Abstract Kazun A.D. (1136840), страница 2
Текст из файла (страница 2)
However, afterthe financial crisis of 2008 such topics began to be studied more actively, andindividual works dedicated to economic discussions were also carried out at anearlier date. R. Goidel, R. Langley and B. Fogarty demonstrated that the economicinformation broadcasted by the mass media may not correspond to the real values ofeconomic indicators. The existence of a negative bias when covering economictopics was shown by T.
Amato, M. Blondheim, M.-A. Cabrera, D. Lauri, R. Nadeau,R. Niemi, E. Segev, S. Soroka, D. Harrington. More attention of the population toscandals and catastrophes was explained by J. McManus, and the study of J. Swinnenand N. Francken allowed to assume that scandals in the field of economics are noexception.The role of economic discussions during the crisis was studied by M. Weberand O. Quiring. Researchers noted that the coverage of economic events during therecession has a number of significant shortcomings and difficulties (C.
Vreese, A.Dalen, A. Kalogeropoulos, P. Manning, E. Albæk, H. Svensson): fragmentation ofthe broadcasted information, media dependence on PR services of largecorporations, uneven representation of the interests of different groups (M. Berry, J.Lidberg, S. Knowles, K. Rafter, J. Tett, P. Thompson, G. Phillips). E. Palmer, G.Turner, A. Tenner, E. Fürsich also point to the need to simplify information abouteconomic topics faced by the mass media interested in reaching a wide audience.The influence of economic discussions on public opinion and personaleconomic expectations were estimated in the studies of Sh.
Iyengar, R. Behr, D.Grant, Yu. Zhu, J. Kim, B. Lee, D. Mutz, H. Norpoth, B. Haller, D. Scheufele.Analysis of the impact of public opinion on the economic behavior of people wasconducted by R. Casarin, R. Curtin, J. Lischka, S. Pruitt, F. Squazzoni, J. Hoffer.The influence of the population's perception of the economy on political behaviorwas studied by K.
Anderson, S. Lipset, L. Nord, E.-K. Olson, K. Wlezien. This topicwas also developed within the framework of the economic voting theory (B. Gomez,T. Hansford, M. Elinder, H. Jordahl, P. Poutvaara).In Russia, the research of agenda setting was carried out by E. Dyakova, A.Trakhtenberg, the analysis of the rhetorical deconstruction of problems was carriedout by E. Bogomyagkova, E. Nim, I.
Yasaveev. The coverage of individual plots byRussian mass media was analyzed by S. Bodrunova, D. Gavra, S. Davydov, I.Kiriya, A. Litvinenko, E. Markov, O. Malinova, S. Shomova. The peculiarities ofthe Russian media landscape were studied by J. Becker, E. Vartanova, S.
Gehlbach,O. Koltsova, A. Kuvshinnikova, M. Lipman, M. McFaul, H. de Smaele.Purpose and objectives of the studyPurpose of the study: to identify ways of constructing economic problems in thepress on the example of Russia's accession to the WTO and economic sanctions.The achievement of this goal will be facilitated by the solution of the following tasks:1. To systematize studies of economic discussions in the press and theirinfluence on public opinion.2. To analyze the dynamics of the intensity of the discussion about the topicsreviewed and explain the observed fluctuations in the number of publicationson these topics.3.
To highlight the most popular arguments of the participants in the discussion:in press in general and among the representatives of various fields.4. To assess changes in the coverage of issues (sentiment, related issues, etc.)over time and describe the main deproblematizing strategies according to theclassification of P. Ibarra and J. Kitsuse.5.
To assess the impact of the discussion in press on people's attention todifferent issues on the agenda.Personal contribution of the author to problem development and datacollection1.The author of the thesis formed three databases allowing to analyzeinformation reports on the accession of Russia to the WTO and the implementationof economic sanctions, as well as to compare the most memorable problems for thepopulation and the intensity of their coverage by the mass media.2.The results of the research of coverage of economic issues in mass media weresystematized. The results of the analysis of individual cases are described in termsof "obtrusive" and "unobtrusive" questions (M.
McCombs), allowing to draw aconclusion about the different role of the mass media in the formation of personaleconomic expectations and assessments of the economic situation in the country. Anattempt has been made to systematize and compile a model of economic discussionsto move away from the analysis of paired associations ("mass media/public opinion","public opinion/reality", "interest groups/mass media" etc.) and form a complexpicture of this phenomenon.3.Fluctuations in the intensity of the discussion about Russia's accession to theWTO and implementation of economic sanctions were interpreted as the result ofactions of interest groups, influence of external factors (peculiarities of thenegotiation process, adoption of new sanctions lists, etc.), as well as the presence orabsence of the topics competing for the attention of the audience.
The positions ofthe interest groups in the discussion about the Russia's accession to the WTO wereanalyzed. It was shown that the activity of participation of interest groups in thepublic discussion might influence its tone.4.The author for the first time applied the classification of counter-rhetoricstrategies of P. Ibarra and J. Kitsuse to describe the public discussion of economictopics. It is proposed to visualize the results of the analysis in the form of a matrix.5.For the first time the hypothesis of first-level agenda-setting theory, accordingto which the mass media have a significant impact on the people’s attention todifferent issues, was tested on Russian data. To control the results on the backgroundof the discussion, it is proposed to use the unprecedented methodology forcalculating the concentration coefficient of public attention, which avoids the use asa control series of dichotomous variables month-year, replacing them with a singlequantitative variable reflecting the availability in the current month of the topicsmonopolizing the attention of the population.6.The results of work on the research topic were presented by the authorat 26 conferences, served as the basis for the development of the syllabus for"Applied Media Analysis" course, and were used to work on projects of thelaboratory of economic and sociological research of Higher School of Economicsand the project of the Russian Foundation for Humanities "Integratedmethodological approach to studying the influence of media on public opinion".
In2017, the author's publications on economic discussions in Russian mass mediareceived a prize for the best series of articles (second place) at the InternationalCompetition of Media Studies of the National Association of Mass MediaResearchers, and in 2018 within the framework of this competition an article of theauthoron"ConcentrationCoefficientofPublicAttention:CalculationMethodology" received the first prize in the category of "Best Article".Theoretical grounds of research and hypothesesThe theoretical and methodological basis for the study is the theory of socialconstruction of the problems (J.
Best, G. Blumer, M. Spector and J. Kitsuse), as wellas the concept of rhetorical deconstruction of the problems by P. Ibarra and J. Kitsuseand the associated empirical work of E. Bogomyagkova, E. Nim, I. Yasaveev. Theanalysis of the influence of intensity of discussion on the attention of the populationto various topics used the theory of agenda-setting proposed by M.
McCombs andD. Shaw and developed by K. Ader, Sh. Iyengar, H. T. Wu, L. Guo, E. Dyakova, A.Simon, A. Trakhtenberg, D. Weaver. The use of the control variable when measuringthe effect of the agenda, reflecting the concentration of public attention, was basedon the idea of communicative complexity, which was developed by Suedfeld P.,Tetlock P., J. Kleinnijenhuis, D. Oegema, F.
Schultz. The table of indicators andparameters for content analysis was prepared on the basis of the masscommunication model proposed by G. Lasswell. When assessing possibleconsequences of active media coverage of the situation with economic sanctions, thetheory of rally 'round the flag was used (M. Baum, R. Brody, P. Dinesen, J. Mueller,T. Nam, N. Hirt, C. Chowanietz, J. Edwards, M.
Jæger).Hypotheses of the study:1.Previous studies of economic discussions in the mass media and theirinfluence on public opinion demonstrate that the role of masscommunication will be higher in the absence of personal experience inrelation to the problem.2.The intensity of the discussion regarding Russia's accession to the WTOand economic sanctions is explained by the external factors (especiallythe progress of the negotiation process, the adoption of new sanctionslists, etc.), positions of interest groups and the existence of competingtopics.3.Economic discussions are constructed by different interest groups,whose representation in the mass media can influence the sentiment ofthe discussion.4.When covering the economic issues, a wide range of strategies ofdeproblematization was used, dominated by unsympathetic counterrethorics that denies the existence of problems as such.5.A more active discussion in the mass media of certain issues leads tothe fact that a large share of the population remembers these events anddefines them as important.Methods of data collection and analysisResearch is based on the analysis of two cases of economic discussions in theRussian media (Russia's accession to the WTO and economic sanctions), as well ason the test of the main hypothesis of first-level theory of agenda-setting (on the effectof the intensity of the discussion of any given issue on the public attention to it).
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