Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере - ответы на вопросы

Intentions are mental states in which the agent commits themselves to a course of action. According to the Roman law, did the intention produce legal consequences?

Law of the Twelve Tables, Latin Lex XII Tabularum, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 BC. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments were rendered according to unwritten custom preserved only within a small group of learned patricians. According to the Law of the Ten Tables, what was to be done to a person found guilty of giving false testimony?

Trusts are now generally dealt with as part of the business of the … Division in the High Court
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

According to Article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the principle of political pluralism is enshrined. What does it mean?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The ban is established on the recognition of any ideology as official. The freedom of political opinions and actions is proclaimed. The basis for the existence of a multi-party system in the country has been approved
• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized
• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. There is no state religion. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized
  

A 30-year-old man is arrested and detained by police officers on suspicion that he has stolen a car. He was seen by the neighbour, who says he went to the same school as him, and who reported it to the police. The police take the man to the local police station, where they intend to interrogate him about the suspected offence. Assess if he has a right to a lawyer and, if so, at what point in the process that right applies according to the RF laws.
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• He doesn’t have a right to a state lawyer. If he has money, he can have a private lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives
• He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives
• He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is to be interviewed at the moment when he comes to the police department even in the absence of his lawyer
  

Read the following piece of the text about the USA: Senate Bill X has passed out of the Senate. Senators were happy with the way that it was drafted and did not amend it at all. It has gone through the committee review process in the House of Delegates. An amendment was made, and the Delegates agreed that the amendment made the bill much better, so they passed it out of the House. What may happen at this point?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate is not allowed to request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House doesn’t vote on whether or not to recede from their amendment
• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. The Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment
• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment

Imagine your American friend decided to become a police officer in the USA. What steps should he make?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• It’s a seven-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. A background investigator will do an approximate three-month-long investigation where they look at every place you’ve ever lived, every employer that’s ever hired you, your references, your neighbours, your friends
• It’s a six-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. They’ll study your social media accounts, everything that you can possibly think of, to make sure that we really know who we’re hiring
• It’s a five-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview
  

Law of the Twelve Tables, Latin Lex XII Tabularum, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 BC. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments were rendered according to unwritten custom preserved only within a small group of learned patricians. According to the Law of the Ten Tables, what was to be done to a person found guilty of giving false testimony?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be killed by his enemy
• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be sent to prison for 10 long years
• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock
  

The duties of police officers include … (choose 3 correct answers)
_{Тип ответа: Множественный выбор}

• highway patrol
• traffic enforcement
• patrol of small towns
• serve civil process

Some of the different types of government include a direct democracy, a representative democracy, socialism, communism, a monarchy, an oligarchy, and an autocracy. What characterizes the Republican form of government established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation?

The Russian Civil Law system descended from Roman Law through Byzantine tradition and has much in common with the … civil code
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

… law is the aspect of law which emanates from and has effect on members of a specific state
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Municipal
• Local
• Interior
  

State … house offenders who have committed state crimes, such as assault, arson, robbery or homicide
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

In the UK, every citizen aged 18 or over can vote once in the … in which they live
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

A … is a place for the purpose of imprisoning someone, typically someone who has been convicted of a minor offense or someone who is awaiting trial for the crime they are accused of having committed
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

In Russia, the two chambers of the legislature also have the power to override a presidential … of legislation
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• veto
• vote
• election
  

A 30-year-old man is arrested and detained by police officers on suspicion that he has stolen a car. He was seen by the neighbour, who says he went to the same school as him, and who reported it to the police. The police take the man to the local police station, where they intend to interrogate him about the suspected offence. Assess if he has a right to a lawyer and, if so, at what point in the process that right applies according to the RF laws.

Most counties in the United States are patrolled by a … department under the leadership of an elected official
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• sheriffs
• police
• constable’s
• state police
  

The … is like the nervous system of a computer

The part of the legal system that relates to punishing people who break the law is called the … law
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

… law, also known as private law, regulates disputes between private individuals or entities
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Traditionally, members of the British police must gain a certain level of academic … at school and undergo a period of intensive training
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• qualifications
• certificates
• aptitude
  

A political party in Russia that managed to gather the largest portion of the popular vote and secured a constitutional majority in the State Duma is …
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

The process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct is called …
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Read the description below: They are members of a police department or law enforcement agency. They are responsible for investigating crimes and determining who the perpetrator was and why it happened. They interview witnesses and suspects. They write official reports using the information they have. Who it is about? Prove your point of view.
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• These are police investigators. They are members of law enforcement agencies and they are busy investigating crimes. They work for clients or individuals who pay them for their investigative services
• These are police detectives. They are members of law enforcement agencies and they are busy investigating crimes
• These are private advocates. They interview witnesses and suspects. They write official reports using the information they have
  

Arrange the milestone documents chronologically starting from last to first:
_{Тип ответа: Сортировка}

1. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights
2. The Russian Federation Constitution
3. The Bill of Rights (UK)
4. The US Declaration of Independence
   

One of the most discussed powers of the police is the power to question or … persons suspected of crime
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• interview
• look for
• send off
  

Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:
_{Тип ответа: Сортировка}

1. The Bill of Rights (UK)
2. The European Convention on Human Rights
3. The Constitution of France
4. The Russian Federation Constitution
   

The Archbishop discusses the implications of some interpretations of Western … legal systems
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• holy
• secular
• religious

It is not correct that … belongs to the courts of the general jurisdiction
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• trial court
• mediation court
• court of cassation appeal
• court of supervisory appeal
  

In Russia, … laws shall be adopted by the State Duma
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Judges may be citizens of the Russian Federation over … years of age with a higher education in law
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Imagine your American friend decided to become a police officer in the USA. What steps should he make?

Read the following piece of the text about the USA: Senate Bill X has passed out of the Senate. Senators were happy with the way that it was drafted and did not amend it at all. It has gone through the committee review process in the House of Delegates. An amendment was made, and the Delegates agreed that the amendment made the bill much better, so they passed it out of the House. What may happen at this point?

Don’t blame the previous government ___________ present troubles
Выберите один ответ:

• for
• of
• in
• at

For acquisition of inheritance the successor has to…
Выберите один ответ:

• to pay a tax on the inherited property
• to accept it
• to know about opening of inheritance

​​​​A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. What is the difference in the legislative system of the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• The executive power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is not a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords
• The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords
• The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a federal republic. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

… is a typical responsibility of the county sheriffs office
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Operating a jail
• Responding to calls in a municipality
• Talking to criminals in the criminal and civil process
  

Arrange the commercial courts in Russia according to their hierarchy (start from the lowest ones):
_{Тип ответа: Сортировка}

1. The Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation
2. Commercial cassation courts
3. Commercial appellate courts
4. Commercial courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

In the UK, currently there is a … Government in power
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

One unique feature of policing approach in Russia is the system of territorial … over citizens
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Early Roman law was drawn from … and statutes, but later during the times of the empire, the emperors asserted their authority as the ultimate source of law
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• custom
• cases
• tales

A … is an order that serves as a specific type of authorization and is regarded as a writ issued by a competent officer that permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Deputies of the … work full-time on their legislative duties; they are not allowed to serve simultaneously in local legislatures or hold Government positions
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Parliament
• State Duma
• Federal Assembly
  

Solicitors can represent clients personally in the lower … and with specialist training are also able to … them in higher courts
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Short-term confinement, primarily used after a youth has been arrested, but before a court has determined the youth’s innocence or guilt, is called … detention _{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Russia has passed legislation according to which police officers have the right to break into homes and cars without any …
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Many people think the terms “prison” and “jail” mean the same thing, but they actually refer to two very different aspects of the criminal … system
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

The common law includes both substantive rules, such as the offence of robbery, and procedural ones, such as court procedure rules derived from the … jurisdiction of the court
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• inherent
• successive
• fundamental
  

Some countries use a method of election called … representation which means that there is a reasonable correlation between the percentage of votes cast for a particular political party and the number of seats or representatives won by that party
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Match the courts with their functions:
_{Тип ответа: Сопоставление}

• A. District courts
• B. Arbitration courts
• C. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
• D. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
• E. handle most civil, criminal and administrative cases
• F. hear cases dealing with a wide matter of contractual issues, such as rights of ownership, contract changes, performance of obligations, etc.
• G. heads the system of courts of general jurisdiction and the system of commercial courts
• H. resolves cases regarding the constitutionality of normative legal acts of all levels

Intentions are mental states in which the agent commits themselves to a course of action. According to the Roman law, did the intention produce legal consequences?
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the exact form, not the intention, of words or of actions produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to actions and words, but not to intentions
• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, not the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words
• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, the words and the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words
  

Arrange the police officers according to their rank in the UK (start from the highest rank):
_{Тип ответа: Сортировка}

1. Chief Constable
2. Chief Superintendent
3. Superintendent
4. Inspector
5. Constable

The … of the Russian Federation may take a decision on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

In the UK, nowadays, almost all the members of House of Lords are life …
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Match the types of law with examples:
_{Тип ответа: Сопоставление}

• A. Acquisition and possession
• B. Land rights
• C. Procedure
• D. Public law
• E. when one makes a bond and a conveyance of property, as he has made formal declaration so let it be binding
• F. a man might gather up fruit that was falling down onto another man’s farm
• G. if anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go; if the man summoned does not go, let the one summoning him call the bystanders to witness and then take him by force
• H. putting to death of any man, whosoever he might be unconvicted is forbidden
  

Match the types of law with examples:
_{Тип ответа: Сопоставление}

• A. Sacred law
• B. Tort law
• C. Land rights
• D. Private law
• E. the women shall not tear their faces nor wail on account of the funeral
• F. the use of another person’s property without their permission
• G. let them keep the road in order; if they have not paved it, a man may drive his team where he likes
• H. one party files a suit claiming a breach of contract, the first question the judge must answer is whether a contract existed between the parties
  

The … of the Russian Federation is a judicial body of constitutional review, which independently exercises judicial power by means of constitutional judicial proceedings
_{Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор}

• Supreme Court
• Constitutional Court
• Administrative Court
  

In the UK, since 1945, there has been the … Convention that the House of Lords will not oppose a measure that was specifically mentioned in the last election manifesto of the political party forming the Government
_{Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ}

Due to a court decision carried out.
Выберите один ответ:

• confiscation
• nationalization
• requisition

Creditor’s consent to the translation by the debtor of his debt to other person.
Выберите один ответ:

• it’s required in all cases
• isn’t required
• it’s required if other isn’t provided by the law

Выберите термин, соответствующий описанию: It has a high impact and penetration resistant shell, a lamp system on the top, a face shield, an eye protection visor.

• body armour
• hood
• helmet

Выберите правильный вариант: A specialist who works with dangerous substances

• hazardous materials technician
• rescuer
• telecommunicator

Выберите термин, соответствующий описанию: It is designed to protect the face and neck against heat and flame.

• hood
• visor
• helmet

Join the equivalents:

• пожаротушение
• to extinguish
• тушить
• firefighting
• extinguishing agent
• пожаротушащее вещество
• to burn
• гореть
• combustible
• горючий

Выберите правильный вариант: A specialist who determines the cause of the fire

• firefighter
• dispatcher
• fire investigator

Выберите правильный модальный глагол или его эквивалент: On rare occasions, firefighters _____ walk through flames. For instance, they _____ do so when rescuing passengers from a burning airplane. In such situations, they wear heat-reflective suits.

• should to, may
• ought to, might
• must, may

Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: When you work at night, you have to wear this coat because it has________stripes.

• protective
• green
• reflective

Выберите термин, соответствующий определению: An article protecting the hands.

• hood
• gloves
• goggles

Read the text and find out if the following statement is true, false or not mentioned in the text: The user of the gas mask is also protected from gas absorbed by skin.

• not mentioned
• false
• true

Выберите термин, соответствующий определению: An item protecting the legs.

• coat
• trousers
• boot

Закончите предложения, выбрав правильный вариант ответа: A fire detector is a device …

• to extinguish a fire
• to start a fire
• to respond to a change in its surroundings

Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: These radios can be used in _______ atmospheres.

• protective
• explosive
• reflective

Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово: Trucks, fire engines, motorbikes are all kinds of ________.

• motors
• cars
• vehicles

Read the text and find out if the following statement is true, false or not mentioned in the text: Most gas mask filters will last around 24 hours in an NBC (nuclear biological chemical) situation.

• not mentioned
• true
• false

Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: I had to work in a contaminated area so I decided to put on my_______

• goggles
• gloves
• gastight suit

Read the text and find out if the following statement is true, false or not mentioned in the text: There are three main types of respirators.

• false
• not mentioned
• true

Подберите соответствующие термины к следующим определениям: A series of reactions in which one product of a reacting set is a reactant in the following set.

• ignition
• chain reaction
• combustion

Выберите правильный вариант: A specialist who extinguishes fires and rescues people

• firefighter
• paramedic
• fire investigator

Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: Class C fires are fires involving energized electrical _____.

• machines
• computers
• equipment

Выберите правильный модальный глагол или его эквивалент: At present portable fire extinguishers _____ be divided into 5 categories.

• must
• can
• need

Закончите предложения, выбрав правильный вариант ответа: Wise parents teach children …

• not to light matches
• not to use matches
• not to play with matches

Вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово: The _______ on the chest of your T-shirt shows which fire brigade you work for.

• stripe
• moto
• logo

Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола: Firefighters _____ all day Thursday, February 12, 1998 to extinguish a stubborn blaze in a seven-storey downtown office building.

• were struggling
• struggles
• struggled

Подберите правильный перевод выделенного словосочетания: Training in fire science can prepare you for a career as a firefighter, fire marshal, fire engineer, fire inspector or arson investigator.

• причина пожара
• место пожара
• пожарное дело

Закончите предложения, выбрав правильный вариант ответа: Carbon dioxide is …

• easily flammable
• non-combustible
• combustible

Выберите правильный вариант: It is designed for technical rescue situations such as vehicle extrications following traffic collisions, confined space rescues, rope rescues, swiftwater rescues, or building collapses.

• mobile laboratory
• rescue truck
• water tanker

Read the text and find out if the following statement is true, false or not mentioned in the text: A self-contained breathing apparatus is used when extremely toxic chemicals are present, in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, or when the contaminant or concentration is not known.

• not mentioned
• true
• false

Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово: Firefighters can experience negative health effects from unfiltered ________.

• engine fumes
• expense fumes
• exhaust fumes

Выберите термин, соответствующий определению: Gear protecting the person’s body from hazards.

• goggles
• trousers
• PPE

Выберите правильный вариант перевода, обращая внимание на грамматические конструкции: Setting the fire deliberately may involve a risk for somebody’s life.

• Намеренное разжигание пожара представляет опасность для чьей-либо жизни.
• Намеренное разжигание пожара всегда опасно для жизни поджигателя.
• Намеренное разжигание пожара – рискованное занятие.

Intentions are mental states in which the agent commits themselves to a course of action. According to the Roman law, did the intention produce legal consequences?

Some of the different types of government include a direct democracy, a representative democracy, socialism, communism, a monarchy, an oligarchy, and an autocracy. What characterizes the Republican form of government established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation?

Imagine your American friend decided to become a police officer in the USA. What steps should he make?

A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. What is the difference in the legislative system of the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom?

Law of the Twelve Tables, Latin Lex XII Tabularum, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 BC. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments were rendered according to unwritten custom preserved only within a small group of learned patricians. According to the Law of the Ten Tables, what was to be done to a person found guilty of giving false testimony?

Read the following piece of the text about the USA: Senate Bill X has passed out of the Senate. Senators were happy with the way that it was drafted and did not amend it at all. It has gone through the committee review process in the House of Delegates. An amendment was made, and the Delegates agreed that the amendment made the bill much better, so they passed it out of the House. What may happen at this point?

A 30-year-old man is arrested and detained by police officers on suspicion that he has stolen a car. He was seen by the neighbour, who says he went to the same school as him, and who reported it to the police. The police take the man to the local police station, where they intend to interrogate him about the suspected offence. Assess if he has a right to a lawyer and, if so, at what point in the process that right applies according to the RF laws.

According to Article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the principle of political pluralism is enshrined. What does it mean?

… regulates the relationship between different independent countries and is usually in the form of treaties, international customs