Rohsenow W., Hartnett J., Young Cho. Handbook of Heat Transfer (776121), страница 3
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Forced Convection, External Flows6.1Introduction / 6.1Definition of Terms / 6.2Two-Dimensional Laminar Boundary Layer / 6.2Uniform Free-Stream Conditions / 6.2Surface with Streamwise Pressure Gradient / 6.28Two-Dimensional Turbulent Boundary Layer / 6.46Turbulence Transport Mechanisms and Modeling / 6.46Uniform Free-Stream Conditions / 6.54Transitional Boundary Layers / 6.72Transitional Boundary Layers for Uniform Free-Stream Velocity / 6.72Complex Configurations / 6.74Nomenclature / 6.75References / 6.80Chapter 7. RadiationIntroduction / 7.1Radiation Intensity and Flux / 7.2Blackbody Radiation / 7.3Nonblack Surfaces and Materials / 7.67.1CONTENTSRadiative Exchange: Enclosures Containing a Nonparticipating MediumBlack Surfaces / 7.12Exchange Among Gray Diffuse Surfaces / 7.16Radiative Exchange with a Participating Medium / 7.19Fundamentals and Definitions / 7.19Solution Techniques for the RTE / 7.24Solutions to Benchmark Problems / 7.43Radiative Properties for Participating Media / 7.44Radiative Properties of Gases / 7.44Radiative Properties of Particulates / 7.55Radiative Properties of Porous Materials / 7.66Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Materials / 7.69Combined Modes with Radiation / 7.70The General Energy Equation / 7.70Interaction with Conduction and Convection / 7.71Interaction with Combustion and Turbulence / 7.
71Closing Remarks / 7.72Appendix A: Radiative Property Tables / 7.73Appendix B: Radiation Configuration Factors / 7.76Nomenclature / 7.84References / 7.86/ixZ12Chapter 8. Microscale Transport Phenomena8.1Introduction / 8.1Time and Length Scales / 8.2Kinetic Theory / 8.3Formulation / 8.3Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline and Amorphous Solids / 8.5Boltzmann Transport Theory / 8.9General Formulation / 8.9Fourier and Ohm's Laws / 8.11Hyperbolic Heat Equation / 8.12Mass, Momentum, and Energy Conservation--Hydrodynamic Equations / 8.12Equation of Radiative Transfer for Photons and Phonons / 8.15Nonequilibrium Energy Transfer / 8.16Joule Heating in High-Field Electronic Devices / 8.17Radiative Heating by Ultrashort Laser Pulses / 8.21Summary / 8.23Nomenclature / 8.24References / 8.25Chapter 9.
Heat Transfer in Porous MediaIntroduction / 9.1Single-Phase Flow / 9.4Conduction Heat Transfer / 9.4Convection Heat Transfer / 9.7Radiation HeatTransfer / 9.13Two-Medium Treatment / 9.32Two-Phase Flow / 9.35Momentum Equations for Liquid-Gas Flow / 9.36Local Volume Averaging of Energy Equation / 9.38Effective Thermal Conductivity / 9.41Thermal Dispersion / 9.42Phase Change / 9.44Condensation at Vertical Impermeable Bounding Surfaces / 9.44Evaporation at Vertical Impermeable Bounding Surfaces / 9.519.1xCONTENTSEvaporation at Horizontal Impermeable Bounding Surfaces / 9.52Evaporation at Thin Porous-Layer-Coated Surfaces / 9.58Melting and Solidification / 9.60Nomenclature / 9.68Glossary / 9.72References / 9. 76Chapter 10. Nonnewtonian Fluids10.1Introduction / 10.1Overview / 10.1Classification of Nonnewtonian Fluids / 10.1Material Functions of Nonnewtonian Fluids / 10.2Rheological Property Measurements / 10.3Thermophysical Properties of Nonnewtonian Fluids / 10.
7Governing Equations of Nonnewtonian Fluids / 10.8Use of Reynolds and Prandtl Numbers / 10.9Use of the Weissenberg Number / 10.11Laminar Nonnewtonian Flow in a Circular Tube / 10.11Velocity Distribution and Friction Factor / 10.11Fully Developed Heat Transfer / 10.13Laminar Heat Transfer in the Thermal Entrance Region / 10.13Laminar Nonnewtonian Flow in a Rectangular Duct / 10.14Velocity Distribution and Friction Factor / 10.14Fully Developed Heat TransfermPurely Viscous Fluids / 10.17Heat Transfer in the Thermal Entrance Region--Purely Viscous Fluids / 10.21Laminar Heat Transfer to Viscoelastic Fluids in Rectangular Ducts / 10.23Turbulent Flow of Purely Viscous Fluids in Circular Tubes / 10.29Fully Established Friction Factor / 10.29Heat Transfer / 10.30Turbulent Flow of Viscoelastic Fluids in Circular Tubes / 10.31Friction Factor and Velocity Distribution / 10.31Heat Transfer / 10.35Degradation / 10.38Solvent Effects / 10.40Failure of the Reynolds-Colburn Analogy / 10.41Turbulent Flow of Purely Viscous Fluids in Rectangular Ducts I 10.42Friction Factor / 10.42Heat Transfer / 10.43Turbulent Flow of Viscoelastic Fluids in Rectangular Ducts / 10.43Friction Factor / 10.43Heat Transfer / 10.44Anomalous Behavior of Aqueous Polyacrylic Acid Solutions I 10.45Flow over Surfaces; Free Convection; Boiling / 10.45Flow over Surfaces / 10.45Free Convection / 10.45Boiling / 10.46Suspensions and Surfactants / 10.46Flow of Food Products / 10.46Electrorheological Flows / 10.46Nomenclature / 10.46References / 10.49Chapter 11.
Techniques to Enhance Heat TransferIntroduction / 11.1General Background / 11.1Classification of Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques / 11.1Performance Evaluation Criteria / 11.311.1CONTENTSxiTreated and Structured Surfaces / 11.6Boiling / 11.6Condensing / 11.9Rough Surfaces / 11.9Single-Phase Flow / 11.9Boiling / 11.15Condensing / 11.15Extended Surfaces / 11.16Single-PhaseFlow / 11.16Boiling / 11.21Condensing / 11.24Displaced Enhancement Devices / 11.29Single-PhaseFlow / 11.29Flow Boiling / 11.32Condensing / 11.33Swirl-Flow Devices / 11.34Single-Phase Flow / 11.34Boiling / 11.38Condensing / 11.40Surface-Tension Devices / 11.41Additives for Liquids / 11.41Solid Particles in Single-Phase Flow / 11.41Gas Bubbles in Single-Phase Flow / 11.41Liquid Additives for Boiling / 11.42Additives for Gases / 11.44Solid Particles in Single-Phase Flow / 11.44Liquid Drops in Single-Phase Flow / 11.45Mechanical Aids / 11.45Stirring / 11.45Surface Scraping / 11.46Rotating Surfaces / 11.46Surface Vibration / 11.46Single-PhaseFlow / 11.46Boiling / 11.49Condensing / 11.49Fluid Vibration / 11.49Single-Phase Flow / 11.49Boiling / 11.51Condensing / 11.52Electric and Magnetic Fields / 11.52Injection / 11.54Suction / 11.55Compound Enhancement / 11.55Prospects for the Future / 11.56Nomenclature / 11.57References / 11.60Chapter 12.
Heat PipesIntroduction / 12.1Fundamental Operating Principles / 12.2Capillary Limitation / 12.3Other Limitations / 12.8Design and Manufacturing Considerations / 12.10Working Fluid / 12.11Wicking Structures / 12.1IMaterials Compatibility / 12.12Heat Pipe Sizes and Shapes / 12.12Reliability and Life Tests / 12.1312.1xiiCONTENTSHeat Pipe Thermal Resistance / 12.14Types of Heat Pipes / 12.15Variable-Conductance Heat Pipes / 12.15Micro-Heat Pipes / 12.16Nomenclature / 12.17References / 12.18Chapter 13. Heat Transfer in Packed and Fluidized Beds13.1Introduction / 13.1Hydrodynamics / 13.3Packed Beds / 13.3Fluidized Beds / 13.4Heat Transfer in Packed Beds / 13.8Particle-to-Fluid Heat Transfer / 13.9Effective Thermal Conductivity / 13.9Wall-to-Bed Heat Transfer / 13.13Relative Heat Transfer / 13.14Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds / 13.14Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds / 13.14Liquid-Solid Fluidized Beds / 13.34Concluding Remarks / 13.37Nomenclature / 13.38References / 13.41Chapter 14.
CondensationIntroduction / 14.1Modes of Condensation / 14.1Condensation Curve / 14.2Thermal Resistances / 14.2Film Condensation on a Vertical Plate / 14.4Approximate Analysis / 14.4Boundary Layer Analysis / 14.10Film Condensation on Horizontal Smooth Tubes / 14.15Single Tube / 14.15Tube Bundles / 14.17Film Condensation on Horizontal Finned Tubes / 14.22Single Tube / 14.22Other Body Shapes / 14.25Inclined Circular Tubes / 14.25Inclined Upward-Facing Plates / 14.25Horizontal Upward-Facing Plates and Disks / 14.26Bottom of a Container / 14.27Horizontal and Inclined Downward-Facing Plates and Disks / 14.27General Axisymmetric Bodies / 14.28Horizontal and Inclined Elliptical Cylinders / 14.29Vertically Oriented Helical Coils / 14.29Condensation with Rotation / 14.30Zero Gravity / 14.31In-Tube Condensation / 14.31Flow Regimes / 14.31Vertical Tubes / 14.33Horizontal Tubes / 14.34Pressure Losses / 14.38Condenser Modeling / 14.40Noncircular Passages / 14.4114.1CONTENTSxiiiDirect Contact Condensation / 14.41Condensation on Drops (Spray Condensers) / 14.41Condensation on Jets and Sheets / 14.42Condensation on Films / 14.43Condensation on Vapor Bubbles / 14.44Condensation of Mixtures / 14.45Equilibrium Methods / 14.46Nonequilibrium Methods / 14.48Nomenclature / 14.49References / 14.54Chapter 15.
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