Vvedenie_v_kletochnuyu_biologiyu_Obschay a_tsitologia (1120993)
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coli1,6,,,4109 .------*:.) – 1–110 -12 ;. ∼ 0,34103 ,– 0,25(– 1,67-24 ; 1.,4,6(!) 1,– 40).,B. subtilis29.vinelandii)40(Azotobacter.,E. coli(origin),,,(. 21).70,.30.,40.,(. 22).,.().,,,(,. 23).40 00010-15.,–120.,-–,.,,.–,,,,.1000,10,(H-NS)/(!).,.400..,.71,,,(. 24).,:.:––(. 25).,,().,,,,.,.–.,.,,,..(. 26),..72.,.(.).«»1833....-,(),-,,-,,,–.,–,.,..,«»,),(,,)...,),(,,,,73()()(-. 27.)..,,,,.-,.(),.,,.,.,,,,.,,,,«» ((., 1880).),,.,.,,:74–,.(),,().(,,)(,0,3).. 28, 29, 30).),,,..,.().,,,.,.,.3-...,,,75.,(.),,.,–.,.,-:,,,–,.,,.,,,.,,,.,(,),.:,.76, ,,...30-,,.,–,().–,,,().,,,,,,,,..,,...,–,.().77,,.,,,(),.);,..10-15%–,60%.,,,,,.,,.,,,.X.,X-,-,.,X-,,,–,,..,,.10%,,,78().,.1..1.)-+--+++,,,-,,79-,,,2.,().)n,, 3n –(,.
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35).84,,,.G-,,C-,,...467(A, B, C, D, E, F, G).(1, 2)(19, 20),(13- ),.,,C 6-X-(7-. 36).(,. 37)..(. 38).,,.,,A-T-.,85..20-30.,,,10-201,5,...,.,,,,..,:,(,,,).(,,).,(,,,),.,,.:,,,,86,,.,,,..,,..,(),,.,,,.,,,;,,..(,,),,,.,.,,–,..87,,(S-).,,S-.,–,.(. 39),:–.–S-,, G2–,,.S-, G1–,,.,S-.,,30%,3,S-20H -,,7,.,:),(G1),(S)(G2): T = G1 + S = G2 + M.,,(),.2.()G1SG288(20 )18,1(22 )1,019,32,33,78,06,78,05,42,322,52,26,36,77,318,751,09,57,50,7572,00,75-8,504,0L) 20,024,01,09-116-73-40,5-19,0104,5.1,5– 0,5,.,().G1-(2 ),2(4 ).S-4 , G2,,89,(. 40).;2.G1,,.,,.,(),.,G2-S-.G2.25%G2-,.,,..,«G2-M-»,;G1-S-,G0-.,.90.G0-,:,(,,).(),.,.,G0-,;.,(G1-),.,,.:,,,.,G0-.,,,(-.,).,),(.,,91:,..,4n4c.,,.G1S-,,(4n, 8n, 16n,4n..)..,,2n.,....,.G2-,,.,,.,G2,,.,92..,,..,,1(!),1052.18-202097152c.,,..100000c..S,,(.41).,.,.,,,.93:-,1000.-70-250,(),(.
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54).10,.S. cerevisiae110(I-III).(II),..(170).,,1-6100-1000103..,,,(.).111().,3-4.500-3000TTAGGG.-.,-,,,.,.,(),(,(.).102105),.,1001000..,,,,.,400.,(,100-400),..112,.,,:(> 106),;(102-105),,,;,.,:.,,Amphiuma (20,)80%,-70,-60%..,,,,,.,.,..,,,113.–..3,.,.,3(. 55).,.,,,.3,..1-3.,1.,(50:.,.).,–.,.,.30100.,20 000-30 000,40..1143500,– 400.,.:3,,,,,.,(,)..,,,.,..1600.,(6).,.6-8.,.115,..,Xenopuslaevis20,.:3,5,– 600.5,..,,,20-80.,.- 5’-(BrdU).BrdU,,(,BrdU),.BrdU,.BrdU,..,.S-.116,.,,(.),.–,.,,,.(S-,,,),S(,X-).: R-, G. C-)–.,.,...(1-3)S-,(4-5).,S-.117,..S-,,S.(),:.,,,100/(!).2,10.,103--11104..,.,,.,.,,60%,(),.:118.80%..,:5-7.,.,,(,),.,.,,.–,.,..,,.,,,-,(60.).–(.. 5).5..,%119,%H123 00029155,4H2A13 960119151,4H2B13 770166131,7H315 3401013131,8H411 2801114102,5–.,..-,H3H4-.:().H2AH2B.,.H1,,,..,,(0,5)120.(1-2NaCI).(H1),,N-C(3-4) α-.,(. 56).-,.H1N,C-,,,.():,,,..,.,.,S-,...,.121.,.H1,,H5,.,,.,.,,,E.
coli(HUH-NS),.,,,.,.,,10%,.100%.,.,,,H1,,-.,122.,,.:.,:,,H1H2AH2B,.,,.,,,.,,,(()),..,,,,-1 : 10000.,,,.:,512350.,.30.-,...-.,,- ,10(,“”:,,20. 57, 58)..,,.,,,,200;200, 400, 600, 800(.).,,200().2%.11S(S-,124,10-131:,11S),,200H2A, H2B, H3..,()H4H1..,:-(. core,:,),1461,75;54-.,,,,.H1,(,200, 30.. -H1 ((.).(146.-- 262000,(3107. -). 59).1,530H1, 30),.,109.).():146..(8114.)..–116.«10.,»,,,125.,,,(H3 •,H2A • H2B.H4)2. 60.,,,(10,. 61).(11),(200.686-7,10).,,.
N-C-,,,.().,.,:.H1,,.H3(H3 • H4)2H4.H2A • H2B.H3,H4126.,,–.,.(203-4),.,,.,,.,,..,,...,«,»,127.,,.,,.,,,.:,H1),.,.,-,.,(,(),-. 101).,..«,;,,»-–H3-H4,,-H2A-H2B,,.128– 30,,,,6-7.,,30(. 57 , 62).,,.,30,10,,,.H11030,.H1.,,,30.30,,,...,10106(.. 62).,129».,«.»,H1,,,10,,H1.3010,«- -».40 (40.)..,..»,.,(1),30:,.30(«,») (. 57 , 62).,,,,.3013045S,1.,,,6-8.,,81600.H1..30(. 62).,H1,,,.H16-8.,:,.40,.30.,30..,.131,(,),,,.30,.20%,.–,,.,,.80%,,.,,:,,.450(5-200,).,0,35(3(5NaCI)).,.,,132.,(-,,.),-(.)-,,,,,..(HMG – high mobility group,0,35NaCI«»).5% HCIO4(: HMG-1 (100000.
HMG-17 ().. = 25500), HMG-2 (HMG-. = 26000), HMG-14 (. = 9247).:5%.(HMG-10).,14HMG-11HMG-2,.HMG-17,.=HMG,,,-.HMG.,,I,HMG-.––30–,,.,,133104)(1.,.,,.,.,,.,,..2,NaCI,,.«.,»,.«»).)((50000),60-,.,.,,.«».«»,,,MAR (matrix attachment region)region),,SAR (scaffold attachment.134,.Ca++ )(2100.,.,,,.15-80,20050.,..(0,01(1NaCI)).,,30.,.–,30,.100-150.––,,(,. 63).Bursaria.,,.135,(. 64)..,(. 65).(Allium, Haemantnus, Vicia),,.,,,.,30,,,.,600-(,.
66).,.,,.,–.,-,.6.,,.136,,,.,-,–,,..,:,.,,,,,».()60-.,2NaCI,,,:–,(.,),,»((.. 67).70-).«»,137.,-100,.,,6.,(.. 6).( %)1.2. 0,2MgCl2N0000LS5275192,5HS8397666,4NM90977197,8NPM909998983. 2 M NaCl4. 1%-1005.,HCI50,25, 0,05MgCI2(LS),.2NaCI (HS),.1%-100(NM),,,(NPM).98%138,,,0,1%, 1,2%, 1,1%.,(.. 7).7.,970,11,292,31,20,051,1HeLa6,9971,20,10,5,:–((nuclearlamina,()fibrous«)lamina),»(. 68).,.,.«–» (PCL –“pore complex – lamina”).,..(10-20),.:,,139.-100,.,..,,-.,––,,.,,.(5).,.,S-S,,PCL.,S-S,.,,.,,,,,.,,140,,5-.,,.. 7,–,9888%..,.11-13(A200.A, B, C).,C,.B,.B,.,(),.,,.,.,,,141,,..,,,.,,()(»)..,,,(0,1-1%1%).,.,.125000,60000,...10.,..,0,02%1002-3142..(,),(120-140.,.),.50,(.,. 69).,,..(regions),(MAR – matrix attachmentSAR – scaffold attachment regions)2005-11210 000MAR (..SAR).SAR (MAR)II,.(«,Scl»)II.,Scl.,.,,:,70%.143,.,,.α,-():.-,-,-II.,,(.
70).,().1%,,,.,.,-II,.(95%)--.,,..,,-II.(),,144(.).-,,,..MAR,.-.,.,,–,,,.:,,().:(«,»).–.,– 30–7-,.40--70-,–-600-700-.,,145,30,,,–0,1-0,2,.,,0,1-0,2.,.(. 71)..–0,1-0,2.,(. 72, 73).,,–,...,,0,2.,.146,,..,.,,:,.(. 74)..,.,.,,,,:,..,,:(0,1-0,2(. 73).,),,,0,1-0,2.()147:,..,G-.,..,,,..7.50.,.,..,–,,.,..148-..-,,0,05-0,025.,,.:,(.
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