Ю.М. Баяковский, А.В. Игнатенко - Начальный курс OpenGL (PDF) (1124368), страница 22
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Ïðè ýòîì åëüñ÷èòàåòñÿ äåðåâîì, à äâå ðàâíîáåäðåííûå âûòÿíóòûå âåðòèêàëüíî ãðàíè, ïîñòàâëåííûå íà ëàíäøàôò êðåñò íàêðåñò è ïîêðàøåííûå â çåëåíûé öâåò, ñ÷èòàþòñÿ åëüþ.Îòðàæåíèÿ â âîäåÑäåëàòü òàê, ÷òîáû ëàíäøàôò îòðàæàëñÿ â âîäå, êîòîðàÿ óæåäîëæíà ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü íà ëàíäøàôòå (òî åñòü ïîäðàçóìåâàåòñÿ,÷òî ýòî äîïîëíèòåëüíîå çàäàíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðàçâèòèåì äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî çàäàíèÿ 2). Îäèí èç âàðèàíòîâ ðåàëèçàöèè: ðàññ÷èòàâòåêóùóþ ìàòðèöó êàìåðû, îòðàçèòü åå îòíîñèòåëüíî ïëîñêîñòèâîäû è èçîáðàæåíèÿ ëàíäøàôòà, íå âûâîäÿ ïðè ýòîì ãðàíè ïîâåðõíîñòè âîäû. Çàòåì, ïîëüçóÿñü åùå íå îòðàæåííîé ìàòðèöåéêàìåðû, âèçóàëèçèðîâàòü ãðàíè ïîâåðõíîñòè âîäû ïîëóïðîçðà÷íûìè.
Ýòî ñîçäàñò èëëþçèþ ïîâåðõíîñòè âîäû, ñêâîçü êîòîðóþâèäíî îòðàæåíèå. Çàòåì, îïÿòü æå ñ íåîòðàæåííîé ìàòðèöåé êàìåðû, íóæíî íàðèñîâàòü ñàì ëàíäøàôò (ýòîò ïîäõîä ÿâëÿåòñÿ÷àñòíûì ñëó÷àåì îïèñàííîãî â ðàçäåëå 8.3).ÒåíèÍà ýòàïå ðàñêðàñêè âåðøèí ëàíäøàôòà (òî åñòü ýòî íàäî ñäåëàòü îäèí ðàç, à íå êàæäûé êàäð) èç êàæäîé âåðøèíû ìîæíî âûïóñòèòü ëó÷, ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûé íàïðàâëåíèþ ñîëíöà.
Åñëè ëó÷íå ïåðåñåêñÿ ñ ïîâåðõíîñòüþ ëàíäøàôòà ðàñêðàøèâàòü êàêÂ.3. Èíòåðàêòèâíûé ëàíäøàôò213çàïëàíèðîâàíî, åñëè ïåðåñåêñÿ çíà÷èò äàííàÿ âåðøèíà ëàíäøàôòà íàõîäèòñÿ â òåíè, è äëÿ íåå íóæíî âçÿòü ìåíåå èíòåíñèâíûé öâåò. Ïðèìå÷àíèå: ðåàëèçàöèÿ òåíåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàäà÷åéïîâûøåííîé ñëîæíîñòè (ïðèäåòñÿ ïèñàòü íàõîæäåíèå ïåðåñå÷åíèé ëó÷à ñ ãðàíÿìè, ÷òî â îáùåì ñëó÷àå íåòðèâèàëüíî).ÎöåíêàËàíäøàôò8 áàëëîâÐàñêðàñêà+2 áàëëàÓïðàâëåíèå+2 áàëëàÓïðàâëåíèå ìûøüþ+2 áàëëàÎáúåêòû+3 áàëëàÂîäà+4 áàëëàÎòðàæåíèå+4 áàëëàÒåíè+5 áàëëîâ òàáëèöå óêàçàíî ìàêñèìàëüíîå ÷èñëî áàëëîâ ïî êàæäîìóïóíêòó. Ñèñòåìà âûñòàâëåíèÿ áàëëîâ ãèáêàÿ, çàâèñèò îò ïðàâäîïîäîáíîñòè è âïå÷àòëåíèÿ îò ðàáîòû.Äîïîëíèòåëüíûå èñòî÷íèêè èíôîðìàöèèhttp://www.vterrain.orgËèòåðàòóðà[1] Êàííèíãåì, Ñ.
ACM SIGGRAPH è îáó÷åíèå ìàøèííîé ãðàôèêå â Ñîåäèíåííûõ Øòàòàõ. Ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå, 4, 1991.[2] Bayakovsky, Yu. Russia: Computer Graphics Education Takeso in 1990s. Computer Graphics, 30(3), Aug. 1996.[3] Canningham S. An Evoluing Approach to CG Courses in CS.Graphicon'98 Conference Proceedings, MSU, Sept. 1998.[4] Bayakovsky, Yu. Virtual Laboratory for Computer Graphicsand Machine Vision. Graphicon'99, Conference proceedings,MSU, Sept 1999.[5] Ýéíäæåë Ý. Èíòåðàêòèâíàÿ êîìïüþòåðíàÿ ãðàôèêà. Ââîäíûé êóðñ íà áàçå OpenGL, 2 èçä. Ïåð. ñ àíãë.- Ìîñêâà, ¾Âèëüÿìñ¿, 2001.[6] Ïîðåâ Â.Í. Êîìïüþòåðíàÿ ãðàôèêà.
ÑÏá., BHV, 2002.[7] Øèêèí À. Â., Áîðåñêîâ À. Â. Êîìïüþòåðíàÿ ãðàôèêà. Ïîëèãîíàëüíûå ìîäåëè. Ìîñêâà, ÄÈÀËÎÃ-ÌÈÔÈ, 2001.[8] Òèõîìèðîâ Þ. Ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå òðåõìåðíîé ãðàôèêè.ÑÏá, BHV, 1998.[9] PerformanceOpenGL:PlatformSIGGRAPH 2001 course.215IndependentTechniques.Ëèòåðàòóðà216[10] OpenGL performance optimization, Siggraph'97 course.[11] Visual Introduction in OpenGL, SIGGRAPH'98.[12] The OpenGL graphics system: a specication (version 1.1).[13] Ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå GLUT: îêíà è àíèìàöèÿ. Miguel AngelSepulveda, LinuxFocus.[14] The OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT) Programming Interface,API version 3, specication.[15] À.Èãíàòåíêî.îáðàçîâàòåëüíûéÎäíîðîäíûåêîîðäèíàòû.èíòåðíåò-æóðíàë¾ÃðàôèêàÍàó÷íîèÌóëü-òèìåäèà¿.
http://cgm.graphicon.ru/content/view/51/61/.Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëüÃðàôè÷åñêèé ïðîöåññ, 18API, 11GLU, Graphics Utility Library,Êîìàíäû GLglAccum, 9426glArrayElement, 50GLUT, GL Utility Toolkit, 27glBegin, 44IRIS GL, 12glBindTexture, 80glBlendFunc, 91OpenGL, 11glCallList, 48cèíòàêñèñ êîìàíä, 30glCallLists, 48îïòèìèçàöèÿ, 115glClear, 40îñîáåííîñòè, 12glClearColor, 40îøèáêè, 127glColor, 42ïðèåìû ðàáîòû, 101glColorMaterial, 68glColorPointer, 50Tao Framework, 157glCullFace, 46Àíèìàöèÿ, 20glDeleteLists, 48glDepthRange, 64ÁóôåðglDisable, 43ãëóáèíû, 62, 90glDisableClientState, 50ìàñêè, 94glDrawArrays, 50íàêîïèòåëü, 93glDrawBuer, 93î÷èñòêà, 40glDrawElements, 51glEnable, 43Ãðàíè÷íûå ìîäåëè, 19217Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü218glEnableClientState, 50glEnd, 44glViewport, 63Êîìàíäû GLUglEndList, 47gluBuild2DMipmaps, 79glFog, 73gluCylinder, 47, 165glFrontFace, 45gluDisk, 166glGenTextures, 80gluLookAt, 60glHint, 96gluNewQuadric, 47glLight, 69gluOrtho2D, 60glLightModel, 66gluPartialDisk, 166glLoadIdentity, 57gluPerspective, 61glLoadMatrix, 57gluQuadricTexture, 85glMaterial, 67gluScaleImage, 78glMatrixMode, 56gluSphere, 47, 165glMultMatrix, 57Êîìàíäû GLUTglNewList, 47gluIdleFunc, 135glNormal, 43glutCreateWindow, 35glNormalPointer, 50glutDisplayFunc, 39, 135glOrtho, 60glutInit, 35, 134glPopMatrix, 57glutInitDisplaMode, 134glPushMatrix, 57glutInitDisplayMode, 35glReadBuer, 93glutInitWindowPosition, 134glRotate, 59glutInitWindowSize, 35, 134glScale, 59glutMainLoop, 35, 136glShadeModel, 42glutMotionFunc, 135glStencilFunc, 95glutMouseFunc, 135glStencilOp, 95glutPassiveMotionFunc, 135glTexCoord, 85glutPostRedisplay, 40, 136glTexEnv, 83glutReshapeFunc, 64, 135glTexGen, 85glutSolidCone, 167glTexParameter, 81glutSolidCube, 167glTranslate, 59glutSolidDodecahedron, 168glVertex, 31, 41glutSolidIcosahedron, 168glVertexPointer, 49glutSolidOctahedron, 168Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëüglutSolidSphere, 167glutSolidTetrahedron, 168glutSolidTorus, 167glutWireCone, 167glutWireCube, 167glutWireDodecadedron, 168glutWireIcosahedron, 168glutWireOctahedron, 168glutWireSphere, 167glutWireTetrahedron, 168glutWireTorus, 167Êîìàíäû WGLwglCreateContext, 148wglDeleteContext, 149wglMakeCurrent, 149Êîíòåêñò ðèñîâàíèÿ, 148Êîíòåêñò óñòðîéñòâà, 146èäåíòèôèêàòîð, 146ôîðìàò ïèêñåëåé, 147Îáúåìíûå ìîäåëè, 19Ïîëèãîíàëüíûå ìîäåëè, 20Ýêðàíèçàöèÿ, 18219Ôàêóëüòåò âû÷èñëèòåëüíîé ìàòåìàòèêè è êèáåðíåòèêèÌîñêîâñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòàèì.
Ì. Â. ËîìîíîñîâàÀÄÐÅÑ:119992, Ìîñêâà, ÃÑÏ-2, Ëåíèíñêèå ãîðû, 1 ÌÃÓ, 2-é ó÷åáíûéêîðïóñ.ÒÅËÅÔÎÍÛ:Ïðèåìíàÿ êîìèññèÿ:939-55-90Ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíûå êóðñû:932-98-08Âå÷åðíÿÿ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ øêîëà:939-53-74Ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíîå îòäåëåíèå:939-27-17Âå÷åðíåå ñïåöèàëüíîå îòäåëåíèåäëÿ ëèö ñ âûñøèì îáðàçîâàíèåì:939-17-73Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé îòäåëôàêóëüòåòàÈíòåðíåò-ñòðàíèöà ÂÌèÊ ÌÃÓ939-54-55http://www.cs.msu.sue-mail: FAO@cs.msu.suE-mail ôàêóëüòåòà ÂÌèÊ ÌÃÓ:cmc@cs.msu.ruÈíôîðìàöèþ î äðóãèõ ôàêóëüòåòàõ ÌÃÓ, ïðîãðàììàõ âñòóïèòåëüíûõ ýêçàìåíîâ, êîíêóðñå è äðóãóþ èíôîðìàöèþ ìîæíîïîñìîòðåòü íà ñòðàíèöå Ìîñêîâñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà:http://www.msu.ruÍÀ×ÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊÓÐÑ OPENGLÞ.Ì.
Áàÿêîâñêèé, À.Â. Èãíàòåíêî.
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