Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (v3) (2014) (811503), страница 90
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The next standardprovides help with that.information items (information products, documentation) to be developed and revised duringsystems and software life cycles and servicemanagement processes. It specifies the purposeand content of all identified systems and softwaredata records and life cycle information items, aswell as records and information items for information technology service management. Theinformation item contents are defined accordingto generic document types (description, plan, policy, procedure, report, request, and specification)and the specific purpose of the document.
Forsimplicity of reference, each information itemis described as if it were published as a separatedocument. However, information items may beunpublished but available in a repository for reference, divided into separate documents or volumes, or combined with other information itemsinto one document. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289:2011is based on the life cycle processes specified inISO/IEC 12207:2008 (IEEE Std. 12207-2008)and ISO/IEC 15288:2008 (IEEE Std.
152882008), and the service management processesspecified in ISO/IEC 20000-1:2005 and ISO/IEC20000-2:2005.The next two guides provide supplementaryinformation helpful in applying 12207 and 15288.IEEE Std. 24748.2-2012 Guide—Adoption of ISO/IEC TR 24748-2:2011 Systems and Software Engineering—Life Cycle Management—Part 2: Guide tothe Application of ISO/IEC 15288 (System Life CycleProcesses)ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289:2011 Systems and SoftwareEngineering—Content of Life-Cycle InformationProducts (Documentation)ISO/IEC TR 24748-2 is a guide for the application of ISO/IEC 15288:2008. It addresses system, life cycle, process, organizational, project,and adaptation concepts, principally throughreference to ISO/IEC TR 24748-1 and ISO/IEC15288:2008.
It then gives guidance on applyingISO/IEC 15288:2008 from the aspects of strategy, planning, application in organizations, andapplication on projects.ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289:2011 provides requirements for identifying and planning the specificIEEE Std. 24748.3-2012 Guide—Adoption ofISO/IEC TR 24748-3:2011 Systems and SoftwareB-14 SWEBOK® Guide V3.0Engineering—Life Cycle Management—Part 3:Guide to the Application of ISO/IEC 12207 (Software Life Cycle Processes)ISO/IEC TR 24748-3 is a guide for the application of ISO/IEC 12207:2008. It addresses system, life cycle, process, organizational, project,and adaptation concepts, principally throughreference to ISO/IEC TR 24748-1 and ISO/IEC12207:2008. It gives guidance on applying ISO/IEC 12207:2008 from the aspects of strategy,planning, application in organizations, and application on projects.The 12207 and 15288 standards provide processes covering the life cycle, but they do not provide a standard life cycle model (waterfall, incremental delivery, prototype-driven, etc).
Selectingan appropriate life cycle model for a project is amajor concern of ISO/IEC 24748-1.IEEE Std. 24748.1-2011 Guide—Adoption of ISO/IEC TR 24748-1:2010 Systems and Software Engineering—Life Cycle Management—Part 1: Guidefor Life Cycle ManagementISO/IEC TR 24748-1 provides information onlife cycle concepts and descriptions of the purposes and outcomes of representative life cyclestages. It also illustrates the use of a life cyclemodel for systems in the context of ISO/IEC15288 and provides a corresponding illustrationof the use of a life cycle model for software in thecontext of ISO/IEC 12207.
ISO/IEC TR 24748-1additionally provides detailed discussion andadvice on adapting a life cycle model for use in aspecific project and organizational environment.It further provides guidance on life cycle modeluse by domains, disciplines and specialties.
ISO/IEC TR 24748-1 gives a detailed comparisonbetween prior and current versions of ISO/IEC12207 and ISO/IEC 15288 as well as advice ontransitioning from prior to current versions andon using their application guides. The discussion and advice are intended to provide a reference model for life cycle models, facilitate use ofthe updated ISO/IEC 15288 and ISO/IEC 12207,and provide a framework for the development ofupdated application guides for those InternationalStandards. ISO/IEC TR 24748-1 is a result of thealignment stage of the harmonization of ISO/IEC12207 and ISO/IEC 15288.The next standard extends the provisions ofISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 to deal with systematicsoftware reuse.IEEE Std.
1517-2010 Standard for InformationTechnology—System and Software Life Cycle Processes—Reuse ProcessesA common framework for extending the systemand software life cycle processes of IEEE Std.12207:2008 to include the systematic practiceof reuse is provided. The processes, activities,and tasks to be applied during each life cycleprocess to enable a system and/or product to beconstructed from reusable assets are specified.The processes, activities, and tasks to enablethe identification, construction, maintenance,and management of assets supplied are alsospecified.IEEE Std. 1220 has been widely applied as asystems engineering process and was adopted byISO/IEC with the number 26702.
Unfortunately,the standard is not completely compatible withISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 and is being revised tosolve that problem. The result will be publishedas ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-4.IEEE Std. 1220-2005 (a.k.a. ISO/IEC 26702:2007)Standard for Application and Management of theSystems Engineering ProcessISO/IEC 26702 defines the interdisciplinary taskswhich are required throughout a system’s lifecycle to transform customer needs, requirements,and constraints into a system solution. In addition, it specifies the requirements for the systemsengineering process and its application throughout the product life cycle.
ISO/IEC 26702:2007focuses on engineering activities necessary toguide product development, while ensuringAppendix B B-15that the product is properly designed to make itaffordable to produce, own, operate, maintain,and eventually dispose of without undue risk tohealth or the environment.Since SC 7 and IEEE have written so manyprocess standards, one may not be surprised tolearn that their model for process description isrecorded in a Technical Report.IEEE Std.
24774-2012 Guide—Adoption of ISO/IECTR 24474:2010 Systems and Software Engineering—Life Cycle Management—Guidelines for Process DescriptionAn increasing number of international, national,and industry standards describe process models. These models are developed for a range ofpurposes including process implementation andassessment. The terms and descriptions used insuch models vary in format, content, and levelof prescription. ISO/IEC TR 24774:2010 presents guidelines for the elements used most frequently in describing a process: the title, purpose, outcomes, activities, task, and informationitem.
Whilst the primary purpose of ISO/IEC TR24774:2010 is to encourage consistency in standard process reference models, the guidelines itprovides can be applied to any process modeldeveloped for any purpose.A very small entity (VSE) is an enterprise, anorganization, a department, or a project havingup to 25 people. The ISO/IEC 29110 series “profiles” large standards, such as ISO/IEC 12207 forsoftware and ISO/IEC 15288 for systems, intosmaller ones for VSEs.
ISO 29110 is applicable toVSEs that do not develop critical systems or critical software. Profiles provide a roadmap allowinga start-up to grow a step at a time using the ISO29110 management and engineering guides.ISO/IEC 29110 set of standards and technicalreports are targeted by audience such as VSEs,customers, or auditors. ISO/IEC 29110 is notintended to preclude the use of different lifecycles approaches such as waterfall, iterative,incremental, evolutionary, or agile.A VSE could obtain an ISO/IEC 29110 Certification. The set of technical reports is availableat no cost on the ISO website.
Many ISO 29110documents are available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, and French.ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-1-2:2011 Software Engineering—Lifecycle Profiles for Very Small Entities(VSEs)—Part 5-1-2: Management and EngineeringGuide: Generic Profile Group: Basic ProfileISO/IEC TR 29110-5-1-2:2011 is applicable tovery small entities (VSEs). A VSE is defined asan enterprise, organization, department, or project having up to 25 people.
A set of standards andguides has been developed according to a set ofVSEs’ characteristics and needs. The guides arebased on subsets of appropriate standards elements, referred to as VSE profiles. The purposeof a VSE profile is to define a subset of ISO/IECinternational standards relevant to the VSEs’context.ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-1-2:2011 provides themanagement and engineering guide to the basicVSE profile applicable to VSEs that do notdevelop critical software. The generic profilegroup does not imply any specific applicationdomain.The next standard may be viewed as an alternative to 12207 for individual projects. The 1074standard explains how to define processes foruse on a given project. The 12207 and 15288standards, however, focus on defining processesfor organizational adoption and repeated use onmany projects. The current 1074 is the update ofa standard that was a predecessor of 12207.IEEE Std.
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