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The creation of a more adequate single system of classification is complicated by the controversial semantic loads carried by the corresponding terminology. However, such an attempt can be undertaken.

We emphasize that the model by Spengler⁵⁵ is the most developed system of periodization in a strong accordance with the cyclic approach.

Table 1

«Simultaneous» spiritual epochs

	1500-1200 BC	1100-800 BC	0-300 AD	since 900 AD
	Vedic religion Indian culture	Hellen-Italic “demetrian” culture The Olympic myth Antique culture	Arabic culture syncretism (Mithra, Boal)	Western Culture Germanic Catholicism
The birth of a myth of the big style as the expression of the new God perception. The world’s fear and the world’s sorrow. (Spring)	Aryan heroic legends	Homer. Legends about Heracles and Tess	Apocaleptics	Bernard de Clairvaux Knightly epos. St. Francis of Assisi.
The early mystico-metaphysical formation of a new view on the world. High scholasticism. (Summer)	The most ancient parts of the Veda	The Orphic, cosmogony	Origen (254 AD) Mani (276 AD) Avesta, Talmud	Thomas Aquinas (1274) Dante (1321) scholasticism
Reformation: the protest within the national religion against the great forms of the early epoch	Brahmins	The religion of Dionysus	Augustinus (430 AD) Nestorians, Mazdak	Hus (1415), Savonarola, Luther, Calvin

Continued

		1500-1200 BC		1100-800 BC		0-300 AD		since 900 AD
The beginning of the pure philosophical formulation of idealistic and realistic systems		Upanishads		Great pre- So cratics		Byzantine, Hebrew, Syrian, Coptic, Persian literature of (VI-VII centuries)		Galileo, Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz (XVI - XVII centuries)
The creation of a new mathematics. The conception of a number as the reflection of the sense of the world form		lost		Number as measure. Pythagor (540 BC)		Indefinite number. Algebra		Number as function. Descartes, Pascal, Fermat (1030)
	Traces in the Upanishads		Pythagorean union		Mohammed (622 AD), the Paulicians, the iconoclasts		English Puritans (1620), French Jansenists (1640)
Autumn Intellectuals of big towns. The culmination of strictly intellectual creativity
«Enlighten-ment»: the faith in the omnipotence of intellect, the cult of «nature». «Reasonable religion»	The Sutra, Buddha		the Sophists, Socrates		Sufism		Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau
The culmination of the mathematical thinking. The enlightenment of the world of number forms	Null as a number		Eudox (conic section)		Number theory, trigonometry		Euler (1783), Laplace (1827)

Continued

		1500-1200 BC		1100-800 BC		0-300 AD		since 900 AD
The great concluding systems
of idealism:	Yoga, Vedanta		Platon		Al-Farabi		Goethe, Schelling
of epistemology:	Nyaa		Aristotle		Avicenna		Hegel, Kant, Fichte
Winter The beginning of outward-looking civilization. The dying of the spiritual creative power. The very life is becoming problematic
The materialistic view of the world: the cult of science, profit, happiness	Sankhaya, Charvaka		the Cynics		Epicurean sects of the Abbasids’ epoch		Bentham, O.Comte, Darwin, Spencer, Marx
Ethico-social ideals of life: the epoch of «philosophy without mathematics»	Currents of Buddha epoch		Hellenism		Currents in the Islam		Schopenhauer, Nietzsche
The inner completion of the mathematic world of forms. The concluding thoughts	lost		Archimedes		Al-Khoresmi, Al-Biruni		Gauss, Riemann (1866)
The decline in abstract thinking up to the professionally-scientific cathedra-philosophy	«Six classic systems»		Academy		Schools of Baghdad and Basra		Comteans
The spread of the last outlook	Indian Buddhism		Hellenistical- Roman Stoicism		Practical Islamic fatalism		Ethical socialism

Then O. Spengler presents the tables of the «simultaneous» art epochs and «simultaneous» political epochs.

The division of large historical periods into periods is presented in the book by N. A. Chmykhov⁵⁶. For example, the duration of a historical epoch is approximately 532 years. In the context of the offered system of periodization, the contemporary epoch began approximately in 419 AD and will continue till 2015. It is conventionally divided into three 532-periods: 419-951 (the early feudalism), 951-1483 (the developed feudalism), 1483-2015 (the modern time).

The content of the historical process is opened through the 133-year half-stages: 419-552 AD, the migratory processes in Europe, making the lands, invaded by the Barbarians, to be habitable; the first signs of feudalism; 552-685 AD – the victory of the feudalist relations, the disappearance of the signs of the early iron epoch; 685-818 – the consolidation processes, the completion of the main migrations; 818-951 – the early feudalist society; 951-1084 – the transition to the feudalist disunity; 1084-1217 – the peak of the feudalist disunity; 1217-1350 – the transition to centralization; 1350-1483 – the establishment of centralized feudalist societies; 1483-1616 – the origin of «capitalist» relations; 1616-1749 – the coming of capitalism; 1749-1882 – the transformation of capitalism into the power acting throughout the world; 1882-2015 – the blossom and the crisis of the contemporary epoch. Despite the immanent controversy, the existing systems of periodization give «beacons» that help to continue the work.

CHAPTER 6

Periodization of the world history
in the light of a new conceptual construction: global (macro) level of analisys
and prognosis.

Let us return to the problem of definition of hypothetical periodization of the w-orld’s historical process according to the conception of the research. The assumed chronological frames may constitute up to 5000 years, i.e., from 3000 BC to 2000 AD.

It is natural that the subject of historical activity will change during this period of history, but the approach to three levels of analysis should remain unchanged. These levels are: the global level that must reflect a change of epochs at the level of civilizations; the regional level (continents and their most important territorial parts), and specific countries. The problem of the co-existence of the state and the society, the interaction of the individual (including the most prominent historical personalities) and the society – should be at the focus of attention.

The revolutionary period of the first epochal cycle characterizes the emergence of the first civilizations (Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China), which is connected with the establishment of the counting of (astronomical) time. Let us cite the most prominent «eras». The 1st January 4713 BC is the beginning of Scaliger’s era, whence the uninterrupted counting of days is conducted. 3761 BC is the creation of the world according to the Hebrew calendar. The creation of the man is referred to 3113 BC by the Maya. The emergence of the most ancient (archeological) cultures is chronologically referred approximately to the same period. For example, they are the Trypillya culture (near 4000 BC), Mohenjo-Daro (India), Chatal Huyuk (Asia Minor), the first agricultural cultures in Mexico. The origin of the civilizations in Mesopotamia (Uruk) and Egypt (3000-2800 BC) (The Ancient Kingdom), the epoch of building the Pyramids, the sources of the Chinese civilization (the first legendary emperor Fu Hsi) – all this is referred to the involutionary stage of the first epochal cycle.

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