Matlab - Getting start (779439), страница 2
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22Printing Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24Handle Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Graphics Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Finding the Handles of Existing Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-264-264-284-31Graphics User Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33Graphical User Interface Design Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33Animations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34Erase Mode Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 4-34Creating Movies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35iiiProgramming with MATLAB5Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .if . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .switch and case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.while . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .5-25-25-35-45-55-55-6Other Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7Multidimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7Cell Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 5-9Characters and Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14Scripts and Functions . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Global Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .Passing String Arguments to Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The eval Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vectorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Preallocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Function Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Function Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-175-175-185-205-205-225-225-235-235-24Demonstration Programs Included with MATLAB . . . . . . 5-27ivContents1IntroductionWhat Is MATLAB? . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2The MATLAB System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3MATLAB Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4MATLAB Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41IntroductionWhat Is MATLAB?MATLAB® is a high-performance language for technical computing. Itintegrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-useenvironment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiarmathematical notation. Typical uses include:• Math and computation• Algorithm development• Modeling, simulation, and prototyping• Data analysis, exploration, and visualization• Scientific and engineering graphics• Application development, including graphical user interface buildingMATLAB is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array thatdoes not require dimensioning.
This allows you to solve many technicalcomputing problems, especially those with matrix and vector formulations, ina fraction of the time it would take to write a program in a scalar noninteractivelanguage such as C or Fortran.The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. MATLAB was originallywritten to provide easy access to matrix software developed by the LINPACKand EISPACK projects. Today, MATLAB uses software developed by theLAPACK and ARPACK projects, which together represent the state-of-the-artin software for matrix computation.MATLAB has evolved over a period of years with input from many users. Inuniversity environments, it is the standard instructional tool for introductoryand advanced courses in mathematics, engineering, and science.
In industry,MATLAB is the tool of choice for high-productivity research, development, andanalysis.MATLAB features a family of application-specific solutions called toolboxes.Very important to most users of MATLAB, toolboxes allow you to learn andapply specialized technology.
Toolboxes are comprehensive collections ofMATLAB functions (M-files) that extend the MATLAB environment to solveparticular classes of problems. Areas in which toolboxes are available includesignal processing, control systems, neural networks, fuzzy logic, wavelets,simulation, and many others.1-2What Is MATLAB?The MATLAB SystemThe MATLAB system consists of five main parts:Development Environment. This is the set of tools and facilities that help you useMATLAB functions and files. Many of these tools are graphical user interfaces.It includes the MATLAB desktop and Command Window, a command history,and browsers for viewing help, the workspace, files, and the search path.The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library.
This is a vast collection of computationalalgorithms ranging from elementary functions like sum, sine, cosine, andcomplex arithmetic, to more sophisticated functions like matrix inverse, matrixeigenvalues, Bessel functions, and fast Fourier transforms.The MATLAB Language. This is a high-level matrix/array language with controlflow statements, functions, data structures, input/output, and object-orientedprogramming features. It allows both “programming in the small” to rapidlycreate quick and dirty throw-away programs, and “programming in the large”to create complete large and complex application programs.Handle Graphics®.
This is the MATLAB graphics system. It includes high-levelcommands for two-dimensional and three-dimensional data visualization,image processing, animation, and presentation graphics. It also includeslow-level commands that allow you to fully customize the appearance ofgraphics as well as to build complete graphical user interfaces on yourMATLAB applications.The MATLAB Application Program Interface (API). This is a library that allows you towrite C and Fortran programs that interact with MATLAB. It include facilitiesfor calling routines from MATLAB (dynamic linking), calling MATLAB as acomputational engine, and for reading and writing MAT-files.1-31IntroductionMATLAB DocumentationMATLAB provides extensive documentation, in both printed and onlineformat, to help you learn about and use all of its features.
If you are a new user,start with this book, Getting Started with MATLAB, which introduces you toMATLAB. It covers all the primary MATLAB features at a high level, includingplenty of examples to help you to learn the material quickly.• Chapter 2, “Development Environment” – introduces the MATLABdevelopment environment, including information about tools and theMATLAB desktop.• Chapter 3, “Manipulating Matrices” – introduces how to use MATLAB togenerate matrices and perform mathematical operations on matrices.• Chapter 4, “Graphics” – introduces MATLAB graphic capabilities, includinginformation about plotting data, annotating graphs, and working withimages.• Chapter 5, “Programming with MATLAB” – describes how to use theMATLAB language to create scripts and functions, and manipulate datastructures, such as cell arrays and multidimensional arrays.
This sectionalso provides an overview of the demo programs included with MATLAB.To find more detailed information about any of these topics, use the MATLABonline documentation. The online Help provides task-oriented and referenceinformation about MATLAB features. The MATLAB documentation is alsoavailable in printed form and in PDF format.MATLAB Online HelpTo view the online documentation, select the Help option on the MATLABmenu bar. (For more information about using the online documentation, see“Help Browser” on page 2-8.)Under “Using MATLAB,” the documentation is organized into these maintopics:• “Development Environment” – provides complete information on theMATLAB desktop.• “Mathematics” – describes how to use MATLAB’s mathematical andstatistical capabilities.1-4MATLAB Documentation• “Programming and Data Types” – describes how to create scripts andfunctions using the MATLAB language.• “Graphics” – describes how to plot your data using MATLAB’s graphicscapabilities.• “3-D Visualization” – introduces how to use views, lighting, andtransparency to achieve more complex graphic effects than can be achievedusing the basic plotting functions.• “External Interfaces/API” – describes MATLAB’s interfaces to C and Fortranprograms, Java classes and objects, data files, serial port I/O, ActiveX, andDDE.• “Creating Graphical User Interfaces” – describes how to use MATLAB’sgraphical user interface layout tools.Under “Reference,” the online documentation is organized into these maintopics:• “MATLAB Function Reference” – covers all of the core MATLAB functions,providing information on function syntax, description, mathematicalalgorithm (where appropriate), and related functions.You can easily locate any function using either the “Function By Category”or “Alphabetical List of Functions” option.• “External Interfaces/API Reference” – covers those functions used by theMATLAB external interfaces, providing information on syntax in the callinglanguage, description, arguments, return values, and examples.MATLAB online documentation also includes the “Graphics Object PropertyBrowser,” which enables you to easily access descriptions of graphics objectproperties.
For more information about MATLAB graphics, see “HandleGraphics” on page 4-26.1-51Introduction1-62DevelopmentEnvironmentIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2Starting and Quitting MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3MATLAB DesktopDesktop Tools. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 2-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6Other Development Environment Features . . . . . . 2-152Development EnvironmentIntroductionThis chapter provides a brief introduction to starting and quitting MATLAB,and the tools and functions that help you to work with MATLAB variables andfiles. For more information about the topics covered here, see the correspondingtopics under “Development Environment” in the MATLAB documentation,which is available online as well as in print.2-2Starting and Quitting MATLABStarting and Quitting MATLABStarting MATLABOn a Microsoft Windows platform, to start MATLAB, double-click theMATLAB shortcut iconon your Windows desktop.On a UNIX platform, to start MATLAB, type matlab at the operating systemprompt.After starting MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop opens – see “MATLABDesktop” on page 2-4.You can change the directory in which MATLAB starts, define startup optionsincluding running a script upon startup, and reduce startup time in somesituations.Quitting MATLABTo end your MATLAB session, select Exit MATLAB from the File menu in thedesktop, or type quit in the Command Window.
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