H.N. Abramson - The dynamic behavior of liquids in moving containers. With applications to space vehicle technology (798543)
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19670006555 2017-09-20T15:53:23+00:00ZNASA SP-106N67- 15884With Applications to Space Vehicle TechnologyEditedbyH. Norman AbramsonPrepared under contract no. NASr-94(07)by the Southwest Research Institute for theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration----REPRODUCED BYNATIONAL TECHNICALINFORMATION SERVICEUS. DEPARTMEIT OF COMMERCESRIIGFIELD, VA. 22161Scientific and Technical lnf wmation Division1966NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATIONWashington, D.C.q by-NOTICET H I S DOCUM.ENT H A S B E E N R E P R O D U C E DF R O M T H E BEST C O P Y FURNISHED US B YT H E SPONSORING AGENCY.A L T H O U G H ITI S RECOGNIZED THAT CERTAIN PORTIONSARE ILLEGIBLE,IT I S B E I N G R E L E A S E DI N T H E INTEREST O F MAKING AVAILABLEAS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE.Large amplitude liquid motion in a cylindrical containerForewordApproximately 90 percent of all the scientists and engineers who everpushed a stylus, quill, or pen since the beginning of mankind are alive andproductive today.
Moreover, the number is increasing at a rapid rate. Itis no wonder that we feel a rapid surge in the number of papers and reportsthat am finding their way into the literature. As an example, the total numberof abstracts of papers published in the NASA serial document entitled "Scientificand Technical Aerospace ReportsJJfor the first 3 months of 1963 was 2840,whereas for the same period 2 years later in 1965 the number swelled to 6338.As a result, today's research scientist or engineer finds he is spending increasingly more time reviewing the reports of others in order to remain abreastof the state of the art in his chosen endeavor.
To lighten this burden, itbecomes almost a necessity to collect periodically the material in a given area,and to try to single out the significant and present it in an orderly fashionas a summary document. I n this form, the state of the art becomes readilyapparent.
Additional benefits accrue by uncovering gaps in the knowledgein some areas, while a t the same time indicating areas where the coverage hasbeen excessive and requires deemphasis.I n view of the many uses afTorded by such a document, it is felt that oneof the most important functions of a research organization is to determinewhere and when such summaries are required, and to see that they find theirway into print. The following work on liquid behavior in moving containers,through the excellent efforts of its editor and the other contributors, is considered to have met the requirements for a summary document of this nature.Doua~ulsMICHELSpace Vehicle Structure ProgramsO&e of Adwtnced Research and Technology, NASAmEditor's PrefaceThe dynamic behavior of liquids in moving containers is a fascinatingsubject that has attracted the attention of geophysicists and seismologists,engineers, mathematicians, and other scientific workers for a period of manyyears.
With the development of space technology as an active program ofhardware development and testing and widespread laboratory research, it wasperhaps to have been expected that the motions of propellants and otherliquids contained in launch vehicles and spacecraft would be of great interest.It has turned out, in fact, that in many cases this problem has exerted a verygreat influence on both design details and concepts.
I t is therefore the purposeof this monograph to present a rather comprehensive view of the generalsubject as it specifically relates to space technology applications.General technical direction for the organization and production of thisvolume was vested in an Advisory Committee consisting of Douglas Michelof the NASA Office of Advanced Research and Technology as chairman,George W. Brooks of the NASA Langley Research Center, Helmut F. Bauerof the Georgia Institute of Technology, and myself. Obviously, however,responsibility for the accuracy of technical details within each chapter resideswith the individual authors.
I t was my challenging and yet rewarding taskto attempt to provide a unifying influence in the welding together of the variouscontributions. Many st& members of Southwest Research Institute gavegenerously of their efforts and talents in the production of this volume; Ispecifically wish to acknowledge, both for myself and all of the authors, ourappreciation to Emil Gavlick for supervision of the production and editing ofthe final draft copy, and to Victor Hernandez and James Stevens for preparingall of the illustrations.-H. NORMANABRAMSONDepaMent of Mechanical SciencesSouthwest Research Institute--Preceding page blank-VContributorsH.
NORMANABRAMSONDirecim, De-ntof Medranical SciencesSotlthtoe~tResxmh InH E L F.~ BAUERProfessor of Engineering MechanicsGeorgia Institute oj TedrndogyGEORGEW. BROOKSAssistant Chief, Dynamic Loads DivisionLangley Research Center, N A S AWEN-HWACHUSenior Research EngineerD e m n t of Mechanical S ~ U X SSoluhwest Research InstituteJOHNF. DALZEUSenior R e d EngineerDepartment of Mechanical %rumSoluhwt R e s d InstituteFRANKLINT. DODGESenior Rd EngineerD e m n t of MecJlcnid ScienoesSoluhutest Researcli InstituteDANIELD.
KANASenior Research EngineerDe-ntof ~ & n c c r l sciencesSouthtoest Research InstituteWILLUMC. REYNOLDSAssociate Professor of Mechanical E n g i d n gStanford UniversityHUGHM. SATTERLEEStaf EngineerLockheed Missiles & Space Co.SANDORSILVERMANRd EngineerDepartment of Mechanical S c i e wSouhwest Researcfr IVIContentsPACE...................................................................1 INTRODUC~ION..-...-.H. Norman Abrameon.......................................2 LATEUL SLOSHINGIN MOVINGCONTAINERS.Sandor Silverman and H.
Norman Abramson.......................................3 NONLINEAREFFECTSIN LATERAL SLOSHING..H. Norman Abramson, Wen-Hwa Chu, and Franklin T. Dodge.............................4 DAMPINGOF LIQUIDMOTIONSAND LATERAL SLOSHING..Sandor Silverman and H. Norman Abramson......................................5 S ~ T I O ANDN EXPERIMENTALTECHNIQUES.Part I: Simulation of Liquid Sloshing.. ..........................................John F. DalzellPan 11: Experimental TeJIniques and Apparatus.. ................................George W. Brooke6 ANALYTICALREPRESENTATIONOF LATERALSLOSHINGBY EQUIVALENTMECEANICALMODELS.......................................................................Franklin T.
Dodge................................................7 VEHICLESTABIUTYAND CONTROL..Helmut F. Bauer.....................................8 V m n u EX~TATIONOF PROPELLANTTANKS..Franklin T. Dodge9 INTERACTIONBETWEENLIQUIDPROPELLANTSAND TEE EUSTIC STRUCIWRE............Daniel D. Kana10 SPECIALTOPICS..................................................................Pwt I: Liquid Impact on Tank Bulkheads. .......................................John F. DalzellPart 11: Liquid Rotation and Vortezing Dwing Draining. ..........................Franklin T. DodgePart 111: Longitdiincrl OscilMons of Flight Vehides.
..............................Daniel D. Kana11 LIQUIDPROPELLANTBEHAVIORAT LOW AND ZEROg. ..................................~11:"r. R,,IJ,,a m..,~. Mr r u w ur.rJu v s u - uuu..-.APPENDIX-PEYSICUPROPERTIESOF SELECTEDLIQUIDS..............................................................................................AUTHORINDEX....................................................................S U B J EINDEX~W-I-------VLICONVERSION FACTORSto= (519) (t,-32O)tr=t,+273= (519) (tf+459.4)t,= temperature, O Ct,=temperature, O Ftr=temperature, OK1 poise=5.8016X lo-' lbfor,, hr/ft2= 1.4504X lo-' lbfOr,, s e c / h 2= 1.0197 Xgramtorcesec/cm2= 1 gramm,,/cm sec1 centimeter=0.3937 inch=0.03281 foot1 centimeteg= 0.1550 inch squared= 1.0764X lo-' foot squared1 dyne=0.2248X lo-' lbbrcr1 dyne=lO-' newton1 dyne= 1.02Xkilogramto,,,1 dyne/centirneter= 0.57 10X lo-' lbfor,e/in~h1 atmosphere (standard) =14.7 lbforc,/in.g=1.013X lo6 dynes/cm2=2116 Ibtor,Jft2276.0 centimeters of mercury\\Chapter 1IutroductionH.
Norman Abramon1.1 THE DY~AMlCBEHAVIOR OF LlQUlm INMOVING CONTAINERSI t is common everyday knowledge to each ofus that any small container filled with liquidmust be moved or carried very carefully toavoid spills. Experience has taught us that theunrestrained free surface of the liquid has analarming propensity to undergo rather largeexcursions, for even very small motions of thecontainer, and that one has to adjust verycarefully the frequency of the container motionto avoid this sloshing of the liquid. Drinkingcoffee while riding on a train can be a frustratingexperience, since the soft springs of mostrailroad cars designed for passenger comfortresult in motions with frequencies distressinglyclose to those of the coffee.Similar phenomena surround us a t almostevery turn, arising from the accouterments ofour modern technology and civilization as wellas from nature, herself.
Obviously, almostany moving vehicle provides a prime examplewherein the response of a contained liquid maybe of concern: (a) aircraft and rocket fueltanks; (b) cargo, ballast, or fuel tanks of largeships; (c) fuel or cargo tanks of automotivevehicles; (d) railroad tank cars, etc. On amuch larger s d e , one should not omit fromconsideration the oscillations of water inlakes and harbors occurring as the result ofearthquakes.While it is the primary concern of thismonograph to deal with this general subject asit applies to rockets and spacecraft, we wouldbe remiss indeed to neglect some mention ofthese other applications. On the other hand,rather comprehensive reference lists have already been published on several occasions(refs.
1.1 through 1.4), and, therefore, we wishto point out here only representative examplesof some of the important technical areas thathave been investigated, other than those thatpertain specifically to space technology.The motions of water in lakes and harborshave interested geophysicists and engineers formany years, from the viewpoints of tidaloscillations, seiches induced in harbors bystorms in the open sea, and earthquake disturbances. The first two of these constitutea classical problem for which a large body ofanalytical solutions has been developed (refs.1.5 through 1.7)..
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