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• specialist
• apparatus
• compulsory routine
• optional routine
• all-around competition
• all-around champion
• motionless
• springboard
• grasp
Ex. 6. Name:
• the types of gymnastics competitions;
• the events of which a men’s gymnastics competition consist;
• the floor exercises;
• the exercises on the pommel horse;
• the exercises on the rings;
• the exercises on the parallel bars;
• the exercises on the horizontal bars.
Ex. 7. Say what you know about:
• the order of performing the events in a men’s gymnastics competition;
• the floor exercises;
• the pommel horse;
• the rings;
• the horse vault;
• the parallel bars;
• the horizontal bar;
• all-around competition for men.
Ex. 8. Speak on the topic:
• the apparatus for men’s gymnastic competitions;
• the programme of men’s gymnastic competitions;
• gymnast performance on the horizontal bar (rings, pommel horse, horse vault, parallel bars).
Task V. Study the vocabulary to the text “Women’s events” and translate the sentences:
1. side horse vault опорный прыжок (для женщин)
e.g. The side horse vault is performed on the same equipment used in men’s horse vaulting.
2. uneven parallel bars разновысокие брусья
syn. asymmetrical bars
e.g. In the uneven parallel bars the athlete switches rapidly back and forth
from one bar to the other.
3. balance beam бревно (гимнастическое)
e.g. The balance beam is used only by women in competitions.
4. count v засчитывать
e.g. Only the higher of the two scores counts.
5. agility n ловкость, быстрота
e.g. The athlete swings require great agility.
6. cartwheel n “колесо”
7. back handspring переворот назад, фляк
8. accompaniment n сопровождение, аккомпанемент
Task VI. Read the text and draw up the programme of the women’s gymnastics competition.
Text 3. Women’s events
A women’s gymnastics competition has four events. In order of performance, they are (1) side horse vault, (2) uneven parallel bars, (3) balance beam, and (4) floor exercise. Most women gymnasts enter all these events.
The side horse vault
The side horse vault is performed on the same equipment used in men’s horse vaulting. But women gymnasts vault across the horse’s width rather than its length. In most competitions, the gymnast vaults twice, but only the higher of the two scores counts.
The uneven parallel bars
In the uneven parallel gymnasts compete on two parallel wooden bars, one about 230 centimetres above the floor and the other about 150 centimetres high. The athlete swings around one bar at a time, performing manoeuvres that require great flexibility and agility. She switches rapidly back and forth from one bar to the other, trying to keep in constant motion.
The balance beam
The balance beam involves a long wooden beam about 10 centimetres wide. Competitors perform jumps, leaps, running steps, and turns on it and try to use the beam’s full length. The best performers also do cartwheels, back handsprings, and somersaults. The routine must last at least 1 minute 10 seconds but not more than 1 minute 30 seconds.
The floor exercise
The floor exercise is performed on a mat that resembles the one used in the men’s floor exercise. Women gymnasts perform this event with a musical accompaniment. Each contestant designs her routine to match the tempo and mood of the music she has selected. She must take at least 1 minute 10 seconds and not more than 1 minute 30 seconds to demonstrate her skill in acrobatics, dancing, and tumbling.
All-around competition
All-around competition for women includes all four events. In national and international competitions, every competitor performs a compulsory routine in each event and then an optional routine in each. International competition is open only to all-around gymnasts.
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
Ex. 1. Look at the pictures and name the events a women’s gymnastic ccompetition consists of. Put the pictures in the events performing order.
| | |
| a | b |
| | |
| c | d |
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using the pictures as prompts:
| |
| |
| |
| |
Ex. 3. Find out which English sentence contains Russian equivalent term:
| бревно |
|
| разновысокие брусья |
|
| конь |
|
| “колесо” |
|
Ex. 4. Read the text. Insert the missing terms from the list beam, six, four, leaps, somersault, floor exercises, balance, spins, vaulting horse, balances, uneven bars, gymnastics
Success in the ...exercises for men and ... for women at the Olympic Games requires that the gymnast develops a strong physique and all-round ability.
The ... ... are usually the first of the events since they give competitors a chance to warm up with movements not requiring tremendous strength. The sportswoman aims to impress the judges with a sequence of..., ..., and together with the elements of acrobatics. Strength movements should be performed slowly and static position must be held for at least two seconds – ... should be done at shoulder height.
The ... ... is the simplest of all the events. Men vault over the horse lengthways, passing first over the “croup” and then the “neck”. Women vault sideways, putting their hands on the middle of the horse which is not as high as for men.
Women use the ... ... . Emphasis is on the suspension and momentary bracing positions and the female gymnast must change bars by turning or executing elegant movements.
The ... is used only by women in competitions. It was originally envisaged as a method for women to demonstrate ... but in recent years many of the skills of the floor exercises have been introduced. Many female competitors use ballet, which is very close to many of the ... movements.
Ex. 5. Explain the terms used in gymnastics:
• the side horse vault
• the uneven parallel bars
• the balance beam
• cartwheel
• back handspring
• somersault
• running steps
• skips
Ex. 6. Name the
• women’s gymnastics competition events
• exercises on the uneven parallel bars
• exercises on the beam
• floor exercises for women.
Ex. 7. Say what you know about:
• the order of performing the events in a women’s gymnastics competition
• the exercises on apparatus for women
• all-around competition for women
Ex. 8. Speak on the topic:
• the apparatus for women’s gymnastics competitions
• the programme for the women’s gymnastic competitions
• gymnast performance on the balance beam (uneven bars, side horse).
Task VII. Read the text about the gymnastics competitions. Find out how the winner is determined
Gymnastics competition
Judging
Judging involves the assessment of a gymnastic performance by someone supposedly well-versed in the detailed and rather complex methods of evaluation.
Gymnastics has matured into a highly technical sport, and the evaluation of routines has become a complicated process.
Judges of gymnastics competitions carefully watch each compulsory routine for such flaws as falls, improper body position, omissions, slowness, and stops. In the optional routines, the judges base their scores on difficulty, form, and the combination of movements.
A perfect score for any event is 10.00. The judges subtract points or tenths of a point for each flaw. In optional routines, the judges may award bonus points for especially difficult or original movement.
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