Ответы на вопросы из коллекции "🌞Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции"

You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?

• Yes, she must. Although the warranty has expired, a customer can expect an expensive product to last a reasonable amount of time before any faults or problems appear
• No, she doesn’t have to. The warranty has expired, a customer can’t expect any remedies
• It depends on the defect. Ivan is entitled to a free TV-set examination

… is overall quality or character, that helps you to attract new customers and build customer loyalty

The most widespread classification of drugs is according to the way they … the body, how they are used or where they are used

… and supervision of consumer protection by Rospotrebnadzor acting pursuant to its Regulations approved by Resolution of the Russian Government

• President
• State control
• Local control

The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.

• It falls in the category of Private law as considers the interests of the individuals
• It falls in the category of Public law as considers the interests of the society
• It falls in the category of Public and Private law as considers the interest of the society and the individuals

… is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money

From a comparative perspective, British people have what is known as an ‘… constitution’, although some prefer to describe it as ‘uncodified’

Distributing a drug is …

• not a crime
• a drug-related offence
• a drug-found offence

Complex Measures to withstand abuse and illegal drugs …was worked out and successfully implemented by central and local authorities

Organized … activities are activities such as money laundering and political corruption, in support of the drug trade

… are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations

Laws are binding for the members of the society because …

• they are made by people
• they are always easy to obey
• they protect people’s rights and fundamental freedoms

In Russia rather than having a single product liability …, the relevant rules are scattered among various laws

The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products, regardless of whether or not a direct contractual relationship exists

• Criminal
• Civil
• Administrative

… is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations between several things

… is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance

An international nongovernmental organization that investigates and documents human rights violations and advocates for policies to prevent such abuses is Human Rights …

The defendant had voluntarily consumed drugs to calm his nerves. Under the influence of the drugs, he had started shooting in the cottage in which he had been living, but claimed to have been unable to remember anything after taking the drugs. The defendant was convicted of causing criminal damage being reckless as to whether life would be endangered, following the trial judge’s direction to the jury that self-induced intoxication was not available by way of defence to a basic intent crime. The defendant appealed. What is the Court’s decision?

• The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could not be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him
• The conviction was not quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could have expected that dangerous drugs would have that effect upon him
• The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him

Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?

• No, she doesn’t. Retailers aren’t responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judy may think of more flexible exchange policies to foster better customer relationships
• Yes, she does. Retailers are totally responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances
• Yes, she does. Retailers are responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judi must order a new T- shirt that may fit the customer

Hammurabi’s Code contains …

• laws of nature
• the list of judges
• fundamental legal concepts

The … of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently.

Products must be recalled when …

• there are some cases resulting in the bad products
• there is an official prescription from the local authorities
• a manufacturer becomes aware of any risks of its products to the life of a consumer

Match the words with the synonyms:
A. Protection
B. Trade
C. Union
D. Economy
E. Advertisement
F. safeguarding
G. commerce
H. association
I. wealth
J. commercial

… are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of human rights

• People
• Mayors
• State agencies

… is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human moral principles or values

• Law
• Rules
• Morality

…crimes come in several different varieties, and the connections that exist between … and crime can sometimes be very nuanced and complex

‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens

• Roman
• Greek
• Roman-Greek

It should be noted that there are three main sources of the law in the world: legislation, … or decisions of the higher court or custom

Match the words with the definitions:
A. Intoxication
B. Drug dealer
C. Legal drugs
D. Addicted
E. the condition of having physical or mental control markedly diminished by the effects of alcohol
F. a person who sells illegal drugs
G. prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs that have been legally obtained
H. physically and mentally dependent on a particular substance

The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was thus integral to European legal development

• civil
• religious
• common

The State Duma carries the main responsibility for … federal laws

• passing
• creating
• establishing

There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market

• enforcement
• policy
• order

2Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?

• Yes, the rink attendants and manager have violated the young women's rights. It is discrimination based on gender or sex (ground). Every person has a right to equal treatment with respect to services, goods and facilities without discrimination because of ¼ sex
• No, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young women's rights. They took part in so-called “man’s game”, so they should get accustomed to the above-mentioned behavior
• Yes, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young women's rights. They took part in so-called “man’s game”, so they should get accustomed to the above-mentioned behavior

Arrange the documents chronologically:

• 1 Slavery Convention
• 2 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
• 3 Charter of Human and People’s Rights
• 4 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam

If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …

• robbery
• trafficking
• smuggling

A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the consumer’s discretion

The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract
manufacturer

… flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again after it has been eliminated or other similar flaws

A person who hears a case at court is called a …

• solicitor
• barrister
• judge
• lawyer

According to researchers of scientists every 10th family has met the problem of drug …

It is not correct that … belongs to terminal values

• salvation (saved eternal life)
• obedient (dutiful, respectful)
• national security (protection from attack)
• a sense of accomplishment (a lasting contribution)

Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto

• facts
• causation
• requirements

The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products

The adoption of the Constitution was so important to Russia because …

• the Constitution became a manifesto of the new democratic Russia
• the Constitution created 5 legal bodies
• the Constitution established a list of functions for the workers

The law creates a … system including the system of the courts for mitigating controversies

The main spheres of law are …

• public and private law
• original and legal law
• modern law and archaic law

Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.

• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didn’t violate the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment
• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist violated the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment
• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didn’t violate the confidentiality ethical standard as there is non- confidentiality prior to treatment

The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?

• It can hardly be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions also determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country
• It can be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country
• It can hardly be argued that any constitution is not the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country

…, statutes, case law and regulations are issued by government institutions

… law is made by human beings, and one of its most famous examples – the US Constitution – begins with the words “We, the people...”

An international organization that uses the medical and scientific tools to attract attention to severe human rights abuses and mass atrocities is … for Human Rights

… secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government

• Constitutions
• Treaties
• Customs

A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one’s self is … law

A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … law

Another important function of … is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens

Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one):

• 1 Constitution
• 2 Statutes
• 3 Government Regulations
• 4 Ministerial regulations
• 5 Ordinances

Civil claims are dealt with by … law

• criminal
• constitutional
• tort

Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
A. Administrative law
B. Criminal law
C. Constitutional law
D. Municipal law
E. corruption
F. burglary
G. rights
H. education policies

It is not correct that … are a capacity

• rights
• powers
• immunities
• services

Mercantile Law is …

• a system of law concerned with the punishment of offenders
• a system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community
• an assemblage of customs and practices governing a broad range of business practices

Mercantile law was created in … to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage

The … of law comprises a number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed

The Courts are to …

• punish
• make procedural rules
• apply the laws of the country

The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include …

• law enforcement
• rules of legal procedure
• moral rules

The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered

The oldest known evidence of a law code is the …

• Bible
• Ebla tablets
• Hammurabi’s Code

The system of rules which regulates society is …

The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … of Hammurabi

There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here’s a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife. Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case?

• This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and the government. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes
• This is private law as it governs relations between law governs the horizontal relationships among private parties. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes
• This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and a government. The area of law is Constitutional law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes

… are supposed to be reflected in law as law should be based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just

• Values
• Laws
• Rules

… is defined as freedom from inner conflict

• Inner anxiety
• Inner harmony
• Inner control
• Inner beliefs

… values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime

• Legal
• Terminal
• Final

… values are the highest values in a person’s value system

• Moral
• Legal
• Terminal
• Instrumental

… values are the values that are often used

• Moral
• Legal
• Terminal
• Instrumental

A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation is …

A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values are called … standards

A synonym for light-hearted and joyful is …

• cheerful
• respectful
• sincere
• restrained

Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person's current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: “The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on three occasions”. What’s the difference between “ethical” and “legal”? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?

• Ethics is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, legal is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is not regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law. Adultery is an issue of ethics
• Legal is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, ethics is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law
• Legal is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, ethics is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is not regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law. Adultery is an issue of ethics

Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting from the basic ones:

• 1 Physical
• 2 Security
• 3 Social
• 4 Ego
• 5 Self-actualization

As a member of a profession dedicated to the service of clients, a … should be committed to the values

Basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions are …

• values
• legal rules
• judicial practices

Both terminal and … values affect people’s personal as well as professional lives alike

It is not correct that … belong to instrumental values

• true friendship values (close companionship)
• broad-minded values (open-minded)
• logical values (consistent, rational)
• courageous values (standing up for your beliefs)

Match the given expressions with the definitions:

• A. Morality
• B. Value
• C. Liability
• D. Ethics
• E. principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour
• F. the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money
• G. a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
• H. the process of questioning, discovering and defending values, principles and purpose

Milton Rokeach defines values as enduring beliefs that … are preferred

• modes of conduct or values that are end-states of existence
• rules or values that are end-states of existence
• modes of conduct or inner beliefs

Some scholars don’t distinguish between morals and …

The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics

The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are …

Values are frequently regarded as “enduring …” that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made.

Values are practical based on the previous …, usually of several generations

… is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace

• Consumer protection
• Labour protection
• Contract law

Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informed decisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms

• employers
• consumers
• workers

Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request:

• 1 verify if the return date has not expired
• 2 create a request to return a product
• 3 specify the reason for the return
• 4 attach an image of the product to the request 5 enter your bank card details

If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is considered to be ‘…’ for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability

If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is not subject to the Consumer … Law Ответ:

Match the words with their synonyms:
A. Consumer
B. Purchase
C. Product
D. Manufacturer
E. Importer
F. purchaser
G. acquisition
H. merchandise
I. producer
J. foreign buyer

Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law “On Consumer Protection” dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law)

• liability
• duty
• tax

Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law ‘On Consumer Protection’ dated 7 February … (the Consumer Protection Law)

Russia belongs to …

• Mixed legal system
• Common law system
• Customary law system
• Civil law system

The … is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needs not relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities
consumer