english_na_sertifikat_demo (1129143), страница 2
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You already know about your great-grandparents.B. Going back ten generations is too far.C. You don't have time to do it.D. You have a lot of relatives.8. Maria McLeod has written the article toA. encourage people to research their family historyB. put people off researching their family’s pastC. share an experience of researching the pastD. promote instructions on genealogy researchPART 2 - You are going to read an article about intelligence.
Seven sentences have beenremoved from the article. Choose from the sentences A – H the one which fits each gap (1 – 7).There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet №1._________________________________________________________________________________What makes someone intelligent?The days when all you needed to make a living was sufficient physical strength to bring in the harvestare long gone. To survive today you need to be educated to rocket scientist level just to program aDVD recorder, make sense of a public transport timetable, or follow a complicated picture on TV. Inshort, what you have in your head has never been more important.But what exactly is intelligence? Are there ways of getting smarter, or are you stuck with what youwere born with? There aren’t any easy answers.
Despite the progress that has been made in geneticsand psychology, human intelligence has remained one of the most controversial areas of modernscience. [ 1___]Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have beenlooking into genetic make-up. From their research, they have established that a slightly different geneis more common in those with a high IQ. Plomin analysed DNA from two groups of 51 children agedbetween six and 15.
What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103. An analysis of their genesrevealed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question, while only 16% in thesecond group did.[ 2___] He suggests that there are probably many genes that contribute to intelligence, rather than justone.If you were born with a full set of intelligence-enhancing genes, then you’d expect to be very cleverindeed. But just how important are genes in intelligence? Most of the early research depended onmeasuring the IQs of identical twins who had grown up separately.
The argument was that ifintelligence was 100% inherited, both twins would have the same IQ, no matter how different theirbackgrounds. [ 3___]Демонстрационный вариант 2014 г. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКSince it is difficult to find many who have been separated at birth, recent studies have concentrated onadopted children instead.
One does suggest that adopted children become increasingly like theirbiological parents as they get older.In the past, the idea that intelligence is mainly inherited became an excuse for prejudice anddiscrimination. The concept of IQ itself was first developed a century ago by French psychologistAlfred Binet. [ 4____] IQ measures something called general intelligence, testing word and numberskills, as well as spatial ability.Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career success, although some psychologistsremain unconvinced about this. [5____] 'The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones whodo best in their careers, but there’s a big business out there with occupational psychologists offeringall kinds of selection tests for companies.
They won't go away because there’s a lot of money to bemade. But intelligence is not like temperature, and you cannot measure it in the same way. It’s muchmore complicated than that.'Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn't everything. Manyalternative views have been put forward recently.
[ 6____] This offers a much broader view than theIQ theory, including creativity and communication skills as relevant factors in intelligence.Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguingthat true geniuses do indeed appear to combine high levels of each type of intelligence. [ 7____] Atthe same time, Buzan believes that everyone can develop their intelligence, if only they take thetrouble to exercise their brain. Perhaps there's hope for us all!A.
This may seem remote from everyday concerns, but does illustrate what the human brain iscapable of.B. One example is the idea of ‘multiple intelligences’, which was developed in the 1980s byHarvard psychologist Howard Gardner.C. The tests were meant to select bright but socially-disadvantaged children, to ensure that theygot a good education.D. Until now, that is, for the discovery of a gene linked to intelligence has made the experts thinkagain.E. He lists Alexander the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as examples.F. Professor Michael Rowe, who has written a book called Genius Explained, is one of these.G. However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this earlystage.H.
On the other hand, if differences in their IQs were found, this would point to background orenvironmental factors.Демонстрационный вариант 2014 г. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКPart 3 - You are going to read a magazine article about people who experienced an animal attack.For questions 1 – 15, choose from the people (A – E). The people may be chosen more than once.Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet №1.Which person1. didn’t immediately realized he’d been attacked?2.
was photographed during the attack?3. made a noise to frighten the animal?4. thought he would be attacked again?5. was attacked while at work?6. was put in danger by someone he was with?7. was searching for something when he was attacked?8. was considered to have missed an opportunity?9.
was sorry he wasn’t injured?10. was warned by a companion?11. was happy at first to see the animal which later attackedhim?12. was prevented from escaping by a piece of equipment?13. was returning when he was attacked?14. was seriously injured by the attack?15. didn’t visit a doctor despite his injury?Демонстрационный вариант 2014 г. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКSurviving an animal attackNo matter how well prepared you are as a traveller, animals can still attack you. Our advice? Keepyour distance!A Colin BristowI was working as a safari guide in Botswana with four American clients. There was a sudden movement to my leftand a charging elephant crashed through some small trees less than 20 feet away.
I turned to face it and wasimmediately knocked over by one of the clients, who was screaming ‘run, run’ at the top of his voice. I landed onmy back between the exposed roots of a large acacia tree. My backpack tangled with one of the roots so that Icouldn’t move. The elephant was kneeling over me and his thick trunk was smashing into the roots on either sideof my body.
I managed to free myself from my backpack. A very loud single enraged trumpet pierced the silenceas I ran flat out to safety.В Craig BovimI was attacked by a great white shark while snorkelling off Scarborough beach, south of Cape Town. I was about 80 metresout and had started swimming for shore when I saw it coming towards me at speed. Before I knew it, this huge mouth hadtaken both my arms with a crunching sound, and then its body hit me. It was the thought of dying without saying goodbye tomy children that made me fight back.I got my hands free and I knew that unless I got back to the beach quickly, I’d die.
I was expecting the shark to come back forme at any moment, but somehow I made it. I'd lost a lot of blood by the time I got ashore.С Chris HaslamI was camping on a beach in Mexico. It was sunset and I was walking along the coast looking for firewood. Then I noticed adead cactus which was perfect for the fire. I bent to lift it and felt the slightest prick against my middle finger, which I thoughtI'd brushed against a cactus spine.
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