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Jacobs, J. (1961), The Life and Death of Great American Cities, Random House, New York.
1 Inglehart, R. (1997), Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton University Press, Princeton
2 Temple, J. (2001), “ Growth Effects of Education and Social Capital in the OEcD ”in J.F.Helliwell (ed.) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD
3 См., напр.:The Well-being of Nations. The Role of Human and Social Capital. OECD 2001
4 Как правило, понятие благосостояние ограничивают только экономической составляющей. Мы же используем этот термин как совокупный, то есть включающий человеческое развитие и социальное развитие, а когда речь идет лишь об экономических факторах, то будем говорить об «экономическом благосостоянии».
5 Sen, A. (1987), The Standard of Living, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
6 The Well-being of Nations. The Role of Human and Social Capital. OECD 2001 P. 10.
7 Osberg, L. (2001), “Comparisons of Trends in GDP and Economic Well-being – The Impact of Social Capital”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.
8 Coleman J. (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, Supplement, pp. S95-120.
9 Rodrik D. (2000), “Development Strategies for the Next Century”, Paper presented at the conference on “Developing Economies in the 21st Century”, Institute for Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization, January, 2000 (www.ksg.harvard.edu/rodrik/devstrat.PDF).
10 Jenson J. (1998), “Mapping Social Cohesion: The State of Canadian Research”, Canadian Policy Research Networks Study.
11 Ritzen J. (2001), “Social Cohesion, Public Policy, and Economic Growth: Implications for OECD Countries” in J.F.Helliwell (ed.) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.
12 Rodrik, D. (1998), “Where Did All the Growth Go? External Shocks, Social Conflict and Growth Collapses”, NBER Working Paper, No. 6350.
13 Dobell, R. (2001), “Social Capital and Social Learning in a Full World” in J.F.Helliwell (ed.) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.
14 Lundvall, B.-A. and Johnson, B. (1994), “The Learning Economy”, Journal of Industry Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 23-42.
15 Mincer, J. (1974), “Schooling, Experience and Earnings”, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
16 Fukuyama, F. (1995), Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, The Free Press, New York.
17 Leana, C.R. and van Buren, H.J. (1999), “Organizational Social Capital and Employment Practices”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 538-555.
18 Axelrod, R. (1984), The Evolution of Cooperation, Penguin, New York.
19 Lesser, E.L. (2000), Knowledge and Social Capital, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.
20 OECD, 2000a, Knowledge Management in the Learning Society, Paris.
21 Fuller, B. and Clarke, P. (1994) “Raising School Effects while Ignoring Culture? Local Conditions and the Influence of Classroom Tools, Rules and Pedagogy”, Review of Educational Research, Spring, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 119-157.
22 Hanushek, E.A. and Kim, D. (1995), “Schooling, Labor Force Quality, and Economic Growth”, NBER Working Paper No. 5399, December.
23 Hanushek, E.A. and Kimko, D.D. (2000), “Schooling, Labor Force Quality, and the Growth of Nations”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 90, No. 5, December.
24 Gundlach, E., Wossman, L. and Gmelin, J. (2000), “The Decline of Schooling Productivity in OECD Countries”, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Royal Economic Society, St.Andrews, July 10-13.
25 Fuller, B. and Heyneman, S. (1989), “Third world School Quality. Current Collapse, Future Potential”, Educational Researcher, Vol. 18 (2), pp. 12-19.
26 Betts, J. and Roemer, J. (1998), “Equalizing Opportunity through Educational Finance Reform”, Department of Economics, University of California, San Diego.
27 Psacharopolous, G. (1994), “Returns to Investment in Education: A Global Update”, World Development, Vol. 22 (9), pp. 1325-1343).
28 Wossman, L., (2000), “Schooling Resources, Educational Institutions and Student Performance: The International Evedence”, Keil Working Paper No. 983, May.
29 Bourdieu, P., (1979), “Les trois etats du capital culturel”, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 30 (“L’institution scolaire”), pp. S.3-6.
30 Kellaghan, T., Sloane, K., Alvarez, B. and Bloom, B. (1993), The Home Environment and School Learning. Promoting Parental Involvement in the Education of Children, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
31 White, M. and Kaufman, G. (1997), “Language Usage, Social Capital and Social Completion among Immigrants and Native-born Ethnic Groups”, Social Science Quarterly, 78(2), pp. 385-393.
32 Coleman, J. (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94 Supplement, pp. S95-120.
33 Bourdieu, P., (1979), “Les trois etats du capital culturel”, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 30 (“L’institution scolaire”), pp. S.3-6. Bourdieu, P.and Passeron, J.C. (1970), Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, Sage, London.
34 OECD (1998), Human Capital Investment – An International Comparison, Paris.
35 OECD and US Department of Education (1998), How Adults Learn, Proceedings of a conference sponsored by and held in Washington, D.C., April.
36 OECD and Statistics Canada (2000), Literacy in the Informal Age: Final Report of the International Adult Literacy Survey, Paris.
37 Kellaghan, T. (1999), “Educational Disadvantage An Analysis”, Paper presented at the Irish Department of Education and Science Conference of Inspectors, Killarney, 6-8 December.
38 Oecd (2001), Education Policy Analysis, Paris.
39 Levy, F. and Murnane, R.J. (1999), “Are the Key Competencies Critical to Economic Success? An Economic Perspective”, Paper given at the OECD Symposium on “Definition and Selection of Competencies”, October.
40 Blossfeld, H.P. and Shavit, Y. (1993), Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries, Westview Press Inc, Colorado.
41 Erikson, R. and Jonsson, J. (1996), “Explaining Class Inequality in Education: the Swedish Test Case”, in R.Erikson and J.O.Jonsson (eds.), Can Education Be Equalized?, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
42 Hanushek, E.A. and Somers, J. (1999), “Schooling, Inequality and the Impact of Goernment”, Paper presented for the conference on Increasing Income Inequality in America, Texas A&M University, March.
43 Kellaghan, T. (1999), “Educational Disadvantage An Analysis”, Paper presented at the Irish Department of Education and Science Conference of Inspectors, Killarney, 6-8 December.
44 OECD (1999a), Education Policy Analysis, Paris.
45 OECD and Statistics Canada (2000), International Adult Literacy Survey, Paris.
46 Общий уровень грамотности в данных исследованиях подразумевал выявление и оценку способностей взрослых (от 16 до 65 лет) использовать информацию, поступающую в напечатанном или написанном виде. Проверялись возможности: прочесть и понять связный текст; воспринимать доклады, документы, и другие виды «несвязных» текстов; оперировать числовой информацией, например, таблицами и графиками. Грамотность оценивалась не как дихотомия «грамотный-неграмотный», а как набор измеряемых навыков.
47 Willms, J.D. (2001), “Three Hypotheses about Community Effects”, in in J.F.Helliwell (ed.) The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.
48 Hartog, J. (1997), “On Returns to Education: Wandering along the Hills of ORU Land”, Keynote speech for the LVIIth Conference of the Applied Econometrical Association, Maastricht, May.
49 OECD (1998), Human Capital Investment – An International Comparison, Paris.
50 Spence, A. (1973), “Job Market Signalling”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, pp. 65-94.
51 Green, F., Mcintosh, S. and Vignoles, A. (1999), “Overeducation and Skills – Clarifying the Concepts”, Centre for Economic Performance, Labour Market Programme Discussion Paper No. 435, London School of Economics.
52 Boothby, D. (1999), “Literacy Skills, the Knowledge Content and Occupational Mismatch”, Applied Research Branch Research Papers, Human Resources Development Canada, August.
53 Levy, F. and Murnane, R.J. (1999), “Are there Key competencies Critical to Economic Success? An Economic Perspective”, Paper given at the OECD Symposium on “Definition and Selection of Competencies”, October.
54 Carliner, G. (1996), “The Wages and Language Skills of U.S. Immigrants”, NBER Working Paper No. 5793, national Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.; Rivera-Batiz, F.L. (1994), “Quantitative Literacy and the Likelihood of Employment among Young Adults in the United States”, Journal of Human Resources, Vol. XXVII, No. 2, pp. 313-328.
55 Green, F., Ashton, D., burchell, B., Davies, B. and Felstead, A. (1997), “An Analysis of Changing Work Skills in Britain”, Paper presented at the Analysis of Low Wage Employment Conference, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, 12-13 December.
56 См., напр.: Cappelli, P. and Rogovski, N. (1994), “New Work Systems and Skill Requirements”, International Labour Review , No. 2, pp. 205-220.
57 Glaester,E.L. (2001), “The Formation of Social Capital”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.
58 Hirschman, A. (1984), “Against Parsimony: Three Easy Ways of Complicating Economic Analysis”, American Economic Review, No. 74, pp. 88-96.
59 Alexis de Tocqueville (1835) писал: «Американцы противостоят индивидуализму с помощью правильно понимаемого принципиального интереса», который заключается в том, что «они самодовольно показывают, как основная забота о самих себе постоянно подталкивает их к помощи друг другу и вынуждает их добровольно жертвовать часть своего времени и собственности во имя благополучия Штатов».
60 Durkheim, E. (1893), The Division of Labor in Society, The Free Press, New York, 1984. Durkheim рассматривал общество как состоящее из «органов» (социальных фактов), или социальных структур, которые выполняют ряд функций для общества.
61 Weber сосредоточился на индивидуумах и моделях и правилах поведения. Его интересовали действия, которые включали мыслительные процессы (и заканчивались бессмысленным результатом) между возникновением стимула и реакцией на него.
62 Hanifan, L. (1916), “The Rural School Community Center”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, No. 67.
63 Jacobs, J. (1961), The Life and Death of Great American Cities, Random House, New York.
64Loury, G. (1987), “Why Should We Care about Group Inequality?”, Social Philosophy and Policy, pp. 249-271.
65Coleman, J. (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94 Supplement, pp. S95-120.
66 Putnam, R. (1993), Making Democracy Work, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
67 Fukuyama, F. (1995), Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, The Free Press, New York.
68 Bourdieu, P. (1979), “Les trois etats du capital culturel”, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 30 (“L’institution scolaire”), pp. S.3-6. Bourdieu, P.and Passeron, J.C. (1970), Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, Sage, London.
69 См.: Nan Lin, Karen Cook, Ronald S. Burt. Social Capital: Theory and Research. 2001 Walter de Gruyter, Inc. p.5.
70 Fukuyama, F. (1999), The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order, The Free Press, New York.
71 Glaester,E.L. (2001), “The Formation of Social Capital”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.
72 Abramovitz, M. and David, P. (1996), “Convergence and Deferred Catch-up: Productivity Leadership and th Waning of American Exceptionalism”, in R. Landay, T.Taylor and G.Wright (eds.), The Music of Economic Growth, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.; Omori, T. (2001), “Balancing Economic Growth with Well-being: Implication of the Japanese Experience”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.; Hall, R. and Jones, C. (1999), “Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others?”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, February, Vol. 114, pp. 83-116.; Temple, J. and Johnson, P. (1998), “Social Capability and Economic Growth”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, August, pp. 965-988.
73 Putnam, R. (2000), Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon Schuster, New York.; Woolcock, M. (2001), “The Place of Social Capital in Understanding Social and Economic Outcomes”, in J.F.Helliwell (ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-being: International Symposium Report, Human Resources Development Canada and OECD.; Knack, S. (1999), “Social Capital, Growth and Poverty: A Survey of Cross-Country Evidence”, Social Capital Initiative, Working Paper No. 7, World Bank.
74 Coleman, J.S. (1990), The Foundations of Social Theory, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, p. 317.
75 Woolcock, M. (1999), “Social Capital: The State of the Notion”, Paper presented at a multidisciplinary seminar on Social Capital: Global and Local Perspectives, Helsinki, April 15.
76 Knack, S. (1999), “Social Capital, Growth and Poverty: A Survey of Cross-Country Evidence”, Social Capital Initiative, Working Paper No. 7, World Bank; Portes, A. and Landolt, P. (1996), “The Downside to Social Capital”, The American Prospect, No. 26, pp. 18-21, 94, May-June.
77 Olson, M. (1982), The Rise and Decline of Nations, Yale University Press, New Haven; Knack, S. (1999), “Social Capital, Growth and Poverty: A Survey of Cross-Country Evidence”, Social Capital Initiative, Working Paper No. 7, World Bank..
78 Kern, H. (1998), “Lack of Trust, Surfeit of Trust: Some Causes of the Innovation Crisis in Germany Industry”, in C.Land and R.Bachmann (eds.), Trust within and between Organizations, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 203-213; Uzzi, B. (1997), “Social Structure and Competition in Inter-firm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), pp. 35-67.
79 Putnam, R. (2000), Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Simon Schuster, New York.
80 Narayan, D. and Pritchett, L. (1998), “Cents and Sociability: Household Income and Social Capital in Rural Tanzania”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, World Bank, Washington.
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