Т.В. Артеменко, Е.В. Кривощекова, Е.В. Кравченко, Н.Е. Николаева - Reader in Language and Culture (1098538), страница 18
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He died in 1848 and while at hisfuneral Emily caught a cold and died soon after, on 19 December 1848. She nowrests with her mother and father and sisters Charlotte, Maria, and Elizabeth andbrother Branwell in the family vault at the Church of Saint Michael and All Angelsin Haworth, West Yorkshire, England.At CastlewoodThe day is done, the winter sunIs setting in its sullen sky;And drear the course that has been run,And dim the hearts that slowly die.No star will light my coming night;No morn of hope for me will shine;I mourn not heaven would blast my sight,And I ne'er longed for joys divine.Through life's hard task I did not askCelestial aid, celestial cheer;123I saw my fate without its mask,And met it too without a tear.The grief that pressed my aching breastWas heavier far than earth can be;And who would dread eternal restWhen labour's hour was agony?Dark falls the fear of this despairOn spirits born of happiness;But I was bred the mate of care,The foster-child of sore distress.No sighs for me, no sympathy,No wish to keep my soul below;The heart is dead in infancy,Unwept-for let the body go.Alfred TennysonAlfred Tennyson (1809-1892), English poet often regarded as the chiefrepresentative of the Victorian age in poetry.
Tennyson succeeded Wordsworth asPoet Laureate in 1850.Alfred, Lord Tennyson was born on August 5, 1809 in Somersby,Lincolnshire. His father, George Clayton Tennyson, a clergyman and rector,suffered from depression and was notoriously absentminded. Alfred began to writepoetry at an early age in the style of Lord Byron. After spending four unhappyyears in school he was tutored at home.
Tennyson then studied at Trinity College,Cambridge, where he joined the literary club 'The Apostles' and met ArthurHallam, who became his closest friend. Tennyson published Poems, Chiefly124Lyrical, in 1830, which included the popular "Mariana".His next book, Poems (1833), received unfavorable reviews, and Tennysonceased to publish for nearly ten years. Hallam died suddenly on the same year inVienna.
It was a heavy blow to Tennyson. He began to write "In Memoriam", anelegy for his lost friend - the work took seventeen years. "The Lady of Shalott","The Lotus-eaters" "Morte d'Arthur" and "Ulysses" appeared in 1842 in the twovolume Poems and established his reputation as a writer.After marrying Emily Sellwood, whom he had already met in 1836, thecouple settled in Farringford, a house in Freshwater on the Isle of Wight in 1853.From there the family moved in 1869 to Aldworth, Surrey. During these later yearshe produced some of his best poems.Among Tennyson's major poetic achievements is the elegy mourning thedeath of his friend Arthur Hallam, "In Memoriam" (1850). The patriotic poem"Charge of the Light Brigade", published in Maud (1855), is one of Tennyson'sbest known works, although at first "Maud" was found obscure or morbid bycritics ranging from George Eliot to Gladstone. Enoch Arden (1864) was based ona true story of a sailor thought drowned at sea who returned home after severalyears to find that his wife had remarried.
Idylls Of The King (1859-1885) dealtwith the Arthurian theme.In the 1870s Tennyson wrote several plays, among them the poetic dramasQueen Mary (1875) and Harold (1876). In 1884 he was created a baron.Tennyson died at Aldwort on October 6, 1892 and was buried in the Poets'Corner in Westminster Abbey.The Poet's SongThe rain had fallen, the Poet arose,He passed by the town, and out of the street,A light wind blew from the gates of the sun,And waves of shadow went over the wheat,125And he set him down in a lonely place,And chanted a melody loud and sweet,That made the wild-swan pause in her cloud,And the lark drop down at his feet.The swallow stopt as he hunted the bee,The snake slipt under a spray,The hawk stood with the down on his beakAnd stared, with his foot on the preyAnd the nightingale thought, “I have sung many songs,But never a one so gay,For he sings of what the world will beWhen the years have died away.Lost Love(From "In Memoriam")I envy not in any moodsThe captive void of noble rage,The linnet born within the cage,That never knew the summer woods;I envy not the beast that takesHis license in the field of time,Unfetter’d by the sense of crime,To whom a conscience never wakes;Nor, what may count itself as blest,The heart that never plighted troth126But stagnates in the weeds of sloth;Nor any want-begotten rest.I hold it true, whate’er befall;I feel it, when I sorrow most;‘T is better to have loved and lostThan never to have loved at all.Robert BurnsRobert (Rabbie) Burns was born on 25 January, 1759 in Alloway, Ayrshireof south west Scotland, the son of a poor tenant farmer or “cotter” William Burnes[Burness] (1721-1784) and his wife Agnes Broun [Broun].
The Burns family livedin a cottage that William himself had built, and which John Keats would later visitand write his sonnet “Written in the cottage where Burns was born”. The cottageand property now belong to the Burns National Heritage Park. Young Robert andhis siblings worked the fields with their father, which was hard manual labour nearthe shores of the Firth of Clyde. They were exposed to the sometimes fair but moreoften harsh climes of Scotland that would take their toll on Robert’s constitution.He and his younger brother Gilbert also attended the local school and were tutoredby John Murdoch.Burns became a voracious reader of many classic Greek, English andScottish literary works including William Shakespeare’s, Allen Ramsay’s, andRobert Fergusson’s.
He also studied the Bible, French, Latin, arithmetic,geography, and history, and his childhood nurse Betty Davidson is said to haveintroduced him to the world of Scottish folklore and witchcraft as in “Tamo’Shanter”. The family moved to the farm Mount Oliphant in 1766, then a yearlater to Lochlea farm. Burns was a handsome, dark-haired young lad; a hardworker at the plow, and he worked as a flax dresser for a time. He also started on127his life-long habit of spending nights out drinking Scotch whiskey and flirting withthe ladies. Burns became a Freemason in 1781 and after the death of his father in1784, he and Gilbert rented Mossgiel farm, near Mauchline, but it proved anunsuccessful business venture.Around the age of fifteen Burns had started writing poems in the Ayrshiredialect of Lowlands Scots, including his first, “Handsome Nell” (1771-79);O once I lov'd a bonie lass,Ay, and I love her still;And whilst that virtue warms my breast,I'll love my handsome Nell.Other early poems include the oft-quoted “To A Mouse” (1785) written byBurns when he overturned their nest whilst plowing a field.
It inspired the title ofnovelist John Steinbeck’s masterpiece Of Mice and Men (1937).Around the age of twenty-five Burns fell in love with Jean Armour, to whom“Bonie Jean” (1793) is addressed, and with whom he had twins. He wanted tomarry her but her father and the Kirk opposed it. Frustrated with this turn ofevents, he decided to emigrate and seek his fortunes in the West Indies. In order tofund his passage he had his first collection of Poems, Chiefly in the ScottishDialect (Kilmarnock edition) published in 1786.However, his plans soon changed when the joy of fatherhood set in andPoems immediately received high acclaim.
Burns “the Ploughman’s Poet” becamepopular among Edinburgh society; he was guest of the Duke and Duchess ofAtholl, his principal patron the Earl of Glencairn fêted him, and William Creechpublished Edinburgh editions of his works. Though he was not aware of hiscontemporary William Blake, a fifteen year old Sir Walter Scott met him. WithArmour’s father seeing a more respectable man who could provide for hisdaughter, he encouraged their marriage and in 1788 Robert and Jean finallymarried and settled down on the farm Ellisland in Dumfriesshire.128The Ellisland farm proved yet another failure and Burns with his wife andchildren moved to Dumfries near the Solway Firth where he obtained a position asExcise man in 1789.
He worked in the Port collecting taxes on cargo and seizingsmuggling ships, though he did not entirely enjoy it or take it too seriously, as hispoem “The Deil's Awa wi' th' Exciseman” (1792-The Devil has Taken theExciseman), poking fun at the position, suggests;The deil cam fiddlin' thro' the town,And danc'd awa wi' th' Exciseman,And ilka wife cries, "Auld Mahoun,I wish you luck o' the prize, man."The annual pay of £50 finally provided Burns with a regular andcomfortable income with which he could support his family, though he receivedlittle recompense for his literary efforts. In 1787 he also enjoyed travels throughoutthe country.
Due to his love of music, he and James Johnson set to the task ofcollecting together all the traditional Scottish songs, music and lyrics, published asThe Scots Musical Museum (1787) which grew to six volumes. A SelectCollection of Original Scottish Airs (1793) was also partly produced by Burns,with George Thomson. Burns joined the democratic militia group Royal DumfriesVolunteers in 1795.
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