÝÓÚË× ÑÐÒÃDZÐÆ qÒË ßÔÐÎ ÍȱРÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓà ÓÎÑ ÙÔÐÈÓÍËÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ5ÆÆÈÇÈÏÄÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÄÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ[\]ËU XY [XY\XY]X Y ÖÕϱØËË [X Y \X Y ]X Y ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÎËÖÕϱØËÃÎËÔÐ∂ Q UXY∂ Q [XY ∂ Q \XY ∂ Q ]XY N Q ∂X N ∂Y Q µ N ∂X N ∂Y Q µ N ∂X N ∂Y Q µ N ∂X N ∂Y Q µ NdȱÔÐÒÏÄà ÖÕϱØËà U X Y ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍÇÕÑÚ²ÉXYÈÓÍËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔıËÈÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÝÈÆȱÔÐÒÝDËEÙÔÐ∆U UXY´UXY D∆XE∆Yε∆X∆YρOLP ε∆X∆Y ∆X X´X∆Y Y´Yρρ→∆X ∆Y bÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ Ó±ÄÍÃÒÏÐÎÕ ÓÍÕÙÄà ÍȱРÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓà ÙÔÐ Æ∂UX Y ∂UX Y E ËÔıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÐÑÕßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈD ∂X∂YÓ±ÄÈÎÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÄÒÕÎÈÏÔÄ∂U∂U GX GYHρ∆U ∂XOLP H GXvÕϱØËÃ∂Yρ→GHI∆XGYGHI∆Y∂U∂U GX GYGU ∂X∂YÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÅÎÑÏ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍ ×ÖвÙÌÌUXYÆÇÄÏÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈjÊÖÐÒÎÕÍËÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ∆U GUHρ OLP H ρ→qÐÇÐÅÏÐÓ±ÄÍÃÒÏÐÎÕÓÍÕÙÄàÇÍÃÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌÖÕϱØËËUXYËÎÈàÛÈÌ Æ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë X Y ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈ ÙÄÓÔÏÝÈÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈÇÐÑÐÒÃDZÄQƱÍàÙËÔÈÍÞÏÐËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄtÈÌÍÐÒÄQ NG UXYRρQρ{UXY ∑ N NÇÈGNUXY GX ∂ GY ∂ ∂X∂YRρQGHI{N}UXYH∆X∆YρQ OLP H∆X∆Y ρ→vÐÒÎÕÍÕ tÈÌÍÐÒÄ ÇÍà ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌ ÖÕϱØËË ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆ ÒÄÊÍÐÉÈÏËÈ ÑÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ tÈÌÍÐÒÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÆȱÔÐÒÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌËÍËÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÒÄÓÓÕÉÇÄÃÑÐÄÏÄÍÐËËÓÐÓ±ÄÍÃÒÏÝÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÎgÓÍË ÆȱÔÐÒ UX Y∈5 ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞ ±Ä± ÒÄÇËÕÓÆȱÔÐÒÔÐ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÄà ÖÕϱØËà UX Y ÊÄÇÄÈÔ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ( ÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÐÏÄ ÊÄÇÄÏÄ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ 5 ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÈX Y∈( ÐÏÄ ÓÔÄÆËÔ Æ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆËÈ ÔÐÙ±Õ UX Y ¶ ±ÐÏÈØ ÒÄÇËÕÓÄÆȱÔÐÒÄUXY ¿ÍÇÎÇÏÔÂÒÏÝÇÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊcÕÇÈÎÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÑÍÐÓ±Ë×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌËË×ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÌÏÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈÐÅÍÄÓÔËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞà Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ 5 pÅÍÄÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÎ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔޱıÑÒÄÆËÍÐÅÕ±ÆÐÌ'ÄË×ÒÄÏËØձıÐÅÝÙÏÐ∂'°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ ÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßáÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÉÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉI'→5ËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÄ'ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ'ÇÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÑ5ÅÑÆÓÅËI'ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÅ'ÇÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÉ5ÒÓÌÓÅÔÔÏÅÕÓÌÇÅÉÏÑÏÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÌ ¶ÐÑÔÌÕÉÎÉÏàÕÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎI0∈50∈ 'µ5qÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËË ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÈÔÓà ÙÔÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÝÎ tÐÙ±Ä ÏÐÓËÔÈÍà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ±ÐÔÐÒÕà ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄàÔÓà ÑÐ ±ÒÄÌÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÈ ÇÆÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÊÄÎݱÄÏËà ' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ²ÓÅÕÐÑÍ ÕÑÚ²ÑÍ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÍËÈÈÔÐÙ±ÐÌÔÅÏÑÒÉÓÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÄtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÈÓÍËÔÐÙ±Ä3ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÒÄÔÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÔÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÑÐ ±ÒÄÌÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÈ ÇÆÈ ÔıËÈÔÐÙ±Ë0∈ ' Ë0∈ 'ÙÔÐI0 I0 3pÔÄÏÍGRPDLQ ¶ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞgÓÍË ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÈ ËÎÈÈÔ ±ÒÄÔÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱ Ô È ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ ' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ 5 ÔÐ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÒÓÑÔÕÑÍd ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË 5 ÆÓÈÇÄ ÅÕÇÈÔ ÆÆÈÇÈÏÄ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒXYdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÅÕÇÈÎÕÑÐÔÒÈÅÍÃÔÞÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÈÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃGHIU XYI00 XYtÈÎÓÄÎÝÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÅÕÇÈÔÊÄÑËÓÝÆÄÔÞÓÃÆÆËÇÈU XY∈5XY∈ 'ËÍËÆÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈUXY∈5XY∈ ' UX Y ¶ ±ÐÏÈØ ÒÄÇËÕÓÄÆȱÔÐÒÄ UX Y qÒË ÔıÐÌ ÊÄÑËÓËßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝÈXYÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓòÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÅÏÌÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌËÍËÈÈÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÅÏÌgÓÍËÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ5ÊÄÇÄÏÄÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÄÃÓËÓÔÈÎıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔËÏÐÇÄÅÕÇÈÎÆÝÅËÒÄÔÞÈÈÓÑÈØËÄÍÞÏÝÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎËÓ×ÐÇÃËÊØÈÍÈ̱ÐÔÐÒÝÈÓÔÄÆÃÔÓÃÑÒËËÊÕÙÈÏËËßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÔÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞ Æ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÎÆËÇÈÇÈ[ [XY\ \XY] ]XYXY∈ ' I0UXY [XY\XY]XYpÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃËÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÄÏÌ àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌgÓÍËÊÄÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÝXËYÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÎÐÉÏÐÆÊÃÔÞÇÆȱıËÈÍËÅÐ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ 5 ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ [ Ë \ ÔÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎÐÉÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÔı] I[\[\∈ ' ÊÇÈÓÞ[ X\ Y] I[\tıÐÈÊÄÇÄÏËÈßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÄÇÐÞÏÓÏÐÙÔÐßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞËÎÈàÛÄÃÃÆÏÐÈÊÄÇÄÏËÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÌßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞàd ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÅÕÇÕÔ ËÊÕÙÄÔÞÓà ÑÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÞÏÝÈ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝ× ±ÍÄÓÓÐÆ ÓÐÓÔÐÃÛË×ËÊ«ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÍÄDZË×¬Ô ÈÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÈÙËÓÍÐÒÄÊÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎÑÐÏÃÔËÈQÒÄÊÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà Q ÒÄÊ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÈÓÍË ÆȱÔÐÒÏÄà ÖÕϱØËà ËÍË ÙÔÐ ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË ÊÄÇÄàÛËÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈQÒÄÊÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËË 'ÐÅÍÄÓÔË'oÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔÞÙÄÓÔÏÝ×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÆÊÄÎݱÄÏËË ' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÑÐÏËÎÄÈÔÓÃ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÐÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏËÃßÔË×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÓÐÅÍÄÓÔË'ÏÄÈÈ ÒÄÏËØÕ ∂' ÓÎ Ñ d ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÈÓÍË Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÈÒÄÏËØݱıÄÃÍËÅÐÙÄÓÔÏÄÃÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÄÃÅÝÔÞÎÐÉÈÔÐÇÏÐÓÔÐÒÐÏÏÃÃÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÆÐÅÝÙÏÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈÔÐÈÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÎÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÎÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏËÈÎÓÎÔÄÎÉÈÕÑÒÄÉÏÈÏËȱ Ò Ê Î Ç Ò fÍà ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌ ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎ[ 5 FRVψ FRV ϕ\ 5 FRV ψ VLQ ϕ] 5 VLQ ψPϕPπ´πPψP π ÈÈÏÐÓËÔÈÍÈÎÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÓÖÈÒÄÓØÈÏÔÒÐÎÆÏÄÙÄÍȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔËÒÄÇËÕÓÐÎ5dÈÓÞÎÈÒËÇËÄÏϕ ßÔÐÌÓÖÈÒÝÓÐÓÔÐËÔËʱÒÄÔÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱjÏÐÇÄ ÔÈÒÎËÏ «ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ¬ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÃ×ÇÈßÔÐÏÈÎÐÉÈÔÑÒËÆÈÓÔ˱ÏÈÇÐÒÄÊÕÎÈÏËàÕÑÐÔÒÈÅÍÃÈÔÓÃËÆÓÎÝÓÍÈ«ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔˬ ¿ÌÄÊÄÂÍÇÏÔÏÝÇßÍÇÎÇÏÔÂÒÏÝÇÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔʱÂÒÂÎÇÔÒÊÙÇÓÌÊÉÂÆÂÏÏÝÇÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊgÓÍË ÆÓÑÐÎÏËÔÞ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÓÎ Ñ Ë ÔÐÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Ð±ÄÉÈÔÓà ÄÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÎÑÐÏÃÔËà ÑÕÔË lÒËÆÄà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÍÄÓÞ ±Ä± ±ÍÄÓÓ Æ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ×ÑÕÔÈÌqÐÇÐÅÏÝÎÉÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÓÙËÔÄÔÞ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÎËÎÈÉÇÕÓÐÅÐÌËÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÞÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔޱı±ÍÄÓÓß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ×ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ ÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÅÄÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßI0∈50∈ 'ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄà²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÑÍàÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌI0∈50∈ ' ËÈÉÔß'Ì' ¶ÒÎÑÔ²ÌÉÑÆÎÅÔÕÌÉÔÎÌÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕŲÑÉÑÏÉÑÏÑÓ×ÐÑÉÔÏÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÉÐÌÉÇÒ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ)ËÅϲÐÖÕÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ 'ÐÅËÅϲÐÖÕÖáÑÆÎÅÔÕß ' ÒÓ̲ÑÕÑÓÑÏÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÌÉÕÑÚ²ÌÒÉÓÉØÑÈÄÕÇÑÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÌÉÅÓÅÐÌÚÐÞÉ ¶Ç ÓÅÐÌÚÐÞÉ Õ É'ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÅÉÕÔÄ ÐÅ'Å∂' ¶ÐÅ∂' ÌÈÎIJÅÊÈÑÍÕÑÚ²Ì0∈'ÇÞÒÑÎÐÄÉÕÔÄÓÅÇÉÐÔÕÇÑI0 I)0Õ ÉI I ° )d ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ) ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎ ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃàÛËÎß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔÞßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞà ËÍË ÙÔÐ ÔÐ ÉÈ ÓÄÎÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà I Ó ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎ I gÓÍË I ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐ I ÔÐÑËÚÕÔI∼Is×ÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±Ë ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌÎÐÉÏÐ ËÊÐÅÒÄÊËÔÞ ÇËÄÒÄÎÎÐÌ ÇÈ ÓÔÒÈͱÄÎË ËÊÐÅÒÄÉÈÏÝÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ Ë ÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÕÔËÏÄÇËÄÒÄÎÎÈ5II)''pÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐdÔIJÑÉÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉà²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÑ ÔÅÏÑÏÖ ÔÉÆÉI∼IÊÇÈÓÞ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎ ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃàÛËÎ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔÞ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ µ Ó Æ Ð Ì Ó Ô Æ Ð Ò È ÖÍ È ± Ó Ë Æ Ï Ð Ó Ô Ë gÔÎÌ I ∼ I ÕÑ I ∼ I µ Ó Æ Ð Ì Ó Ô Æ Ð Ó Ë Î Î È Ô Ò Ë ÙÏ Ð Ó Ô Ë gÔÎÌ I ∼ I Ì I ∼ I ÕÑ I ∼ I µ Ó Æ Ð Ì Ó Ô Æ Ð Ô Ò Ä ÏÊ Ë Ô Ë Æ Ï Ð Ó Ô ËgÓÍË I Ë I ¶ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÊÄαÏÕÔÝ×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ 'Ë ' ÔÐËÊÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÐÅÒÄÊÝ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ ' Ë ' ÑÒË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ× I Ë IÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔI ' I 'Ô È ÇÆÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÈ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ËÎÈàÔÐÇËÏıÐÆÝÌÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞiÄÎÈÔËÎÈÛÈÙÔÐÕÓÍÐÆËÃÏÄÍÐÉÈÏÏÝÈÏÄß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÆÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËËÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝjÎÈÏÏÐËÊÔÐÐÙÔÐ ) ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÎÈÐÎÐÒÖÏÝÎ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'ÏÄÊÄαÏÕÔÕàÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ' ÏÈÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÐÏÐÑÈÒÈÆÐÇËÔ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÆÐ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈ oÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÈÓÍË '^XYXY ` ¶±ÒÕÄ' ^XY XY ` ¶±ÒÕÓ«ÆݱÐÍÐÔÝάØÈÏÔÒÐÎÔÐÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÃÆÍÃàÛÈÈÓà ÐÎÈÐÎÐÒÖÏÝÎ ' ÏÄ ' ÑÈÒÈÆÐÇËÔÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏàà ÔÐÙ±Õ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' Æ ÒÄÏËÙÏÕà ÔÐÙ±Õ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË'qÈÒÈÌÇÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞ±ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ dÔIJÌÍ ²ÎÅÔÔ 6 à²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÞØ àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÞØÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßáÌÎÌÆÑÎÉÉÒÑÈÓÑÆÐÑÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÍÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÌÚÉÔ²ÌËÅÈÅÐÐÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßálÄÉÇÄà ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ËÊ ßÔÐÐ ±ÍÄÓÓÄ Ô ÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ U X Y X Y∈ ' ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉÏÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÔÒÐÌ±Ä ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË× ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌ ¶ÈȲÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÐÞÏÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉÏÄÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÄà ÆȱÔÐÒÏÄà ÖÕϱØËà ¶ ÈÈ ÇɲÕÑÓÐÞÏÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉÏpÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓñÄÉÇÝÎ ËÊ ÓÆÐË× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌ Ôı ±Ä± ÈÓÍË ËÎÈÈÔÓà ±Ä±ÄÃÏËÅÕÇÞ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÔÐ ÆÓÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÈÈÌßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓÃÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃàÛË× ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔÞtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÊÄÇÄÔÞ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÄÇÐ ÊÄÇÄÔÞ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈqÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ6ÊÄÇÄÏÏÕà±Ä±ËÎÍËÅÐÓÆÐËÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ÊÄÑËÓÄÏÏÝÎ Æ ÆËÇÈ ËÍË ÅÕÇÈÎÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐÇÏËÎËÊÓÍÈÇÕàÛË×ÓÑÐÓÐÅÐÆ6 ^I00∈ '`6 ^UXYXY∈ '`6 ^UXYXY∈ '`6 ^[XY\XY]XYXY∈ '`fÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÎÐÍÄ ÅÝÔÞ ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ÔÒÈÎà ÑÐÓÍÈÇÏËÎË ÓÑÐÓÐÅÄÎË ÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË 5 ÇÐÍÉÏÄ ÅÝÔÞ ÊÄÇÄÏÄÓËÓÔÈÎıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÇÍÃÔÐÐÙÔÐÅÝÙÈÔÆÈÒÔÝÎ ¶ÈÛÈËÓËÓÔÈÎıÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ 5qÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÄÉÇÝÎ ËÊ ÓÆÐË×ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ßÔÐ ÑÐÊÆÐÍÃÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÙÄÓÔÐ ÐÙÈÏÞ ÕÇÐÅÏÐ ÑÒÄÆÕà ÙÄÓÔÞ ±ÄÉÇÐÐ ËÊ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆ ÑÐÏËÎÄÔÞ Ïȱı ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ÆÓÈ× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 Ä ±Ä±ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈÆÑÐÍÏÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÈÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈgÓÍËU XYXY∈ 'ËρXYXY∈ ' ¶ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃÐÇÏÐÌËÔÐÌÉÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÔÐÆÓñÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃàÛÈÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔÞ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà UX Y Ó ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎρXYƱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÊÄÑËÓËËÎÈÈÔÆËÇX ϕXYY ψXYXY∈ 'XY∈ 'ËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÈÑÒÖÔÕÌÏÞÏÒÓÉÑÆÓÅËÑÇÅÐÌÉÏÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÑÇXYlı ÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞ ÆÝÚÈ ÇÆÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÎÈàÔ ÐÇËÏ Ë ÔÐÔ ÉÈ ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÏÐÓËÔÈÍË ÆÓÈ× ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ Ô ÈßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ× ÎÈÉÇÕ ÓÐÅÐÌÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔÔÐÇÈÍÄÈÔÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ pÆÜÌÍÐÑÔÌÕÉÎßÇÔÉØàÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÞØÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ ÔÑÔÕÅÇÎÄáÜÌØ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕß ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÐÑÔÌÕÉÎÉÏàÕÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌpÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÙÔÐÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÔÐÙ±ÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËtÑÚ²ÑÍ àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ I ' → 5 ÏÄÊÐÆÈÎÑÄÒÕ03ÇÈ0∈ '3 I0∈ 5Ô ÈÔÐÙ±Õ0ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' Ë ÈÈ ÐÅÒÄÊ 3 ÑÒË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË I lÐÒÐԱРÔÐÙ±Ä ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË I ' → 5 ÐÅÝÙÏÐ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓà I0ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ U X Y ËÍË [ X Y \ X Y ] X Y ÇÈ0 X Y∈ 'oÑÔÌÕÉÎÉÏ ÕÑÚ²Ì I0 àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÄÃÔÐÙ±Ä3 I0∈ 5°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÞÉ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ Ìà²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÞÏÉÊÈÖÔÑÆÑÍÌÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ) '{ ' ÑÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÎÄÉÕÌØà²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÑÔÕßtÑÚ²ÅI0àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ à²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É I0àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÉÔÎÌ0 )0dßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÅÕÇÈÎÑËÓÄÔÞI0∼I0mȱРÑÒÐÆÈÒËÔÞ ÙÔÐ ßÔÐ ÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔËÐÅÍÄÇÄÈÔÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÎÒÈÖÍȱÓËÆÏÐÓÔËÓËÎÎÈÔÒËÙÏÐÓÔËËÔÒÄÏÊËÔËÆÏÐÓÔË I0∼I0 gÔÎÌI0∼I0ÕÑI0∼I0 gÔÎÌI0∼I0ÌI0∼I0ÕÑI0∼I0pÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÙÔÐ ËÊ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏËà ÕÓÍÐÆËÌ Ë ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÇÆÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ× ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌËÎÈàÔÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ5ÐÇËÏËÔÐÔÉÈÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ lÅÊÈÞÍ ²ÎÅÔÔ ^I0` à²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÞØ ÏÉÊÈÖÔÑÆÑÍ ÕÑÚɲ àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÞØ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ ÔÑÔÕÅÇÎÄáÜÌØÐɲÑÕÑÓÖáÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÕÑÚ²ÑÍàÕÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÅÌØÑÆÜÌÍÐÑÔÌÕÉÎß ¶ÐÑÔÌÕÉÎÉÏàÕÑÍÕÑÚ²ÌÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌgÓÍË 0 ¶ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃà ÒÄÏËÙÏÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÔÐÔÐÙ±Ä I0 ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÈÈÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÉÍ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ²ÓÅÉÇÑÍ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ lÒÄÈÆÝÈ ÔÐÙ±ËßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ¶ ßÔÐ ÔÈ ÈÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈÊÄÇÄàÔÓà ÓÕÉÈÏËÈÎ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà I ÏÄ ÒÄÏËØÕ ∂' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'sÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ÆÓÈ× ±ÒÄÈÆÝ× ÔÐÙȱ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÈȲÓÅÉÏgÓÍË I0 ∼ I0 Ë 0 ¶ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃà ÒÄÏËÙÏÄà ÔÐÙ±ÄÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË'ÓÎËÔÐÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÔÐÙ±Ä 0 ÔıÉÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÒÄÏËÙÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'tÐÙ±Ä^I0`ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÉÍÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ²ÓÅÉÇÑÍ ÈÈ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ ÈÓÍË ±ÄÉÇÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä 0 Ä ÇÍÃßÔÐÐÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÙÔÐÅÝ×ÐÔÃÅÝÐÇÏÄËÊÏË×ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÒÄÏËÙÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË'ÏıÐÔÐÒÐÌÊÄÇÄÏÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈIsÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÆÓÈ×±ÒÄÈÆÝ×ÔÐÙȱÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÈȲÓÅÉÏÓÏÐÙÔбÒÄÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÓÐÅÐÌÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÆÓÈ×±ÒÄÈÆÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌlÄÉÇÄÃÔÐÙ±Ä^I0`ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÐÔÇÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ I0 Æ×ÐÇÃÛÈÌ Æ ÏÈÈ Ô È Æ±ÍÄÓÓß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ×ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ıÄÉÇÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄI0ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓà ÔÐÙ±ÐÌ 0∈ ' ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐË ÈÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎË ÈÓÍË ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄà ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ±ÄÉÇÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÑÒË ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ±Ä±ÐÐÍËÅÐ ÈÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÆËÇÄ U X Y X Y∈ 'ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÎËÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆXYqÐßÔÐÎÕÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÔÐÙ±ÕÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÆÎÈÓÔÐ^XYU XY`ÅÕÇÈÎÑÒÐÓÔÐÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞUXYËÍËÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ[ XY\ X Y] X YËÍËI0pÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐ ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ÆÓÈ× ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÈÌ ÔÐÙȱ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÈÈÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞtÐÙ±Ä ÏÐÓËÔÈÍà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃàÛÄÃÓà ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÈÎ ÑбÒÄÌÏÈÌÎÈÒÈÇÆÕ×ÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓòÓÅÕÐÑÍ ÕÑÚ²ÑÍËÍËÕÑÚ²ÑÍ ÔÅÏÑÒÉÓÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËgÓÍËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞËÎÈÈÔ×ÐÔÃÅÝÐÇÏÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈI00∈ ' ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐ ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔ ÑÍÐÓ±Õà ÊÄαÏÕÔÕàÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ'ÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ5ÔÐËÆÓÈÇÒÕËÈÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÆÊÄËÎÏÐ ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄàÔ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÈÑÍÐÓ±ËÈ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÈ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÐÏË ÊÄÇÄÏÝ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ d ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÈ ËÎÈÈÔ ±ÒÄÔÏÝ× ÔÐÙȱËÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÒÓÑÔÕÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßáfÍÃÑÒÐÓÔÝ×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈ̱ıËÇÍÃÑÒÐÓÔÝ×ÇÕÔÐÙ±ÄÏÐÓËÔÈÍà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔ ÔÐÙ±Õ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËqÐßÔÐÎÕÎÐÉÏÐÏÈÇÈÍÄÔÞÎÈÉÇÕÏËÎËÒÄÊÍËÙËÃpÔÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ËÎÈàÛÄà ×ÐÔà ÅÝ ÐÇÏÐ ÃÆÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞàqÐÏÃÔËÈß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ×ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌÊÄαÏÕÔÝ×ÑÍÐÓ±Ë×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÆÐÇËÔÞ ÏÈ ÔÐÍޱРÇÍà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌÏÐËÇÍÃÇÒÕË×±ÍÄÓÓÐÆÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÇÍÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ×dÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏË˱ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝÎ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÃÎ ßÔÐ ÑÒËÆÐÇËÔ ± ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÃÎj×ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÅÄÊËÒÕÈÔÓÃÏÄÑÐÏÃÔËËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ×ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ×ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÌpÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎ ßÔÐ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ lı Ë ÒÄÏÞÚÈ ÓÎ Ñ ÑÐÇÖÕϱØËÈÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ Æ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËË ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÎ ÑÐÏËÎÄÔÞ ÔıÕà ÖÕϱØËà ±ÐÔÐÒÄÃËÎÈÈÔÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈÆÓÄÎÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÝÈÏÄÈÈÒÄÏËØÕpÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÞÏ ÈÓÍË ±ÄÉÇÄà ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄÃÖÕϱØËà ÊÄÇÄàÛÄà ßÔÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÓÎ Ñ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÖÕϱØËÈÌ ÏÄ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË qÒË ßÔÐÎ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏÏÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË ÆßÔË×ÓÍÕÙÄÃ×ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄàÔÓÃÔÈÎËÉÈÓËÎÆÐÍÄÎËÙÔÐËËÓ×ÐÇÏÝÈÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÝÈÖÕϱØËËgÓÍËÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈX ϕXYY ψXYÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐ ÏÄ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËË ' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÓÇÈÍÄÏÏÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÚÈÏËàßÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÙÔÐ( ϕψ )ñÐÅËÄÏ ∂ ßÔÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎ Ó∂( XY )ÐÅÍÄÓÔË'ÏÄÈÈÊÄÎݱÄÏËÈ 'ËÈÐÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏËÈÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÎÐÈ( ϕψ )ÔÈÎÉÈÓËÎÆÐÍÐÎ ∂ÔıÉÈÅÕÇÈÔÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞÓÃñÐÅËÄÏÐÎ∂( XY )qÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÕÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÑÐÏËÎÄÔÞ ÑÐÇ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝÎË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÎËfÍÃßÔÐÐÆÆÈÇÈÎÑÐÏÃÔËÈÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÝ×ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ eÑÏÉÑÏÑÓ×ÐÑÉ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ ) ËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÄ 'ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ'ÐÅËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÉ'ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ'ÒÉÓÉÇÑÈÄÜÉÉ ÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÌÉ ÕÑÚ²ÌÇÑ ÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÌÉ Å ÓÅÐÌÚÐÞÉ ¶ÇÓÅÐÌÚÐÞÉ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÓÉÖÎÄÓÐÞÏ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉÏ ËÅϲÐÖÕÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ 'ÐÅËÅϲÐÖÕÖáÑÆÎÅÔÕß 'ÉÔÎ̲ŲÔÅÏÑàÕÑÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ)ÕŲÌÑÆÓÅÕÐÑÉÉÏÖ)µÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÞÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÉÐÐÑÐÅËÅϲÐÖÕÞØÑÆÎÅÔÕÄØ 'Ì 'iÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÆÓñÐÈÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ)ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ËÎÈÈÔ ÆÐ ÆÓÈ× ÔÐÙ±Ä× ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÏÈ ÒÄÆÏÝÌ ÏÕÍàñÐÅËÄÏ fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÑÒË ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËË ) ÐÅÒÄÊ ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌdßÔË×ÔÐÙ±Ä×ÑÒÃÎÐÈËÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ Ë×ñÐÅËÄÏÝ ÏÈ ÎÐÕÔ ÐÅÒÄÔËÔÞÓÃ Æ ÏÕÍÞ ËÅÐ Ë× ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÈÒÄÆÏÐÈÇËÏËØÈÓÎÑ pÔÓàÇÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔРñÐÅËÄÏ ÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà )ÏÈ ÒÄÆÈÏ ÏÕÍà Ë ÏÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÆÓËÍÕ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÐÓÔË Ã±ÐÅËÄÏÐÆ ±Ä± ÑÒÃÎÐÐÔıËÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËà 'Ë )'ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ'Ë)'ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÈßÔË×ñÐÅËÄÏÐÆÒÄÆÏÐÈÇËÏËØÈËÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË '°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕßIÌI ¶ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÞÉ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÄ ËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÍ 'Ì 'ÒÎÑÔ²ÌØÑÆÎÅÔÕÉÍ'Ì'ÇÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÑ5Ì ÒÖÔÕß àÕÌ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÄ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÞ ÇËÅϲÐÖÕÞØÑÆÎÅÔÕÄØ'Ì'pÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÄIÌIÐÅËÞÇÅáÕÔÄà²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÞÏÌ ÑÕÐÑÔÌÕÉÎßÐÑ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÞØÒÓÉÑÆÓÅËÑÇÅÐÌÍÉÔÎÌÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕŲÑÉÓÉÖÎÄÓÐÑÉÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ)ËÅϲÐÖÕÑÍÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ'ÐÅËÅϲÐÖÕÖáÑÆÎÅÔÕß' ÚÕÑÈÎIJÅÊÈÑÍÕÑÚ²Ì0∈ 'ÇÞÒÑÎÐÄÉÕÔÄÖÔÎÑÇÌÉÔÐ ÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔË ÐÅÍÄÇÄÈÔ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎËÒÈÖÍȱÓËÆÏÐÓÔËÓËÎÎÈÔÒËÙÏÐÓÔËËÔÒÄÏÊËÔËÆÏÐÓÔËËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÐÒÐÉÇÄÈÔ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÆÓÈ× ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÝ× ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎËÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃÎËÏıÍÄÓÓÝß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔË°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ dÔIJÑÉ ÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÑ àÎÉÏÉÐÕÅÓÐÞØ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ ËÅÈÅÇÅÉÏÞØ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÞÏÌ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÄÏÌU U XYXY∈ ' ËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÍ ' ÒÎÑÔ²ÌØÑÆÎÅÔÕÉÍ'ÇÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÑ5Ìà²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÞØ ÑÕÐÑÔÌÕÉÎßÐÑ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÞØÒÓÉÑÆÓÅËÑÇÅÐÌÍ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßá Å ²ÅÊÈÑÉ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÉ ¶ ÉÉ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉÏqÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 ^UX Y X Y∈ '`ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄÔÐßÔÐÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐ ±ÄÉÇÐÈ ÈÈ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ U UX Y X Y∈ ' ËÎÈÈÔÙÄÓÔÏÝÈÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈUXËUYÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈÆÐÅÍÄÓÔË'Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÝÈ ÏÄ ÈÈ ÒÄÏËØÕ sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÑÒËÏÃÔÐÎÕ ÓÐÍÄÚÈÏËà ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÈÏÏÝÈ ÖÕϱØËË ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄàÔÓÃÔÈÎË ÉÈ ÓËÎÆÐÍÄÎË ÙÔÐ Ë ÑÒÐÇÐÍÉÄÈÎÝÈ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÎÐÉÏÐÓÙËÔÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÖÕϱØËË UX Ë UY ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ ÏÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'bÏÄÍÐËÙÏÝÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÎÐÉÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÞËÇÒÕËȱÍÄÓÓÝÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÇÆÄÉÇÝÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÈ ËÍË ÆÐÐÅÛÈ Q ÒÄÊ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÄÔıÉÈÑÐÏÃÔËÈË×ÔÐÙ±ËËÏÐÓËÔÈÍÃqÐÇÐÅÏÐ ÔÐÎÕ ±Ä± Æ Ñ ÅÝÍÐ ÐÅÐÅÛÈÏÐ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÐÅÐÅÛËÔÞ Ë ÑÐÏÃÔËÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÔÐÇÈÍÄÈÔÓà ÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ dÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÊÄÎݱÄÏËà ÐÇÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÏÄ ÇÒÕÕà ÑÈÒÈÆÐÇÃÛÈÈÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈÔÐÙ±ËÆÐÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏËÈÒÄÏËÙÏÝÈ ¶ÆÒÄÏËÙÏÝÈÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÓÉÖÎÄÓÐÞÏ Ç ÛÌÓѲÑÏ ÔÏÞÔÎÉ ÈÓÍË ±Ä± ÓÄÎÐ tÐÙÏÈÈßÔÐÓÐÍÄÚÈÏËÈÅÝÍÐÑÒËÏÃÔÐÓÎÑ ÇÍÃÓ±ÄÍÃÒÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÇÍñÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÆȱÔÐÒÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌÑÐßÔÐÎÕÈÐÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÑÒËÏÃÔÞËÇÍÃÓÄÎË×ÆȱÔÐÒÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÌßÔÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÔıËÈÎÕÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËÃ×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌÏıÐÔÐÒÝ×ÐÏËÊÄÇÄÏÝËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÆÓÄÎË×ßÔË×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÃ×gÓÍËÆÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËËÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÝÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÊÄÎÈÏËÔÞ ÏÄ ÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÝÈ Æ ÚËÒбÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈÔÐÑÐÍÕÙËÔÓÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ×ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ×ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌÆÚËÒбÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈnÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËÌ ÑÍÐÓ±Ë× ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ Æ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÈ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ×ÆßÔË×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÃ×Ëß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝ×ÆÚËÒбÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝ× ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÌ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÌÚÉÔ²Ì ËÅÈÅÐÐÑÍ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßá Ç ÛÌÓѲÑÏ ÔÏÞÔÎÉ ÈÓÍË ÓÒÈÇË ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ× ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ×ÐÔà ÅÝÐÇÏÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÆÑÍÐÔÞ ÇÐÒÄÏËØÝqÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÆÚËÒбÐÎ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÐÍÕÓÖÈÒÄ [ \ ] ] O ÊÄÇÄÏÏÄà ÃÆÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ] µ [ µ \ [ \ P ÔÐ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ÏÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐ ÆÑÍÐÔÞ ÇÐÒÄÏËØÝ [ \ ±ÒÕÄ [ \ P pÇÏıРÈÓÍË ßÔÐÔ ±ÒÕÓÑÒÐȱÔËÒÐÆÄÔÞ ËÊ ÔÐÙ±Ë ´ ÏÄ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÕà ÑÐÍÕÓÖÈÒÕ ÔÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÔÓà ÈÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈÆÑÍÐÔÞÇÐÒÄÏËØÝÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐбÒÕÄqÒË ßÔÐÎ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËñÐÔÐÒÝ×ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÝÏÈÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËÃ×ÑÍÐÓ±Ë×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌÄÔÐÍÞ±ÐÏÄÓÄÎË×ÐÅÍÄÓÔÃ×ËÇÄÉÈÏÄÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝ×ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ× tıËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÞÏÌj× ÏÐÓËÔÈÍË ÎÐÕÔ ÅÝÔÞ ÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÝÎË ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎË ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒËÑÈÒÅÐÍÐËÇÝÑÄÒÄÅÐÍÐËÇÝp±ÐÏÙÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÎÐÉÏÐÓ±ÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÌÚÉÔ²ÌËÅÈÅÐÐÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßá ²Å²ÑÑÎÌÆÑ ²ÎÅÔÔÅ ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄ ÐɲÑÕÑÓÅÄÔÑÇѲÖÒÐÑÔÕß à²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÞØ ÏÉÊÈÖ ÔÑÆÑÍ Ç ÑÒÓÉÈÉÎÉÐÐÑÏÔÏÞÔÎÉ ÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÍ ÒÎÑÔ²ÌØ ÑÆÎÅÔÕÉÍ ÌÎÌ ÌØ ËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÍÇ ÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÑ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÏÞØ ÉÉ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÄÏÌqÐÏÃÔËÈ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÐÓÔË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃ Æ ÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ÐÔÆÝÅÐÒıÍÄÓÓÄ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÓÉÑÆÓÅËÑÇÅÐÌÄ ÒÅÓÅÏÉÕÓÑÇ ÑÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÎÄáÜÌÉÒÉÓÉØÑÈÑÕÑÈÐÑÑÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÄÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕ̲ÈÓÖÑÏÖÉÏÖà²ÇÌÇÅÎÉÐÕÐÑÏÖÐÅËÞÇÅáÕÔÄÈÑÒÖÔÕÌÏÞÏÌtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÈÓÍË UX Y X Y∈ ' Ë ρX YX Y∈ ' ¶ ÇÆÄ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÐÇÏÐÌ Ë ÔÐÌ ÉÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐ ±ÍÄÓÓÄ Ä ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈX ϕXYY ψXYÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'ÏÄÊÄαÏÕÔÕà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ' ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝÎ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÎ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱXY∈ 'ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÈÓÎUXY ρϕXYψXYqÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÊÄÇÄÏÏÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÑÒËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐαÍÄÓÓÈ ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝ× ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÌ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÄÉÇÝÎ ÓÆÐËÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÊÄÇÄÔÞÔıÕàÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÊÄÇÄÔÞÍËÚÞÐÇÏÐÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÇÍà ÔıË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ±Ä± Ë ÇÍà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌËÎÈÈÔÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÝÌÓÎÝÓÍË×ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÔÐÍޱРÐÇÏÐÐ Ë× ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃ Ô È ÔÐÍÞ±ÐÐÇÏÐÌ ËÊ ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛË× ÊÄÇÄÏÏÕà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÑÒË ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐбÍÄÓÓÄÐÇÏËÎËÊÓÑÐÓÐÅÐÆÎÐÉÏÐÓÙËÔÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ Æ ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ±ÄÉÇÐÐ ËÊ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆ ÓÔÐËÔ ÏÈ ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÆÓÈ×ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÄÍËÚÞÐÇÏÐËÊÏË×tıÐÅÝÙÏÐÎÝËÅÕÇÈÎÑÐÓÔÕÑÄÔÞbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÓÍÕÙÄà ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÒÏÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÔÈÒÎËÏ«ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ¬ËÏÐÇÄÕÑÐÔÒÈÅÍÃÈÔÓÃÈÓÍËßÔÐÏÈÎÐÉÈÔÑÒËÆÈÓÔ˱ÏÈÇÐÒÄÊÕÎÈÏËàËÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÏÐÓËÔÈÍÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËpÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÑÐÏÃÔËÈÙÄÓÔËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÖÔÕß6 ¶ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßÐɲÑÕÑÓÑѲÎÅÔÔÅÌ I0 ¶²Å²ÑÉÎÌÆÑ ÉÉ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉ 0∈ ' ' ¶ÒÎÑÔ²ÅÄÑÆÎÅÔÕßgÔÎÌ 8 ¶ ÑÆÎÅÔÕß ÔÑÈÉÓÊÅÜÅÄÔÄ Ç ' ÕÑ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÉϲÑÕÑÓÑÍÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÔÖÊÉÐÌÉÑÕÑÆÓÅÊÉÐÌÄIÐÅËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÌ 8 ÑÆÎÅÔÕÌ8ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÚÅÔÕßáÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ6nÐÉÏÐ Æ ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ 8 ÅÒÄÔÞ Ë ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÈ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÍÈÉÄÛÈÈÆ'ËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞÓÕÉÈÏËÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÏÈÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËË8 ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ8ÄÏÄÓÄÎÐÎ8ÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÑÕ²ÓÞÕÖáÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÕàÓÕÉÈÏËÈÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃIÏÄ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÈ 8 ÅÕÇÈÎ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞ ÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÍ ÚÅÔÕßá ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ 6 Ä ËÏÐÇÄ Ë ÑÒÐÓÔÐ ÚÅÔÕßá ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ 6 ÔÄ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕßá ÐÅ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕß 6ÆÓñÐÌÔÐÙ±ËI0ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÇÈ0∈8 ±ÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊÉÂÆÂÏÏÝÇÏÇáÄÏÐpÔÎÈÔËÎ ÈÛÈ ÐÇËÏ ÑÐÇ×ÐÇ ± ÑÐÏÃÔËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË gÓÍË)[ \ ] ¶ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÃ Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔËÖÕϱØËà ÔÐ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÔÐÙȱ ÏÐÓËÔÈÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà)[\] ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßáËÅÈÅÐÐÑÍÐÉÄÇÐÑoÈÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÃÓÞÑÐÇÒÐÅÏÐÏÄÄÏÄÍËÊÈÔıÐÐÑÐÇ×ÐÇıÑÐÏÃÔËàÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÐÔÎÈÔËÎÍËÚÞÙÔÐÆÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÈÓÍËÖÕϱØËÃ)ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÔÐÙ±È[\]ÕÓÍÐÆËÃÎÔÈÐÒÈÎÝÐÏÈÃÆÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÃ× ÓÎ Ñ ÙÄÓÔÞ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë Ô È ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈßÔÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË Ó ÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞà ÇÐÑÕÓ±ÄÈÔ ÃÆÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ Ë ÎÐÉÏÐ Ó±ÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ Æ ßÔÐÌ ÓËÔÕÄØËË ÙÄÓÔÞÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÏÈÃÆÏÐÍбÄÍÞÏÐÓÆÐÇËÔÓñÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÃÆÏÝÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎÓÎÑ tÐÍÞ±ÐÔıÐÌ ÓÍÕÙÄÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ× ÏÈÃÆÏÐ ÆÓÔÒÈÔËÔÓà ÆÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÏÈ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÓÑÈØËÄÍÞÏÐ ÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÔÞÓÃÏÄÒÄÊÜÃÓÏÈÏËËÔÈ×ËÍËËÏÝ×ÑÐÏÃÔËÌÇÍÃÐÅÛÈÐÓÍÕÙÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ×ÏÈÃÆÏÐd ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ ÑÒÐÓÔÈÌÚÈÐ ÑÒËÎÈÒÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÏÈÃÆÏÐÐÔÎÈÔËÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ[\] tÐٱ˱ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔ ßÔÐÎÕ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÚÄÒÄÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÐÒÄÇËÕÓÄÓØÈÏÔÒÐÎÆÏÄÙÄÍȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ¬ÂÓÂÔÇÍÞÏÂáÑÍÐÓÌÐÓÔÞÊÏÐÒÎÂÍÞÌÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊqÕÓÔÞ6 ^UXYXY∈ '`¶ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÊÄÇÄÏÏÄà ÈÈÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÎ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ lı Ë ÆÓñÐÈ ÈÈ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÐÏÐÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌÖÕϱØËÈÌÏÄÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË' cÕÇÈÎ ÇÍÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝÓÙËÔÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËȱÄÉÇÐÌ ÑÒÃÎÐÌX XËÍËY YÓÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔÞà 'ÓÐÓÔÐËÔËÊÐÇÏÐÐ ÐÔÒÈ汀 ÅÝÔÞ ÎÐÉÈÔÆÝÒÐÉÇÄàÛÈÐÓà ÆÔÐÙ±Õ ËÍË ÑÕÓÔÐqÕÓÔÞÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ 'ÓÑÒÃÎÐÌY YÏÈÑÕÓÔÐÔÐÇÄU UXYXY∈'YÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÐÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐ̱ÒËÆÐ̱ÐÔÐÒÄà ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ²ÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÐÑÍ ÎÌÐÌÉÍ XÎÌÐÌÉÍ dȱÔÐÒ∂U [X \X ]X ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÎ ± ÏÈÌ ÆȱÔÐÒÐÎUX ∂XbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓà ÇÒÕËÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÈ ÍËÏËË YÎÌÐÌÌÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃU UXYXY ∈ 'XÖ˱∂U [Y\Y]YÓËÒÐÆÄÏÐ˱ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝȱÏËÎÆȱÔÐÒÝUY ∂Y°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ tÑÚ²ÅUXYÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÈÎIJÑÕÑÓÑÍÇɲÕÑÓÞUXÌUYÐɲÑÎÎÌÐÉÅÓÐÞÎÌÐÉÍÐÑÐÉËÅÇÌÔÌÏÞÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÐÉÑÔÑÆÑÍ ÒÓÌ ÈÅÐÐÑÏ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÌ àÕÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌdÒÓÑÕÌÇÐÑÏÔÎÖÚÅÉÕ É²ÑÈÅÇɲÕÑÓÞUXÌUY²ÑÎÎÌÐÉÅÓÐÞ Ç ÈÅÐÐÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É ÑÐÅ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÑÔÑÆÑÍ ÕÑÚ²ÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÒÓÌÈÅÐÐÑÏÉÉÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÌgÓÍË ÔÐÙ±Ä ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈÐÓÐÅÄà ÔÐ Æ ÏÈÌ Æ ÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËUX UY pÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÔÐÙ±Ä ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÑÒË ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÔÐÎ Ë ÔÐÍÞ±ÐÆÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄȱÐÇÄÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈUX¨UY gÓÍËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÄÃÆÏÝÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ] I[\[\∈'ÔÐÐÏÄÏÈËÎÈÈÔÐÓÐÅÝ×ÔÐÙȱdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈX [Y \ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ[X \X ]X I[[Y \Y ]Y I\ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ U[ I[ U\ I\ ÐÔÓàÇÄ ÃÆÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ_U[¨U\_ I [ I \!rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ±ÒËÆÕà ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË qÕÓÔÞ ßÔıÒËÆÄÃÊÄÇÄÏÄÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎËÖÕϱØËÃÎËX XWY YWXWYW∈'DPWPEÔ È ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎU U>XWYW@XWYW∈'DPWPEÑÒËÙÈÎ_U W′_ X′ Y′ W!ÏÄ>DE@qÒÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÐÆÄÆÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÑÐÍÕÙËÎGU UXGXUYGYÊÇÈÓÞGX X′WGWGY Y′WGWgÓÍËÔÐÙ±ÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËƱÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÔÓà ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÄà ÔÐ ÐÏÄÏÈÐÓÐÅÄÃËÇÍñÒËÆÐÌÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆȱÔÐÒGU ËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝα±ÒËÆÐÌrÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È U X Y ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÄà ± ÍàÅÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÏÄ ßÔÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛÈÌ ÙÈÒÈÊ ÔÐÙ±Õ U X Y ÍÈÉËÔ Æ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆUXXYËUYXY°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕßÒÓÑØÑÈÄÜÅÄÚÉÓÉËÕÑÚ²ÖUXYÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ Ç ²ÑÕÑÓÑÍ ÎÉÊÅÕ ÇÔÉ ²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÞÉ ²²ÓÌÇÞÏ ÒÓÑØÑÈÄÜÌÏ ÚÉÓÉË àÕÖ ÕÑÚ²Ö ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔIJÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍ ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕßá ² ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ Ç ÈÅÐÐÑÍ ÕÑÚ²ÉÐÅËÞÇÅÉÏÑÍÕÑÚ²ÑͲÅÔÅÐÌÄgÓÍË ÇÄÏÏÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈÐÓÐÅÄà ÔÐ Æ ÏÈÌÆÓÈÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ Ë ÑÒËÔÐÎ ÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÄà ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÄà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞËÎÈÏÏÐÆÓËÍÕÈàÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛÄà ÙÈÒÈÊ ÔÐÙ±Õ UX Y ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐ ÆȱÔÐÒÄÎ UXX Y ËUYXYpÔÓàÇÄÍȱÐÏÄÑËÓÄÔÞÈÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÆÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÎÆËÇÈ pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÆ ÙÈÒÈÊ U ÒÄÇËÕÓÆȱÔÐÒ ÔÐÙ±Ë ±ÄÓÄÏËÃ Ä ÙÈÒÈÊU ¶ ÔȱÕÛËÌ ÒÄÇËÕÓÆȱÔÐÒ ÔÐÙȱ ÏÄ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ÒËÓ U ´ U UX UY Æ ÍÈÆÐÌ ÙÄÓÔË ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÓÔÐËÔÓÎÈÚÄÏÏÐÈÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÈÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆgÓÍË U [ \ ] U [ \ ] U X′ [X \X ]X UY [Y \Y ]Y ÔÐ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Æ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÎÆËÇÈÑÒËÏËÎÄÈÔÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÌÆËÇ[ µ [ \ µ \ ] µ ] [X\X]X[Y\Y]Y d ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÃÆÏÐÐ ÊÄÇÄÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Ô È Æ ÆËÇÈ ]I[\ÓÎÆÓËÍÕÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËȱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ[ µ [ \ µ \ ] µ ] I[I\ÐÔ±ÕÇÄ [´[I[\´\I\U ´ U UY]´]UXÇÈ I[ Ë I\ µ ÙÄÓÔÏÝÈ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈI[[\ËI\[\ÆÔÐÙ±È[\U2UrËÓjÊ ßÔÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÇÆÄ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÇÍà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Ó ÃÆÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ÇÄÏÏÝÈ Æ ÏÄÓÔÐÃÛÈÎ ÑÕϱÔÈ Ë ÒÄÏÈÈ Æ Ñ ß±ÆËÆÄÍÈÏÔÏÝdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈÐÅÄÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÑÒËÆÐÇÃÔ±ÐÇÏÐÎÕËÔÐÎÕÉÈÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÓÄÏÅÄ ÒÓÑØÑÈÄÜÅÄ ÚÉÓÉË ÕÑÚ²Ö ²ÅÔÅÐÌÄÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ Ô ²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍ ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕßá Ì ÒÉÓÒÉÐÈ̲ÖÎÄÓÐÅÄàÕÑÍÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕÌÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÑÍÒÓÄÏÑͲÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÇÖ²ÅËÅÐÐÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉgÈ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ Æ ÐÅÛÈÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Æ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ\ µ \[ µ [] µ ] \X ]X\Y ]Y]X [X]Y [Y[X \X[Y \YdÓÍÕÙÄÈÃÆÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃßÔËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÑÒËÏËÎÄàÔÆËÇ[ µ [\µ\ ´]´]I[I\°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ dÔIJÌÍ ÐÉÐÖÎÉÇÑÍ ÇɲÕÑÓ ²ÑÎÎÌÐÉÅÓÐÞÍÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÑÍÒÓÄÏÑÍÒÓÑØÑÈÄÜÉÍÚÉÓÉËÈÅÐÐÖáÕÑÚ²ÖÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÐÑÓÏÅÎßá²àÕÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÇÖ²ÅËÅÐÐÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉqÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË Æ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÈÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÈQ UX¨UYÆÊÃÔÐÈÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈsÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÇÄÏÏÐÎÕ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà Æ ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÑÒËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËË ÔÐÙ±È U X Y ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒË Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝ× ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ× ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ X Ë YÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ Ë ÑÒËÔÐÎ ÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÄà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÄà ÑÒÃÎÄÃsÍÈÇÕÈÔËÎÈÔÞÆÆËÇÕÙÔÐÈÓÍËÔÐÙ±Ä3ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÒÄÔÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÔ ÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÑбÒÄÌÏÈÌÎÈÒÈ ÇÆÈ ÑÄÒÝ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ ÑÒË ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËËX Y Ë X Y ÔıË× ÙÔÐ 3 UX Y U X Y ÔÐ ÎÐÉÈÔ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÓÍÕÙËÔÞÓà ÙÔÐ ßÔËÎ ÑÄÒÄÎ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ ÅÕÇÕÔÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÐÆÄÔÞÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝÈÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝÈÑÒÃÎÝÈÔÈÎÓÄÎÝÎÆÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌÔÐÙ±È3ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÄÃÑÒÃÎÄÃÅÕÇÈÔÏÈÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÄfÍÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÏÈÃÆÏÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ)[\] ÇÈ )[ \ ] ¶ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄÃ Æ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ \ ] ÖÕϱØËà )[ \ ] Ë Æ ßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±È ) [ ) \ ) ] ! ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÆÔÐÙ±È[\]ËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ[´[)[\´\)\]´])] ÇÈ)[)\Ë)]ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄàÔÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË×ÙÄÓÔÏÝ×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ×ÆÊÃÔÝ×ÆÔÐÙ±È[\]dÓÑÐÎÏËÆÙÔÐÆȱÔÐÒÓ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÄÎË)[)\)]Ô ÈÆȱÔÐÒ∇) )[)\)]ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÓÅÈÌÉÐÕÑÏ×ÖвÙÌÌ)ÓÎÑ ÆËÇËÎ ÙÔÐ ÒÄÇËÈÏÔ ÖÕϱØËË Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË )[ \ ] ÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÈÏ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÔ È±ÐÍÍËÏÈÄÒÈÏÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÌÑÒÃÎÐÌqÐßÔÐÎÕ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÒÃÎÐÌ ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ\µ\]µ][ µ [ )[)\)]dÓÈ ßÔË ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÓÒÄÊÕ ÓÍÈÇÕàÔ ËÊ Ë fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÍËÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ)] Ë] I[\ ¶ÖÕϱØËÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÎÄÃÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ) ÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±Ë[\]ÔÐ)[)\I ´ ÓÎÑ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÊÄÎÈÔËÔÞÙÔÐI[ ´ )] \)]gÓÍË ÖÕϱØËà )[ \ ] ÊÄÇÄÏÄ Ë ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄÆÐÅÍÄÓÔË*ÔÐÇÍÃÍàÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÏÈÃÆÏÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ)[\] FF ¶ÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÄÃÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Ë ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÒÃÎÐÌÔÐÐ ÉÈ ÆËÇÄ ÙÔÐ Ë Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ) ÈÓÍË ÔÐÍÞ±Ð Æ ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È) [ ) \ ) ] ! nÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÔÐÙȱ [ \ ]∈* ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×) FÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓñıÎÝÊÏÄÈÎÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞàÕÒÐÆÏÃÖÕϱØËË)ÓÎÑ tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÒÄÇËÈÏÔ∇) )[)\)]ÆÔÐÙ±È[\]ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÕÒÐÆÏà )[ \ ] F ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏ ÑÐ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÌÑÒÃÎÐÌ ± ßÔÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÔÐÙ±È [ \ ] jÏÄÙÈ ÐÆÐÒÃÒÄÇËÈÏÔ ÖÕϱØËË ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÈÏ ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÕÒÐÆÏÃ Ô ÈÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÈÏ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÕÒÐÆÏÃÆÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈnÝ ÇбÄÊÄÍË ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÐÆÄÏËÈ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Æ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È Õ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÑÒËÖ˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÎÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËËdÐÊÏ˱ÄÈÔÆÐÑÒÐÓÙÔÐÅÕÇÈÔÈÓÍËÑÈÒÈÌÔ˱ÇÒÕÐÎÕÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËàßÔÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË" qÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÐÓÔÄÏÈÔÓà ÍË ÏÈÐÓÐÅÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÄÐÓÐÅÄà ¶ÐÓÐÅÐÌ"p±ÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÙÔÐÇÄfбÄÉÈÎßÔÐqÕÓÔÞ UX Y X Y∈ ' Ë UX Y X Y∈ ' µ ÓÕÔÞ ÇÆÄÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÐÇÏÐÌ Ë ÔÐÌ ÉÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË qÈÒÈ×ÐÇ ÐÔ ÍàÅÐÐ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ± ÇÒÕÐÎÕ ÈÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÐÎ ÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÐÈÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÐÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈX ϕXYY ψXYÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÏÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÕà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ' ÙÔÐÇÍÃÆÓÈ×ÔÐÙȱXY∈ ' ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐUXY UϕXYψXYqÒËßÔÐαıÅÝÍÐÇбÄÊÄÏÐñÐÅËÄÏÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàÏËÇÈÆÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ϕ X ϕ Y∂( ϕψ ) ψ X ψ Y XY∈ ' ∂( XY )qÒÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÐÆÄÆÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÐÑÐÍÕÙËÎUX ϕX U X ψX U Y UY ϕY U Y ψY U Y sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÄÒÄ ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ U X U Y ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔÓÃ Æ ÑÄÒÕÆȱÔÐÒÐÆUXUYÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÎÄÔÒËØÝϕ X ψ Xϕ Y ψ YqÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍÃÇÄÏÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ËXYÆȱÔÐÒÝUXUYÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ ÔÐÇÄ Ë ÔÐÍޱРÔÐÇÄ ±ÐÇÄ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÆȱÔÐÒÝ U X U Y ÆÔÐÙ±ÈXYÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛÈÌÓÃËÊÔÐÙ±ËXYÓ ÑÐÎÐÛÞà ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËà ÑÒËÙÈÎ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Ë× ÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ UXË UY Ë ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ U X Ë U Y ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔjÔıÐÉÑÔÑÆÅÄ ÑÔÑÆÅÄ ÒÓÌ ÈÅÐÐÑÏ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÌ ÕÑÚ²ÅÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÆÖÈÉÕÐÉÑÔÑÆÑÍ ÑÔÑÆÑÍ Ì ÒÓÌ ÎáÆÑÏ ÈÓÖÑÏ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÌ àÕÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ Å ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕß ²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÅÄ ² ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ Ç ÐÉÑÔÑÆÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉÒÓÌÑÈÐÑÏÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÌÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÆÖÈÉÕ²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍ Ì ÒÓÌ ÈÓÖÑÏ ÉÉ ÒÓÉÈÔÕÅÇÎÉÐÌÌ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ oÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÅÄÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßÖ²ÑÕÑÓÑÍÐÉÕÑÔÑÆÞØÕÑÚɲÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÎÅȲÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßád ÓËÍÕ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÆÝÚÈ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÑÒÐÆÈÒËÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÇÄÏÏÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÍÄDZÐÌ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓà ÙÔÐ ÕÏÈÈËÎÈÈÔÓÃÐÇÏÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈËÑÒËßÔÐÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËËÏÈÔÐÓÐÅÝ×ÔÐÙȱsÍÈÇÕÈÔÐÅÒÄÔËÔÞÆÏËÎÄÏËÈÏÄÔÐÙÔÐÕÍÄDZÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6 ^UXYXY∈ '`ÆȱÔÐÒÏÝÈÖÕϱØËËUXËUYÏÈÔÐÍޱРÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ ÏÄ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËË ' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÏÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËàËÏȱÐÍÍËÏÈÄÒÏÝÏÄßÔÐÎÊÄÎݱÄÏËËjÏÄÙÈÐÆÐÒÃ Õ ÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÆÓàÇÕ ÏÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÓÎUX¨UY i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë ÈjÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐUX¨UY ϕX U X ψX U Y ¨ϕY U X ψY U Y ( ϕψ ) U ¨U Y ϕXψY U X × U Y ϕYψX U Y ¨ U X ∂∂( XY ) X qÒËÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝ×ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃ×ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆñÐ( ϕψ )ÅËÄÏ ∂ÏËÇÈÆ 'ÏÈÐÅÒÄÛÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÊÑÐÍÕ∂( XY )ÙÈÏÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÆȱÔÐÒÏÝÈÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÃUX¨ UYË U X ¨ U Y Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÎÐÕÔ ÐÅÒÄÛÄÔÞÓà ÆÏÕÍÞ ÔÐÍޱРÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐ oÐ ÅÝÍÐ ÑбÄÊÄÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÝÎ Ë ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÎ ÕÓÍÐÆËÈÎ ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐ ÇÄÏÏÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒË ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË UX Y ÏÈÐÓÐÅÄà ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÏÕÍà Æ ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÐ ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËà UX ¨ UY tÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ ÈÛÈ ÒÄÊ ÇбÄÊÄÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÄÃÐÓÐÅÄà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒË ÐÇÏÐÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÅÕÇÈÔÔıÐÌÉÈËÑÒËÇÒÕÐÎÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËËdÆÈÇÈÎ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÚËÒбÐÎ ÓÎÝÓÍÈqÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÎÅȲÌÏ ÈÓÍË ÐÏÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐ ÏÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌÐÏÐÊÄÇÄÏÐËÏÈËÎÈÈÔÏÄÏÈÌÐÓÐÅÝ×ÔÐÙȱfÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝÎ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÎ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ ÍÄDZÐÐ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈÏÄÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËÏıÐÔÐÒÐÌÐÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÐ oÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄà ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔÞ ÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÆÑÍÐÔÞ ÇÐ ÒÄÏËØÝ ÏÈ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÈÔÓà tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÐÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃÎÐÕÔÏÈËÎÈÔÞ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÄÑÒËÑÒËÅÍËÉÈÏË˱ÒÄÏËØÈÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄàÛÈÌÓÃÐÅÍÄÓÔËÔËÎ ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÐÈ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ ÍÄDZÐÐ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÐÔÍËÙÄÈÔÓà ÐÔ ÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÐÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃqÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÎÅȲÑÍÇÛÌÓѲÑÏÔÏÞÔÎÉÈÓÍËÕ ÏÈÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÍÄDZÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ Ä ÍàÅÐÈ ÇÒÕÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃÍÄDZËÎÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÎÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐÈÈÍÄDZÐÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃqÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÚËÒбÐÎ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÐÍÕÓÖÈÒÄÊÄÇÄÏÏÄÃÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ]´[ \ [ \ P ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÏÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÍÄDZËÎ ÏÄ ÒÄÏËØÈ ±ÒÕÄ [ \ P ∂]∂]ÙÄÓÔÏÝÈÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝÈ Ë ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝqÒËÎÈÒÐÎÍÄDZÐÐ∂[∂\ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ßÔÐÌ ÑÐÍÕÓÖÈÒÝ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÒÐȱÔËÒÐÆÄÏËÈ ÏÄÏÈÈÈÇËÏËÙÏÐбÒÕÄ[ \ P ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[ Ë \ËÊÔÐٱ˴ÔÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÊÄÇÄÈÔÓÃÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎË[X \X Y Y ]X YX Y X Y qÈÒÆÝÈ ÇÆÈ ËÊ ßÔË× ÖÐÒÎÕÍ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÐÈÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆXYÆÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÝ[\ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÑÐÍÕÓÖÈÒÝ ÁÄÏÝÇÑÒÇÆÓÔÂÄÍÇÏÊáÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊÆÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñıßÔÐÎÐÉÈÔÑбÄÊÄÔÞÓÃÏÄÑÈÒÆÝÌÆÊÍÃÇÓÑÈØËÄÍÞÏÝÎÓÑÐÓÐÅÐÎÈÈÊÄÇÄÏËÃoÈÔÒÕÇÏÐÑбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÍбÄÍÞÏÐÆÐÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±È ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÆÓÈÇÄËÎÈÈÔÃÆÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈqÕÓÔÞ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 ÊÄÇÄÏÄÓÆÐËÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎUXY [XY\XY]XYXY∈ 'ËUXY¶ÈÈÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃÃÏÈÐÓÐÅÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄXY∈'ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈUX¨UY ÄÔı±Ä±_UX¨UY_ [ X \ X[ Y \ Y\ X ] X\ Y ] Y] X [ X] Y [ YÔÐ×ÐÔÃÅÝÐÇËÏËÊÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÈÌÓÔÐÃÛË×ÑÐÇÊÏıÐÎÒÄÇ˱ÄÍÄÐÔÍËÙÈÏÐÔÏÕÍÃqÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔË[ X \ X[ Y \ Y tÐÇÄÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÐÏÈÃÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÃ×ÇÍÃÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÃ[ [XY\ \XYÓÎ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÔıËÈ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 8 Ë 9 ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÔÐÙȱXYË[\ÇÈ[ [XY\ \XYÙÔÐ8ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔÓÃÏÄ9ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÄà ±Ä± ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×XYÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÒÄÊÒÈÚÈÏÄÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐË×ÑÒË[\∈9X X[\Y Y[\qÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆ ßÔË ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ Æ ÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÇÍà ] Æ ÑÐÍÕÙËÎGHI] I[\ ]X[\Y[\[\∈9tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÙÄÓÔÞÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÄÃбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÔÐÙ±ËXYËÎÈÈÔÃÆÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈqÐÇÙÄÓÔÞàÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÊÇÈÓÞÑÐÏËÎÄÈÔÓÃÐÔ±ÒÝÔÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÄà ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ UX Y X Y∈8 fÍÃßÔÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝÎ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÎÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆuqrbhogojgfбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÆÍàÅÐÌÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÈÈÃÆÏÐÈÍбÄÍÞÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÈÏÄÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËjÔı ÑÒË ÍбÄÍÞÏÐÎ ËÊÕÙÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÎÐÉÏÐ ÐÒÄÏËÙËÔÞÓà ËÊÕÙÈÏËÈÎ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ× ÃÆÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ sÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÐÇÏıÐËÎÈÔÞÆÆËÇÕÙÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÇÍÃÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËÃÔÈ×ËÍËËÏÝ×ÆÈÍËÙËÏÓÆÃÊÄÏÏÝ×ÓÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞàÑÐÍÈÊÏÐÑÐÍÕÙÄÔÞËÇÍÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÊÄÇÄÏÝ ÐÅÛËÎ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ Ôı ±Ä± ÑÒË ±ÐϱÒÈÔÏÐÎ Ë× ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÏËË ÏÈÆÓÈÇÄÅÝÆÄÈÔØÈÍÈÓÐÐÅÒÄÊÏÐÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇËÔÞ±ÃÆÏÐÎÕÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËàÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÈÐÆÐÒÃÕÉÈÐÔÐÎÙÔÐßÔÐÅÝÆÄÈÔÑÒıÔËÙÈÓ±ËÏÈÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆËÎÐjÏÐÇÄÅÝÆÄÈÔÑÐÍÈÊÏÝÎËÅÐÍÈÈÓÑÈØËÄÍÞÏÐÈÃÆÏÐÈÊÄÇÄÏËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÙÈÎ fÍÃÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝÕÓÔÄÏÐÆËÔÞÈÐÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÓÔÞÇбÄÉÈÎÑÒÈÇÆÄÒËÔÈÍÞÏÐÍÈÎÎÕ § ® ® ¢ qÖÔÕß ×ÖвÙÌÄ] I[\ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÅÇÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÍѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕÌ8ÕÑÚ²Ì[\ÌÒÖÔÕß]I[\tÑÈÅÖÕÑÚ²Ì[\]]ÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕ ÕŲÅÄ Ñ²ÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕß9ÇÒÓÑÔÕÓÅÐÔÕÇÉ5ÌÕŲÅÄѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕß : ÐÅ ²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍΠÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕÌ Π ² ÓÅ×Ì²Ö ×ÖвÙÌÌI Ç àÕÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É ÚÕÑ ÒÉÓÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÉ:ÓÅ×̲Š×ÖвÙÌÌ I Ô Ñ²ÓÉÔÕÐÑ]ÔÕßá 9 ÇËÅÌÏÐÑÑÈÐÑËÐÅÚÐÑ ÒÓÑ\ɲÕÌÓÖÉÕÔÄ ÐŠѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕß :ÒÓÌ ÒÓÑɲÕÌÓÑÇÅÐÌÌ Ç ÐÅÒÓÅÇÎÉ [8[\ÐÌÌ ÒÉÓÒÉÐÈ̲ÖÎÄÓÐÑÏ ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕÌΠÒËÓ rËÓ¦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð dÆÈÇÈÎÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÈÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃI [ I[[\I \ I\[\gÓÍË I [ I \ ÔÐ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[ \ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÄ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Π Ë ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÈÍÈÎÎÝÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ: 8qÕÓÔÞ I [ I \ !ËÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔËI [ oÄÑËÚÈÎ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÑÒÃÎÐÌ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÆÔÐÙ±È[\]dȱÔÐÒQ I[I\´ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÏßÔÐÌÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÓÎ Ë ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÑÒÃÎÐÌ Æ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈËÎÈÈÔÆËÇU UDQW´ W ÇÈ U [ \ ] Ë D ¶ ÆȱÔÐÒ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÝÌ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËπgÐÎÐÉÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞÆÆËÇÈD αβαI [βI \ÇÈαËβ ¶ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÝÈÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÝÑÒËÍàÅÝ×αËβ,ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐDQ d ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÈ ÑÐÓÍÈ ËÓ±ÍàÙÈÏËà ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ WÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÑÒÃÎÐÌÑÒËÏËÎÄÈÔÆËÇ[´[´αI \´\´\´βI [ [´[´α]´[´αI [βI \I [ qÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆÆßÔÕÓËÓÔÈÎÕÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ] I[\ÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ [ \ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËà ÑÒÃÎÐÌ ÓÒÄÖ˱ÐÎÖÕϱØËËIÑÐÍÕÙËÎÓËÓÔÈÎÕÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ[´[´αI \´\´\´βI [ [´[´αI[\´]´αI [βI \I [ gÈñÐÅËÄÏÑÐÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝÎ[\ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔαËβËËÎÈÈÔÆËÇGHI-[\I \I [ I [ ± I [I \ I \ I[I [I\I \I [ mÈÆÝÈÙÄÓÔËÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÎËÖÕϱØËÃÎËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[\αËβÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ[ [\ \α β ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃàÔßÔËÎÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÎË-[\ I [ I \ I [ qÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÔÈÐÒÈÎÈÐÏÈÃÆÏÝ×ÖÕϱØËÃ×ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔıËÈбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÔÐÙ±Ë[\8µ8ËбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ9ÔÐÙ±ËÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆαβÙÔÐÓËÓÔÈÎÄÎÐÉÈÔ ÅÝÔÞ ÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÒÄÊÒÈÚÈÏÄ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[Ë\[ [ (αβ\ \ (αβ)ÔıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÙÔÐ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄÈÔ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 9 ÏÄ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 8 qÒË ßÔÐΠбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 9 ÆÓÈÇÄÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÝÅÒÄÔÞ ±ÒÕÐÆÐÌ ÕÎÈÏÞÚËÆ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔËÇÄÏÏÕàбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ9ÍàÅÄÃÑÍÐÓ±ÄÃбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞÔÐÙ±ËÓÐÇÈÒÉËÔÈȱÒÕÐÆÕàбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞÔ ÈÔıÐÌÙÔÐÇÍÃÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐε!ÅÕÇÈÔËÎÈÔÞÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ9 ^(αβ)αβ ε`tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐ ÆȱÔÐÒÄ D ÓÎ ÇÍñÐÔÐÒÐÐαβ εÑÒÃÎÄÃËÎÈÈÔËÑÒËÔÐÎÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÕàÔÐÙ±ÕÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÃÓÒÄÖ˱ÐÎÓÕÉÈÏËÃÖÕϱØËËIÏÄбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8ÔÐÙ±Ë[\lÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ [ \ ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÏÄ×ÐÇÃÔÓà ÑÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎÄ] I[\tÈÑÈÒÞÊÄÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐ_D_ α β ( αI [ βI \ ) O α β qÐßÔÐÎÕÈÓÍË_D_ εÔÐ ÊÄÆÈÇÐÎÐ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÒÃÎÄÃÑÈÒÈÓȱÄÈÔÒÄÖ˱ÖÕϱØËËIÆÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈlÐÏØÝ ÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ× ÒÄÇËÕÓÐÆÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ U D ÇÈ ÆȱÔÐÒ D ÕÇÐÆÍÈÔÆÐÒÃÈÔ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔ ËÓ±ÐÎÕà бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ 9 ÔÐÙ±Ë [ \ ] ÏÄ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Π ÄÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ÔÐÙȱ ÆÓÈ× ÑÒÃÎÝ× ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛË× ÙÈÒÈÊÔÐÙ±Ë Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 9 ÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔ ËÓ±ÐÎÕà ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÕàбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ:ÔÐÌÉÈÔÐÙ±Ë[\]jÊ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÍÈÎÎÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÍбÄÍÞÏÐÎ ËÊÕÙÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÃÆÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ ÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË 8 ÔÐÙ±Ë [ \ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÊÄ ÏÐÆÕà ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÕàÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ×ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×ÆÊÃÔÞ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ±ÇÄÏÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÆÔÐÙ±È[\]] I[\qÒË ßÔÐÎ Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë [ \ ] ÇÍà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÓÏÐÆÄ ÑÐÍÕÙËÔÓà ÃÆÏÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ qÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÝÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ËÊÎÈÏÃÔÓà ÏÐ ÏÐÆÄà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ËÊÎÈÏÈÏËÃÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆÑÐÍÕÙËÔÓÃÑÒÐȱÔËÒÐÆÄÏËÈÎÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐÐÓË2] ÏÄ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë[ \ ÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [ \ ÔÐ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐËÆÊÄËÎÏÐÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÐÏÐ ÍËÏÈÌÏÐ Ë ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÇÍà ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔÐÙ±Ë[ \ ] ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝÎ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈÎÓÔÄÒÝ×ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÝ×±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ[\ÆÏÐÆÝȶÇȱÄÒÔÐÆݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝÏıÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ±ÇÒÄÂáÌÄÂÆÒÂÔÊÙÏÂáÖÐÒÎÂÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊiÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈαıÐÈÍËÅÐÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈU UXYXY∈ 'ÇÄÏÏÐÌÍÄDZÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËαÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà±ÏÈÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÆÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÈÈÔÐÙ±ÈlıÎÝÆËÇÈÍËÆȱÔÐÒÝUXËUYÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔÆßÔÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÅÄÊËÓdȱÔÐÒÝÍÈÉÄÛËÈƱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÅÕÇÈÎÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞÓËÎÆÐÍÐÎGUÄË× ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÅÄÊËÓÄ UX Ë UY ¶ ÙÈÒÈÊ GX Ë GYtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎGU UX GXUYGXoÄÌÇÈÎ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔ ÇÍËÏÝ ÆȱÔÐÒÄ ÍÈÉÄÛÈÐ Æ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÆÝÒÄÉÈÏÏÝÌ ÙÈÒÈÊ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÐ ÅÄÊËÓÄUXËUYÆÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÄÍÈÅÒÈßÔÐÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈÐÅÝÙÏÐÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÑÔÐÑÇÐÑÍ ÏÉÕÓÌÚÉÔ²ÑÍ ×ÑÓÏÑÍÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË_GU_ GU UXGXUYGY U X GXUXUYGXGY U Y GYdÆÈÇÈÎÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÈÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÔÐÇÄ( U X) UXUY* U Y_GU_ (GX)GXGY*GYÔÐ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ ÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ Ôı ±Ä± ÈÓÍË ÆȱÔÐÒ Æ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝαÏȱÐÔÐÒÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÔÐ ÑÒË ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛÈÎ ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ ÆȱÔÐÒ GU ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÎÆȱÔÐÒÄËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÇÍÃÏÈÐÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆаÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ lÇÅÈÓÅÕÌÚÐÅÄ×ÑÓÏÅ(GX)GXGY*GYÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÒÉÓÇÑͲÇÅÈÓÅÕÌÚÐÑÍ×ÑÓÏÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌqÐÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ±Ä± ÐÏÄ ÎÈÏÃÈÔÓà ËÍË ÙÔÐ ÔÐ ÉÈ ÓÄÎÐÈ ±Ä±ÎÈÏÃÈÔÓà ÈÈ ÎÄÔÒËØÄ ( ) ÑÒË ÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÈ ± ÇÒÕÐÎÕ ÑÒÈÇ ) * ÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÓÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ lı ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÓÎ ÑÒË ßÔÐÎ ÅÄÊËÓÝ Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔÓÃÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÎÄÔÒËØÝ ϕ X ψ X ϕ Y ψ Y sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔÓÃ Ó ÑÐÎÐÛÞàÔÒÄÏÓÑÐÏËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌÎÄÔÒËØÝÔ ÈÎÄÔÒËØݱÐÅËϕ ϕ- X Y ψ X ψ Y gÓÍË ÎÄÔÒËØÕ ÑÈÒÆÐÌ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÝ ÑÒËÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË U UX Y ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÔÞ ÙÈÒÈÊ $ÄÑÒËÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËËU UXY ¶ÙÈÒÈÊ$Ô È$ ( ) ( U X) UXUY* U Y ) * ( )$ ( U X ) U X U Y * U X ) * ÔбıËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐËʱÕÒÓÄÍËÏÈÌÏÐÌÄÍÈÅÒÝÇÍÃÑÈÒÆÐ̱ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÝÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔ˱ıËÆÐÐÅÛÈÇÍÃÆÓñÐ̱ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÝ$ -$-ÇÈÙÈÒÈÊ-ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏÄÎÄÔÒËØÄÔÒÄÏÓÑÐÏËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄÃÓÎÄÔÒËØÈ̱ÐÅË-pÔÓàÇÄÇÍÃÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË×ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÈÌËÎÈÈÎËÍË( ) ( ) ϕ X ϕ Yψ X ψ Y) * ) *∂( X Y ) (*´) (*´) ∂( XY )iÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÑÐ ÓÄÎÐÎÕ ÓÆÐÈÎÕ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÑÈÒÆÄà ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÄà ÖÐÒÎÄ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄ ÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÍË GX GY ! Ô È GU ÔÐ _GU_ ! ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÑбÒËÔÈÒËà sËÍÞÆÈÓÔÒÄ ÈÈ ÇËÓ±ÒËÎËÏÄÏÔ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÈÏ (* µµ ) ! d ÓËÍÕ ÉÈ ÐÔÓÕÔÓÔÆËà ÐÓÐÅÝ× ÔÐÙȱ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃàÔÓÃÏÈÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ UX UY ÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÊ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆ(Ë*ÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐg!Ë*!gÓÍË ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÄ ÑÈÒÆÄà ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÄà ÖÐÒÎÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÔÐ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÇÄÉÈ ÏÈ ÒÄÓÑÐÍÄÄà ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÎ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Ë ÏÈÊÏÄÃÈÈÖÐÒÎÝÒÈÚÄÔÞÒÃÇÐÔÏÐÓÃÛË×ÓñÏÈÌÊÄÇÄÙÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÏÄ×ÐÇËÔÞ ÇÍËÏÝ ÍÈÉÄÛË× ÏÄ ÏÈÌ ±ÒËÆÝ× Ë ÕÍÝ ÎÈÉÇÕÏËÎËÆÝÙËÓÍÃÔÞÑÍÐÛÄÇÞÙÄÓÔÈÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËsÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÆÓÈ× ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÕÓÔÄÏÐÆËÔÞ ËÓ×ÐÇà ËÊ ÐÇÏÐÌ ÍËÚÞ ÑÈÒÆÐÌ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÝ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌ ÈÐÎÈÔÒËÈÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË l ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËà ÑÐÇÐÅÏÝ×ÊÄÇÄÙÎÝËÑÈÒÈÌÇÈÎ ¬ÒÊÄÝÇÏÂÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊÄÝÙÊÓÍÇÏÊÇÊ×ÆÍÊÏÊÕÅÍÐÄÎÇÈÆÕÏÊÎÊrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÕà ±ÒËÆÕà ÍÈÉÄÛÕà ÏÄ ÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË qÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉËÎ ÙÔÐÐÔÓÙÈÔÇÍËÏÝÇÕV VWÏıÒËÆÐÌÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇËÔÓÃÆÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈ ! lı ËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐ ÆÏËË ÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄÏËà ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄ Ô È ÙÔÐ GVGWGVGUßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÓÎÑ ÐÔ±ÕÇÄGV _GU_ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞGWGWÏÐÓÎÑÐßÔÐÎÕGV _GU_ GU (GX)GXGY*GYGX GY GVGX GY ( ) * GWGW GWGW GWtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÇÍÃÇÍËÏÝ/±ÒËÆÐÌÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÎÖÐÒÎÕÍÕEGXGYGY * GW/ ∫ ( ) GX GW GWGW GWDqÈÒÈÌÇÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞ±ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËàÕÍÐÆÎÈÉÇÕ±ÒËÆÝÎËÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ gÔÎÌÈÇɲÓÌÇÞÉÒÉÓÉÔɲÅáÕÔÄÇÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÍÕÑÚ²É ÕÑ ÖÎÑÏ ÏÉÊÈÖ ÐÌÏÌ Ç àÕÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÖÑÎ ÑÆÓÅËÑÇÅÐÐÞÍ ÌØ ²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÞÏÌ Ç Ö²ÅËÅÐÐÑÍ ÕÑÚ²ÉÉÔÎ̲ÑÐÉÚÐÑàÕ̲ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÞÉÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕqÕÓÔÞ ÇÆÈ ÍÄDZËÈ ±ÒËÆÝÈ ÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÏÄ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÔÓÃ Æ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È pÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÝË×ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÌÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÙÈÒÈÊGUËδUıÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÝÒÄÊÍÐÉÈÏËÌÑÐÆȱÔÐÒÄÎUXËUY ¶ÙÈÒÈÊGXGYËδXδYÔÐÇÄGU UXGXUYGYδU UXδXUYδYqÐßÔÐÎÕÈÓÍËϕ ¶ËÓ±ÐÎÝÌÕÐÍÎÈÉÇÕ±ÒËÆÝÎËÔ ÈÎÈÉÇÕÆȱÔÐÒÄÎËGUËδUÔÐGU δUFRVϕ GU δU(GX δX ) ( GX δY GY δX ) *GY δY (GX )GXGY *GY ( δX ) δX δY * δY uqrbhogojg fбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÈ X ËYÍËÏËËÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÅÝÍËÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝÎËÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐËÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÙÔÐÅÝÆÓàÇÕÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÍÐÓÞÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ) ±ÍÐÛÂÆÞÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊqÕÓÔÞ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÈ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈUXYÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÍÄDZÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÐÏÄÊÄÎݱÄÏËË '±ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË'rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈ 7N ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× X Ë Y ÏÄ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔÝ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÐÒÄÏÄ N jÊ ±ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÈÈ ÐÒÄÏËÙÈÏÏÐÓÔÞ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÊÄαÏÕÔÄà ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ' бÄÉÈÔÓà ÑбÒÝÔÐÌ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÎÙËÓÍÐαÆÄÇÒÄÔÐÆ4LÒÄÏÄNqÒÐÏÕÎÈÒÕÈαıËÎÍËÅÐÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆÓÈÏÈÑÕÓÔÝÈÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÃßÔË×±ÆÄÇÒÄÔÐÆÓÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔÞà 'ËÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎË×ÙÈÒÈÊ(LL LτtÐÇÄτ ^(L(L 4L ' 4L∈7NL Lτ``ÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÈÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃÓÎÆÑ rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (L ±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔ ÓÐÅÐÌÑÐÍÏÝÈ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝÈ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔÄ ÍÈÉÄÛËÈ Æ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÑÒË ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÎÄÍÐÌÎÈͱÐÓÔËÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτÔıËÈÏÈÑÕÓÔÝÈÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ (L ÆÓÈÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÑÐÙÈÎÕ" sÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ÆÓÈ× Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆ(LÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊτ∂'ÓÒÓÑ dÐÊÞÎÈÎ ±Ä±ÐÌÍËÅÐ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔ (L∈τ∂' ÒËÓ qÕÓÔÞÇÍËÏÄÈÐÓÔÐÒÐÏÝÒÄÆÏÄ KÄ3L ¶ÐÇÏÄËÊÈÐÆÈÒÚËÏtÐÇÄÑÒË ÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÈ ÐÔ ÆÈÒÚËÏÝ 3L ± ÓÐÓÈÇÏËÎYÆÈÒÚËÏÄÎ ÒÄÇËÕÓÆȱÔÐÒ UX Y Ó ÔÐÙÏÐÓÔÞàÇÐÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÎÄÍÝ×ÅÐÍÈÈÆÝÓбÐÐÑÐÒÃÇ±Ä ÙÈÎ K ÑÐÍÕÙËÔ ÑÒËÒÄÛÈÏËÃ(LÒÄÆÏÝÈ ÑÐ ÄÅÓÐÍàÔÏÐÌ ÆÈÍËÙËÏÈ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔ3L KÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÙËÓÍÄÎ_UXK_Ë_UYK_Ôı±Ä±UXKY´UXY UXKRKUXYK´UXY ULKRKXrËÓ]XqÒË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËË ÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÝ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔÐÆ(L∈τ∂' ÊÄÎÈÏÃÔÞ ÑÒÃÎÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÎËÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÐÒÄÎÎÄÎË ÑÐÓÔÒÐÈÏÏÝÎËÏÄ ÆȱÔÐÒÄ× UXK Ë UYK ÒËÓ oÄÌÇÈÎ ÑÍÐÛÄÇÞ ÔıÐÐ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÐÒÄÎÎÄpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÆÈÈÙÈÒÈÊ∆σLÑÐÍÕÙËÎFRQVWUYKUXKY[FRQVW\∆σL _UXK¨UYK 3 _UX¨UY K 3 KLrËÓL_UX¨UYK 3 µ(LLvÕϱØËËUXËUYÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÏÄÊÄαÏÕÔÐ̱ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'ÑÐßÔÐÎÕOLP ∑ ∆σ L ∫ ∫ _UX¨UY_GXGYτ → ( ∈ τ ( ∂' )L'ÇÈ_τ_±Ä±ÆÓÈÇÄÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÎÈͱÐÓÔÞÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτpÙÈÆËÇÏÐÕÓÍÐÆËÈÙÔÐÎÈͱÐÓÔÞÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃ_τ_ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓñÏÕÍàÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐ ÔÐÎÕ ÙÔÐ ÒÄÏË N ±ÆÄÇÒËÍÞÃÉÈÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÎÝËÓ×ÐÇËÍËÓÔÒÈÎÃÔÓñÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÓÔËfÍà ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÓÔË ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÊÄÎÈÔËÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÎ ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ÔÐÙȱ3L∈ (L∈τL ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐOLP ∑τ → ( ∈ τ ( ∂' )LLτ∆σ L OLP ∑ _UX¨UYK 3 µ(L ∫ ∫ _UX¨UY_GXGY Lτ → L 'fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÆÐÑÈÒÆÝ×ÑÒÈÇÈÍËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎËÏÔÈÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÖÕϱØËË ÏÈ ÊÄÆËÓËÔ ÐÔ ÆÝÅÐÒÄ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈÔÐÙȱ 3L∈(L∈τ Ä ÆÐÆÔÐÒÝ× ÆÝÅÒÄÓÝÆÄÏËÈ ËÊ ËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎ ÓÍÄÄÈÎÝ× ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË× ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄÎ (L∈τ ÏÈ Æ×ÐÇÃÛË× Æ τ∂' ËÏÄÙÈ ÐÆÐÒà ßÍÈÎÈÏÔÄÎ ÒÄÊÅËÈÏËÃτ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛË×ÓÃ Ó ÒÄÏËØÈÌ ∂' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' Ô È ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛË×Óà ÓÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐÎÎÈÒÝÏÕÍÞÏÈÆÍËÃÈԱıËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÓÎÑ ÏÄÆÈÍËÙËÏÕÑÒÈÇÈÍÄËÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÕÎÎÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÏÄÆÈÍËÙËÏÕÑÒÈÇÈÍÄ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÓÉÈÉÎ ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÒÎÑÜÅÈßá ÌÎÌÏÉÓÑ͵6ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ6µ6 OLP ∑τ → ( ∈ τ ( ∂' )L∆σ L fÍà ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËà ÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ËÊ ÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃÖÐÒÎÕÍĵ6 ∫ ∫ _UX¨UY_GXGY'iÄÑËÚÈÎ ÈÈ Æ ÇÒÕÐÎ ÆËÇÈ ÆÝÒÄÊËÆ ÑÐÇÝÏÔÈÒÄÍÞÏÐÈ ÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈÙÈÒÈʱÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÝÑÈÒÆÐ̱ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÝqÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÊÄÎÈÔËÎ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÍàÅÝ× ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ D Ë E ÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÝÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ_D¨E_ _D__E_VLQDEDE _D__E_FRVDEÇÈDE ¶ÕÐÍÎÈÉÇÕÆȱÔÐÒÄÎËDËEdÐÊÆÈÇÈÎƱÆÄÇÒÄÔËÓÍÐÉËÎßÔËÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ_D¨E_DE DEßÔÐ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔ ÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÐÎ mÄÒÄÏÉÄ pÔÓàÇÄ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ_UX¨UY_ U XU Y´UXUY (*´)ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎÐÉÈÔÅÝÔÞÊÄÑËÓÄÏÄÔıÉÈÆÆËÇȵ6 ∫ ∫ (* µ ) GXGY'jÏÐÇÄ ÇÍà ±ÒÄÔ±ÐÓÔË ÊÄÑËÓË ÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈ (* µ ) GXGY ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÃÓËÎÆÐÍÐÎG6G6 (* µ ) GXGYË ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà àÎÉÏÉÐÕÑÏ ÒÎÑÜÅÈÌ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ qÒËÎÈÏÃÃßÔÐÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÎÐÉÏÐÑÈÒÈÑËÓÄÔÞÆÆËÇȵ6 ∫ ∫ G6'qбÄÉÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÆÈÍËÙËÏÄ ÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈ ÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃÑÒËßÔÐÎÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄàÔÓÃÔÐÍÞ±ÐÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝÈ ÏÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝ× ±ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÝ× ÐÅÍÄÓÔÃ× qÈÒÈÌÇÈÎ ± ÇÒÕÐÎÕ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ρ ρX Y ÇÄÏÏÐÌÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÊÄÇÄÏÐÏÄ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËË ' ±ÆÄÇÒËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ X Y Æ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÝXYÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÝÎÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈÎ ' ÏÄ ' dÏÐÆÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎËÏÔÈÒÄ͵6 ∫ ∫') * µ ) GXGYfÍÃÓÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÈÐÓËÏÔÈÒÄÍÐÎÆÝÑÐÍÏËÎÊÄÎÈÏÕÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× ÙÔÐ ÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐ Ôı ±Ä± ÆÓÈ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÓÝͱËÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ ′ Ñ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÈÏÝ jÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÆÑÐÍÕÙËε6 ∫ ∫ ) ' µ ) GXGY ∫ ∫'' ∂( ϕψ ) ( * µ ) ∂( XY ) GXGY∫ ∫ (* µ ) GXGY µ6'tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÆÈÍËÙËÏÄ ÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÈÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃoÄÌÇÈÎ ÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÇÍà ÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ËÎÈàÛÈÌÃÆÏÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ] I[ \ [ \∈ ' d ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ X[ Y \ U [ \ I[ \ Ë ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÓÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝUX I[UY I\( U X I [) UXUY I[I\* U Y I \ (* µ) I [I \ µI [I \ I [I \µ6 ∫ ∫ I [ I \ G[ G\'uqrbhogojgfбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÑÍÐÛÄÇÞÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÆÒÄÛÈÏËÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÄÃÆÑ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔÓÑÍÐÛÄÇÞàßÔÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÌÆÏÄÓÔÐÃÛÈÎÑÕϱÔÈ °ÒÊÇÏÔÂØÊáÅÍÂÆÌÐËÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊd ßÔÐÎ ÑÄÒÄÒÄÖÈ ÇÍà ÏÄÍÃÇÏÐÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÎ ÓÙËÔÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ ÆÝÅÒÄÏÄ ÑÒÄÆÄà ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÈ qÕÓÔÞ L M Ë N ¶ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÈ ÐÒÔÝ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÐÓÈÌgÓÍËÓÎÐÔÒÈÔÞËʱÐÏØÄÆȱÔÐÒÄNÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ[2\ÔÐÆȱÔÐÒL ÏÄÇÐÑÐÆÈÒÏÕÔÞÏÄÕÐÍπÑÒÐÔËÆÙÄÓÐÆÐÌÓÔÒÈͱËÙÔÐÅÝ ÐÏ ÓÐÆÑÄÍ Ó ÆȱÔÐÒÐÎ M d ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÐÆÐÒÃÔ ÔıÉÈÙÔÐ ÕÑÐÒÃÇÐÙÈÏÏÄà ÔÒÐÌ±Ä ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ L M Ë N ÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÄ ÑЫÑÒÄÆËÍÕÚÔÐÑÐÒĬbÏÄÍËÔËÙÈÓ±ËÌÄÏÄÍÐÏÄÍÃÇÏÐÐÑÐÇ×ÐÇıÑÐÏÃÔËàÑÒÄÆÐÌËÍÈÆÐÌÓËÓÔÈÎݱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÎÐÉÏÐÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÙÔÐÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÔÐÙȱ[\]ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄàÔÓà ÔÐÍޱРÔıËÈ ÕÑÐÒÃÇÐÙÈÏÏÝÈ ÅÄÊËÓÝ H H H±ÐÔÐÒÝÈ ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓà ËÊ ÕÑÐÒÃÇÐÙÈÏÏÐÐ ÅÄÊËÓÄ L M N ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÐÐÑÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà«ÑÒÄÆÝάÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÎÄÔÒËØËÎÈàÛË×ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÝÌÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÞÔÐÙÏÈÈÒÄÆÏÝÌtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÈÓÍËHP FPLFPMFPNP ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÅÄÊËÓÐÎÊÄÇÄàÛËÎÑÒÄÆÕàÓËÓÔÈÎÕ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÔÐF F F F F F F F F qÕÓÔÞ6 ¶ÍÄDZÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÓÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ ÆÓñÐÈ ÈÈ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ U UX YX Y∈ 'ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐË UX¨ UY ÏÄÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Æ ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝÌÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÌÆȱÔÐÒU ×UUX × UYXYν ÃÆÍÃàÛËÌÓÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÖÕϱØËÈÌÏÄ 'lÒÄÔ±ÐßÔÐÐÅÓÔÐÃÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐÆÝÒÄÉÄàÔÐÆÐÒÃÙÔÐÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÃÈÇËÏËÙÏÄÃÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ dÔIJÅÄÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÅÄÉÈÌÐÌÚÐÅÄÐÑÓÏÅÎßQQXYXY∈ 'ÎÅȲÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ6 ^UXYXY∈ '`ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÉÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ6pÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐÈÓÍËÆȱÔÐÒQÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÔÐ Ë ÆȱÔÐÒ ´Q ÔıÉÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌ ÔÐÌ ÉÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÍȱÐÑбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÇÒÕË×ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌÏÈÔuqrbhogojg fбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÎÐÉÈÔ ËÎÈÔÞ ÔÐÍޱРÇÆÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËpÇÏÄ ËÊ ÇÆÕ× ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌ Q ËÍË ´Q ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐ ÆÝÅÒÄÏÏÄÃÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑÍÄÇÒÕÄöÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔË Ë ÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÓÔËÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÆßÔÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈÏÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÓÄÎÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞàqÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÄÃËÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÄÃÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓÃÒÓÑÕÌÇÑÒÑÎÑÊÐÞÏÌÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃÎËßÔÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËfÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔËÆÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎÇÍÃÍÄDZÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎ ÆȱÔÐÒÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎU UX Y X Y∈ ' ÊÄ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ÅÕÇÈÎÑÒËÏËÎÄÔÞÆÓÈÇÄÆȱÔÐÒqÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔÞ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË Q ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÔÓà ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× X Y Ä ÏÈ ÐÔÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÝ× ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[ \Ë ] gÓÍËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ËÎÈÈÔ±ÒÄÔÏÝÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÔÐ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÓÍÕÙËÔÞÓà ÙÔÐ Æ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄÃÆÍÃàÛÈÌÓÃÏÐÓËÔÈÍÈÎÒÄÊÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÎÐÉÈÔбÄÊÄÔÞÓÃÏÈÓ±ÐÍÞ±ÐÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝ×ÏÐÒÎÄÍÈÌyÔÐÅÝ ÑÒË ÒÈÕÍÃÒÏÐÎ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËË ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ X Ë YÕÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÐ×ÒÄÏÃÍÄÓÞÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÇÐÑÐÍÏËÔÈÍÞÏÐÑÐÔÒÈÅÐÆÄÔÞÙÔÐÅÝñÐÅËÄÏßÔÐÐÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃÅÝÍÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÝÎ fÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÇÍà ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËà ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆX ϕXYY ψXYËÊÖÐÒÎÕͱıÎÝÆËÇÈÍËÓÎÊÄÎÈÙÄÏËÈƱÐÏØÈÑ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ( ϕψ )UX¨UY ∂U X ¨ U Y ∂( XY )( ϕψ )ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÍËñÐÅËÄÏ ∂ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÈÏÔÐÆȱÔÐ∂( XY )ÒÝUX¨UYËU X ¨U Y ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏÝÆÐÇÏÕËÔÕÉÈÓÔÐÒÐÏÕÄÈÓÍËÐÏÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÈÏÔÐÆÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÝÈtıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÇÍà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ Õ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÆÝÅÒÄÏÄÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÝÎË ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃÎË ÅÕÇÈÎ ÓÙËÔÄÔÞÔıËÈ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÈ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃ Õ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×ñÐÅËÄÏÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÈÏqÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 Ó ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞ6ÄÓÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ¶6µqÐÇÙÈÒ±ÏÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÆÓñÄà ÍÄDZÄà ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÆÓÈÇÄ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÄ Ô È Õ ÏÈÈ ÆÓÈÇÄ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃgÓÍË ÍÄDZÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 ËÎÈÈÔ ÃÆÏÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ] I[ \ [ \∈ ' ' ¶ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[\ÔÐL M NU[¨U\ I [ ´I[LµI\MN I \ÐÔ±ÕÇÄÆÓËÍÕÖÐÒÎÕÍÝI[I\ ´ Q ± ] I[ I\Q I [ I \∂6\rËÓ !FRV QN 6∂' I[ I\ ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÒËÓ N[ I[ I\'Ô È ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà Q ÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔ ÐÓÔÒÝÌÕÐÍÓÐÓÞà]ÔÐÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÆȱÔÐÒ Q ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏ ÆÆÈÒ× ÐÔ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6qÐßÔÐÎÕÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄà ÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÌÏÐÒÎÄÍÞàQÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÇÉÓØÐÉÍÔÕÑÓÑÐÑÍ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6 ËÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓà 6 Ä ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄà ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞà ´ Q ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏÏÐÌ ÆÏËÊ ¶ ÈÈ ÐÌÊÐÉÍÔÕÑÓÑÐÑͱÐÔÐÒÄÃÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓà 6 °ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕß Ö ²ÑÕÑÓÑÍ ×̲ÔÌÓÑÇÅÐÅ ÑÈÐÅÌËÉÉÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÍÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÑÓÌÉÐÕÌÓÑÇÅÐÐÑÍfÄÏÏÐÈÆÝÚÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÒÄÊÕÎÈÈÔÓÃÏÈÑÈÒÈÏÐÓËÔÓà ÏÄ ÏÈÍÄDZËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË qÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌ Æ ÐÇÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÕÉÈÏÈÍÞÊÃÆÝÅÒÄÔÞÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÕàÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÐÏÕÓ] [ \ [\PDdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÈÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈËÎÈÈÔÆËÇÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐU[\ [\ [ \ [\ U\ U[ [ \[ \ [\ ´ _U[¨U\_ U[¨U\ ´ [ \[ \qÒÈÇÈÍÝOLP( [\ ) → ( )[Ë [ \OLP( [\ ) → ( )\ ÏÈÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕ [ \àÔÑÐÙÈÎÕ"ÑÐßÔÐÎÕËÈÇËÏËÙÏÄÃÏÐÒÎÄÍÞU[ × U\[\ ´ ´ Q U[ × U\([ \ )([ \ )ÏÈËÎÈÈÔÑÒÈÇÈÍÄÑÒË[\{sÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÏıÐÏÕÓÈÏÈÍÞÊÃÆÝÅÒÄÔÞÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÕàÏÄ ' ^[\[\PD`qÒÐÓÔÝÎ ÑÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÏÈÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÏÄ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ØÈÍÄà ÍËÏËà ÆÇÐÍÞ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÑÒË ÍàÅÐÎË× ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ÔÈÒÑÃÔ ÒÄÊÒÝÆ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÙÄÓÔÞ ÇÆÕÒÄÏÏÐÐ ÕÍÄËÊÐÅÒÄÉÈÏÏÄà ÏÄ ÒËÓ u±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÍËÏËÈÌ ÏÄ ßÔÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÔÒÈÊб$%i Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È oÄ ÑÈÒÆÝÌ ÆÊÍÃÇ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÑбÄÊÄÔÞÓÃÙÔÐ ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÅÐÅÛÈÏËÈÎÑÐÏÃÔËÃÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË%ÑÍÐÓ±Ð̱ÒËÆÐÌÔÐÐÇÏıÐÏÈÔıgÓÍËÍÄDZÄñÒËÆÄÃΓ ^UVPVP6`ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÄÆÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËËÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄÏËÃÇÍËÏÈÈ ÇÕ V ÔÐ Æ ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÈÈ ÔÐÙ±È ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏ$ ±ÐÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ̱ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌÆȱÔÐÒW GUGVrËÓÔÐÒÝÌÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÏıÒËÆÐÌΓÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÌÖÕϱØËÈÌ qÐÓÔÄÆËÎ Æ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆËÈ ÆȱÔÐÒÕ W ÆȱÔÐÒ Q ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛËÌÓà ËÊ ÆȱÔÐÒÄ W ÑÐÆÐÒÐÔÐÎ ÑÒÐÔËÆ ÙÄÓÐÆÐÌ ÓÔÒÈÍ±Ë ÏÄÑÒÃÎÐÌ ÕÐÍ dȱÔÐÒ Q ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÎ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝÎ ±±ÒËÆÐÌΓÆȱÔÐÒÐÎÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÎÈÏÃàÛËÎÓÃÆÇÐÍÞÏÈÈtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃÍÄDZÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÑÐÒÐÉÇÄÈÔÆÝÅÐÒÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÌÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÆÇÐÍÞßÔÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÏÐÒÎÄÍËdÈÒÏÐ Ë ÐÅÒÄÔÏÐÈ ÈÓÍË ÏÄ ÍÄDZÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄà ÈÇËÏËÙÏÄà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ÔÐ ÑÐ ßÔÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË Æ ÓËÍÕ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐ ÆÝÚÈ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆËà ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓà ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÌ ÏÄ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÌ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌ ± ÏÈÌÆȱÔÐÒ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÌ Æ ÓÆÐà ÐÙÈÒÈÇÞ ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÊÄÇÄÈÔ ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÈÆÐÊÒÄÓÔÄÏËÃÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄVÔ ÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà±ÒËÆÐÌi Ä Î È Ù Ä Ï Ë È qÐÏÃÔËà «ÑÐÆÐÒÐÔ ÑÒÐÔËÆ ÙÄÓÐÆÐÌ ÓÔÒÈͱˬ«ÓÍÈÆĬ«ÓÑÒÄÆĬ«ÑÒÄÆËÍÐÚÔÐÑÐÒĬËÔ ÑÏÈÃÆÍÃàÔÓñÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±ËÎË ÑÐÏÃÔËÃÎË ÏÐ ÐÏË ÐÙÈÏÞ ÕÇÐÅÏÝÑÒËÒÈÚÈÏË˱ÐϱÒÈÔÏÝ×ÊÄÇÄÙqÐÇÐÅÏÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÓÎ Ñ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÇÄÔÞ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±Ë× ÔÈÒÎËÏÄ× ÑÒË ÕÓÍÐÆËË ÙÔÐ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÄ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÄà ÇȱÄÒÔÐÆÄ ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ Ô È ÊÄÇÄÏ ÐÒÔÐÏÐÒÎËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÌ ÅÄÊËÓ H H H ÔÈÎ ÓÄÎÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÏÐÐÆÐÒÃÆÓÄÎÐÎÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÕÉÈÊÄÇÄÏÄ«ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËìdßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÒÑÎÑÊÌÕÉÎßÐÑÍÑÕÓÌÙÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÉÍ ÎÅȲÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ6 ^UXYXY∈ '`ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÆÓñÄÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÃÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÕÑÐÒÃÇÐÙÈÏÏÄÃÔÒÐ̱ÄÆȱÔÐÒÖÕϱØËÌ D D D Ô È ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝ× ÏÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔË 'ÖÕϱØËÌDXYDXYDXYXY∈ 'ÔıË×ÙÔÐÆȱÔÐÒÝDXYËDXYÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÍËÏÈÌÏÐÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝÎË ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÎË ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6 Æ ÔÐÙ±È UX Y Ä ÏÈ ÏÕÍÈÆÐÌ ÆȱÔÐÒ D X Y µ ÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÈÏ ± ÏËÎ Ë ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÞÎÄÔÒËØÝ ÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇÄ ÐÔ ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ D D D ± ÆȱÔÐÒÄÎ ÅÄÊËÓÄÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÈÏÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÈÏoÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÔÒÐÌ±Ä ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ U X U Y U X ¨ U Y ÊÄÇÄÈÔ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÕà Ä ÔÒÐÌ±Ä ÆȱÔÐÒÐÆ U X U Y ´ U X ¨ U Y µ ÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÑÒË ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎȱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ ³ÌÍÇÊÄÂÏÊÇÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÇËfÄÏÏÐÈ ÆÝÚÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈ Ð×ÆÄÔÝÆÄÈÔ ÆÓÈ ÔÐ ÙÔÐ ËÏÔÕËÔËÆÏÐÆ×ÐÇËÔÆÑÐÏÃÔËÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËtıÎÐÉÏÐÑбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÚÄÒÄÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÏÐÓËÔÈÍÈαıÐÌÍËÅÐÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÅÈÊ ±ÒÄÔÏÝ× ÔÐÙȱsÙËÔÄÔÞÉÈÙÔÐÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÚÄÒÄËÎÈÈÔ±ÒÄÔÏÝÈÔÐÙ±ËÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÏÈÐÑÒÄÆÇÄÏÏÝÎ ÕÓÍÐÉÏÈÏËÈÎ sÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝÈÑÕÔËÇÍÃÑÒÈÐÇÐÍÈÏËÃßÔÐÐÏÈÕÇÐÅÓÔÆÄnÝÆÝÅÈÒÈÎ ÓÑÐÓÐÅ ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏÏÝÌ ÏÄ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÏËË ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ s±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆÐÊÏ˱ÄÈÔ ÑÒË ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËË ÓÄÎÝ× ÑÒÐÓÔÝ× ÊÄÇÄÙ oÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÅбÐÆÕà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ØËÍËÏÇÒÄ ÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔޱıÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÃÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÝ×ÓÔÐÒÐÏÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱ÄÑÐÍÏÕàÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞØËÍËÏÇÒÄ ¶±Ä±ÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËà ÈÐ ÅбÐÆÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Ë ÇÆÕ× ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËÌÑÐÍÏÕà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ±ÐÏÕÓÄ ¶ ±Ä± ÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÏËà ÈÐÅбÐÆÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËÈÎËÔ ÇqÈÒÈÌÇÈÎ ± ÔÐÙÏÝÎ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÎ cÕÇÈÎÐÆÐÒËÔÞ ÙÔÐÕÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6 ^U UXYXY∈ '`ÈȱÒÄÌÓÎÑ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÈÓÍË ÒÄÏËØÄ ∂' ÐÅÍÄÓÔË ' ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÒËÆÐÌÔÐÙÏÈÈÏÐÓËÔÈÍÈαÒËÆÐÌ∂' ^XWYWDPWPE`dßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈ ±ÒÄÌ ∂6 ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÎÐÉÏÐ ÔıÉÈ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔޱı±ÒËÆÕà∂6 ^UXWYWDPWPE`pÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎ ÐÑÈÒÄØËà Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÇÍà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈ̱ÒÄñÐÔÐÒÝ×ÃÆÍÃàÔÓñÒËÆÝÎËqÕÓÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÝÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6L ^ULXLYLXLYL∈ ' L `±ÒÄÃ∂6L ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÓÕÔÞ ±ÒËÆÝÈ Ô È ÒÄÏËØÝ ∂'L ÐÅÍÄÓÔÈÌ 'L ÃÆÍÃàÔÓñÒËÆÝÎËXL XLWLYL YLWLDLPWLPELL PtÐÇÄ ±ÒÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ∂6L ÅÕÇÕÔ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÔÞ ÓÐÅÐ̱ÒËÆÝÈΓL ^ULXLWLYLWLDLPWLPEL`qÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÏȱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÑÄÒ L M L M P L M ÊÄÇÄÏÐ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ÐÔÒÈʱÐÆ>D LMN E LMN@µ>DLEL@ D LMN P E LMNËÐÔÒÈʱÐÆ>D MLN E MLN @µ>DMEM@D MLN P E MLN N QLM QML ÑÒËÙÈÎ ±Ä± ÐÔÒÈÊ±Ë >D LMN E LMN@Ôı Ë ÐÔÒÈÊ±Ë >D MLN E MLN @ ÑÐÑÄÒÏÐ ÏÈ ËÎÈàÔ ÐÅÛË× ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË×ÔÐÙȱÄÔıÉÈÐÎÈÐÎÐÒÖËÊÎÝ ϕ LMN >D LMN E LMN @→ >D MLN E MLN@ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÝÈ Ô²ÎÉÌÇÅáÜÌÏÌ ÑÏÉÑÏÑÓ×ÌËÏÅÏÌ qÒË ßÔÐÎ ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÐWL∈ >D LMN E LMN@ËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔЫӱÍÈËÆÄÏËȬULXLWLYLWL UMXMϕ LMN WLYMϕ LMN WLpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎÙÈÒÈÊ Γ LMN ±ÒËÆÕàÓÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎULXLWLYLWLWL∈>D LMN E LMN@lÒËÆÝÈ Γ LMN ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ²ÓÌÇÞÏÌ Ô²ÎÉÍ²Ì ËÍË ²ÓÌÇÞÏÌÒÑ ²ÑÕÑÓÞÏ ÒÓÑÌËÇÑÈÌÕÔÄ Ô²ÎÉÌÇÅÐÌÉpÙÈÆËÇÏÐÙÔÐÆÓËÍÕÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈU UMXMWMYMWMWM∈>D MLNE MLN @ÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈαÒËÆÐÌ Γ LMN ËÅÐÐÎÈÐÎÐÒÖËÊÎÝ ϕ LMN ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÇÐÑÕÓÔËÎÐÈ ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÄÇÍñÒËÆÐÌΓ LMN cÕÇÈÎÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ±ÒÐÎÈÔÐÐÙÔÐÑÒËM ′ MÐÔÒÈʱËN E O @N Q O Q >D LMO E LMN @Ë>D LM′LM′ML′LMÔıÉÈ ÏÈ ËÎÈàÔ ÐÅÛË× ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏË× ÔÐÙȱ ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏбÄÉÇÝÌ ±ÐÏÈØ ÐÔÒÈ汀 >D LMN E LMN @ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÔÞ ÈÛÈ ÏÈO E O @ÔÐÕÓÍÐÆËÈÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÙÔÐÅÐÍÈÈÙÈÎÐÇÏÐÎÕÐÔÒÈʱÕ>D LM′LM′±ÄÉÇÄñÒËÆÄÃÓ±ÍÈÌ±Ë Γ LMN ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÙÄÓÔÞàÔÐÍÞ±ÐÇÆÕ×±ÒËÆÝ×ΓLËΓMÐÅÒÄÊÕàÛË×±ÒÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ6LË6MqÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6L Ë 6M ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÓÐÓÈÇÏËÎË ÈÓÍË ÐÏËÓ±ÍÈËÆÄàÔÓà ÑÐ ±ÒÄÌÏÈÌ ÎÈÒÈ ÑÐ ÐÇÏÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ LMN sËÓÔÈÎÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ 6 6P ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÔÇÄËÐÑÍ ÈÓÍË ÇÍà ÍàÅÝ× ÈÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ 6S Ë 6T ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÔıËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6 L 6 L 6 L ÙÔÐ 6 L 6S 6 L 6T˱ÄÉÇÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 LνUUÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÓÐÓÈÇÏÈÌ Ó 6 L Ô È Ó±ÍÈÈÏÄ Ó ÏÈÌ ÑÐ ÐÇÏÐÌ ËÍËνÏÈÓ±ÐÍÞ±ËαÒËÆÝÎν U ´°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ sÇÄËÐÅÄÔÌÔÕÉÏÅÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ666PÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßá Ô²ÎÉÉÐÐÑÍ ÌË ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ66PÌÑÆÑËÐÅÚÅÉÕÔÄ6 ^6L`ÔÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÏÈÓÎÐÔÒà ÏÄ ÓÆÐà ÖÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÕà ÒÐÎÐÊDZÐÓÔÞ ËÎÈÈÔ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÑÒÐÓÔÐÌ ÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÌ ÓÎÝÓÍ pÅÒÄÊÏÐ ÐÆÐÒà ӱÍÈÈÏÏÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 ^6L` ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔÓÐÅÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË66PÕÏȱÐÔÐÒÝ×ÑÄÒ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×6L6MÐÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÍÈÏÝ Ó±ÍÈÈÏÝ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ÏÄ ±ÒËÆÝ× Γ LMN ËÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÄàÛËÈÓà ÇÒÕ Æ ÇÒÕÄ ÑÒË ÐÎÈÐÎÐÒÖËÊÎÄ× ϕ LMN µ ÆßÔÐÎ Ë ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÏËà cÈÊÕÓÍÐÆÏÐ ±Ä±ÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞ ±ÒÐÎÈ ÔÐÐ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÈÔÓà ÙÔÐ ÐÔ ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6L ÎÐÉÏÐ ÙÈÒÈÊ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ÚÄÐÆ ÑÈÒÈÌÔË ±ÍàÅÐÌÇÒÕÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6MÑÈÒÈ×ÐÇñÄÉÇÝÌÒÄÊÓÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÄÐÇÏÕËÊÓÐÓÈÇÏË×ÓÏÈÌgÓÍË6 ^6L`Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÔÐÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÆÓÈ×ÇÕ ÃÆÍÃàÛË×Óà ÔıËÎË ÙÄÓÔÃÎË ±ÒËÆÝ× ∂6L ÙÔÐ Ï˱ıËÈÔÐÙ±Ë ßÔË× ÙÄÓÔÈÌ ±ÒÐÎÈ ÅÝÔÞ ÎÐÉÈÔ ±ÐÏØÈÆÝ× ÏÈ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄàÔÓÃÏËӱıËÎËÔÐÙ±ÄÎËÇÒÕË×±ÒËÆÝ×∂6LÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓñÒÄÈÎ∂6Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6nÐÉÏÐ ÑбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÃà ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÈ ÙÄÓÔË ±ÒËÆÝ× ∂6L ÑÒËÏÄÇÍÈÉÄÛËÈ ±ÒÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ^6L` ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ÙËÓÍÐ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝ× ±ÒËÆÝ× ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆ jÏÄÙÈ ÐÆÐÒà ±ÒÄÌ Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ËÊ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝ× ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆqÒËÎÈÒÐÎ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÓÍÕÉËÔ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÈÆ ÓÖÈÒÕ [ \ ] ÇÆÕ× ÑÐÍÕÓÖÈÒ ] µ [ µ \ Ë] ´ µ [ µ \ [\PÑÐË×±ÒÄàÔ ÈÑÐбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔË[ \ ] iÄÇÄÆÄà ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ßÔÐÌ Ð±ÒÕÉÏÐÓÔË Æ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ÐÎÆËÇÈ[ FRVW\ VLQW] PWPπƱÄÙÈÓÔÆÈ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄàÛÈÐ ÐÎÈÐÎÐÒÖËÊÎÄ ϕ > π@ { > π@ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÊÃÔÞ ÔÐÉÇÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÐÔÒÈ汀 > π@ ÏÄÓÈÅÃs ÑÐÎÐÛÞà Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÏËà ÍÄDZË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÞÑÐÏÃÔËȱÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕß6 ^6L`Ô²ÎÉÉÐÐÅÄÌËÎÅȲÌØÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ 6 6P ÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄ ²ÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßáqÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ±ÒÕÐÆÐÐØËÍËÏÇÒÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄ ÇÄàÔ ÑÒËÎÈÒÝ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ qÒÃÎÐÌ ÉÈ ±ÒÕÐÆÐÌ ±ÐÏÕÓ ÏÈÍÞÊà ÒÄÊÅËÔÞ ÏÄ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈÙËÓÍÐÓ±ÍÈÈÏÏÝ×ÍÄDZË×ÙÄÓÔÈÌÑÐßÔÐÎÕÐÏÏÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞàÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃnÐÉÏÐÐÅÐÅÛËÔÞÐÑÈÒÄØËàÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÔıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÙÔÐ ÑÒË ÖÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÎ ÓÐ×ÒÄÏÈÏËË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÇÍà ÔıÐÌ ÐÅÐÅÛÈÏÏÐÌ ÐÑÈÒÄØËËÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÃ Æ ±ÍÄÓÓ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÑÐÑÄÇÕÔÕÉÈ˱ÐÏËÙÈÓ±ËÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËnÝÏÈÅÕÇÈÎÏÄßÔÐÎÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÔÞÓÃËÑÒÈÇÐÓÔÄÆËÎÑÒÐÇÈÍÄÔÞßÔÐÆÓÍÕÙÄÈÏÈÐÅ×ÐÇËÎÐÓÔËÓÄÎÐÎÕÙËÔÄÔÈÍàqÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÄà ËÊ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÄ ÍÄDZË×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÆÚËÒбÐÎÓÎÝÓÍÈÓÎÑ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓòÖÔÑÚÐÑÎÅȲÑÍÇÛÌÓѲÑÏ ÔÏÞÔÎÉ °ÒÊÇÏÔÊÒÕÇÎÝÇÊÏÇÐÒÊÇÏÔÊÒÕÇÎÝÇÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊpÑÒÈÇÈÍËÎÑÐÏÃÔËÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÇÍÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÓ±ÍÈÈÏÏÝ×ËÊÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌpÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÓÑÐÎÐÛÞàÆÝÅÐÒÄÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓ±ÍÈÈÏÏÐÌ ËÊ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ Ð±ÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÏÈÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÝÎÇÄÉÈÑÒËÐÔÓÕÔÓÔÆË˱ÒÄÔÏÝ×ÔÐÙȱËÑÐÏËÎÄÏËËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÓÔËÏÐÒÎÄÍ˱ıÈÈÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ÐÔ ÔÐÙȱ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ Ä ÏÈ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒÐÆ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÈÎÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÔÐ ÓÆÃÊÄÏÐ Ó ÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝÎ ÏÄÒÕÚÈÏËÈÎÍÄDZÐÓÔË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÄ ±ÒËÆÝ× ÑÐ ±ÐÔÐÒÝÎ ÑÒÐËÓ×ÐÇËÔÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÈoÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÙÄÓÔÞ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÇÆÕÒÄÏÏÐÐ ÕÍÄ ËÊÐÅÒÄÉÈÏÏÕàÏÄÒËÓ ÎÐÉÏÐÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔޱıÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËà ÇÆÕ× ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱ÐÆ gÓÍË ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÞÓà ÑÐ ÒÄÊÏÝÎÒÄÏÃαÐÇÏÐÌËÔÐÌÉÈÔÐÙ±ÈÏÄÒÈÅÒÈßÔÐÐÕÍÄÔÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÝÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛË×ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ×ÏÐÒÎÄÍÈÌÑÐÍÕÙÄÔÓÃÒÄÊÏÝÈfÒÕËÎ ÑÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÈ ÃÆÍÃàÛÈÌÓà ÍÄDZÐÌ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ±ÕÅÄ ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÛÄÃÓÃÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÓ±ÍÈ̱ÐÌ ÈÐ ÒÄÏÈÌ ÍÄDZË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÑÐË×ÒÈÅÒÄÎ ÓÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ±ÕÅÄ ÏÈÔ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË Æ ÔÐÙ±Ä× ÒÈÅÈÒ ÐÏÄ ÇÄÉÈ ÏÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔoËÉÈ ÅÕÇÈÔ ÇÄÏÐ ÔıÐÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒË ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÝÎËpÔÎÈÔËÎÙÔÐÑÒËÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÇÄÉÈ«ÍÄDZËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐάÔȱÐÇÄÇÍÃÍàÅÐ̱ÒËÆÐÌÑбÐÔÐÒÐÌÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏÐÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÈƱÄÉÇÐÌÈÈÔÐÙ±ÈÎÐÉÏÐÔıÆÝÅÒÄÔÞÈÇËÏËÙÏÕà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ÙÔÐ ÐÏÄ ÅÕÇÈÔ ÑÒÈÇÈÍÐÎ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÆÝÅÒÄÏÏÝ×ÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ×ÏÐÒÎÄÍÈÌÇÆÕ×Ó±ÍÈËÆÄàÛË×ÓÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÕÓ±ÍÈÈÏÏÝ×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÎÐÕÔÆÐÊÏ˱ÏÕÔÞ±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÏÐÆÝÈÐÓÐÅÈÏÏÐÓÔËÆÐÔÍËÙËÈÐÔÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÊÄÇÄÏÏÝ×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÏÈÆÓÈÇÄ ÏÄ ÆÓÈÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÎÐÉÏÐ ÆÝÅÒÄÔÞ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÕà ÈÇËÏËÙÏÕà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ qÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÔıÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà Ôı ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÝÌÍËÓÔnÂÅËÕÓÄgÐ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞ ÆÊÃÆ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏÕà ÑÐÍÐÓ±Õ ÅÕÎÄË$%&'ÐÇËÏÒÄÊÑÈÒȱÒÕÔËÆÈÈÆбÒÕÐÓËÓËÎÎÈÔÒËË01ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÓÔÐÒÐÏÄÎ %& Ë $' Ë Ó±ÍÈËÆ ÒÈÅÒÐ $% Ó &'b v nÂÅËÕÓ¶µÏÈÎÈرËÌÎÄÔÈÎÄÔ˱ËÄÓÔÒÐÏÐÎ0%(&$)'1($%)&'rËÓÒËÓ qÒÄÆÇÄÑÒËÔıÐÎÓÑÐÓÐÅÈÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏËÃÍËÓÔnÂÅËÕÓÄÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓÃÆÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÈÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÄÎÐÌÓÓÐÅÐÌpÇÏıÐÏÈÔÒÕÇÏÐÑÐÍÕÙËÔÞÈÐËÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÈÎÐÑËÓÄÏÏÝÎÆÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËËÇÆÕ×ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱ÐÆ$%()Ë)(&'pÇÏÐÌËÊ×ÄÒıÔÈÒÏÝ×ÐÓÐÅÈÏÏÐÓÔÈÌÍËÓÔÄnÂÅËÕÓÄÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐÙÔÐÕÏÈÐËÎÈÈÔÓÃÍËÚÞÐÇÏÄ«ÓÔÐÒÐÏĬÈÐÏÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏбıÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÅбÐÆÕàÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞØËÍËÏÇÒÄÑбÒÄÓËÔÞÓ±ÄÉÈÎ Ó ÐÇÏÐÌ ÓÔÐÒÐÏÝ ±ÒÄÓÏÐÌ Ä Ó ÇÒÕÐÌ ¶ ÓËÏÈÌ ±ÒÄÓ±ÐÌlÒÐÎÈÔÐÐÏÄÍËÓÔÈnÂÅËÕÓÄÏÈÍÞÊÃÆÝÅÒÄÔÞÈÇËÏËÙÏÕàÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ±ÐÔÐÒÄà ÃÆÍÃÍÄÓÞ ÅÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÌ ÖÕϱØËÈÌ ÔÐÙ±ËÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄdÓÈ ÑÒËÆÈÇÈÏÏÝÈ ÓÐÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà ÇÈÍÄàÔ ÈÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÝÎ ÑÐÑÝÔÄÔÞÓà ÇÄÔÞ ÔıÐÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒ ÔËÑÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇÄбÄÊÄÍËÓÞÅÝÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎËÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÔËÑÄÍËÓÔÄnÂÅËÕÓÄ ¶ÏÈÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝÎËpÅÒÄÔËÎÆÏËÎÄÏËÈÏÄÔÐÙÔÐÍËÓÔnÂÅËÕÓÄÎÐÉÈÔÃÆÍÃÔÞÓà ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÈÎ ÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓ ±ÒÄÔÏÝÎË ÔÐÙ±ÄÎË Ë ßÔÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ±Ä± ÆÓñÄà ÍÄDZÄÃÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±Ë ÊÄÇÄÏÏÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÅÕÇÈÔ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌËÎÈÃƱÒÄÔÏÝ×ÔÐÙ±Ä×ÓÆÐÈÐÏÐÓËÔÈÍÃÑÐÇÆÈÏÐÒÎÄÍËÔÐ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÏÈ ËÎÈÈÔ Ï˱ıÐÐ ÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËà ± ÏÈÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔËÓÄÎÐÐÍËÓÔÄnÂÅËÕÓÄ ¦ÒÕÅÐËÑÐÆ×ÐÆÌÑÐÏáÔÊàÐÒÊÇÏÔÂØÊÊÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊpÑËÚÈÎ ÇÒÕÐÌ ÑÐÇ×ÐÇ ± ÑÐÏÃÔËà ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÐÓÏÐÆÄÏÏÝÌÏÄÓ±ÍÈËÆÄÏËËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈ̱ÒÄñÐÔÐÒÝ×ÓÕÔÞ±ÒËÆÝÈqÕÓÔÞ 6 ^U UX Y X Y∈ '` ¶ ÍÄDZÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ±ÒÄÈαÐÔÐÒÐÌÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÒËÆÄÃqÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÄÃÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËñÒËÆÐÌ∂' ^XWYWDPWPE`Ô ÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃÑÒÐÔËÆÙÄÓÐÆÐÌ ÓÔÒÈÍ±Ë ÏÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË X Y Ó ÑÒÄÆÐÌ ÓËÓÔÈÎÐÌ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËà UXW YW D P W P E ÑÐÒÐÉÇÄÈÔÆÑÐÍÏÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÕà ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ±ÒÄà ∂6 ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6ÔÄ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ±ÒÄà ∂6 ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÏÐÌÓÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌUX × UYQ UX × UYÓÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6gÓÔÈÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÓÔÞ ßÔÐÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÎÐÉÏÐ ÑÐÃÓÏËÔÞ ÓÍÈÇÕàÛËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÃÆÏÐ ÊÄÇÄÏÏÕà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ6] I[\[\∈ ' fÍÃÏÈÈÓÎII [I\[Q ± ´ I \ I\ I\I [I \ !Ô ÈÆȱÔÐÒÏÐÒÎÄÍËQsÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐFRV QN I [ I \ÐÅÒÄÊÕÈÔÓÐÓÞà2]ÐÓÔÒÝÌÕÐÍËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÓÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌ ±ÒÄà ∂6 ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÑÐ ÑÒÄÆËÍÕÚÔÐÑÐÒÄ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ±ÐÏÔÕÒÄ ∂6 ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËàÆÒÄÛÈÏËÃÒÕÙ±ËÚÔÐÑÐÒÄÄÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÈÏÐÒÎÄÍËQ ¶ÇÆËÉÈÏËàÓÄÎÐÐÚÔÐÑÐÒÄpÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà Q ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÄ Ó ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌ ÈÈ ±ÒÄà ∂6 ÔÐÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ´Q ÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÄ Ó ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÐÌ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈ̱ÒËÆÐÌ∂6tıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÊÄÇÄÏËÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËQÍÄDZÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÒÄÆÏÐÓËÍÞÏÐ ÊÄÇÄÏËà ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ±ÒËÆÐÌ ∂6 ÃÆÍÃàÛÈÌÓÃÈȱÒÄÈÎqÐßÔÐÎÕÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝ̱ÒÄÌ∂6ÍÄDZÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÅÕÇÈÎÔıÉȱıËÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÕàÈÇËÏËÙÏÕàÏÐÒÎÄÍÞQÏÄÊÝÆÄÔÞÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÉÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ6fÄÏÏÐÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÏÄÍÃÇÏÐ Ë ÕÇÐÅÏÐ ÇÍà ±ÐϱÒÈÔÏÝ×ÑÒËÍÐÉÈÏËÌ gÐ ÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÙÈÓ±Äà ÓÕÛÏÐÓÔÞ ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ Æ ÔÐÎÙÔÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ±ÒÄà ÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÏÐÌÓÈÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌÈÓÍËÔÒÐ̱ÄÆȱÔÐÒÐƱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÌÆȱÔÐÒ ± ±ÒÄà ±ÐÔÐÒÝÌ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝÌ ± ÏÈÎÕÆȱÔÐÒÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏÏÝÌÆÓÔÐÒÐÏÕÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËßÔÐÑÐÏÃÔËÈÏÈÔÒÕÇÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÞ Ë ÆȱÔÐÒ ÊÄÇÄàÛËÌ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÔÈÈÇËÏËÙÏÄÃÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÄÃÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ Æ ÔÐÙ±Ä× ±ÒÄà ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÝ Ôı ÉÈ ±Ä± ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÌ ÒÈÑÈÒ Æ ÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈ Ô È ÑÒÈÐÅÒÄÊÕàÔÓÃ Æ ÏÈÐ ÎÄÔÒËØÈÌÓÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÝÎÐÑÒÈÇÈÍËÔÈÍÈÎfÍÃÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÌÑÄÒÄÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÔ ÈÅÈÊÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÃбıÐÌÍËÅÐÈÈÍÄDZÐÓÔ˱ÒÄÈαÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÐÏÔÕÒ ÈÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ÑÒËÎÈÎ ÊÄ ËÓ×ÐÇÏÐÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÓÄÎÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËqÕÓÔÞ6Ë6µÇÆÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÕ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×±ÒÄõ±ÒËÆÝÈ Ë ÑÕÓÔÞ ßÔË ÇÆÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Ó±ÍÈÈÏÝ Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÑÐ ±ÒËÆÝÎ γ γP ÃÆÍÃàÛËÎÓà ÙÄÓÔÃÎË ±ÒÄÈÆÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ 6 Ë 6 pÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ∂6 Ë ∂6 ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ 6Ë 6 ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÔÑÎÅÔÑÇÅÐÐÞÏÌ ÈÓÍË ±ÄÉÇÄà ËÊ ÏË× ÑÐÒÐÉÇÄÈÔ ÏÄ Ó±ÍÈËÆÄàÛË×Óà ±ÒËÆÝ× γ γP ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÝÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕß6Ô²ÎÉÉÐÐÅÄÌËÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ66PÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÑÓÌÉÐÕÌÓÖÉÏÑÍÉÔÎÌÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖáÕÕŲÌÉ ÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÌ∂6∂6P²ÓÅÉÇ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ66PÚÕÑÈÎÄÎáÆÞØÔÑÔÉÈÐÌØÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÉÍ6LÌ6MÌØÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÌ∂6LÌ∂6MÔÑÎÅÔÑÇÅÐÞsÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞÔıË×ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌÈÓÍËÐÏÄÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÉÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ6gÓÍË Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔË ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌ ±ÒÄÈÆ ∂6LÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ 6L L P ÏÈ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔÐ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ6ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÐÉÑÓÌÉÐÕÌÓÖÉÏÑÍgÓÍËÐÒËÈÏÔÄØË˱ÒÄÈÆ∂6∂6PÃÆÍÃàÔÓÃÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ^6L` ÔÐ ÓÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÝ×Ë× ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌ ÔıÉÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÐÌÒÓÑÕÌÇÑÒÑÎÑÊÐÑÍ ÈÅÐÐÑÍnÐÉÏÐÑбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐÈÓÍËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ6ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÄÔÐÏ˱ıË× ÇÒÕË× ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌ ±ÒÐÎÈ ÇÆÕ× Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ× Õ ÏÈÈÏÈÔpÇÏÄËÊßÔË×ÇÆÕ×ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏбıÄÃÐÅÝÙÏÐÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÄÇÒÕÄõÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌbÏÄÍÐËÙÏÐ ÒÄÏÈÈ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÏÐÎÕ Æ Ñ ÓÍÕÙÄà ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ Õ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ö˱ÓËÒÐÆÄÏÄ ÐÇÏÄ ËÊ ÈÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌ ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÑÓÌÉÐÕÌÓÑÇÅÐÐÑÍ qÒË ßÔÐÎ ÔÄ ËÊÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÝ×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËñÐÔÐÒÐÌÏÄÊÆÄÏÄÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔÓà 6 Ä ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÄà ¶6µlÒÄÌ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÐÆÄÏÏÐÌ Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ^6L`±Ä± ±ÒÄÌ ÆÓñÐÌ Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÓÐÓÔÐËÔ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÎÕ ÆÝÚÈ ËÊ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ÊÄαÏÕÔÝ× ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆlÄÉÇÝÌ ËÊ ßÔË× ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆ Æ ÓÆÐà ÐÙÈÒÈÇÞ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÈÔ ÓÐÅÐÌ ÐÅÜÈÇËÏÈÏËÈ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÐ ÙËÓÍÄ ±ÒËÆÝ× ±ÄÉÇÄà ËÊ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÙÄÓÔÞàÐÇÏÐÐËʱÐÏÔÕÒÐÆ∂6LÄËÎÈÏÏÐÔıÐÌÙÄÓÔÞà ÙÔÐ ÆÓÈ ÈÈ ÔÐÙ±Ë ±ÒÐÎÈ ÅÝÔÞ ÎÐÉÈÔ ±ÐÏØÈÆÝ× ÏÈÓ±ÍÈËÆÄàÔÓÃ Ó ÔÐÙ±ÄÎË ÇÒÕË× ±ÒÄÈÆ ∂6M qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÊÄÇÄÏÏÄÃÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÏÄà ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃÓ±ÍÈÈÏÏÐÌÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ^6L` ÑÐÒÐÉÇÄÈÔ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÝÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË Ô È ÑÐÒÃDZËÔÐÙȱÏÄÕ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×±ÒËÆÝ×nÐÉÏÐÑбÄÊÄÔÞÙÔÐßÔËÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÆÎÈÓÔÈÆÊÃÔÝÈÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÆÓÈ×±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆ Æ×ÐÇÃÛË× Æ ±ÒÄÌ ∂6 Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 sÐÆбÕÑÏÐÓÔÞ ßÔË× ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌ ±ÐÏÔÕÒÐÆ ÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛË× ±ÒÄÌ ∂6ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓà ÑÓÌÉÐÕÅÙÌÉÍ ßÔÐÐ ²ÓÅÄ ÑÐÒÐÉÇÈÏÏÐÌÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ËÍËÙÔÐÔÐÉÈÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÏÐÌÓÏÈÌpÅÒÄÔËÎ ÆÏËÎÄÏËÈ ÏÄ ÔÐ ÙÔÐ ±Ä± Æ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËË Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÏËÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌÆÑÔıËÆÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËËÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÏÈÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÍÐÓÞÇÄÉÈÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË Ó±ÍÈËÆÄÈÎÝ× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ 6 6P qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÐÓÔË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÎÐÉÏÐ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÔÞ ËÇÍà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÝ× ËÊ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÅÈÊ ±Ä±Ë×ÍËÅÐ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÌ ÐÅ Ë× ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÞÏÝ× ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄ× ÈÓÍËÔÐÍޱРÑÐÇ Ë× ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌ ÑÐÏËÎÄÔÞ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË Ë× ±ÒÄÈÆÃÆÍÃàÛË×ÓñÒËÆÝÎËgÓÍË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 Ó±ÍÈÈÏÄ ËÊ ÍÄDZË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ6 6P ÔÐ ÇÍà ÊÄÇÄÏËà ÈÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÎÐÉÏÐ ÊÄÇÄÔÞ ÏıÄÉÇÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË66PÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÝÈÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÈÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÔıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÏÝÈ Ó ÏËÎË ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË∂6L±ÒÄÈÆÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ6LÅÝÍËÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÝÎÈÉÇÕÓÐÅÐÌÆÓÎÝÓÍÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÔ ÈÃÆÍÃÍËÓÞÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÈÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÒËÓ fÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÑÒË ÔıÐÎ ÊÄÇÄÏËË ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÕÊÏÄÔÞÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔ ËÍË ÏÈÔ ÇÆÈ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐ ÑÒÐÆÈÒËÔÞÍËÚÞ Æ ÐÇÏÐÌ ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÍÞÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È Æ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔ ÐÏË ËÍË ÏÈÔgÓÍË Æ ÏÈÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔ ÔÐ ÐÏË ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔ Ë ÆÓàÇÕ Ä ÈÓÍË ÐÏË Æ ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÏÈ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔ Ô ÈÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÝÔÐ ÐÏËËÆÓàÇÕÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÝ ÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ ±Ä± ÆÝÚÈ ÐÔÎÈÙÄÍÐÓÞÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕàÔÔÐÍÞ±ÐÇÆÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËrËÓpÇÏÄ±Ð Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÕÉÈ ÏÈÍÞÊà ÆÆÈÓÔË ÑÐÏÃÔËÈ ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕÃÊÄÇÄÏÏÝÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËà ӱÍÈËÆÄÈÎÝ× ÍÄDZË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ Ë ÅÈÒà ÏÄ ÏË× ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÈ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÑÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ Ôı ±Ä± ßÔË ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËË ÎÐÕÔ Ð±ÄÊÄÔÞÓà ÏÈÓÐÍÄÓÐÆÄÏÏÝÎËqÐßÔÐÎÕ Æ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZË× ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÆÓÈÇÄ ÅÐÍÈÈ ÐÅÓÔÐÃÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÐÐÆÄÒËÆÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ËÎÈÏÏÐ ÑÐÇÒÄÊÕÎÈÆÄÈÔÓÃ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÑÐÇ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÃÎË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÈÌ6L L P ÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÛËÎË Ó±ÍÈÈÏÏÕà ËÊ ÏË×ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ6 ^6L`nÐÉÏÐ ÑбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÆÓñÄà ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÃÆÍÃàÛÄÃÓÃÒÄÏËØÈÌÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌÐÅÍÄÓÔËÔÒÈ×ÎÈÒÏÐÐÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÄ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÄ qÒË ßÔÐÎ ÐÇÏÄ ËÊ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËÌÓÐÓÔÐËÔËÊÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ×ÏÐÒÎÄÍÈÌÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏÏÝ×ÐÔÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÐÅÍÄÓÔÞ ¶ Ôı ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÝ× ÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÌØ ÐÑÓÏÅÎÉÍ ÄÇÒÕÄÃÓÐÓÔÐËÔËÊÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ×ÏÐÒÎÄÍÈÌÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏÏÝ×ÐÔÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÄÒÕÉÕ ÐÔ ÐÅÍÄÓÔË µ Ôı ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÝ× ÇÐÉÛÐÌØÐÑÓÏÅÎÉÍ qÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÔıÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÓÖÈÒÄd±ÄÙÈÓÔÆÈÈÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËÎÐÉÏÐÆÊÃÔÞÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÈÇËÏËÙÏÝÈÏÐÒÎÄÍËÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏÏÝÈ ÑÐÒÄÇËÕÓÕ ÐÔÔÐÙ±ËÓÖÈÒÝ ± ØÈÏÔÒÕÒËÓ qÒËÎÈÒÐÎ ÏÈÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÓÎÝÓÍÈ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÍËÓÔnÂÅËÕÓÄjÏÐÇÄ ÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÝÈ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔ ÔıÉÈ ÈÇÖÔÕÑÓÑÐÐÌÏÌ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÄÏÌ ÐÏË ËÎÈàÔÇÆÈ «ÓÔÐÒÐÏݬ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÛËÈ ÇÆÕÎ ÆÝÅÐÒÄÎ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÝ×ÏÐÒÎÄÍÈÌÊÄÇÄàÛËÎÇÆÈÈÈÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËËsÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÏÈÐÒËÈÏÔËÒÕÈÎÝÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÑÈÐÑÔÕÑÓÑÐÐÌÏÌpÑÒÄÆÇÄÏËÈ ßÔÐÐ ÔÈÒÎËÏÄ ÅÝÍÐ ÑÐÃÓÏÈÏÐ Æ Ñ ÏÄ ÑÒËÎÈÒÈÍËÓÔÄnÂÅËÕÓÄnÝÏÈÅÕÇÈÎÐÓÔÄÏÄÆÍËÆÄÔÞÓÃÏÄÎÄÔÈÎÄÔËÊÄØËËÆÓÈ×ÐÑËÓÄÏÏÝ× ÏÄÍÃÇÏÝ× ÓÐÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÌ Ë ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈ ÆÝÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËÌÔÐÑÐÔÒÈÅÐÆÄÍÐÅÝËÓÑÐÍÞÊÐÆÄÏËÈ ÎÈÔÐÇÐÆ ËÊÕÙÈÏËÈ ±ÐÔÐÒÝ×ÆÝ×ÐÇËÔÊÄÒÄαËÏÄÓÔÐÃÛÈбÕÒÓÄuÑÐÎÃÏÕÔÝÈ ÆÝÚÈ ÅÈÊ ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÄ ÐÅÛËÈÕÔÆÈÒÉÇÈÏËà ÑÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕ ÏÈ ËÓÑÐÍÞÊÕàÔÓÃÆÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎËÊÍÐÉÈÏËËd±ÄÉÇÐαÐϱÒÈÔÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Ð ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÅÕÇÈÔ ËÇÔËÒÈÙÞÎÐÉÏÐÅÕÇÈÔÆÓÈÇÄÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÕ±ÄÊÄÔÞ ±Ä±Äà ËÎÈÏÏÐ ÐÒËÈÏÔÄØËà ÒÄÓrËÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÔÓÃÆÇÄÏÏÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈuqrbhogojgqÕÓÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÝÆȱÔÐÒW˱ÒËÆÄÃΓ {ρXDPXPE`xÌÎÌÐÈÓÌÚÉÔ²ÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßá6ÓÐÅÒÄÊÕàÛÈÌΓËÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÃàÛÈÌÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÞÏÐÌÆȱÔÐÒÕτÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÏÄÃÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎÆËÇÄU UXYGHIρXYWDPXPEFPYPGfбÄÊÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÈÓÍË ±ÒËÆÄÃ Γ ¶ ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÄà ÔÐ Ë ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ6µ±ÕÓÐÙÏÐÍÄDZÄà ¬ÒÊÄÊÉÏÂÌÒÊÄÝ×ÍÇÈÂÛÊ×ÏÂÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔʤÔÐÒÂáÌÄÂÆÒÂÔÊÙÏÂáÖÐÒÎÂÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊsÑÐÎÐÛÞàÑÈÒÆÐ̱ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÝÅÝÍËÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÝÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÇÍà ÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËà ÇÍËÏ ±ÒËÆÝ× ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÕÍÐÆÎÈÉÇÕ ±ÒËÆÝÎË Ë ÑÍÐÛÄÇË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË pÇÏıРÊÏÄÏËÈ ÆÓÈ×ßÔË×ÆÈÍËÙËÏÈÛÈÏÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞoÄÑÒËÎÈÒÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱ÎÐÉÏÐËÊÐÏÕÔÞÔıÙÔÐÐÏÅÕÇÈÔÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÝÆÄÔÞÑÐÍÐÆËÏÕ ÅбÐÆÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ØËÍËÏÇÒÄ ÔÄ ØËÍËÏÇÒËÙÈÓ±ÄÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ Ë ËÓ×ÐÇÏÝÌ ÑÒÃÎÐÕÐÍÞÏ˱ µ ÒÄÊÏÝÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÐÇÏıРÑÒË Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÎ ËÊËÅÄÏËË ÇÍËÏÝ ±ÒËÆÝ× ÕÍÝÎÈÉÇÕÏËÎËËÑÍÐÛÄÇËÙÄÓÔÈÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÐ×ÒÄÏÃàÔÓÃÏÈËÊÎÈÏÏÝÎËdÎÈÓÔÈÓÔÈαÒËÆËÊÏıÒËÆÝ×ÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÑÒËÔıÐÎ ËÊËÅÄÏËË ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÐÆÐÒà ÎÈÏÃÈÔÓà ÑÒÃÎÐÍËÏÈÌÏÝÌÐÔÒÈÊбÎÐÉÈÔÑÈÒÈÌÔËÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÆÑÐÍÕбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔÞfÄÍÞÏÈÌÚËÈÍбÄÍÞÏÝÈËÓÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÏËÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÌÈÈÔÐÙ±ËÅÕÇÈÎÑÒÐÆÐÇËÔÞËÊÕÙÄÃÆÓÈÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝȱÒËÆÝÈÍÈÉÄÛËÈÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛËÈÙÈÒÈÊÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÕàÔÐÙ±ÕÆÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔËËÊÕÙÄñÒËÆËÊÏÝßÔË×±ÒËÆÝ×qÕÓÔÞ6 ^UXYXY∈ '`¶ ÇÆÄÉÇÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ËUXY¶ÈÈÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃÃÏÈÐÓÐÅÄÃÔÐÙ±ÄrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËαÒËÆÕàÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÊÄÇÄÏÏÕàÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎUVUXVYVPVP6ÇÈÖÕϱØËËXVËYVÇÆÄÉÇÝÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÝÏÄÐÔÒÈʱÈ>6@V ¶ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÄÃÇÍËÏÄÇÕ˱ÒËÆÐÌXV XYV YPVP6ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐUV UXYcÕÇÈÎÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÔÐÙ±Ä UV ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÇÍà ±ÒËÆÐÌdÓÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐÆÇÐÍÞ±ÒËÆÐÌÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓÃÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐGU NQGVÇÈ Q ¶ ÍÄÆÏÄà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ±ÒËÆÐÌ Ä N ¶ ÈÈ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÄ cÕÇÈÎÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞÙÔÐN ÔÐÇÄÍÄÆÏÄÃÏÐÒÎÄÍÞQÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÄÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐpÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎ ÙÈÒÈÊ Q ÈÇËÏËÙÏÕà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Æ ÈÈ ÔÐÙ±È UX Y Ë ÙÈÒÈÊ θ ÕÐÍ ÎÈÉÇÕ ÆȱÔÐÒÐÎ Q Ë ÍÄÆÏÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞà Q ±ÒËÆÐÌ Æ ÈÈ ÔÐÙ±È UVÒËÓ tÐÇÄÕÎÏÐÉËÆÓ±ÄÍÃÒÏÐÐÅÈÙÄÓÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄÏÄÆȱÔÐÒQÑÐÍÕÙËÎGU Q NFRVθGVνQGUGVrËÓiÄÎÈÔËÆÙÔÐGUGGXGYGX GX GYGY G GU UXUY UXX UXY UYY GV GV GV GV GVGV GV GV GVGVU XX GX U XY GXGY U YY GY GV ËÊÑÐÍÕÙËÎU QGX U QGXGY U QGY GVXXXYYY NFRVθ dÆÈÇÃÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ/XYGHIUXXQ0XYËÆÓÑÐÎÏËÆÙÔÐGVGHIUXYQ1XY UYYQ(GX )GXGY*GY ÓÎÊÄÑËÚÈÎÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÆÆËÇÈ 0GXGY 1GY NFRV θ /GX(GX )GXGY *GY°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ lÇÅÈÓÅÕÌÚÐÅÄ×ÑÓÏÅ/GX0GX GY1GYÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÇÕÑÓÑͲÇÅÈÓÅÕÌÚÐÑÍ×ÑÓÏÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌgÈ ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÝ / 0 Ë 1 ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓÃ Æ ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒË ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÈÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËË Ë ÆÝÅÐÒÈ ± ÏÈÌ ÈÇËÏËÙÏÐÌÏÐÒÎÄÍËÆÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÐÔßÔÐÐÆÝÅÐÒÄÊÄÆËÓËÔÍËÚÞÊÏı±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆ/01lÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÝÑÈÒÆÐÌ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÝ ÔıÉÈ ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓà ƱÄÉÇÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒË ÊÄÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÈÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÆßÔÐÎÓÍÕÙÄÈÇÒÐÅÞÓÔÐÃÛÄÃÆÑÒÄÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÊÄÆËÓËÔÆÇÄÏÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÐÔÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËà GX GY Æ ÙÈÎ ÍȱРÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓà ÒÄÊÇÈÍËÆ ÙËÓÍËÔÈÍÞËÊÏÄÎÈÏÄÔÈÍÞÇÒÐÅËÏÄGXËÍËGYfÍà ±ÒËÆÐÌ GU UXGX UYGY ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÈGXGYÊÄÇÄÈÔÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËȱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ̱±ÒËÆÐÌÆÔÐÙ±ÈUXYtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎÑÒÄÆÄÃÙÄÓÔÞÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄËÎÈÈÔÐÇÏÐ Ë ÔÐ ÉÈ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× ±ÒËÆÝ× ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛË×ÙÈÒÈÊÔÐÙ±ÕUXYËËÎÈàÛË×ÐÇÏÕËÔÕÉȱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàdÍÈÆÐÌÙÄÓÔËÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÕÐÍθÎÈÉÇÕÆȱÔÐÒÄÎËQË Q ÊÄÆËÓËÔ ÇÍà ÇÄÏÏÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÐÔ ÆȱÔÐÒÄ ÍÄÆÏÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ±ÒËÆÐÌ eÍÄÆÏÄà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ÍÈÉËÔ Æ ÓÐÑÒ˱ÄÓÄàÛÈÌÓà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÈÓÍË ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ÏÈ ÔÐÍޱбÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÄà ± ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÏÐ Ë ÈÈ ÓÐÑÒ˱ÄÓÄàÛÄÃÓà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÔÐ Ó ÔÐÙÏÐÓÔÞà ÇÐ ÊÏÄ±Ä ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏ Ë FRV θ ÍÄÆÏÄà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÎÐÉÈÔ ËÎÈÔÞ ÐÇÏÐ ËÊ ÇÆÕ× ÆÊÄËÎÏÐ ÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÝ× ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÌ ÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÏÝ× ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ± ±ÒËÆÐÌ iÏıFRVθÄÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐËÐÇÏÐËÊÇÆÕ×Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝ×ÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÝ×ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓà ËÊ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÑÐÓ±ÐÍÞ±Õ±ÒËÆËÊÏÄÆÓÈÇÄÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÄjÔı ÈÓÍË ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÄÃ Ë ÓÐÑÒ˱ÄÓÄàÛÄÃÓà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÍÈÉÄÛÈÌ ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Ë ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛÈÌ ÙÈÒÈÊÊÄÇÄÏÏÕà ÔÐÙ±Õ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÔÐ ÈÈ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÄ N ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ /GX 0GXGY 1GY N FRV θ (GX )GXGY *GYjÏÄÙÈÐÆÐÒÃÇбÄÊÄÏÄÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ fÇɲÓÌÇÞÉÐÅÈÇÅÊÈÞÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÔÑÈÐÌÏÌÌÕÉÏÌÊɲÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÞÏÌÌÎÅÇÐÞÏÌÐÑÓÏÅÎÄÏÌÇÑÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÉÍÐÉÑÔÑÆÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÌÏÉáÕÇàÕÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉÑÈÌÐŲÑÇÖá²ÓÌÇÌËÐÖÈÎIJÑÕÑÓÑÍÌÏÉÉÕÏÉÔÕÑ×ÑÓÏÖÎÅfÆÈ ÔıËÈ ±ÒËÆÝÈ ËÎÈàÔ ÐÇÏÕ Ë ÔÕ ÉÈ ÓÐÑÒ˱ÄÓÄàÛÕàÓÃÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ó ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ̱±ÒËÆÐÌoÐ ÐÇÏÕ Ë ÔÕ ÉÈ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà Ë ÓÐÑÒ˱ÄÓÄàÛÕàÓà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÎÐÕÔËÎÈÔÞÎÏÐÐÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝ×±ÒËÆÝ×ÍÈÉÄÛË×ÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËd±Ä±ÐÎÔÐÓÎÝÓÍÈÏÄËÅÐÍÈÈÑÒÐÓÔÐÌËÊÏË×ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÍÐÓ±Äà ±ÒËÆÄà ÍÈÉÄÛÄÃ Æ ÓÐÑÒ˱ÄÓÄàÛÈÌÓà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËtıËÎÐÅÒÄÊÐÎËÊÕÙÈÏËȱÒËÆËÊÏݱÒËÆÝ×ÍÈÉÄÛË×ÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÓÆÐÇËÔÓà ± ËÊÕÙÈÏËà ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ÑÍÐÓ±Ë× ±ÒËÆÝ× ¶ÓÈÙÈÏËÌÇÄÏÏÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎËoÄÑÐÎÏËÎÙÔÐ ÑÍÐÓ±Äà ±ÒËÆÄà ÑÐÍÏÐÓÔÞà Ó ÔÐÙÏÐÓÔÞà ÇÐ ÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËà ÆÑÒÐÓÔÒÄÏÓÔÆÈÊÄÇÄÈÔÓÃÓÆÐÈ̱ÒËÆËÊÏÐÌÓÎÑ pÅÒÄÔËÎ ÆÏËÎÄÏËÈ ÏÄ ÔÐ ÙÔÐ ÎÝ ËÊÕÙÄÈÎ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ËqÐßÔÐÎÕÆÊÄÎݱÄÏËËÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ßÔÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÇÐÑÕÓ±ÄÈÔ ÃÆÏÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÓÎÑ ËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞà ÓÎ Ñ qÐÇÐÅÏÝÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÙÄÓÔÞ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÆÊÄÎݱÄÏËË ÏȱÐÔÐÒÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÌ ÇÕÐÌ ÓÎ Ñ qÒÐÓÔÝÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË Ë ÑÒÐÓÔÝÈÇÕË ÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÓà ÓÆÐËÎË ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÃÎË ÑÐßÔÐÎÕÎÝ ÊÇÈÓÞ ÆÎÈÓÔÐ «ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔˬ ËÍË «ÏÐÓËÔÈÍÞ ±ÒËÆÐ̬ÐÆÐÒËÎÑÒÐÓÔЫÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞËÍ˱ÒËÆÄìsÈÙÈÏËÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎËÅÕÇÕÔÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏÝÙÕÔÞÑÐÊÉÈÄÓÈÌÙÄÓÆÈÒÏÈÎÓñÐÆÔÐÒÐ̱ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈ ³ÄÐËÓÔÄÂÄÔÐÒÐËÌÄÂÆÒÂÔÊÙÏÐËÖÐÒÎÝÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊiÏÄÏËÈ ÑÈÒÆÐÌ Ë ÆÔÐÒÐÌ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÝ× ÖÐÒÎ ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÇÄÈÔÆÐÊÎÐÉÏÐÓÔÞÆÝÙËÓÍÃÔÞ±ÒËÆËÊÏݱÒËÆÝ×ÍÈÉÄÛË×ÏÄßÔÐÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÆÄÉÏÐ ËÎÈÔÞ ÕÇÐÅÏÝÈ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÇÍÃÆÝÙËÓÍÈÏËñÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÐÆÆÔÐÒÐ̱ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÝÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6 ^UXYXY∈ '`gÓÍËÊÄÈÇËÏËÙÏÕàÏÐÒÎÄÍÞQ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÆÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÈÈÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÆÊÃÔޱıÐÅÝÙÏÐÆȱÔÐÒU ×UUX × UYXYQ ËÆÓÑÐÎÏËÔÞÓÎÙÔÐ_UX¨UY_ (* µ ) ÔÐËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÑÐÍÕÙËÎ(U U U )(U U U )(* µ ) (* µ ) (U U U )XX XYXY XYYY XY/X Y 0X Y 1X Y (* µ )ÇÈÆÙËÓÍËÔÈÍÈÇÒÐÅÈÌÓÔÐÃÔÓÎÈÚÄÏÏÝÈÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÃÆȱÔÐÒÐÆoÈÔÒÕÇÏÐÊÄÑËÓÄÔÞßÔËÖÐÒÎÕÍÝËƱÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÈsÇÈÍÄÈÎßÔÐÇÍÃÓÍÕÙÄñÐÇÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ6ÊÄÇÄÈÔÓÃÃÆÏÝÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ] I[\[\∈8iÇÈÓÞ 8 ¶ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÐÈ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ d ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÓÎ(*´) I [ I \ÄÔı±Ä±ÒÄÇËÕÓÆȱÔÐÒUÔÐÙȱÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÎÈÈÔÆËÇU [\I[\ÔÐ I [[ I [\ I \ I \U[[ U[U\ I [ I[[U[\U[U\ I [ I[\ I [\U\\U[U\ I [ I\\ I \tıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ Æ ÓËÍÕ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ËÎÈÈÎIII[[[\\\ 0 1 / I [ I \ I [ I \ I [ I \fÍà ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÐ ÄÏÄÍËÊÄ ÆÔÐÒÐÌ ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌ ÖÐÒÎÝÆÝÅÈÒÈÎ ÅÐÍÈÈ ÓÑÈØËÄÍÞÏÕà ÓËÓÔÈÎÕ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÑÈÒÈÏÈÓÈÎÏÄÙÄÍбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÆÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÕàÔÐÙ±ÕÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÊÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[\ÆÝÅÈÒÈαÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÎÑ qÕÓÔÞÇÍÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË] I[\[\∈8±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [ \ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÆÔÐÙ±ÈËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐI I[ I\ dÔÐÒÄà ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÄà ÖÐÒÎÄ Æ ÔÐÙ±È Æ ßÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈÑÒËÏËÎÄÈÔÆËÇÓÎI[\G[I[\G[G\I\\G\Ô È ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔ ÓÐ ÆÔÐÒÝÎ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÄÍÐÎ ÖÕϱØËË I Æ ßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈrÄÊÍÐÉËÎ ÖÕϱØËà I ÑÐ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÈ tÈÌÍÐÒÄ Æ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±ËdÓËÍÕÑÐÍÕÙËÎ] I[[[I[\[\I\\\R[\[\{Ô ÈÆÔÐÒÄñÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÄÃÖÐÒÎÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÆÔÐÙ±ÈI[[[I[\[\I\\\ÓÔÐÙÏÐÓÔÞàÇÐÑÐÓÔÐÃÏÏÐÐÎÏÐÉËÔÈÍÃÒÄÆÏÄÍÄÆÏÐÌÙÄÓÔË ÐÔ±ÍÐÏÈÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÐÔ ÈÈ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÑÒËÓÔÒÈÎÍÈÏËËÔÐÙ±ËÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔ˱ÔÐٱȱÄÓÄÏËÃvÐÒÎÕÍÝ Ë ÒÄÓ±ÒÝÆÄàÔ ÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ËÌÓÎÝÓÍÆÔÐÒÐ̱ÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÐÌÖÐÒÎÝ ±ÍÐÓÌÊÇÓÇÙÇÏÊáÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊlı ÎÝ ÆËÇÈÍË ËÊÕÙÈÏËÈ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ±ÒËÆÝ× ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÆÐÇËÔÓñËÊÕÙÈÏËà±ÒËÆËÊÏÝÓÈÙÈÏËÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎË qÒÈÉÇÈ ÆÓÈÐ ÑбÄÉÈÎ ÙÔÐ ÆÐÐÅÛÈ ÐÆÐÒà ÑÒË ÓÈÙÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎË ÇÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÑÐÍÕÙÄàÔÓñÒËÆÝÈdÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈ«ÆÐÐÅÛÈÐÆÐÒìÇÐÅÄÆÍÈÏÐÔı±Ä±Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÈÃÆÍÈÏËÈÏÈÆÓÈÇÄËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒÑÒËÓÈÙÈÏËËÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÛÈÌ Ó ÏÈÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓà ØÈÍÄÃÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ Ä ÏÈ ±ÒËÆÄà ÑÒË ÓÈÙÈÏËË ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ] [ ´ \ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ] ÑÐÍÕÙÄÈÔÓà ÑÄÒÄ ÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛË×Óà ÑÒÃÎÝ×[\ [ ¶\ qÒË ËÊÕÙÈÏËË ÓÈÙÈÏËÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÐÒÄÏËÙËÎÓà ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËÈÎ ÔÐÍޱРÈÈ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÝ× ÔÐÙȱ Ë ÅÕÇÈÎ ÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ ÙÔÐÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÄÃÆÏÐËÙÔÐÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[\ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÔÐÏÈÐÒÄÏËÙËÆÄÈÔÐÅÛÏÐÓÔËÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËÌÔı±Ä±ÍбÄÍÞÏÐÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÆ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌ ÔÐÙ±È ÆÓÈÇÄ ËÎÈÈÔ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÈ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈ ÓÎÍÈÎÎÕ Æ Ñ Ä ±ÒËÆËÊÏÄ ±ÒËÆÝ× ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ±ÐÔÐÒÄÃÏÄÓÅÕÇÈÔËÏÔÈÒÈÓÐÆÄÔÞÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÍбÄÍÞÏÝÎÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐÎ § ® ® ¢ gÔÎÌ] I[\[\∈'¶ÈÇÅÊÈÞÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÅÄÐÅÑÕ²ÓÞÕÑÏÏÐÑÊÉÔÕÇÉ'×ÖвÙÌÄ∈'I I[ I\ Õ É ²ÑÑÓÈÌÐÅÕÐÅÄ ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕß ÒÉÓÉÏÉÐÐÞØ [ Ì \ ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔIJÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÑÍ ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕßá ² ÓÅ×Ì²Ö ×ÖвÙÌÌ IË Π ¶ÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕß ÒÓÑØÑÈÄÜÅÄ ÚÉÓÉË ÕÑÚ²Ö Ì ÐÉ ²ÅÔÅáÜÅÄÔÄ ÇàÕÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉÓÅ×̲Å6×ÖвÙÌÌIÕÑÔÖÜÉÔÕÇÖÉÕÕŲÅÄѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕß8ÕÑÚ²ÌÚÕÑÒÉÓÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÉÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ6ÔÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕßáΠÔÑÈÉÓÊÅÜÉÉÔÄÇËÅÏÞ²ÅÐÌÌ8 ѲÓÉÔÕÐÑÔÕÌ8ÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄ ÈÇÅÊÈÞ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍ ÒÓÑÔÕÑÍ ÈÖÑÍÈÎIJÑÕÑÓÑÍÕÑÚ²ÅÄÇÎÄÉÕÔÄÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÉÍÕÑÚ²Ñͦ Ð Ì Â É Â Ô Ç Í Þ Ó Ô Ä Ð uÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Π ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛÈÌÙÈÒÈÊÏÄÙÄÍбÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ$[%\&] ÑÒËÙÈÎ ÈÓÍË ßÔÄ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÏÈ ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞàÆÔÐٱȱÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6Ô ÈÏÈÓÐÆÑÄÇÄÈÔÓ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [ \ ÓÎ ÔÐ ±ÐßÖÖËØËÈÏÔÝ$Ë%ÏÈÎÐÕÔÐÇÏÐÆÒÈÎÈÏÏÐÐÅÒÄÔËÔÞÓÃÆÏÕÍÞ$%!qÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÆÝÒÄÉÈÏËÈÇÍÃ]ÑÐÍÕÙËÎGHI)[\ $[%\&I[\ ÐÔ±ÕÇÄ)[ $)\ %sÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÕÓÍÐÆËà ×ÐÔà ÅÝ ÐÇÏÄ ËÊ ßÔË× ÙÄÓÔÏÝ×ÑÒÐËÊÆÐÇÏÝ× ÏÈ ÒÄÆÏÄ ÏÕÍà qÕÓÔÞ ÇÍà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏÏÐÓÔË)\ tı±Ä±±ÒÐÎÈÔÐÐ) ÔÐËÊÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ Ð ÏÈÃÆÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÃ× ÑÒËÎÈÏÈÏÏÐÌ ± ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÔıÄÃбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ8 ^[\D [ EF \ G`ÔÐÙ±ËÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[\ƱÐÔÐÒÐÌÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ Ä ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Ë ÓËÓÔÈÎÄ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÌ ËÎÈàÔÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÈÒÈÚÈÏËÈ\ ϕ[[∈αβÇÈ α β ¶ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÌ ËÏÔÈÒÆÄÍ ÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÌ ÔÐÙ±Õ [ ËÍÈÉÄÛËÌ Æ ËÏÔÈÒÆÄÍÈ D E ÔÐ ÐÊÏÄÙÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ Æ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔËÔÐÙ±ËÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÊÄÇÄÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ [ [\ ϕ[] I[ϕ[α [ βgÓÍËÔÈÑÈÒÞα D E βÔбÒËÆÄÃ\ ϕ[] I[ϕ[DP[PEÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÑÒÐÓÔÐÌ ÇÕÐÌ ÐÔÐÅÒÄÉÈÏËÈ ÆÊÄËÎÏÐÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐ ËÎÈàÛÈÌ ÔÐÙ±Õ ÓÆÐÈÌ ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌ ÔÐÙ±ÐÌdÝÅÈÒÈÎÔÈÑÈÒÞÙËÓÍÄFËGÔıÙÔÐÅÝF F G GËÑÕÓÔÞ8 ^[\]D [ EF \ G´ ] `¶ ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÝÌ ÐÔ±ÒÝÔÝÌ ÑÄÒÄÍÍÈÍÈÑËÑÈÇ ÃÆÍÃàÛËÌÓÃÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞàÔÐÙ±ËyÄÓÔÞ±ÒËÆÐÌÍÈÉÄÛÄÃÆÊÄÎݱÄÏËË 8 бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÔÐÙ±ËÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÌÇÕÐÌÙÄÓÔÞàÑÒÐÓÔÐÌÇÕËÇÍñÐÔÐÒÐÌÔÐÙ±ÄÔıÉÈÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÔÐÙ±ÐÌvÕϱØËÃIÑÐÕÓÍÐÆËàÇÆÄÉÇÝÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÑÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ Ð ÏÈÃÆÏÝ× ÖÕϱØËÃ× ÖÕϱØËà ϕÓÎ ÔıÉÈ ÇÆÄÉÇÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄ ÄÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ Ë ÑÒÐÓÔÄà ÇÕÄ ÇÆÄÉÇÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÄd ÇÄÍÞÏÈÌÚÈÎ ÏÄÓ ÅÕÇÈÔ ËÏÔÈÒÈÓÐÆÄÔÞ ÓÔÒÕ±ÔÕÒÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÍËÚÞÆÅÍËÊËÇÄÏÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ËËÎÝÆÓÈÇÄÅÕÇÈÎÑÒÈÇÑÐÍÄÄÔÞ ÙÔÐ ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÆÝÅÒÄÏÄ ÔıÄà бÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔÞ ßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ËÙÔÐÑÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËȱÄÉÇÐÌÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÓÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞà Æ ÏÄÚË× ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËÃ× ÆÓÈÇÄ ÕÙÄÓÔÆÕÈÔÍËÚÞ ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÈ ÎÏÐÉÈÓÔÆÐ ÔıË× ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÈÌ ÍÈÉÄÛÈÈ Æ ÊÄÎݱÄÏËË Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÅÕÇÈÔ ÆÓÈÇÄ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÃÔÞÓÐÅÐÌ ±ÒËÆÕà ÇÄÉÈ ÑÒÐÓÔÕà ÇÕÕ ÙÔÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÍÈÎÎÈ ÆÓÈÇÄËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÇÍÃÇÐÓÔÄÔÐÙÏÐÎÄÍÐÌбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ¯ÐÒÎÂÍÞÏÝÇÓÇÙÇÏÊáÑÐÄÇÒ×ÏÐÓÔÊsÒÈÇË ÆÓÈ× ÓÈÙÈÏËÌ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎË ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛËÎËÙÈÒÈÊ ÏȱÐÔÐÒÕà ÈÈ ÔÐÙ±Õ ÐÓÐÅÕà ÒÐÍÞ ËÒÄàÔ Ôı ÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÎÝÈ ÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÞÉ ÔÉÚÉÐÌÄ Ô È ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏÏÝÈÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎËÓÐÇÈÒÉÄÛËÎËÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÆÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌ ÈÈ ÔÐÙ±È tıËÈ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÞÏÌÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕÄÏÌoÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ× ÓÈÙÈÏËÌ ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛË× ÙÈÒÈÊ ÇÄÏÏÕà ÔÐÙ±ÕÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÎÏÐÐ pÇÏıРÈÓÍË ÊÄÒÄÏÈÈ ÊÄÇÄÔÞÑÒÃÎÕà ±ÐÔÐÒÄà ÇÐÍÉÏÄ ÅÝÔÞ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ± ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÎÕÓÈÙÈÏËà ßÔÄ ÑÒÃÎÄà ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÇÐÍÉÏÄ ÍÈÉÄÔÞ Æ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔ˱ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÇÈÍÈÉÄÔ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÝȱÐÆÓÈαÒËÆÝÎÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÎÑ ÔÐÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐdÓÄÎÐÎÇÈÍÈßÔÐÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ ÇÐÍÉÏÐ ÍÈÉÄÔÞ Æ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛÈÌ ÙÈÒÈÊ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËË ÙÈÒÈÊÊÄÇÄÏÏÕà±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàÔı±Ä± ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÄà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ ÍÈÉËÔ Æ ÔÐÌ ÉÈ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÇÈ Ë±ÒËÆÄÃqÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÉÈÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛÄÃÙÈÒÈÊÇÆÈÑÈÒÈÓȱÄàÛËÈÓÃÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÏÝÈÑÒÃÎÝÈÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÇÏÐÊÏÄÙÏÐqÈÒÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÎ ßÔÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Ó ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÊÄÇÄÏÏÄà ÑÒÃÎÄà Ôı ±Ä± ÐÏÄ ÍÈÉËÔ ÆÐÅÈË× ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃ× qÐÍÕÙËÆÚÈÈÓà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈ ÓÈÙÈÏËÈ ÅÕÇÈÔËÎÈÔÞÓÆÐÈ̱ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÊÄÇÄÏÏÕàÑÒÃÎÕàÔı±Ä±ÈбÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÄà ÇÐÍÉÏÄ Ó ÐÇÏÐÌ ÓÔÐÒÐÏÝ ÍÈÉÄÔÞ Æ ÈÐ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÄÓÇÒÕÐÌ ¶Æ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔ˱ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËoÄÙÏÈÎËÊÕÙÈÏËȱÒËÆËÊÏÝÑÍÐÓ±Ë×±ÒËÆÝ×ÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓËÊÕÙÈÏËñÒËÆËÊϱÒËÆÝ×ËÎÈàÛË×ÐÇÏÕËÔÕÉȱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàqÕÓÔÞ U X Y ¶ ÏÈÐÓÐÅÄà ÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÃà ÔÐÙ±Ä ÇÆÄÉÇÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËαÒËÆÝÈ ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛËÈ ÙÈÒÈÊ ßÔÕ ÔÐÙ±Õ Ë ËÎÈàÛËÈÐÅÛÕà ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà gÓÍË ÙÈÒÈÊ ßÔÕ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà Ë ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÑÒÐÆÈÓÔËÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÔÐÑÐÍÕÙËÎÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈΓ±ÒËÆËÊÏÕ±ÐÔÐÒÐÐÐÅÐÊÏÄÙËÎNrÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎÓÍÕÙÄ̱ÐÇÄN eÍÄÆÏÄÃÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐÓÈÙÈÏËÃΓÍÈÉËÔÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐÆÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÓÈÙÈÏËÃËÑÐßÔÐÎÕÅÕÇÕÙËÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÏÐÌ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏÄ ÑÐ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËdÝÅÈÒÈÎÊÄÏÐÒÎÄÍÞQ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÆÔÐÙ±ÈU X YÍÄÆÏÕà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÓÈÙÈÏËÃΓ ÔÐÇÄ ÕÐÍ ÎÈÉÇÕ ÏËÎËÒÄÆÈÏÏÕÍàËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝËÎÈÈÎ 0GXGY 1GY N /GX(GX )GXGY *GYfÍà ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ÍàÅÐÌ ÇÒÕÐÌ ±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ ÍÈÉÄÛÈÌ ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ±ÐÔÐÒÄà ÑÒÐ×ÐÇËÔ ÙÈÒÈÊ ÔÐÙ±Õ UX Y Ë ËÎÈÈÔÔÕÉȱÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕàÆßÔÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÙÔÐËÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈΓÓÑÒÄÆÈÇÍËÆÄÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ 0GX GY 1GYNFRVθ = /GX (GX )GX GY *GYÇÈ θ ¶ ÕÐÍ ÎÈÉÇÕ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞà Q ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 Ë ÍÄÆÏÐÌÏÐÒÎÄÍÞàQ±ÒËÆÐÌqÒÄÆÝÈÙÄÓÔËÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÄÆÏÝÔı±Ä±ÊÄÆËÓÃÔÔÐÍÞ±ÐÐÔÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÃGXGYÔ ÈÐÔ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ̱ÐÔÐÒÄÃ Õ ÏË× ÐÅÛÄà jÊ ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÄ ÑÒÄÆÝ× ÙÄÓÔÈÌ ßÔË× ÖÐÒÎÕÍÓÍÈÇÕÈÔËÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐÍÈÆÝ×Ë×ÙÄÓÔÈÌN NFRVθjÔıÎÝÑÒËÚÍ˱ÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ ÔÇÐÒÇήÇÏÞÇ gÔÎÌÇÑÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÉÍÐÉÑÔÑÆÑÍÕÑÚ²ÉÈÇÅÊÈÞÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÖÐɲÑÕÑÓÑÑÉÉÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÑÑÔÉÚÉÐÌÄÓÅÈÌÖÔ²ÓÌÇÌËÐÞ5²ÑÐÉÚÉÐ ÕÑ ÓÅÈÌÖÔ ²ÓÌÇÌËÐÞ 5 ÎáÆÑÍ ÈÓÖÑÍ ²ÓÌÇÑÍ ÌÏÉáÜÉÍÕÖ ÊÉ ²ÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÖá ÚÕÑ Ì Ö²ÅËÅÐÐÑÉ ÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÑÉ ÔÉÚÉÐÌÉÓÅÇÉÐ5ÖÏÐÑÊÉÐÐÑÏÖÐŲÑÔÌÐÖÔÖÎÅθÏÉÊÈÖÐÑÓÏÅÎßá²ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÌÎÅÇÐÑÍÐÑÓÏÅÎßá²²ÓÌÇÑÍ5 5FRVθÔÄ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÓÒÄÊÕ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ËÊ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ Ôı ±Ä±N 5N 5fÄÇËÎÈÐÎÈÔÒËÙÈÓ±ÕàËÏÔÈÒÑÒÈÔÄØËàÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÓÈqÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕßÙÈÏËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ÑÒÐ0×ÐÇÃÛÈÌ ÙÈÒÈÊ ÔÐÙ±Õ 0 U X YË ÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÏÐÌ ÐÅÛÈÌ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞθÏÐÌÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÝ×±ÒËÆÝ×ÒËÓ 55d ßÔÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÍÈÉÄÔ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ Q ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 Ë ÍÄÆÏÄà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞ Q&±ÒËÆÐÌ Γ ÐÏË ÐÅÈ ÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÏÝ&QÐÅÛÈÌ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ± ±ÒËÆÝÎ ÓÍÈÇÐνÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐËØÈÏÔÒݱÒËÆËÊÏ&Ë&ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÈÏÏÐ ±ÒËÆÝ× Γ Ë Γ sÐÐÔÏÐrËÓh nÈÏÞȶ ¶ÖÒÄÏØÕÊÓ±ËÌÎÄÔÈÎÄÔ˱ÚÈÏËÈÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÙÔÐØÈÏÔÒݱÒËÆËÊÏ&ÓÐÓÔÄÆÍÃàÔбÒÕÉÏÐÓÔÞ ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÐÌ ÐÔÒÈÊб ns ÇÍËÏÝ 5 ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÇËÄÎÈÔÒÐÎgÓÍË ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÔÞ ÔÐÍޱРÑÍÐÓ±ËÈ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËËÎÈàÛËÈ ÐÅÛÕà ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà Ó ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝÎ ÓÈÙÈÏËÈÎ ΓÔ È ÐÅÒÄÊÐÆÄÏÏÝÈ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎË ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛËÎË ÙÈÒÈÊ ßÔÕ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÔÐ ÏÄ ÒËÓ ÑÒÃÎÄà 0& ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ÓÍÈÇÐÎ ÏÄÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÙÈÒÔÈÉÄÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐÓÈÙÈÏËÃÑÒÃÎÄÃ0& ¶ÓÍÈÇÐÎÓȱÕÛÈÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÄθ ¶ÕÍÐÎÎÈÉÇÕßÔËÎËÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎË vÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÑбÄÊÝÆÄÈÔ ÙÔÐ ØÈÏÔÒ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ & ÍàÅÐÐÑÍÐÓ±ÐÐÓÈÙÈÏËÃÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÐÓÏÐÆÄÏËÈÎÑÈÒÑÈÏÇ˱ÕÍÃÒÄÐÑÕÛÈÏÏÐÐ ÏÄ ÓȱÕÛÕà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ËÊ ØÈÏÔÒÄ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ &ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ËÎÈàÛÈÐ ÔÕ ÉÈ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÙÔÐ ËÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÈÑÍÐÓ±ÐÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈqÒËÆÒÄÛÈÏËËÓȱÕÛÈÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËÐÔÓÐÆÑÄÇÈÏËÃÈÈÓÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝÎ ÓÈÙÈÏËÈÎ ÇÐ ÓÐÆÑÄÇÈÏËÃ Ó ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞàßÔÐÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕÈÔËÊÎÈÏÈÏËàÕÍÄθÐÔÇÐπÒÄÇËÕÓ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ËÊÎÈÏÃÈÔÓà ÐÔ 5 ÇÐ Æ ÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË ±ÐÇÄ ÓȱÕÛÄà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÓÔÒÈÎËÔÓà ± ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Ô Èθ{πÒÄÇËÕÓ±ÒËÆËÊÏÑÍÐÓ±Ë×ÓÈÙÈÏËÌÅÕÇÈÔÓÔÒÈÎËÔÞÓñÏÕÍàÄÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐË×±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ¶±ÅÈÓ±ÐÏÈÙÏÐÓÔËlÐÏÈÙÏÐ ÓÐÍÄÓÏÐ ÔÈÐÒÈÎÈ Ñ ÔıËÎ ÉÈ ÅÕÇÈÔ ËÊıÐÏËÊÎÈÏÈÏËñÒËÆËÊϱÒËÆÝ×±ÐÔÐÒÝÈËÎÈàÔÐÅÛÕà±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà Ó ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝÎ ÓÈÙÈÏËÈÎΓ Ë ÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÝÈ ÓȱÕÛËÈ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ÓÐÑÒ˱ÄÓÄàÛËÎËÓà ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÃÎË¥ÍÂÄÏÝÇÌÒÊÄÊÉÏݶÐÒÎÕÍ¿ËÍÇÒÂdÔÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ±ÐÇÄ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÔÓà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÆÇÄÏÏÐÌÈÈÔÐÙ±ÈÇÍÃÈбÒËÆËÊÏÝNËÎÈÈÔÎÈÓÔÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÓζ 0GXGY 1GY /GX 0GXGY 1GY ¥N /GXGV(GX )GXGY *GYÔı±Ä±ÕÐÍθÎÈÉÇÕÏÐÒÎÄÍÞàQ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ËÍÄÆÏÐÌÏÐÒÎÄÍÞà Q ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÒÄÆÈÏ ËÍË π Ä ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐFRVθ ¥rÄÓÓÎÐÔÒËÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ±Ä± ËÊÎÈÏÃàÔÓà ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ× ÓÈÙÈÏËÌ Æ ÊÄÆËÓËÎÐÓÔË ÐÔ ÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÓÈÙÈÏËÃÆÏÈÐÓÐÅÐÌÆÏÕÔÒÈÏÏÈÌÔÐÙ±ÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËlıËÊÆÈÓÔÏÐÆ Ð±ÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÔıÐÌ ÔÐÙ±Ë ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ ÆÓÈÇÄ ÎÐÉÏÐ ÊÄÇÄÔÞÃÆÏÝÎ ÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎ Æ ±ÐÔÐÒÐÎ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÎÝ×ÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà Æ ÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÈÎÐÌÔÐÙ±È ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÓÎÑ nÝ ËÅÕÇÈÎÒÄÓÓÎÄÔÒËÆÄÔÞÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞÊÄÇÄÏÏÕàÔıËÎÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÈÎqÕÓÔÞ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔÞ 6 ÊÄÇÄÏÄ ÇÆÄÉÇÝ ÏÈÑÒÈÒÝÆÏÐ ÇËÖÖÈÒÈÏØËÒÕÈÎÐÌÖÕϱØËÈÌI[\ÆбÒÈÓÔÏÐÓÔË8ÔÐÙ±Ë] I[\[\∈8ÑÒËÙÈαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÄÃÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ×[\ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓñÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÆÈÈÔÐÙ±ÈIËÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐI I[ I\ dÆÈÇÈÎÓÍÈÇÕÛËÈÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÈÏËà I [[GHI I[[I [\GHI I[\ I \\GHII\\ËÊÄÖ˱ÓËÒÕÈαıÕàÍËÅÐÈÇËÏËÙÏÕàÏÐÒÎÄÍÞQ±ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÆÔÐÙ±ÈÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒQ vÐÒÎÕÍÄÇÍñÒËÆËÊÏÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÈÙÈÏËÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ÆÔÐÙ±ÈËÎÈÈÔÆËÇÓÎËI G[ I G[ G\ I G\ GV[[[\\\ ¥N lÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÄà ± ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÎÕ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÍÈÉËÔ Æ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔËG\ FRV ϕ VLQ ϕ ÇÈ ÓÎÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÝ× [ \ ÑÐßÔÐÎÕ G[GVGV Ë ϕ ¶ ÕÐÍ ÎÈÉÇÕ ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ± ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÎÕ ÓÈÙÈÏËà Ë ÐÓÞà 2[ qÐßÔÐÎÕ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÇÍà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÈÙÈÏËÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË6ËÎÈÈÔÆËÇ FRVϕ I FRVϕ VLQϕ I VLQϕ¥N I [[[\\\fÍÃÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝÊÄÑËÓËÐÔÏÈÓÈÎÊÇÈÓÞÊÏıÎËÏÕÓ±±ÒËÆËÊÏÈNÔ È ÅÕÇÈÎ ÓÙËÔÄÔÞ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÕ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÑÐÍÐÉËÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ÈÓÍË ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËà ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ± ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË 6 Ë ÍÄÆÏÐÌ ÏÐÒÎÄÍË ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÓÐÆÑÄÇÄàÔ Ë ÐÔÒËØÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌÈÓÍËÐÏËËÎÈàÔÑÒÐÔËÆÐÑÐÍÐÉÏÐÈÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÈqÒËßÔÐÎÓÐÍÄÚÈÏËËËÎÈÈÎ FRVϕ I FRVϕ VLQϕ I VLQϕN I [[[\\\qÐÆÈÒÏÈÎ ÔÈÑÈÒÞ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝÈ ÐÓË 2[ Ë 2\ Æ Ë× ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔË Ôı ÙÔÐÅÝ ÙÍÈÏ Ó ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏËÈÎ ±ÐÓËÏÕÓÄËÓËÏÕÓÄÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÈÐÅÒÄÔËÍÓÃÆÏÕÍÞÔÐÆÓÈÇÄÎÐÉÏÐÓÇÈÍÄÔÞÓÐÍÄÓÏÐÐÅÛÈÌÔÈÐÒËËÑÒËÆÈÇÈÏËñÆÄÇÒÄÔËÙÏÝ×ÖÐÒÎ ± ±ÄÏÐÏËÙÈÓ±ÐÎÕ ÆËÇÕ dÑÒÐÙÈÎ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÎ ÓÍÕÙÄÈ ÆßÔÐÎÍȱÐÕÅÈÇËÔÞÓÃÏÈÑÐÓÒÈÇÓÔÆÈÏÏÐd ÓÄÎÐÎ ÇÈÍÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÔÐÙ±Ë Ø Ö ÆÝÒÄÉÄàÔÓà ÙÈÒÈÊÈÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ [ \ Æ ÓËÓÔÈÎÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔ ÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÐÌ ÑÐÆÐÒÐÔÐαÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÝ×ÐÓÈÌÏÄÕÐÍψÑÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÄÎ[ [FRVψ´\VLQψ\ [VLQψ\FRVψqÐÇÅÈÒÈÎÕÐÍψÔıÙÔÐÅÝÇÍÃÖÕϱØËËI [\GHII[FRVψ´\VLQψ[VLQψ\FRVψËÎÈÍÐÎÈÓÔÐÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐI [\ tı±Ä±I [ I[FRVψI\VLQψÔÐI [\ ´I[[FRVψ VLQψI[\FRVψ´VLQψI\\ VLQψFRVψ I\\´I[[VLQψI[\FRVψ ÓÍÈÇÐÆÄÔÈÍÞÏÐ ÇÍà ÔÐÐ ÙÔÐÅÝ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÍÐÓÞ ÕÓÍÐÆËÈ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÆÝÅÒÄÔÞÕÐÍψÔıÙÔÐÅÝI µ II [\[[\\FWJψ qÐÓÍÈ ÑÐÆÐÒÐÔÄ ÏÄ ßÔÐÔ ÕÐÍ ψ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÄ ÑÒËÏËÎÄÈÔÆËÇN NFRVϕNVLQϕiÇÈÓÞ N I [ [ N I \ \ Äϕ ¶ÕÐÍÎÈÉÇÕ±ÄÓÄÔÈÍÞÏÐÌ ± ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÎÕ ÓÈÙÈÏËà Ë ÏÐÆÐÌ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÏÐÌ ÐÓÞà2[ fÍà ÑÒÐÓÔÐÔÝ ÏÐÆÝÈ ±ÐÐÒÇËÏÄÔÝ ÅÕÇÈÎ ÐÅÐÊÏÄÙÄÔÞÑÐÑÒÈÉÏÈÎÕÙÈÒÈÊ[Ë\ÅÈÊÊÆÈÊÇÐÙȱjÊ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÙÔÐ N ÃÆÍÃÈÔÓà ±ÒËÆËÊÏÐÌÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏÏÐÐ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞàÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛÈÌÙÈÒÈÊÐÓÞ2[ÄN ¶±ÒËÆËÊÏÐÌÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÑÒÐËÊÆÈÇÈÏÏÐÐ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÌ ÑÍÐÓ±ÐÓÔÞà ÑÒÐ×ÐÇÃÛÈÌÙÈÒÈÊÐÓÞ2\jÊ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÝ ÓÍÈÇÕÈÔ ÔıÉÈ ÙÔÐ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ N Ë NÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ߱ÓÔÒÈÎÄÍÞÏÝÎË ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÎË ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ× ±ÒËÆËÊÏfÈÌÓÔÆËÔÈÍÞÏÐÈÓÍËN NÔÐËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÑÐÍÕÙËÎ ÙÔÐ ÇÍà ÆÓÈ× ÕÍÐÆ ϕ ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓà ÒÄÆÈÏÓÔÆÐ N NNÔ ÈÙÔбÒËÆËÊÏÄÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÕÍÄϕgÓÍËÉÈN NËÏÄÑÒËÎÈÒN!NÔÐÊÄÑËÓÄÆÖÐÒÎÕÍÕÆÆËÇÈN N´NFRVϕNFRVϕVLQϕ N´NFRVϕNÑÐÍÕÙËÎÙÔÐNONËN N´NFRVϕNPN´NN NÔ ÈÙÔÐNPNPN°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ ²ÔÕÓÉÏÅÎßÐÞÉ ËÐÅÚÉÐÌÄ N Ì N ²ÓÌÇÌËÐÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÞØ ÔÉÚÉÐÌÍ Ç ÈÅÐÐÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ ÐÅËÞÇÅáÕÔÄ ÎÅÇÐÞÏÌ ²ÓÌÇÌËÐÅÏÌ ÔÑÑÕÇÉÕÔÕÇÖáÜÌÉ ÌÏ ÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÞÉÔÉÚÉÐÌÄ ¶ÎÅÇÐÞÏÌÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÞÏÌÔÉÚÉÐÌÄÏÌÅÌزÅÔÅÕÉÎßÐÞÉ ¶ÎÅÇÐÞÏÌÐÅÒÓÅÇÎÉÐÌÄÏÌlÒËÆÄà ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔË ±ÐÔÐÒÄÃ Æ ±ÄÉÇÐÌ ÓÆÐÈÌ ÔÐÙ±ÈËÎÈÈÔÍÄÆÏÐÈÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÈÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÎÌÐÌÉÍ ²ÓÌÇÌËÐÞqÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÝÌ ÆÝÚÈ ÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔ ÎÐÉÏÐ Æ ÔÈÒÎËÏÄ× ÍÄÆÏÝ×ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÌÓÖÐÒÎÕÍËÒÐÆÄÔÞÆÆËÇÈÓÍÈÇÕàÛÈÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ´ § ° ² § ® ¢ lÓÌÇÌËÐÅNÎáÆÑÑÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÑÑÔÉÚÉÐÌÄÇÑÇÔIJÑÍ ÇÐÖÕÓÉÐÐÉÍ ÐÉÑÔÑÆÑÍ ÕÑÚ²É ÈÇÅÊÈÞ ÐÉÒÓÉÓÞÇÐÑ ÈÌ××ÉÓÉÐÙÌÓÖÉÏÑÍ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ ÇÞÓÅÊÅÉÕÔÄ ÚÉÓÉË ²ÓÌÇÌËÐÞ N ÌN ÈÇÖØ ÇËÅÌÏÐÑÒÉÓÒÉÐÈ̲ÖÎÄÓÐÞØ ÎÅÇÐÞØ ÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÞØ ÔÉÚÉÐÌÍÒÑ×ÑÓÏÖÎÉN NFRVϕNVLQϕÈÉϕ ¶ÖÑÎÑÆÓÅËÑÇÅÐÐÞÍÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕßáÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÑÑÔÉÚÉÐÌÄÔÒÎÑÔ²ÑÔÕßáÎÅÇÐÑÑÐÑÓÏÅÎßÐÑÑÔÉÚÉÐÌÄÔ²ÓÌÇÌËÐÑÍNvÐÒÎÕÍÄÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃ×ÑÓÏÖÎÑÍ ÍÎÉÓÅd ÓÍÕÙÄÈ N N ÇÍà ÍàÅÐÌ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ N ÏÈ ÒÄÆÏÐÌ ÏË ÐÇÏÐÌËÊÍÄÆÏÝ×±ÒËÆËÊÏÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔÙÈÔÝÒÈÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃÕÍÄϕÇÍà ±ÐÔÐÒÝ× ÆÝÑÐÍÏÃÈÔÓà ÓÐÐÔÏÐÚÈÏËÈ ϕ ϕ πϕ πËϕπuÍÝÐÔÍËÙÄàÛËÈÓÃÇÒÕÐÔÇÒÕÄÏÄπÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÐÇÏÐËÔÐÉÈÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈÓÈÙÈÏËÈÑÐßÔÐÎÕÇÍñÄÉÇÐÌ Õ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÌ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ N ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔÐÙÏÐ ÇÆÄ ÒÄÊÍËÙÏÝ×ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÈÙÈÏËÃËÎÈàÛË×ÇÄÏÏÕà±ÒËÆËÊÏÕgÓÍËÉÈN NËÍËN NÔÐËÊÖÐÒÎÕÍÝÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐ ÓÕÛÈÓÔÆÕÈÔ ÔÐÍޱРÐÇÏÐ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈ ÓÈÙÈÏËÈ ËÎÈàÛÈÈÓÆÐÈ̱ÒËÆËÊÏÐÌÇÄÏÏÕàÍÄÆÏÕà±ÒËÆËÊÏÕpÔÎÈÔËÎ Æ ÙÄÓÔÏÐÓÔË ÙÔÐ ÑÒË N N ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ N ±ÐÔÐÒÐÈ ÅÝÍÐ ËÓ±ÍàÙÈÏÐ ËÊ ÒÄÓÓÎÐÔÒÈÏËà ÑÒË ÇбÄÊÄÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÈÔÈÐÒÈÎÝ nÈÏÞÈ ÎÐÉÈÔ ÍËÅÐ ÓÐÆÓÈÎ ÐÔÓÕÔÓÔÆÐÆÄÔÞ Æ ÇÄÏÏÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔ˱ÐÇÄÍÄÆÏÝȱÒËÆËÊÏÝÐÇÏÐÐÊÏıÄÍËÅÐ ÑÐÍÕÙÄÔÞÓà ÑÒË ÐÇÏÐÎ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËË ϕ ±ÐÇÄ ÐÇÏÄ ËÊ ÍÄÆÏÝ×±ÒËÆËÊÏÒÄÆÏÄÏÕÍàÍËÅÐÑÒËÇÆÕ×±ÐÇÄÍÄÆÏÝȱÒËÆËÊÏÝËÎÈàÔ ÒÄÊÏÝÈ ÊÏÄ±Ë oÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËà ±ÐÔÐÒÝÎ ÓÐÐÔÆÈÔÓÔÆÕàÔÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝÈ ÓÈÙÈÏËà ÏÕÍÈÆÐÌ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ÏÄÊÝÆÄàÔÓà ÅÔÌÏÒÕÑÕÌÚÉÔ²ÌÏÌ ÐÅÒÓÅÇÎÉÐÌÄÏÌ ÐÅ ÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ d ±ÄÉÇÐÌÔÐÙ±ÈÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËƱÐÔÐÒÐÌN NÆÓËÍÕÓ±ÄÊÄÏÏÐÐÆÝÚÈËÎÈÈÔÓÃÏÈÅÐÍÈÈÇÆÕ×ÄÓËÎÑÔÐÔËÙÈÓ±Ë×ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÌlÒËÆÄÃÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔ˱ÐÔÐÒÄÃƱÄÉÇÐÌÓÆÐÈÌÔÐÙ±ÈËÎÈÈÔÄÓËÎÑÔÐÔËÙÈÓ±ÐÈÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÈÏÄÊÝÆÄÈÔÓÃÅÔÌÏÒÕÑÕÌÚÉÔ²ÑÍÎÌÐÌÉͱÓÔÒÈÎÄÍÞÏÐÈ ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÐ ÍÄÆÏÝ× ±ÒËÆËÊÏ ÐÙÈÆËÇÏÐ ÏÈÊÄÆËÓËÔÐÔÆÝÅÐÒÄÑÒÈÇÓÔÄÆÍÈÏËÃÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÐÏÐÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔÓà ÓÆÐÌÓÔÆÄÎË ±ÒËÆËÊÏ ±ÒËÆÝ× ÍÈÉÄÛË× ÏÄ ÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËË ÔıËÎ ÐÅÒÄÊÐÎ ÍÄÆÏÝÈ ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ÃÆÍÃàÔÓà ×ÄÒıÔÈÒËÓÔ˱ÄÎËÓÄÎÐÌÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËiÄÎÈÙÄÔÈÍÞÏÝÎÖıÔÐÎÃÆÍÃÈÔÓÃÔÐ ÐÅÓÔÐÃÔÈÍÞÓÔÆÐ ÇбÄÊÄÏÏÐÈ ÆÝÚÈ ÙÔÐ ÍÄÆÏÝÈ ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÃÔ ÈÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÃÐÔÆÈÙÄàÛËÈß±ÓÔÒÈÎÄÍÞÏÝÎÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃαÒËÆËÊÏÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ×ÓÈÙÈÏËÌÐÒÔÐÐÏÄÍÞÏÝqÐÇÆÈÇÈÎÏȱÐÔÐÒÝÈËÔÐËjÊÑÐÍÕÙÈÏÏÝ×ÒÈÊÕÍÞÔÄÔÐÆÓÍÈÇÕÈÔÙÔÐËÊÕÙÈÏËȱÒËÆËÊϱÒËÆÝ×ÏÄÑÐÆÈÒ×ÏÐÓÔËÆÇÄÏÏÐÌÈÈÔÐÙ±ÈÓÆÐÇËÔÓñ±ÒËÆËÊÏÄÎÑÍÐÓ±Ë×ÓÈÙÈÏËÌÔÈÐÒÈÎıÒËÆËÊÏÝ ÑÍÐÓ±Ë× ÓÈÙÈÏËÌ µ ± ±ÒËÆËÊÏÄÎ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ× ÓÈÙÈÏËÌÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ Ä ±ÒËÆËÊÏÝ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÝ× ÓÈÙÈÏËÌ ÆÝÒÄÉÄàÔÓà ÙÈÒÈÊÍÄÆÏÝȱÒËÆËÊÏÝÑÐÖÐÒÎÕÍÈÌÍÈÒÄÔÈÐÒÈÎÄ ¤ÝÙÊÓÍÇÏÊÇÅÍÂÄÏÝ×ÌÒÊÄÊÉÏqÈÒÈÑËÚÈÎ ÖÐÒÎÕÍÕ ÇÍà ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËà ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐ̱ÒËÆËÊÏÝÆÆËÇÈ/´N(GX0´N)GXGY1´N*GY rÄÊÇÈÍËÆ ßÔÐ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÏÄ GY Ë ÆÆÈÇà ÆÓÑÐÎÐÄÔÈÍÞÏÕà ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ W ÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃÈÔ ÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÈ ÓÈÙÈÑÈÒÈÎÈÏÏÕà W GXGYÏËÈÑÐÍÕÙËÎ/´N(W0´N)W1´N* lÐÒÏ˱ÆÄÇÒÄÔÏÐÐÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÃàÔÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÈÏÐÒÎÄÍÞÏÐÐÓÈÙÈÏËÃÐÔÆÈÙÄàÛÈбÒËÆËÊÏÈNfÍÃÍÄÆÏÝ×±ÒËÆËÊÏËÔÐÍÞ±ÐÇÍÃÏË×ÔıÐÈÑÐÍÐÉÈÏËÈÈÇËÏÓÔÆÈÏÏÐÑÐßÔÐÎÕ ÇÍà ÏË× ±ÐÒÏË ±ÆÄÇÒÄÔÏÐÐ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËà ÇÐÍÉÏÝÓÍËÔÞÓÃÔ ÈÈÐÇËÓ±ÒËÎËÏÄÏÔÇÐÍÉÈÏÐÅÒÄÔËÔÞÓÃÆÏÕÍÞ0´N)´/´N(1´N* ËÍËÆÆËÇÈÅÐÍÈÈÕÇÐÅÏÐÎÇÍÃÊÄÑÐÎËÏÄÏËÃ/ µ N)0 µ N) 0 µ N) 1 µ N*ÔÐËÈÓÔÞÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈÇÍÃÐÑÒÈÇÈÍÈÏËÃÍÄÆÏÝ×±ÒËÆËÊÏgÓÍËÍÄÆÏÝȱÒËÆËÊÏÝNËNÏÄÌÇÈÏÝÔÐÑÐÇÓÔÄÆËÆË×ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÃ Æ ÕÒÄÆÏÈÏËÈ ÏÄÌÇÈÎ ÊÏÄÙÈÏËÈ ÍÄÆÏÐÐ ÏÄÑÒÄÆÍÈÏËÃW°ÑÒÇÆÇÍÇÏÊÇ qÓÑÌËÇÉÈÉÐÌÉÎÅÇÐÞزÓÌÇÌËÐÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌÇÈÅÐÐÑÍÉÉÕÑÚ²ÉÐÅËÞÇÅÉÕÔÄÒÑÎÐÑÍÌÎÌÅÖÔÔÑÇÑͲÓÌÇÌËÐÑÍÒÑÇÉÓØÐÑÔÕÌ.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
