M. Hargittai, I. Hargittai - Symmetry through the Eyes of a Chemist (793765), страница 80
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Japanese translation: Morikita, Tokyo, 2007; Chinese translation, Shanghai Scientific,2007.I. Hargittai, T. C. Laurent, eds., Symmetry 2000 (in two volumes). PortlandPress, London, 2002.I. Hargittai, M. Hargittai, B. Hargittai, Candid Science I – VI: Conversationswith Famous Scientists. Imperial College Press, London, 2000–2006.I. Hargittai, M. Hargittai, In Our Own Image: Personal Symmetry inDiscovery.
Kluwer/Plenum, New York, 2000.M. Hargittai, I. Hargittai, Upptäck symmetri! (In Swedish, DiscoverSymmetry!). Natur och Kultur, Stockholm, 1998. In Hungarian, Fedezzükfel a szimmetriát, Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest, 1989.M. Hargittai, I. Hargittai, eds., Advances in Molecular Structure Research,Vols. 1–6. JAI Press, 1995–2000.I. Hargittai, M. Hargittai, Symmetry: A Unifying Concept. Shelter, Bolinas,California, 1994. Abridged version in German: Symmetrie: Eine neue Art,die Welt zu sehen, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, Reinbek, 1998.507508Other Titles by the AuthorsR. J.
Gillespie, I. Hargittai, The VSEPR Model of Molecular Geometry.Allyn & Bacon, Boston, 1991. Russian translation: MIR, Moscow, 1992;Italian translation: Zanichelli, Bologna, 1994.A. Domenicano, I. Hargittai, eds., Accurate Molecular Structures. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, 1992. Russian translation: MIR, Moscow, 1997.I. Hargittai, ed., Fivefold Symmetry.
World Scientific, Singapore, 1992.I. Hargittai, C. A. Pickover, eds., Spiral Symmetry. World Scientific,Singapore, 1992.I. Hargittai, ed., Quasicrystals, Networks, and Molecules of FivefoldSymmetry. VCH, New York, 1990.I. Hargittai, ed., Symmetry 2: Unifying Human Understanding. PergamonPress, Oxford, 1989.I. Hargittai, M. Hargittai, eds., Stereochemical Applications of Gas-PhaseElectron Diffraction (in two volumes). VCH Publishers, New York, 1988.I. Hargittai, B. K.
Vainshtein, eds., Crystal Symmetries, Shubnikov Centennial Papers. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1988.I. Hargittai, ed., Symmetry: Unifying Human Understanding. PergamonPress, Oxford, 1986.M. Hargittai, I. Hargittai, The Molecular Geometries of CoordinationCompounds in the Vapor Phase, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1977. Russiantranslation, Mir, Moscow, 1976.IndexAAbelian groups, 171Acetanilide crystal, 57–60Acetic acid, 99Acetylene (HC≡CH), 133Adamantane (C10 H16 ), 131–133Al2 Cl−7 ion, 133–134Al2 Cl6 molecule, 133–134Alkali sulfates, 138–139Alkanes, 393Alpha-helix, 387, 388, 389, 462Aluminosilicates, 89Aluminum trichloride, 117–118, 133–134,356, 478–479ammonia complex, 117, 118, 356crystal structure, 478–479Amino acids, 61, 69Ammonia (NH3 ) moleculeatomic orbitals by symmetry properties,274MO construction in, 268–269, 271–277symmetry operations, 171–172Amorphous materials, 485, 492Animals, 28, 43, 69, 70Anisole, 465Antarafacial approach, 338, 339π Antibonding orbitals, 254–256, 264, 265,268, 276, 280, 281, 283, 284, 287,328, 331, 343, 344, 357Anti-Hückel system, 351Antiidentity operation, 197Antimirror symmetry, 197–202Antiprisms, 89–90, 130Antisymmetry, 66, 67, 197–203elements, 197, 198operations, 197, 199A2 O3 , 486Arachno boranes, 124–126Archimedean (semiregular) polyhedra, 88Aristotle, 169Aromaticity, 351, 353Arsenic, 415, 416, 443Asparagin, 74Asymmetry, 34, 66–70, 107Atomic orbitals (AOs), 249–250, 252–258,260–261, 267–268, 291AuCl3 molecule, 303–304Aulonia hexagona, 6Average structures, 154, 300Avogadro’s law, 5BBach, J.
S., 63Bader-R. F. W., 313Bader-Pearson method, 327Balloon groups, 142Band symmetriesone-sided, 375–380two-sided, 378–381Barlow, W., 437, 455Bartók, B., 1, 32, 33Basic laws of crystals, 416Basis for representation, 222Beauty and harmony, 17, 19–20Bell, E. T., 484Belousov, B. P., 392, 393Belousov–Zhabotinsky reactions, 392–393Belov, N. V., 79, 485Bentley, W.
A., 44, 48, 50Benzene (C6 H6 ), 116–118, 276–286Bernal, J. D., 46, 371, 485Berry, R. S., 156, 158Berry pseudorotation, 158Bersuker, I. B., 294, 295, 300, 301, 307–308Berthelot, M., 2Beryllium dichloride crystal, 382–383Bethe, H., 290Bickart, P., 16509510Bicone, 40–41Bijvoet, J. M., 62Bilateral symmetry, 25–33Biological macromolecules, 288, 387, 389,391, 392Biot, J. P., 61Biphenyl, 476Bipyramids, 40–41, 148Blech, I., 490Bochvar, D. A., 6Bond length variation, 483Bonding orbital, 254, 255, 264, 268, 276, 280,331, 343, 347, 348, 357Boranes, 120, 123, 124, 125, 159Born–Oppenheimer approximation, 252, 295Braga, D., 472Bragg law, 409Bravais lattices, 432–435Brisse, F., 402, 405Broken symmetries, 14–15Brown, I.
D., 149Buckminsterfullerene, 4–6, 8–10, 89, 122–123Bullvalene, 155, 157Buerger, M., 395, 424Bunn, C., 494, 495Butadiene, 340–349CCalcium carbonate, 31Čapek, K., 414Carbides, 375, 381Carbon dioxide (CO2 ), 231, 233–236, 306Carboranes, 123, 125Carrol, L., 71Cartesian displacement vectors, 185, 208, 213,214, 221, 222, 235Caspar, D. L. D., 447Causes and effects, 68Cesium chloride, crystal structure, 456Character tablesC6 , 280C2h , 191, 195, 206, 207, 230C2v , 209, 221, 263C3v , 193, 194, 209, 271, 273C4v , 259D∞h , 234D2h , 334D3h , 296D6h , 278Oh , 358Chargaff, E., 390Chemical reactions, 313–370Chiral drugs, 73Chiral separation, 74IndexChiralityachiral, 68, 69, 74–76chiral forms, 64–65heterochiral, 61, 66, 74, 75, 76, 393homochiral, 61, 62, 65, 66, 75, 76, 78definition, 63–65importance, 69–74La coupe du roi, 74–77Chiral pairs, 61–63, 69Chromium dichloride, CrCl2 , 307, 478, 480Renner-Teller effect in, 307Clifford, W.
K., 239, 307Close packing, 421, 422, 444, 445, 448,449, 462Closo boranes, 123–125Closo carboranes, 123, 125Co4 (CO)12 structure, 159[Co6 (CO)14 ]4− structure, 160Color symmetry, 200Combined symmetries, 37–53rotation axis with intersecting symmetryplanes, 37–39Complementariness, 459, 461–462Concerted reaction, 314, 326, 331, 336,340–341, 343, 354Conformational polymorphism, 481–482Conformers, 100Conical symmetry, 29Conjugacy class, 174Conjugates, 174Connected polyhedra, in crystal dense packing,449–453Conrotatory process, 344, 348–350, 353Conservation laws, 14, 313Constitutional isomers, 99–100Contergan, 72Copernican crystallography, 492Copernicus, 86Correlation diagrams, 323, 326, 327, 330, 334,344, 349Correspondence diagrams, 327, 336, 337Cotton, F. A., 135Coulson, C.
A., 19, 250, 326Covalent radii, 137Coxeter, H. S. M., 15–16, 79, 81, 119Crick, F., 3, 4, 388–390, 462Crick, O., 389Crowe, D. W., 10, 379, 399Crystalcharacters, 495definition of, 488, 491morphology, 2point groups, 423–425See also crystal symmetriesIndexCrystal field effects, 476–483Crystal field theory, 291–292Crystallites, definition of, 488Crystallographic groups, symmetry notationsof, 104–105Crystallography, 2, 10–11, 62, 81, 119,401–402, 421, 424, 446, 461, 464,482, 485, 490–492transition from classical to modernconcepts of, 484Crystalloid, definition of, 488Crystal symmetriesatomic arrangement in, 421–423axes in space groups, 425–426basic laws, 417–423Bravais lattices, 432–435characterization of, 432–433cleavage, 417–420crystal point groups, 423–425dense packing, 440–456atomic sizes, 453–456connected polyhedra, 414,449–453icosahedral packing, 446–449molecular packing, 466–470sphere packing, 442–446infinite lattices, 432–434limitations on screw axes, 429–431, 435of minerals, 423–425molecular crystalscrystal field effects, 476–483densest molecular packing, 466–470energy calculations, 470–473geometrical model, 457–465hypersymmetry, 474–476structure predictions, 470–473planar networks, 425, 427–428quasicrystals, 424, 489–494restrictions, 424–432space groups, 432–440stereographic projections, 423–426See also crystalCubane (CH)8, 126–127, 129–130Cube (hexahedron), 76, 79–80, 83Cuboctahedron, 87–88, 90, 159, 448, 449Curie, P., 67, 68, 69Curie, M., 68, 69Curl, R.
F., 6, 7Curtin, D. Y., 57, 59, 60Cycloaddition reactions, 328–340, 350, 353Cyclobutane, 330–335, 338Cyclopentane (CH2 )5 , 153Cylindrical symmetry, 29–32, 40–41511DDalton, J., 421, 422, 440, 443da Vinci, Leonardo, 7, 8, 82Decorations, side-effects of, 406–408Degas, E., 101, 102Degeneracy, 192, 243–244, 258, 260–261Deisenhofer, J., 108, 109Delbrück, M., 459, 461Democritos, 473Dendrimers, 44Dense packing in crystals, 440–456connected polyhedra, 449–453icosahedral packing, 446–449molecular packing, 466–470sphere packing, 442–446Densest molecular packing, 466–470Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)C2 symmetry in, 107–108double helix, 71molecular structure of, 3, 388Descartes, 48Dewar, M.
J. S., 351, 353Diadamantane, 132–133Diamond structure, 438–440Diastereomers, 99Diatomic moleculerotation of, 218–220translational degrees of freedom of,219–220Dibenzene chromium, (C6 H6 )2 Cr, shape andsymmetry, 134–1351,2-Dibromo-1,2-dichloro-ethane molecule, 531,7-Dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (mC2 B10 H12 ), 159, 1601,2-Dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (oC2 B10 H12 ), 159, 1601,12-Dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (pC2 B10 H12 ), 159, 1601,2-Dichloroethylene, 102–104Diels–Alder reaction, 326, 340–3431,2-Dihaloethanes, 483Diimide (HNNH), 184, 204, 207, 229–233Dimensionality, 56, 57, 58, 195, 371,372, 492Dimethyl sulfate, 146Dimolybdenum tetraacetate, 136Dirac, P. A., 14Direct product, 209, 241, 262, 263, 302, 348Disrotatory reaction, 344–345Dissymmetry, 66–70Dodecahedrane (CH)20 , 127–129Dodecahedron, 76–77, 79–80, 82–85, 122Donor-acceptor complexes, 356, 480Double-headed eagles, 33512Double helix, 3, 71, 107, 387–390Dove-tail packing, 458, 459Dunitz, J.
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