Technical_English_3_-_WB (564095), страница 6

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The Hawk wasabout to land ,,-hen the Ce nafle,,- across the runwa\-at a\-e~-Iow a1tirude. The airrraffic conaoller in the conaoltower had giyen the pilot of theCa permission to fh ' norrhnorrn-east low O\'er the airfieldshonly before the incident.The air rraffic controllerwas dealin \\i.th a high\\'orlJoad at the time, and wascontrOllin the mO\-emems of2fi\-e different aircraft on fourdifferent radio frequencie .A report by the Civil Aviation Authority concluded thatthe controller was unable to handle this large workload,thus endangering aircraft in the area. There had also beena breakdovm in the monitoring of flight levels around theairfield, and of radio communications.Neither pilot was informedthat other aircraft were flyingNin the same area, the reportadded.

Neither pilot had timeto take evasive action, and a~U!'B---!~.--"""- Controlcollision was avoided by puretowerluck. At their closest distance,the two aircraft were about150 metres apart.Staffing rotas for air trafficcontrollers at the airfield havenow been modified to ensurethat this does not happen again..-r2 Are these statements about the text in I true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones.I2345Air traffic control procedures at the airfield are likely to be modified in future .The turboprop aircraft had permission to cross the airfield at low altitude.The danger of a collision was caused by poor communications alone.The air traffic controller intervened to warn the pilots about other aircraft.ew staffing rotas are likely to endanger aircraft at the airfield in future..:t.3 Rewrite these instructions to give a similar meaning, using the words in brackets.

Donot use the words in italics.Example: I. Pilots who are unfamiliar with the layout of this airport must order a'Follow-Me ' car before they have landed.ARRIVALSPilots who are unfamiliar with the layout of this airport should not order a 'FollowMe' car after they land. (must / before)2 You should only ask for priority landing if you have mechanical problems, a medicalemergency or are dangerously short of fuel. (not / unless)3 Do not order mobility buggies and wheelchairs before you have landed.

(only / after)4 Pilots should only shut down the engines when the ground staff have indicated thatthe aircraft is correctly positioned at the gate. (must not / until)DEPARTURES5 You must only embark onto your plane after filing a flight plan, with details of yourroute and destination. (not / before)6 Do not take off before ensuring that you have sufficient fuel for the flight + 10%.(only / after)7 In snowy weather, aircraft should only attempt take-off after de-icing in the holdingarea. (must not / without)8 Do not move onto the runway unless you have received permission from thecontrol tower. (only / if)264 Word list..NOUNS (cars)VERBS (driving)VERBSADJECTIVESbrake lineacceleratedeviseapartbrake padcounter-steerdrainaudiblebrake pedalcruiseendangercorrectivecabledepartensureevasivecalliperdriftevacuateeven-numbereddisc (brake)overtakegrindmandatorydrum (brake)NOUNSinterveneodd-numberedfluid levelaltitudemaintainprohibitedhandbrakecollisionmodifyremedialhydraulic fluidflight levelmonitorspongyindicatorheadingprocesstactilemaster cylinderhelicopterregainvisiblepistonscrapeADVERBSreservoirhigh-visibilityclothingsquealintentionallysensorimagesteering wheelincidenttorquemaintenancewindscreennaked flameunintentionallysoftnessvibration1 Label this diagram with words and phrases from the Word list.356Saleh21 Schedules1 & .jij Listen to part of an interview about climate change and energy sources.Complete the table.2Predictions and targetsChange in °C or %By dateCarbon emissions to cause rise in global temperaturesa) +~ oCb) already(75 % possibility)c) + ___ oCd) by 2060(50% possibility)e) + ___ oCf)by_-Need to stabilise carbon emissionsNeed to reduce carbon emissionsg) + __O_%i)by ___ %h)by _ _j) after _ __Percentage of energy output from non-carbon-basedfuelsk) ___ %I)by _ _European targets: reduce carbon emissionsm)by ___ %o)by ___ %n) by 2020p)by _ _KrDComplete the questions, using the phrases in the box.

Then listen to theinterview again and check your answers.will that reduce could we avoidyour views could happenyou th inkDowill push upyou thinkin the long term."-that carbon emissionsglobal temperatures?2 Is this the worst that345So howWhat areSoin the future?this?on switching energy sources?carbon emissions?3 Complete these sentences of agreement or disagreement.1A:S:2A:S:3428PI"llIlill~I think we should restrict all travel that uses carbon-based fuels, including flying.I don'tagree with youat all. I just can' t go_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that.There are cost and environmental benefits in switching to electrically poweredvehicles.You have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ there.

I'm happyCCS is surely the way forward , both in the short te rm and medium term.I'm notthat. Let's think again about it.Can we agree that we can achieve a 10 percent reduction in carbon-based fuelsnext year?S: Thatright. Yes, that's_____________ me.A:S:A:2 Causes1 Rewrite each sentence to give a similar meaning, making the following changes.•replace because with the phrase in brackets. Example: because ~ owing to•replace the verbs in italics with related nouns. Example: reacts ~ reaction•replace the adverbs in italics with adjectives.

Example: completely ~ completeExample: I Phosphorus (used in the manufacture of detergents) is stored in waterowing to the reaction of phosphorus with air.IPhosphorus (used in the manufacture of detergents) is stored in water becausephosphorus reacts with air. (owing to)2 The reaction happens because calcium carbonate is added together with water. tothe gas. (due to)3 The gas is purified because polluting particles are completely removed from the gasby the collection plates. (as a result of)4 Emissions from power plants are lower with clean coal technology because thecoal is totally purified before it is burnt. (as a result of)5 Port installation costs are high because the L G is liquefied at a temperature of- 1,620 Celsius before it is loaded onboard. (owing to)6 Greater crop yields are ensured because the growing sheds are automaticallyhumidified.

(as a result of)7 The emergency rescue teams had problems because the olcanic ash rapidlysolidified after cooling. ( caused by)8 The coal used in the power plant is a fine dust because it is pulverised in the coalmill nearby. (due to)212Complete this crossword with words from4111561 117811 1 19101112 113-J.1 very small pieces of matter1 1 11 1 13Section 2 of the Cour e Book pagesI I I IVertical word: these remove small particulates from flue gas2 a common element (S) found in carbonbased fuels3 a piece of metal that cau es particles tobecome negati el charged4 a general word for substances u ed in orobtained by chemistry5 containing salt6 to remove or separate sulphur fromsomething7 a layer of rock that can hold water8 an _ dust precipitator i a type of du tfilter9 a mistake, mark or eakness that makessomething imperfectlOa colourless, odourless flammable gas(CH 4)II to form ions, or make them form12 substances in another sub tance thatmake it of poor quality13 the process of converting into a gasPldnllln~3 Systems1 Match the signpost phrases a- j with the notes for a presentation about geothermalenergy in Iceland.a) OK, let's move on to productionwells.b) I'd like to conclude by showingthis slide.c)ow let's look at transmissionpipelines.d) Thanks, Ed.

Now let's look atgenerating electricity.e)f30PI,ulllmgThe aim of my talk is to tell you about ...g) Thank you all for coming.Any questions?h) Now I'd like to hand over to Ed, who willlook into the question of district heating.i)Next, let's look at different field types.j)Let's start with the underground rock layers.ow I'd like to move on to thepower plant.Phrase20Presentation notesgeothermal power in Iceland: electricity generation, space heating, etc.2hot rock layers from a volcanic system; fissures join together to create anunderground reservoir; becomes an aquifer of hot water, extracted throughproduction wells3low-temperature fields: yield water at below 150 °C for space heatinghigh-temperature fields: yield water at above 200 °C for electricity generationand heating cold water for space heating413 production wells at Nesjavellir, in operation since 1972, to supply the capitalReykjavik: thermal production for space heating, with generationof electricity5show slide: transmission pipeline.

Distance from Nesjavellir to Reykjavik:;27 km. Pipeline diameter: 90 cm. Water temperature: 96 °C. Temperature loss iiitransit: 1-2 °C•6first stage of the process: central separation station: steam is piped throughmoisture separators to steam heat exchangers inside the building7steam from the production wells can't be used for space heating; problem ofmineral-rich saline solution which blocks pipes. Instead, heat exchangers areused to heat cold water, which is then distributed8power plant capacity: 120 MW of electrical power (started production 1990)9show PP slide: Statistics: Iceland's energy requirementsgeothermal energy: 24.5% hydro-electric: 75.4% fossil fuels: 0.1 %geothermal energy: provides heating and hot water for 87% of buildings10invite audience to ask questionsAnswer these questions, using the notes in 1.Example: I Because hot water can be extracted from the underground reservoirs .1 Why is Iceland such a good location for geothermal energy?2 Where does Reykjavik get some of its geothermal energy from?3 How does the hot water get from Nesjavellir to Reykjavik?4 Why isn't steam from the extraction wells used directly for space heating?5 How does Iceland get most of its energy requirements?4 Word listNOUNSNOUNS (energy)VERBS (energy)COMPOUNDNOUNSdeadlineflawcondensebiofueltimelinegasificationconsumeNOUNSgeothermal energyconvert(chemicals)humidificationdesulphurisecarbon captureand storage(CCS)calcium carbonateimpurityemitcarbon dioxide (C0 2)injectiongasifyclean coaltechnologymethane (CHJinsertionhumidifycollection plateionisationioniseflue gasnitrous oxide(Np>ozone (0)liquefactionliquefyiron filingsulphurmagnet particlepressurisepower plantNOUNSparticulatepulveriseADJECTIVES(energy)precipitatorpurifyelectrostaticaquiferpulverisationrecoverharmlessdesulphurisationpurificationsolidifysalineelectrodereactionsulphurisevolcanicemissionreservoirswitchextractionsolidificationfinalisefissuresulphurisationobtainVERBSscan1 Match 1-8 with a-h to describe causes and effects.1 --.!L Electrostatic precipitators remove2 _ CO 2 can be storeda)3 _b)c)d)e)t)g)h)4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _2Complete the sentences with the correct form of energy verbs from the Word list.1 To stop power plantsemittingharmful gases, they should be_ _ _ _ _ _ _ to CCS.2343Methane can be recoveredPressure from the CO 2A chemical reaction results inPolluting particles are attractedThe collection plates getThe iron filings move becausethe desulphurisation of theflue gas.from underground coalfields.by the collection plates.in underground saline aquifers.small particles from flue gas.the magnet attracts them.forces the oil to rise to the surface.a negative electric charge from theelectrodes.To make coal cleaner, you can ________ it into small particles and________ it before burning.After going through the separator, the steam ________ and is thenreturned to the reservoir.Gas canandto L G by cooling it to a verylow temperature.KiDListen to and repeat the verbs in column 3 of the Word list and the compoundnouns in column 4.Planning31Section 11Match each language function 1-9 with one example in column 2 (a-i) and another incolumn 3 U- r) .FunctionExamples (a-i)Examples (i-r)1 agree ~ -..!i.2 give an example _ _3 approve of an ideaa)b)c)d)e)j)k)I)m)n)0)p)--4 change the subject-5 give another possibility-6 disagree _ _7 suggest _ _8 go back to the mainin other words,Alternatively,I think we should use ..

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