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In most cells, however, thecontrol system does respond to information received back from the processesitcontrols. Sensors,for example, detect the completion of DNA synthesis, and ifsome malfunction prevents the successful completion of this process, signalsare sent to the control system to delay progression to M phase. Such delays provide time for the machinery to be repaired and also prevent the disaster thatmight result if the cycle progressed prematurely to the next stage-and segregated incompletely replicated chromosomes, for example.The cell-cycle control system is based on a connected seriesof biochemicalswitches, each of which initiates a specific cell-cycle event. This system ofswitches possessesmany important engineering features that increasethe accuracy and reliability of cell-cycle progression. First, the switches are generallybinary (on/off) and launch events in a complete, irreversible fashion.

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