Belytschko T. - Introduction (779635), страница 86
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An Introduction to Numerical Treatment," International Journal ofNumerical Methods in Engineering, Volume 13, pp. 1-16.1. Belytschko, T. and Kennedy, J.M., ‘Computer models for subassembly simulation’,Nucl. Engrg. Design, 49 (1978), 17-38.2. Liu, W.K. and Ma, D.C., ‘Computer implementation aspects for fluid-structureinteraction problems’, Comput. Methos. Appl. Mech. Engrg., 31(1982), 129-148.3. Brooks, A.N. and Hughes, T.J.R., ‘Streamline upwind/Petrov-Galerkin formulationsfor convection dominated flows with particular emphasis on the incompressible NavierStokes equations’, Comput. Meths.
Appl. Mech. Engrg., 32(1982), 199-259.4. Lohner, R., Morgan, K. and Zienkiewicz, O.C., ‘The solution of non-linearhyperbolic equations systems by the finite element method’, Int. J. Numer. Meths.Fluids, 4(1984), 1043-1063.5. Liu, W.K. ‘Finite element procedures for fluid-structure interactions with application toliquid storage tanks’, Nucl. Engrg. Design, 65(1981), 221-238.6.
Liu, W.K. and Chang, H., ‘A method of computation for fluid structure interactions’,Comput. & Structures, 20(1985), 311-320.7. Hughes, T.J.R., and Liu, W.K., ‘Implicit-explicit finite elements in transientanalysis’, J. Appl.Mech., 45(1978), 371-378.8. Liu, W.K., Belytschko, T. And Chang, H., ‘An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finiteelement method for path-dependent materials’, Comput.
Meths. Appl. Mech. Engrg.,58(1986), 227-246.9. Liu, W.K., Ong, J.S., and Uras, R.A., ‘Finite element stabilization matricesaunification approach’, Comput. Meths. Appl. Mech. Engrg., 53(1985), 13-46.10. Belytschko, T., Ong,S.-J, Liu, W.K., and Kennedy, J.M., ‘Hourglass control inlinear and nonlinear problems’, Comput. Meths. Appl. Mech. Engrg., 43(1984), 251276.11. Liu, W.K., Chang, H, Chen, J-S, and Belytschko, T., ‘Arbitrary LagrangianEulerian Petrov-Galerkin finite elements for nonlinear continua’, Comput.
Meths.Appl. Mech. Engrg., 68(1988), 259-310.W.K.Liu, Chapter 712.84Benson, D.J., ‘An efficient, accurate simple ALE method for nonlinear finite elementprograms’, Comput. Meths. Appl. Mech. Engrg, 72(1989), 205-350.5CHAPTER 8ELEMENT TECHNOLOGYby Ted BelytschkoNorthwestern University@ Copyright 19978.1 IntroductionElement technology is concerned with obtaining elements with better performance,particularly for large-scale calculations and for incompressible materials. For large-scalecalculations, element technology has focused primarily on underintegration to achieve fasterelements.
For three dimensions, cost reductions on the order of 8 have been achievedthrough underintegration. However, underintegration requires the stabilization of theelement. Although stabilization has not been too popular in the academic literature, it isubiquitous in large scale calculations in industry. As shown in this chapter, it has a firmtheoretical basis and can be combined with multi-field weak forms to obtain elements whichare of high accuracy.The second major thrust of element technology in continuum elements has been toeliminate the difficulties associated with the treatment of incompressible materials.
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