Van Eyk, Dunn - Proteomic and Genomic Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease - 2003 (522919), страница 64
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Chem. 2002, 74(3):607–616.23323514Protein Chip Technology in Proteomics AnalysisRosalind E. Jenkins and Stephen R. Pennington14.1IntroductionThe progress in genome sequencing projects has been dramatic and widely publicised: a complete draft of the human genome was published in 2001 [1–3] and asof June 2002, 63% of the sequence had been ‘finished’ to a high standard (seewww.ornl.gov/hgmis/project/progress.html). A total of 73 genomes had been completedand there were a further 416 genome projects in progress (ergo.integratedgenomics.com/GOLD/). These projects have already spawned new approaches to mRNA expression analysis [4–6] and techniques to undertake comprehensive analysis ofprotein:protein interactions using the two-hybrid assay [7–9].
Recent advances inmicroarray technology have increased the speed at which differential gene expression data may be gathered [4, 10–13] and have generated data that in their ownright have increased our understanding of health and disease. However, attemptsto analyse changes in gene expression at the nucleic acid level associated with, forexample, disease states, knockout of individual genes, drug treatments and changing extracellular conditions, may be inappropriate since the expression level of individual mRNAs often does not reflect the level of expression of the corresponding protein product(s) [14, 15]. Nonetheless, genomics based studies have provided a vital framework on which to base the analysis of the proteome of cells andtissues.Proteomics has come to be broadly defined as the global analysis of the expression and activity of proteins within a biological system, but it also includes protein turnover and localisation, post-translational modification, and interaction withother biological moieties [16–21].
Achieving global coverage of such complex systems in a high throughput manner is thus both highly desirable, and extremelydemanding. Significant advances are being made in the development of highthroughput techniques for protein localisation [22], protein structure analysis [23–29], prediction of protein function [30–33] and in mapping protein:protein interactions both by practical methods such as the two-hybrid [7–9, 34] and tandem affinity purification (TAP) [35–37] approaches, and by computational methods [38].Other impressive approaches to genome-wide analysis of gene function have alsobeen reported [39, 40].
This chapter will briefly review the platform technologiesProteomic and Genomic Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease.Edited by Jennifer E. van Eyk, Michael J. DunnCopyright © 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimISBN: 3-527-30596-323614 Protein Chip Technologycurrently dominating proteomics, and will then go on to describe the progressmade to date in the development of protein and antibody arrays.14.2Two-dimensional Gel ElectrophoresisThe realisation that mRNA expression does not always reflect the level of expression or activity of the corresponding protein [14, 15], and the fact that not all biological samples are amenable to analysis at the level of nucleic acids, has lead to aresurgence of interest in measuring proteins directly. The most frequentlyadopted approach both for determining changes in protein expression and for separating proteins prior to characterisation is 2DE [16, 41–49].
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