[учебник] English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova (1175660), страница 92
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Я пришёл, чтобы сообщить вам неприятную новость.V1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.В довершение всего она разбила любимую чашку мамы.Она знает английский язык достаточно хорошо, чтобы поехать в командировку без переводчика.Она знала, что не виновата, ей нечего было бояться.Не разрешайте детям купаться в ручье. Вода очень холодная.Я думаю, что этот вопрос имеет большое значение.Я видел, что он очень расстроен.Говорят, что это здание было построено в XVII веке.Кажется маловероятным, что они придут к соглашению.Он не ожидал, что его спросят об этом.Я видел, как тёмные тучи покрыли небо, и слышал, что поднялся ветер.3. The P a rtic ip le3.1 Forms and FunctionsrActivePassive^Present Participle(Participle 1)askingbeing askedPast Participle(Participle II)asked-having askedhaving been asked ^^ Perfect Participle(for Irregular Verbs see Appendices 2, 3; for Spelling Rules see Appendix 4)The Present Participle (Active and Passive) shows that the action named by the Participle takes place atthe same time with that of the finite verb.
These forms denote simultaneous action in the present, past orfuture.□Do you see the child waving the flag?□ That day we stayed at home watching TV.□In a few minutes the guests will be arriving wearing smiles and carrying presents.334THEPA RTIC IPLEThe Past Participle has no tense distinctions; it hasonly one form which can express both an actionsimultaneous with and prior to the action expressedby the finite verb. In most cases it denotes priority orrefers to no particular tim e.□He is a man loved and admired by everybody.□ The dog carried by the child gave a sharpyelp.□ She took the long forgotten letter out ofthe bag.1. A prior action is not always expressed by thePerfect Participle.
The Present Participle is usedeven if priority is meant with some verbs:a) of sense perception: to see, to hear,to feel, to think, to find, etc.□ Hearing footsteps, he rose and wentto open the door.Услышав шаги внизу, он встал ипошёл открывать дверь.b) of m otion: to come, to arrive, to enter,to leave, etc.□Leaving the house, he went directlyto the station.Выцця из дома, он отправился прямона станцию.The Perfect Participle (Active and Passive) showsthat the action named by the Participle precededthat of the finite verb.
Its forms denote the priority toa present, past or future action.□ Having explained everything, I want to tellyou how sorry I am.□ Having finished the letter, he went to thepost office.□ Having settled the problem, you will findsomething new to worry about.с)verbs associated with m otion: to seize,to grasp, to open, to close, to put, totake, to look, to turn, etc.2.
If the actions denoted by the Participle and bythe predicate closely follow each other, the PresentParticiple is used instead of the Perfect Participle:□ Seeing me, he smiled happily.Увидев меня, он счастливо улыбнулся.The Perfect Participle is used when there is a periodof time between the two actions.□ Having seen her last before the war, hedidn’t recognize her.^The Participle has special forms to denote the Active and Passive Voice.□ When writing letters, he doesn’t like to be disturbed.□ Being written in pencil, the letter was difficult to read.□Having written the letter, he went to the post office.□ Having been written long ago, the manuscript was impossible to read.i(A, B) Translate the sentences from English into Russian, paying special attention to the form ofthe Participle in the sentences.
Select sentences with Participle I, Participle II and the Perfect Participle.Participle I1 ,...Participle IIPerfect Participle2 ,...I.1. The boy playing in the garden is my sister’s son. 2. You can get the recommended book in thelibrary. 3. He asked her to go on with her story, promising not to interrupt her again. 4. Receiving no lettersfrom her father, she called him. 5. He left the office at three o ’clock, saying he would be back at five. 6. She335THEV E RB A L Sstood leaning against the wall. 7.
He lay on the sofa reading a newspaper. 8. Seeing her, he raised his hat.9. Having signed the letter, the manager asked the secretary to send it off at once. 10. Having lived in thattown all his life, he knew it very well. 11. Having arranged everything, he went home on the 10.30 train.12. Being checked with great care, the report didn’t contain any errors. 13. These machines will be sent tothe plant being constructed in this region. 14. Being told of his arrival, I went to see him. 15.
Having beenthree times seriously wounded, he was no longer fit for active service.II. 1. A person bringing good news is always welcome. 2. While skating yesterday, he fell and hurt himself.3. She showed the travellers into the room reserved for them. 4. When writing an essay we must use newwords and phrases. 5. The leaves lying on the ground reminded us of autumn.
6. Books read in childhoodseem like old friends. 7. The answer received from her greatly surprised us. 8. There are many wonderfulbooks describing the life of people in the North. 9. Being a great book-lover, he spent a lot of money onbooks. 10. The figures mentioned in his article were published in Izvestia. 11. Receiving the telegram, herang the manager up.3.2 Functions o f the Participle in the SentenceSentence Word OrderAdverbialModifierS u b je c t^++I^Predicate^j+^Object( Adverbiall Modifier♦ - attributeThe Participle has two syntactic functions:rAn attributeAn adverbial modifierbuilding□TRANSLATIONстроящий / который строитстрояbeing built□□TRANSLATIONстроящийся (в данный момент) /которое строится сейчасThe young men building1ourhouse with me are my brothers.Молодые люди, которые строятнаш дом вместе со мной, мои братья.The white stone house beingbuilt2 near the park is a newbuilding of our Art Museum.Белокаменное сооружение,строящееся у парка, - новоездание нашего музея изобразительных искусств.□Не made his living building3summer houses or garagesfor people.Он зарабатывал на жизнь,строя людям дачи и гаражи.Being built4with great skilland care, the mansion has beenused by the family for centuries.(Так как) особняк был построен(будучи построенным)очень искусно, он служитсемье уже несколько веков.будучи построенным / так какпостроен_______—4336^_______ _____ __________4THEг ~P A RTIC IPLEAn adverbial modifierAn attributebuiltTRANSLATION□They are reconstructing thehouse built in the 18th century.Они реставрируют здание,построенное в XVIII веке.□If built3 of the local stone, theroad will serve for years.Если построить дорогу изэтого местного камня, онабудет служить долгие годы.Так как (если / когда) построенпостроенныйNOTES:1.
In some cases the Present Participle Active inthe function of an attribute is rendered in Russian bya clause.□He came back and stood on the stepsleading down to the street.Он вернулся и стоял на лестнице, котораявела на улицу.2. The Present Participle Passive (being read) isvery seldom used as an attribute.3.
The Past Participle (Participle II) can be anadverbial modifier when it is used with the conjunctionswhen, while, as if/as though, though, unless, if.□ When told to come in, he seemed tochange his mind.Когда его попросили войти, он, казалось,передумал.□ She continued staring at the screen as iffascinated.Она продолжала смотреть на экран, какбудто заворожённая.In this function the Present Participle (Participle I)can also be used with conjunctions when, while(reading) (читая/когда читал).□(W h ile) re ad in g this book, I alwaysremember my childhood.□(When) reading this book, I wrote out anumber of useful expressions.4. The Present Participle being (from to be) is notused in adverbial modifiers of time, we use whilephrase or a clause instead.□ Будучи в Москве, я посетил Кремль.While in Moscow (= while I was in Moscow),I visited Kremlin.□ Будучи мальчиком, я любил играть вфутбол.When a boy (= when I was a boy), I likedto play football.NB! Being is used in adverbial modifiers of cause.□ Being tired (= as he was tired), he wenthome at once.Будучи усталым (= так как он устал), онсразу же пошёл домой.(A) Mark the correct word.1.разбитая чашка Иразбивая □a) breaking b) broken2.проигранная игра □проигрывающая команда □a) losing b) lost3373.кипяченая вода □кипящая вода □a) boiling b) boiledTHE4.жареная рыба □жарящаяся рыба □a) frying b) fried5.V E RB A LSнаписанное письмо □пишущий мальчик □a) writing b) written6.
печёный картофель □запекая рыбу □a) baked b) bakingО(A, B) Open the brackets, using the correctform of the Participle. Do not mix these:3.The young man who helps the professor in hisexperiments studies at an evening school.interesting filmsexciting gamesboring lessonsburning firessinking ships4.People who take books from the library mustreturn them in time.5.There are many pupils in our class who takepart in the performance.interested spectatorsexcited childrenbored studentsburnt woodssunk ships1. A crowd of (excite)..........................people werewatching the firemen trying to save the (burn).............................
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