Alternative Energy (794308)

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Alternative Energy.1996

It was predicted in 1995 that the increasing economic competitiveness of energy sources such as solar, biomass, wind, geothermal, and tidal barrages would not be dependent on technological breakthroughs. Within 20 years, it was thought, some alternative energy sources should reach competitive parity with oil priced at $15 a barrel. Limited market demand and the economics of production continued to restrict the large-scale development of alternative sources in 1995, however, (see also Index: energy conversion)

Commercial applications of alternative energy generally remained confined to remote locations or areas in which it had a distinct competitive advantage, as in solar-powered heating or the generation of electricity in sunny climates. Even the international oil industry, however, began to use alternative energy to bring down operating costs. The U.S. oil company Amoco, for example, began installing wind-powered electrical generators on offshore natural gas platforms in the North Sea. There also was growing interest in combining alternative energy sources with more conventional methods of power generation. In the U.S. there was interest in using the high-quality gas produced at urban landfills, and natural gas companies were looking into ways in which biomass gathered from land or aquatic plant material could be processed to produce gas energy. (ROBERT CORZINE) See also Architecture and Civil Engineering: Dams; Transportation: Urban Mass Transit.

This article updates the Macropaedia articles ENERGY CONVERSION; FOSSIL FUELS.

Events of 1996 Copyright 1994-1998 Encyclopaedia Britannica

1997 Alternative Energy.

A study published in 1996 by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the Paris-based group that monitors energy developments'on behalf of the Western industrialized countries, concluded that the demand for alternative energy sources would grow strongly in the coming years. Even so, these sources would account for only a small portion of the world's energy mix by 2010. The IEA estimated that fossil-based fuels would account for almost 90% of total demand in 2010. Nonhydroelectric renewable sources, such as biomass, wind, wave, solar, and geothermal power, however, were expected to register the highest growth rate. The IEA predicted that renewable sources would account for only about 1% of the total supply by 2010, compared with almost 3% for hydropower. (see also Index: energy conversion)

The World Energy Council, a nongovernmental international group that promotes sustainable energy policies, estimated that renewable sources could provide 5-8% of the world's power requirements by 2020 but only with additional spending on research and development. The current levels of government support for alternative energy sources had resulted in steadily declining costs. The cost of photovoltaic cells, for example, had fallen from tens of thousands of dollars per watt in the 1960s to about $6. The world market for solar power remained small, however.

(ROBERT CORZINE)

See also Architecture and Civil Engineering: Transportation.

This article updates ENERGY CONVERSION: FOSSIL FUELS.

Events of 1995

Copyright 1994-1998 Encyclopaedia Britannica

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