Tyukavkina_Organicheskaya_khimia_kniga2 (1125796), страница 4

Просмтор этого файла доступен только зарегистрированным пользователям. Но у нас супер быстрая регистрация: достаточно только электронной почты!

Текст из файла (страница 4)

"$ * +$ & ' $ &.7b736367b36377% %% 0/(/^'#"D $ $ ,"%-)%%'%Q % 0+ 0+ , 0+ " $ '#" # " & $L:2062860o2_1.fm Page 77 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM$$ 0+='#$"'# $ & " $$$% ) /#9 %"'4433U_1616163*16+k6U_U736U77U61616 37 k6U_)!$0+%&'$0+)%'%' 1 #$%'$#))*#+'23*16+U_ 4*16+33 R #'/'" &% - ''^%' , ''6#)R & '( # %$&L+S+ ,' L+ $ L+ S+ / "'S+ 33633L+ 33336S+ !"$'"*> , C$@L:0+$'LL2062860o2_1.fm Page 78 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM  *$ & % U860307 @M0 $ & sWs + $&'
& $' # .

^ " sWs $' ;</=>&6#.,-'&,/ D#&@A4+) '*3'@$3'3'L3'S$' %+ ) / %V 'j;d6e9$0*#+$ '1$' 3'@$ #)# / *j;!M$S+ %R π' & $ π'&$)2 3 33 3 6S+ /) )%'$" "1 % $$ &'-&" $ 9$:$M' ; " 9$:$M' # '*9$:$M' +$ " &"*'&"+ %%7637LM366336%7633767U_3367633a7U_ *+$@8A@:A °1U_336U_9$:$M' 2062860o2_1.fm Page 79 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM1 9$:$M' & $&#$)# " " O '9$:$M' & % : E 9 E M T $'# /## 9$:$M'' # $ *:'' +B$*9$:' + 4*:' +*9'':' +,"' " & &" "*W+*WW+("'U'9*WW+)'' *WWW+*WX+ , &$"&)%'*WX+1' U_3U_363336$@AA°UU_3636339$:$M' U_363U_6$a~*W+U_7633336U_363*WW+36U_6$a~363*WWW+361673*WX+36 76331673[$@AA°U336$a~763376333676336376o76$@AA°U3336U_336_67336/##M$' $$"' $ &" 36' , ) %#U_3U_333U_9$:$M' B %$ $ " & "LS2062860o2_1.fm Page 80 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM/# & $ ! )% U'M$U'9U':?$9$:$M' ' #MU_33U_U_336U_36U_U_9$:$M' 3U_6336U_367H6 U_36336U_U_376H6U_9$:$M' U_363367M''9$:' 6#$8&!$ &,#' $ # & $.

&' &.$"' # &"N "$ " * &"+ *)+#98n # R *j;!@8$L8$j;!9@A$+   )"*76'$& 36'%+76363773 36 673[76637373[3 36 6 73[763633[733673[ ( " /$$' & '" !$## ) $ / ./ / $ $ $ & ' * +."'MA2062860o2_1.fm Page 81 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM& $' &' ' *%+1 763736763Y 7Z736776 7e7763367 73636367367363636736H967736367777677763736377736337 77636 * +736367 " . # '" &*&"+%L+S+ 763677636333736766333733*L+ +36336336*S+ +-&0+'($($ *88+7U67U633337U6733U6U6%%6337637U6333U6! $ '#$"$ ,# & $ j;! L$LM$S.%"$ $'# $ 'M@2062860o2_1.fm Page 82 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM &" > $$27636333677eU636363s 333367U6M'*%+1. $#S+ $& %367333%7636336363633363336 =#%'!&#' $$# *&+= & ! &V % / '@AA °1&'- & " "763363736U_*+$@:A °1363367 3636$89n336e63136368' $9@nF" $ $)*9S99+; )' $363333363[37$6763333667H37333363363361 $ &" ') $ #'"$&" ;$')%%)#$ &M92062860o2_1.fm Page 83 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM $ *9'':' + ; * +U6 346463333663:' 43333373336 363363466333U67U6U6766%7!& $!&,"' /)&$'"ss ;)'0A$ '#, & ' 2  "  *9:@+(## %$&"'(## #$$@$9'$@$'@$0'$#2333336+0+@$'@+@$0'= $ '#, '34' *+0+@$''+$ ) Mπ') *$ @+@$0'+ >$ " & "%/)& $ '" F & '$ 36@+@' 368+Y"$ ( Z369+9'M2062860o2_1.fm Page 84 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM(*#@A@@+'#.$'$ 37U36U77U63367UU63*U6+`6U_! $ .$ $ @+ +@$0'$ #"#8633@+@$0'/) *') $ +$"'* &"+F9'$' > % $' *9:8@+U_6336U633167*) $ +373637dl73161_%#9>F=F=>>>DG9, ''% ')#> # $ $ # M02062860o2_1.fm Page 85 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM#9"> $#9:9S$' & &"2• $&&"#π')$ " & # V• $#&"' V• $ &" & # 'V• $ &" '"$.

' $ '>$' Q$#$'!#$'- ' ' $ )'$$' 1# $ ' /) ) #9" , & ) . &UHUA$@0A$# 3674% %363336a333333@$$8'a733a9$0$:'%'M82062860o2_1.fm Page 86 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM? A@ 3)Δ # ='!!7//// * +*+*+////*+!'"% 11$1$!% !%;+ΔC>A$ASA$@9%>>M9L8A$@8A$@AA$9AA$@:A$@LA$@SA$99:SMA8S:L:8:@80'!!/%?%N;?//'/'9^ @+=*@'"+?!'"% 11$1$!% !%;+ΔCA$90A$9LA$9LA$9MA$9MA$@A$8A$MA$0A$0:>@A8@080800L9M99@9:>B;2L/ , Q?R2$@SM819M( '#%$)'", #2$ 0*99@+-)$ &" , ΣΔ0$* +'Δ0 , ') &*+$ Δ0 G A$0S D@AAn$An$#*A@+.$$ $' -$ @$$8' $$Δ0 &-$ '# *@$$8' @@@9:°+ &# $#$#π') )%%$,#' & $ $)#9:.",#' "M:2062860o2_1.fm Page 87 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PMF #π'222*)+$&"# )' *999+, ))& &)$'$)& &) π' O $///*.O.+$A9; .O.$ # & ' $ #2%EE% VEVEO.O.)#$P-$ $'A9% '$%|.O.'$! )& *2 " &"+, &) # )#!22R$ β '&*999+V 22+2 * R (&$ % (# (&$# % I& J$ 999+ > A9$)(& C '&.O.$ $)? A9 !/''!!7//;////^ ?%;/;QH3$%"+",I#;3#!!J?#"!%B>@@L9A9#B>@S$89A$98@00SA:M@999@M@@989A0M$88$L8$:@8$@@@$9A$9@$M@M$LM$S9A$0A;2+",I#;3#!A%%B<'+'!β7!J?#"!8!J?#"!MS@0@0@0$S@0$@0$L9@@$S99@M$L$A@9:@9$:>>CBA$A8MA$A89A$A8@A$A0SA$A0SA$ASA$AALA$A9A$A0LA$A88A$A09A$A8AML2062860o2_1.fm Page 88 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM#9#; ,$*@9:+$$'&|RO@6$$#$'*δ:$:M$A +/$&"$$'#$*A+.#' ! ' & # ' $$' -$ % $ $ $|RO? A D*δ"":&6,'!!/^ ?%/;//K1LK1MK1NK1OK1P:$LL$0L$L$LM$:S$9:$9:$0L$@L$:L$A:$9:$0L$@:$L$@L$:M$M:$LL$0L$L$:L$@L$AL$0M$:M$MR & ''$ & *M$0S$:+.$#'$'&"$9AAn#'$&'' 7777 '77α'77γ'/##2α':$0L$M $γ':$8M$A,|RO #'"$ # #'#9%1,# "$MM2062860o2_1.fm Page 89 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM- ) # # $ ($# ' )'%"$#''$ * #€+B?$# #$%$ $ $ $ " .

# #'"'$ & )% !*+'#' $ & $ & * S+ / #$IJ$' & - ) & & $#'%$)' $?$ #' #9, '$/ QK $ *U6'&+',#&#$$&)) #9. '$#"$&&$'#"#$ 0+ A+ =+ * 8@9+/) #$ - ' ?$ *$ 'B - $ " $$#$'#& MS2062860o2_1.fm Page 90 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM+*$9S@@+$'$&")'*A0+(*+ &5$"$ $ " N$ $ ) 4+ & )'!$ π'$'$ U'9$"'*9M@+? A0 /*E$FG,'!!/;/!?;;Q/'!!HH9$8A$M9$8L$AH;Q/;=/Q/'!!H8$88$90$S8$08$:9$9*HL$@+/// ///Q/@$9*H:$+A$8*H:$:+9$@@$@@@$S$M*8$:+B,; $ &" 'NP)/ ' $ &$' # F j;d6e $ H:$A$ V & &&%$#')%*89+e636636'/$ & &#"=34'$ && $ & &*A0+#9 '5 $ &" $ '$ # " $ 36'*A8+? $SA2062860o2_1.fm Page 91 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM$/) '$#" $ P ) !) ? A8/*E$%,'!!Q7 '8/;>/'!!@L$8@L$A@:$L@0$9Q7 '8;Q/ ?@0$9@9$SM$S0$S/ $#$$&" $&1.& '363336#9#"!1& "&$'$ "(&' $%$ $ $ #'#"( $ && "' - $ !)' # % $ ## *' +,"##'- $' " #9#.

&!( &IJ*S@2062860o2_1.fm Page 92 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM$ $s% 369$7646+?ssssWsWW/ WU s$ $ WW  U s U U > )#$ *' W+ '%!U U' %$$$ *@M00+1U s#'# $ % s' U 3h'*@M0+O #'", W@$0'@$8'$ % & , % ' ,) &"# *   +eh7 736767 3667763h@$0'H967h3h( L2-*@MM8+/# '" @$8' $ ' %β'' *W+ *WW+ . h & ' 77*W+S9heh777*WW+H67@$8'hh367 36H6732062860o2_1.fm Page 93 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM, WW # # 'V) #W,' &$$α'$ &"&' , # '")"$ $ &2U 3U Uh7h6776e36367α'hH96736O -*@MM0+T WW# '*$+$%' , ) IJ ' )%#9#) !$', " *9S@+$ *9S99+ *9S9+-# $ & &" $6/ % *d:+ WW, '$ /$$"$#1U67U6716e763@')''9$07 3167aU_$@8A °13616637$*U6U7+7$A °17:8n73167U67U6U336$a~U_U67U6U636633160AnL8n6U_*+$@MA °1U67U6U3U67U6U336U36316U676U6363L8n3[37$6U_$SA °180n67U676U676163$08nS2062860o2_1.fm Page 94 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM1 $ '&0AL8n6/ !" $ S*@MMA+$& 'α$β'"' &" * + , " & $&"'11 67U6U6*76+U6767e36U6U6U6647U6H9677U6U664736U6U676U6*W+*WW+7636H67Y7Z*WWW+363$M8SAn^1 &2@+ &V9+ # *W+V+ )% & +# '*WW+V0+ & *WW+@$9'*WWW+V8+ *WWW+-# " &$'& $ * I{v}'j{xw‚vx}wuwJ+$"11 '$& /"' & $6/>&'*+/ S02062860o2_1.fm Page 95 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM167U67*U67+47$3[7667*U67+$6U_U67U67*W+U676$3uU67U6U3U6767$3[76$0'%'U6U6368*WW+U67U67U67U673[U3U67U67U6U_U6U776*WWW+U67367U6*WX+3U67U7U6a7U_7U67U67U6a~H6*X+U67U6737U67U6- & %/ ')%*+&$ U69U_$%'/ *W+'&$ $0'%'; &*WW+' *WWW+$ "*WX+(*WX+%% "&'."' TUV+*@MS+-& *X+"& & S82062860o2_1.fm Page 96 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM<DA= = A=> $&" &" &#'#Q&% O&$ .

># &" 2'$  $';#$$''$$&"'$#=% $ #" ' & % $ & & $ R'?I J"sWs $ ) *$ & U:6@97:$ U86@A78$ U@96997@@+ & " & & % U5*697+K %' I J /# $$&' " % *$ U86@A70$ ' +$ I J '" IJIJ; "' $ ' *" +$ /$$ &  S:2062860o2_1.fm Page 97 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM/# & &*CJW'C3 '+$&&"!' $ $ $ N#$&MAn $&'"F,# & % 2 # )$&IJ$&* +"* +&" ! # " $ $"$)R %#"!R "$ $ '$# D" '$ & -)'& $ 67U69*U676+5U6G7 , # $ '$*SS$Sn+$'&,# $ &$ %,'$# &%&$ '## ' U'0U'8,'$ %' γ' δ'' *@M0@+()#'δ'2776BUδγ6 *X'% +β76U677αδ'6BU76 *='% +1 ,% $&" $# '%/ '*@@0+SL2062860o2_1.fm Page 98 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM#, '&*U+$*U0+$*U8+$*U:+ -&( %' %'$   /% ' *@@+1 @@ (67U6=67U6!>1!ON//=67U6>67U6BU6BU6BU6767676BU6BU676U67BU6BU6U6767676BU6BU6U76767BU6BU6BU6U76767677 U676U676#"!O'.&%$) %, %# *@@+$)' # % & ')?$'*95$5G+$)N #@:$ )$ # ( X$=+*099+$' ) (' f$t' ! f' t'' % $ ' $ % (I&"J U'0$U'8*$ " $# % ' $ +SM2062860o2_1.fm Page 99 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM1 %&'% ^$ &U'@ A#,!('"%#;!:(33*3%#'!(!&#;!%%31 % '#;% 3!'#,!% !%&' " R1'+ %# B" S1'+) )",+"" %&$%"%!'B(#!1#;'('7%)N)L)L8)1676167666717676667676$&"# 1676766761676'',"#% '! f' t' $# X$=+$ /) % '#*#+ ''% '%$267667666'+7676'+667676676'+66666766767676'.+7667676'+, &2• %$ &" % & V• %$&" V• %% '  '  $ ' & $U'91 $ $ #" & &" &f'+% &$ f'+!'#'$ ' $@9(  $% $16761676166776761676'+ *' +1676616767676761676'.+ *'% +166767766761676'+ *'+SS2062860o2_1.fm Page 100 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM1 @96)H4/IJU676761676'U67U6776766616761676')'1676661677676766766167616766661676'667667676761676'167667661676'&67676167666676 6776 61676'1676''16776 6776666776666761676'16776 67667766766167766761676'16776 67766766766167676761676'6766766766761676'16766767616776 676676677661676'666761676'D&% $ $#$&$$).$# f' t')#%&'"?$f't'& "H@A8e@A8°*)YαZf%+/&"f'' !t'*@@8+t''&"$f')1 $f t' " $ ' *e+ *H+ )($f'* +&'"&"$ f' f'";$ f'&f'%  ')"- $f'&%' * + )@AA2062860o2_1.fm Page 101 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM& 1$ $" $ &$ $ % 1&"$'.&$&"#' &% & -$f'f'& %' U'$ &)U'* @9+=' f'& f')U'9$ f'& f'' )U'0)U'91676767666676761676')U'01676676676676761676'&1676676767666761676'##=O '& &%$' ?$ ' V '$ & )% *$ +" #&V' "# 'D" %$*#)%+ '" & %/'# ,P)%#' , ) & ' = = > *@MLA+$ # $$$#' * L0@+ - Q ?*@MM+# $$ #= Q$' K $&"&' / %'& %@A@2062860o2_1.fm Page 102 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM * %'+$ # % ' D %$ # % *+$ U'8$' $ * '#"+/ &'U':/#%#'%&% ^*#I% >?J+ *+666766B 76766767667661676α''&167676676676676761676+'&B 67667671676β''& 76$ $ '!"/ 1$&"% U'@U'9%$&$ '&=α$% % '$ &"# f't' Nβ'% U'@% ';$ α'' f'% ^ $β' ! &'$&2α'f'&T%# 76 U'0 U'8 ! &" ) 1 * % + D$ % # " &α'β' *+666766B 767667761676α''&% @A91676676676676761676+'&6766766B 67667761676β''&% 2062860o2_1.fm Page 103 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM9 D T % ^ &% &$' ,% B% #& *' +$#"= &$ 77% = * $ U6976$ $76+&&1 $)% '$&>$ &1UHU$"#&&$'&#$)( % % ^ '&&$' $".' # α'f'& U'8$$$% &)*0@+D &% ^#'$ % $$' $# '&$$$)&α'f'&666766767667676667 667U61676% ^77676676616767 66676 67667&6&76% ! & #$ ' α' f' & $β'&>$*U'8'U'0% +&$' f'% $ $)t''B^)*6[ƒ{lx+$ -*@SL+$ 2 $ $ )$ $ $ # R # 1 '$ $&$ '&*9+;##+1@A2062860o2_1.fm Page 104 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM% & ; )$ % % f'& f'#& &"267767U676776767676 76U67676α''&% β''% 1 $76' U'8&% '#$ @MA°#% ^(/% #& $'&*09L@+/$ $ &%&$ #)'%!&0E@@E0$' $#' $*+#)'*E #%!W9 B+α'f'U676U676777676%E%E/%# F$ " $ &"#* 'U6976+$@$'B$# %?#f'&$f'f'' " &&% 0E@Q$ f'&#)*β'+U676676777676 α''&U676676777676 )β''&B ! @$'# #$ $%& @A02062860o2_1.fm Page 105 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM, & f'&$ ' % $ P %$ f'&>%% %#' $ ) " '&>% ' # $ % ' & #%1 "% 'P$ &"' $ T%&* '+ *+ , # " ! % * +$ ''$'' ? %$ ) ?$ $ & ?$ f'& % ! % % &#$#$'% "& &% '1 "f'&167676716767767616767676β''&*:0n+671676767767676β''&% *mA$@n+6776761676767α''&*:n+76+'&*mA$An+6716767767676α''&% *mA$@n+@A82062860o2_1.fm Page 106 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM!" L%"%" ;"α'D'&*Y+β'D'&*Z+| P '"#-$ " YαZf α'f'& β'f'& & e@@9 e@S° * + 5 #'YαZfe89$8°*@@+.$ #"@M0: * ' # +$ / * 2  ' 2  "+ 1 P$ # (f'& % &'# α'β'%+% ,# &"2• $ V• V• &% '*@@+? @@ 6*K,//)0&!A!.!.3;'.α1!β1!α1!f'&::0Af'::0f'R:M9AAf'Of'>9AL8:::A@MAf'=:0@A:β1!A1*αeβ+2062860o2_1.fm Page 107 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM!" α' f'? P Δ9'11$&" U'9?$β'f'#&)'*U'8$# 76 U'@U'9+?)β' f',α'#' $P)f'β'f'R67U676677766α'f'R7667U'76U76667%E676-&U'9U'@U6767766676%E776UU'6676-&U'9U'@? " -$ ' "'α'f'&$ ' & %$ &" ?$&'& / &&"%$ & =&$$%$)#'% *αβ+ &'&=&'% $#'α'β'%$ &$$ 67167671676776766776'*α'β'%+7h7676'&* +#($ &!$ $-&"')$&'% $ *'" 76+>$% '@AL2062860o2_1.fm Page 108 Wednesday, October 3, 2007 4:06 PM%$'2 " &$ #)% &$  & - & ;</=>;<Q);/> $ $ ,)'#% ,# 9''f'  ' *(->+.# $ # * U'@ %+$) ) # 9'''f'Q%29'''f'+*f'+% +167671676666767616769'''1676776769'''% 7676 76'%16767677676'%!:''t'*t'+16766676776766616:'''*'+7 766716167676:''α''*α''+67776 6776:''α''*α''+( # t' % # &"2 &% &'" f')% *%' +$% $&' 1.

Характеристики

Список файлов книги